THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODULE AS INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL AND ITS EFFECT ON LEARNING CHIEVEMENT OF STUDENTS ON HUMAN NERVOUS SYSTEM TOPIC GRADE XI IA SMAN 2 BALIGE ACADEMIC.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODULE AS INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL AND
ITS EFFECT ON LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT OF STUDENTS
ON HUMAN NERVOUS SYSTEM TOPIC GRADE XI IA
SMAN 2 BALIGE ACADEMIC
YEAR 2011/2012
By:
Mayasari Sinambela
408141084
Biology Bilingual Education Study Program
A THESIS
Submitted to fulfill the requirement for the degree of
Sarjana Pendidikan
BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCE
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
MEDAN
2012
Title
:
THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODULE AS
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL AND ITS EFFECT
ON LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT OF STUDENTS
ON HUMAN NERVOUS SYSTEM GRADE XI IA
SMA N. 2 BALIGE ACADEMIC YEAR 2011/2012
Name
:
Mayasari Sinambela
Reg. Number
:
408141084
Study Program
:
Biology Bilingual Education
Department
:
Biology
Approved by:
Supervisor,
Lembar Pengesahan
Prof.Dr.Herbert Sipahutar,M.Si.,M.Sc.
NIP. 19610626 198710 1 001
Acknowledge by :
Head of Biology Education
Study Program
Coordinator of Bilingual Class
Drs.Tri Harsono, M.Si
NIP. 19651231 199003 1 018
Prof.Dr.Herbert Sipahutar,M.Si.,M.Sc.
NIP. 19610626 198710 1 001
FMIPA UNIMED
Dean,
Prof. Drs.Motlan, M.Sc,Ph.D
NIP.19590805 198601 1 001
Date of Graduation : July, 10th 2012
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Praise and thank the writer prayed to the Lord Jesus Christ, for all the
grace and love of His presence is so large that the writer can be completed this
thesis properly and on time with entitled: “The Development of Module As
Instructional Material and Its Effect on Learning Achievement of Students on
Human Nervous System Topic Grade XI IA SMA Negeri 2 Balige Academic
Year 2011/2012”.
This thesis was the result of scientific thought which the writer builds
upon the theories that the writer gained during the lecture. This thesis is intended
as one of the requirements to obtain The Bachelor's degree of Education (S-1)
Biology Department State University of Medan.
This thesis could not have been accomplished without guidance,
suggestions and comments from several people, thus the writer would like to
extend special thanks to:
1. Mr. Prof.Dr. Hebert Sipahutar,M.Si,M.Sc., as writer’s thesis supervisor for
his guidance, suggestions and his willingness to accept the title of this
thesis and to spend hid valuable time in correcting and critizing this thesis
draft.
2. Mr. Syarifuddin,M.Sc.,Ph.D, Mrs. Dr.Fauziyah Harahap,M.Si., and Mrs.
Dra.Meida Nugrahalia,M.Sc., as writer’s examiner for their suggestion and
constructive criticisms for this thesis revision.
3. Mr. Danjor Nababan, S.Pd,M.M., the principal of SMAN 2 Balige for his
kindness to allow the writer in conducting my research at this school.
4. Mr. Pasno Lingga, S.Pd, Mrs. Rohani Siburian, S.Pd,M.Si and Mrs. Happy
Hutabarat, S.Pd,M.Si as Biology reacher in SMAN 2 Balige for their
kindness to allow writer in conducting my research at their class and also
all the students of grade XI IA 5 and XI IA 6 that have participated during
research.
5. Beloved parents Ayahanda M. Sinambela, S.Pd and Ibunda R. Sihombing,
S.Pd for all their care support and encouragement including their endless
v
love and their prayer to the writer, that have reinforced the writer in
finishing the writer’s undergraduate education.
6. My beloved brother, Benny Sinambela, for his support, guidance and
kindness for me.
7. My special friend in Biology Bilingual class Wenny Pintalitna Tarigan,
Maria Loretta Hutabarat, Yeni Khairina and Dina Kharida for their
encouragement and willingness to help the writer to complete this research
thesis
8. KOBE 104 diva, Friska Panggabean (Biology 08) and Yuni Asnita
Sihombing (Geography 08) for their support and joke that entertain the
writer during finishing this thesis.
9. Special thanks to my special friend Zulkifly Rasyid Nasution and Frida Eni
Gultom for their motivation, kindness and pray during finishing this
research.
