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have interaction with others elements. Language knowledge well can be known from vocabulary used.
In conclusion the writer tries to define the definition of vocabulary based on all of the theory above as a list of words for a particular language including the
meaning taught by teacher in the classroom. Vocabulary which is taught by teacher should be appropriate with the curriculum and environment of students.
2. Types of Vocabulary
There are some different types of vocabulary. Lewis and Hill 1997:44 divide vocabulary into two types; active and passive vocabulary. Active vocabulary is the
words that the students can understand, pronounce correctly and use constructively in speaking and writing. Passive vocabulary is words that the students recognize and
understand when they occur in context, but which learners can not produce correctly themselves.
Learning more and more vocabulary items does not necessary increase a personal’s fluency. Knowing a vocabulary item is not a simple process, it means
much more than simply memorizing the word. For students to add the word to their active vocabularies they need to know the context in which it can occur, the possible
and impossible collocations of word. According to Lewis and Hill, there are relationships of words, they are:
1. Synonyms
Synonyms are the relationship between two words that have same meaning. These are no means as frequents as people think. Though words may have similar denotative
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meaning they represent the same concept their connotation meanings often differ. Sometimes, it is possible for the teacher simply to say. For example „Enormous’
means the same as „very large’. 2.
Antonyms Antonyms are often taught of as „opposites’ such as hot’ cold. It is important for
teachers to remember that not hot , does not always mean cold; sometimes it is a question of degree. In these cases students usually start by learning the extremes and
later learn intermediate words: hot-warm-cool-cold. 3.
Complements Complements are two words exist and one automatically excludes the other. For
example: -single married. In this case it is possible to explain by saying „ Single’
means „not married’. 4.
Converses Converses means a pair of words implies the other. For example: Parent child,
employer employee. Again, such words are best explained together. 5.
Hyponyms Hyponyms are sense relation between words such that the meaning of one word is
included the meaning of other. For example: car, van, lorry are hyponyms of vehicle. Often, such words are difficult to handle without translating. It is not much help to be
told a carnation is a kind of flower. In such cases translation is often necessary.
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3. Vocabulary Mastery
