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D. Data and Data Sources
1. Data
In this study, there are two kinds of data. They are qualitative data and quantitative data. The qualitative data contain of the students‟ problem in listening
and the class situation before the action research using spot the dictogloss conducted, and also the activities during and after the teaching and learning
process using Spot the dictogloss technique were given. The quantitative data contain of the result of teaching listening using Spot the dictogloss technique in
the form of posttest.
2. The Sources of Data
a. Qualitative data
In this classroom action research, the sources of the qualitative data were taken from:
1 questionnaire and interview a
before the action The questionnaire and interview were about
the students‟ difficulties in learning listening.
b after the action
The questionnaire and interview were about the teaching and learning process of listening using spot the dictogloss technique.
2 books
The books that were observed were books used by the teacher and students in learning teaching and learning English.
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3 field note
The field note was made by the collaborator during the action. It was about the teaching and learning process of listening using spot the dictogloss in
every meeting.
b. Quantitative data
The quantitative data were taken from the test result of teaching by using Spot the dictogloss technique. The data are in form of numbers. They were from
the test that was carried out before and after the cycles were implemented. The test was scored by looking for the mean score.
The instrument for test was tried out before it was given to the students. The try out test was conducted in class VIIIB of SMPN 03 Ngargoyoso on
December 15
th
, 2010. It was done to find the validity and reliability of the instrument. The data were calculated by using the formula of internal validity and
reliability. The formula is as follows: 1
Internal validity:
n x
s
t 2
i i
t t
i
q p
s X
X r
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The item is valid if the result of observation is higher than the score of “r” product
moment in the level of error 5. 2
Internal reliability:
The item is reliable if the result of observation is higher than the score of “r”
product moment in the level of error 5.
t o
r r
Where
t
s
: Standard deviation
n
: Number of students
r
: Coefficient of validity
i
X : Mean of total correct answer of each item
t
X
: Mean of the total correct answer of each student
i
p : The proportion of students who answer each item correctly
i
q : The proportion of students who answer each item wrongly
kk
r
: Coefficient of reliability
k
: Number of valid item Ngadiso 2009: 1-3
2 1
1 1
t kk
s pq
k k
r
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E. Technique of Collecting Data
Kategori