10. Last but certainly not the least, all my sisters and brothers in Biology
Bilingual Program, Biology Department, State University of Medan for
their motivation whose name can not be mentioned one by one here.
May the love and peace of the Lord Jesus Christ always be with us. Finally,
with all humility this paper hopefully beneficial to contribute ideas in education,
especially for writers.
Medan,
July 2012
The Writer,
Mayasari Sinambela
408141084
iii
THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODULE AS INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL
AND ITS EFFECT ON LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT OF STUDENTS
ON HUMAN NERVOUS SYSTEM TOPIC GRADE
XI IA SMAN 2 BALIGE ACADEMIC
YEAR 2011/2012
Mayasari Sinambela (408141084)
Abstract
One of biology learning material which has physiological concept is human
nervous system topic that categorized difficult to comprehend because of its complicated
characteristics because this topic deals with complex physical and chemical mechanism.
Based on pra-observation to study school, 61% students didn’t reach minimum criteria of
completeness in learning process and the performance of handbook was less systematic
and less attractive in presenting the concept. Learning module was delivered to contribute
positively to increase learning achievement of students. The objective of this study was
developing of module based instruction in order to solve the difficulties in understanding
human nervous system and knowing the effect of module on learning achievement of
students on human nervous system that use module as instructional material. This study
was consisted of two stages. First was developmental stage that followed Dick and Carey
(2001) model. It was aimed to produce product which has assessed during validation
process in order to get its feasibility on material aspect, presentation aspect, readability
aspect and grafity aspect. Based on Validation results of material expert showed that: (1)
material aspect was 77.73%, (2) presentation aspect was 66.67%, (3) readability aspect
was 77.73%. The Validation result of learning design experts to grafity aspect was 92%.
Assessment result of small group testing showed; (1) material aspect was 91,6%, (2)
presentation aspect was 95%, (3) readability aspect was 98,3%. (4) grafity aspect was
97,5%. Assessment result of bigl group testing showed that: (1) material aspects was
90%, (2) presentation aspect was 86.16%, (3) readability aspects was 87.78%. (4) grafity
aspect was 91.22%. Second was the implementation stage to see the effect of module to
learning achievement of students. Population was regular class students grade XI-IA
SMAN 2 Balige that consists of 3 classes. Sample was consists of 2 classes which taken
with random sampling technique where XI-IA6 as experimental class (module class) and
XI-IA5 as control class (handbook class). Each class was contains of 34 students.
Instrument that used to collect data was multiple choice test (25 items) and essay test (3
items) where for pre-test and post-test was same. From result, it was obtained tcount was
4,875 and ttabel = 1,669 (with α = 0,05 dan dk = 34+34-2 = 66). It can be obtained that tcount
> ttable or 4,875 > 1,669, it meant H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted. Based on study
result, it can be concluded that Learning achievement of module based instruction
students is higher than handbook based instruction students in human nervous system in
grade XI IA SMAN 2 Balige at academic year 2011/2012. On the whole, module as
instructional material is more effective as for biology learning as compared to handbook
as instructional material. Because by using module, students are provided learning
according to their ability level and needs, creating interest among students in reading.
Keywords: Module Development, Learning Achievement, Module-Based Instruction,
Handbook-Based Instruction
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Praise and thank the writer prayed to the Lord Jesus Christ, for all the
grace and love of His presence is so large that the writer can be completed this
thesis properly and on time with entitled: “The Development of Module As
Instructional Material and Its Effect on Learning Achievement of Students on
Human Nervous System Topic Grade XI IA SMA Negeri 2 Balige Academic
Year 2011/2012”.
This thesis was the result of scientific thought which the writer builds
upon the theories that the writer gained during the lecture. This thesis is intended
as one of the requirements to obtain The Bachelor's degree of Education (S-1)
Biology Department State University of Medan.
This thesis could not have been accomplished without guidance,
suggestions and comments from several people, thus the writer would like to
extend special thanks to:
1. Mr. Prof.Dr. Hebert Sipahutar,M.Si,M.Sc., as writer’s thesis supervisor for
his guidance, suggestions and his willingness to accept the title of this
thesis and to spend hid valuable time in correcting and critizing this thesis
draft.
