kd Tasik 1004161 Table of Content

DAFTAR ISI
Halaman

PERNYATAAN ..............................................................................................

i

ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................

ii

KATA PENGANTAR ....................................................................................

iii

UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH .........................................................................

iv

DAFTAR ISI ...................................................................................................

v

DAFTAR TABEL .......................................................................................... viii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ......................................................................................

ix

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ..................................................................................

x

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ...............................................................................

1

A. Latar Belakang Penelitian ..................................................................

1

B. Perumusan Masalah ...........................................................................

4

C. Tujuan Penelitian ...............................................................................

4

D. Manfaat Penelitian .............................................................................

5

E. Struktur Organisasi ............................................................................

5

BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA, KERANGKA PEMIKIRAN DAN
HIPOTESIS PENELITIAN ............................................................

8

A. KAJIAN PUSTAKA ............................................................................

8

1. Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di SD...........................................

8

2. Pembelajaran Menulis ....................................................................

12

3. Karangan Deskripsi ........................................................................

14

4. Media Pembelajaran .......................................................................

16

5. Media Gambar Fotografik ..............................................................

17

6. Langkah-langkah Menulis Karangan Deskripsi
Melalui Media Gambar Fotografik ...............................................

18

B. Kerangka Pemikiran .............................................................................

18

C. Hipotesis Penelitian..............................................................................

19

BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ...............................................................

21

A. Lokasi, Populasi dan Sampel Penelitian ..............................................

21

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Halaman
1. Lokasi Penelitian ............................................................................

21

2. Populasi Penelitian .........................................................................

21

3. Sampel Penelitian ...........................................................................

21

B. Desain Penelitian ..................................................................................

22

C. Metode Penelitian.................................................................................

23

D. Definisi Operasional Variabel ..............................................................

24

1. Definisi Operasional.......................................................................

24

2. Variabel Penelitian .........................................................................

24

E. Instrumen Penelitian.............................................................................

24

F. Jenis dan Proses Pengembangan Instrumen Penelitiaan ......................

25

1. Uji Validitas Instrumen Penelitian .................................................

25

2. Uji Reliabilitas Instrumen Penelitian .............................................

27

G. Teknik Pengumpulan Data ...................................................................

29

H. Analisis Data ........................................................................................

29

BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN..............................

31

A. Hasil Penelitian ....................................................................................

31

1. Analisis Deskripsi Kemampuan Siswa Menulis
Karangan Deskripsi Berdasarkan Pretest dan Posttest ...................

31

2. Data Satistik Skor Pretest Sebelum Menggunakan
Media Gambar Fotografik Terhadap Kemampuan
Menulis Karangan Deskripsi ...........................................................

34

3. Data Statistik Posttest Sesudah Menggunakan Media
Gambar Fotografik Terhadap Kemampuan Menulis
Karangan Deskripsi .........................................................................

36

4. Data Pretest dan Posttest ...............................................................

39

5. Analisis Statistik Inferensial Kemampuan Menulis
Karangan Deskripsi Berdasarkan Pre-Test dan
Post-Test.........................................................................................

40

B. Pembahasan ..........................................................................................

58

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BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN ...............................................................

63

A. Simpulan ..............................................................................................

63

B. Saran .....................................................................................................

63

DAFTAR PUSTAKA .....................................................................................

65

LAMPIRAN-LAMPIRAN ............................................................................

67

RIWAYAT HIDUP

vii

DAFTAR TABEL

Halaman
Tabel
Tabel 3.1 Daftar Sampel Penelitian .................................................................

22

Tabel 3.2 Uji Validitas .....................................................................................

26

Tabel 3.3 Statistik Reliabilitas .........................................................................

27

Tabel 3.4 Item Total Statistik Reliabilitas .......................................................

28

Tabel 3.5 Kriteria Reliabilitas ..........................................................................

28

Tabel 4.1 Rambu-rambu Interval Kategori ......................................................

32

Tabel 4.2 Interval Kategori Pretest dan Posttest .............................................

34

Tabel 4.3 Data Hasil Pretest ............................................................................

35

Tabel 4.4 Data Posttest ....................................................................................

37

Tabel 4.5 Data Hasil Pre-Tes dan Post-test .....................................................

39

Tabel 4.6 Distribusi Frekuensi Pretes ..............................................................

42

Tabel 4.7 Batas Kelas Pretes ...........................................................................

43

Tabel 4.8 Nilai Z-score Pretes .........................................................................

43

Tabel 4.9 Luas 0 – Z Pretes .............................................................................

44

Tabel 4.10 Luas Tiap Kelas Interval Pretes .....................................................

44

Tabel 4.11 Frekuensi yang Diharapkan Pada Pretes .......................................

45

Tabel 4.12 Mencari nilai X2 hitung ..................................................................

45

Tabel 4.13 Distribusi Frekuensi Posttes...........................................................

48

Tabel 4.14 Batas Kelas .....................................................................................

49

Tabel 4.15 Z-Score ...........................................................................................

49

Tabel 4.16 Luas 0 – Z ......................................................................................

50

Tabel 4.17 Kelas Interval .................................................................................

50

Tabel 4.18 Frekuensi yang Diharapkan ...........................................................

51

Tabel 4.19 Mencari nilai X2 hitung ..................................................................

51

Tabel 4.20 Nilai Variansi .................................................................................

52

Tabel 4.21 Analisis tes t ...................................................................................

54

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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Halaman
Gambar 2.1Contoh Media Gambar Fotografik ...............................................

18

Gambar 2.2 Variabel Penelitian .......................................................................

19

Gambar 3.1 Desain Penelitian ..........................................................................

22

Gambar 3.2 Variabel Penelitian .......................................................................

24

Gambar 4.1 Frekuensi Hasil Pretest ................................................................

36

Gambar 4.3 Frekuensi Hasil Posttest ...............................................................

38

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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Halaman
Lampiran 1 Surat Izin Penelitian......................................................................

67

Lampiran 2 Profil Sekolah ...............................................................................

71

Lampiran 3 Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran .............................................

74

Lampiran 4 Instrumen Penelitian .....................................................................

77

Lampiran 5 Media Gambar Fotografik ............................................................

81

Lampiran 6 Hasil Karangan Deskripsi Siswa ..................................................

82

Lampiran 7 rtabel ................................................................................................

86

Lampiran 8 ttabel ................................................................................................

87

Lampiran 9 Nilai 0 s/d Z ..................................................................................

89

Lampiran 10 Nilai-nilai Chi Kuadrat ...............................................................

90

Lampiran 11 Koefisien Determinasi ................................................................

91

Lampiran 12 Foto-foto Kegiatan ......................................................................

92

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