Research Design RESEARCH METHOD

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CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHOD

This chapter presents the research methods that were applied in this research. The research methods in this research covered research design, area determination method, definitions of the key terms, data collection methods, and data analysis method. Each point will be explained respectively in the following parts.

3.1 Research Design

The research design of this research was quasi experimental design with nonequivalent-groups posttest-only design. The quasi experimental design was used because it was impossible to take the research sample randomly. The research design can be pictured as follows: A : Experimental Group B : Control Group O : Post-test X : Treatment Adapted from McMillan, 1996:175 This design was used because the researcher wanted to know whether the use of skimming and scanning techniques had an effect on the eighth grade students’ reading comprehension achievement of recount texts at SMP Negeri 1 Silo Jember in the 20142015 academic year. Group A X O B O In this quasi experimental research, there were 2 groups that were investigated. The first was the experimental group and the second was the control group. Based on Cohen et al. 2007:136, an experimental group is a group which is given a treatment to know whether there is an effect after applying the treatment or not. A control group is a group which does not get any treatment. He also states that the existence of the control group in the experimental research is as a comparison with the experimental one. In this research, the experimental group was taught reading by using skimming and scanning techniques, while the control group was taught reading by using the conventional technique used by the teacher that was discussion technique. The two classes, in this research, were chosen randomly since the population was homogenous. To determine the experimental group and the control group, the researcher used a lottery. The result was VIII B as the experimental group and VIII A as the control group. The procedures of the research design were as follows: 1. Analyzing the students’ previous midterm test scores in the 20142015 academic year to know whether the population was homogenous or not. 2. Determining the experimental group and the control group by using a lottery. 3. Giving the treatment to the experimental group by using skimming and scanning techniques in teaching reading comprehension and the control group was taught reading by using discussion technique as usually applied by the English teacher. In this research, the students were taught reading by the researcher. 4. The teaching learning process of reading was conducted in two meetings for both groups. Every meeting lasted for 80 minutes. 5. Giving the reading posttest to both groups to measure the students’ reading comprehension achievement after the treatments were given to the experimental group and the control group was taught reading by using discussion technique. 6. Analyzing the results of reading posttest scores by using Independent Sample t-test with SPSS Statistical Package for Social Science to compare the result of the reading scores between the experimental group and the control group. The results were compared to see whether or not there was a significant effect of using skimming and scanning techniques on the students’ reading comprehension. 7. Drawing a conclusion from the result of the data analysis to answer the research problem.

3.2 Area Determination Method