2. Mr. Syarifuddin,M.Sc.,Ph.D, Mrs. Dr.Fauziyah Harahap,M.Si., and Mrs.
Dra.Meida Nugrahalia,M.Sc., as writer’s examiner for their suggestion and
constructive criticisms for this thesis revision.
3. Mr. Danjor Nababan, S.Pd,M.M., the principal of SMAN 2 Balige for his
kindness to allow the writer in conducting my research at this school.
4. Mr. Pasno Lingga, S.Pd, Mrs. Rohani Siburian, S.Pd,M.Si and Mrs. Happy
Hutabarat, S.Pd,M.Si as Biology reacher in SMAN 2 Balige for their
kindness to allow writer in conducting my research at their class and also
all the students of grade XI IA 5 and XI IA 6 that have participated during
research.
5. Beloved parents Ayahanda M. Sinambela, S.Pd and Ibunda R. Sihombing,
S.Pd for all their care support and encouragement including their endless
v
love and their prayer to the writer, that have reinforced the writer in
finishing the writer’s undergraduate education.
6. My beloved brother, Benny Sinambela, for his support, guidance and
kindness for me.
7. My special friend in Biology Bilingual class Wenny Pintalitna Tarigan,
Maria Loretta Hutabarat, Yeni Khairina and Dina Kharida for their
encouragement and willingness to help the writer to complete this research
thesis
8. KOBE 104 diva, Friska Panggabean (Biology 08) and Yuni Asnita
Sihombing (Geography 08) for their support and joke that entertain the
writer during finishing this thesis.
9. Special thanks to my special friend Zulkifly Rasyid Nasution and Frida Eni
Gultom for their motivation, kindness and pray during finishing this
research.
10. Last but certainly not the least, all my sisters and brothers in Biology
Bilingual Program, Biology Department, State University of Medan for
their motivation whose name can not be mentioned one by one here.
May the love and peace of the Lord Jesus Christ always be with us. Finally,
with all humility this paper hopefully beneficial to contribute ideas in education,
especially for writers.
Medan,
July 2012
The Writer,
Mayasari Sinambela
408141084
vi
vi
TABLE OF CONTENT
Page
Ratification Sheet
Biography
Abstract
Preface
Table of Content
List of Figure
List of Table
List of Appendix
i
ii
iii
iv
vi
v
vi
vii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 The Background
1.2 Problem Identification
1.3 The Scope of the Study
1.4 Research Question
1.5 The Objective of the Study
1.6 The Significance of the Study
1
4
4
4
5
5
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
2.1 Theory of Learning (Individual Learning)
2.2 Learning Development of Senior High School Students
2.3 Teaching and Learning
2.4 Learning Achievements
2.5 Education Unit Level Curriculum
2.6 Instructional Material
2.6.1 Definition of Instructional Material
2.6.2 The Role of Instructional Materials
2.6.3 Variations of Instructional Materials
2.7 Development of Instructional Materials Based on KTSP
2.8 Module
2.8.1 Definition and Characteristics of Module
2.8.2 The Purpose and Benefit of Making Module
2.8.3 Models of Research and Developmental
2.8.4 Components of Modules
2.8.5 Sequence of Module Arrangement
2.8.6 Utilization of Modules in Classroom Learning
2.9 Description of Materials Nervous System
2.9.1 Definition and Function of Nervous System
2.9.2 Neurons
2.9.3 The Nerve Impulses
2.9.4 The Synapse
2.9.5 The Arrangement of Human Nervous System
2.9.6 Disorder in Human Nervous System
2.10 Study Hypothesis
6
6
7
8
8
9
9
9
11
12
12
12
15
16
17
20
20
21
21
21
22
23
24
24
24
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
3.1 Module Development
25
vi
vii
3.1.1 Preparation Stage
3.1.2 Developmental Stage
3.1.3 Evaluation Stage
3.2 Implementation Stage (Effect of Module)
3.2.1 Location and Time
3.2.2 Population and Sample
3.2.2.1 Population
3.2.2.2 Sample
3.2.3 Variables
3.2.4 Instrument
3.2.5 Study Design
3.2.6 Classroom Implementation
3.2.7 Instrument Testing
3.3 Data Analysis of Learning Achievement of Students
3.3.1 Requirement Testing
3.3.2 Hypothesis Testing
25
25
31
33
33
33
33
34
34
34
36
36
40
40
40
41
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Results
4.1.1 Module Development Result
4.1.1.1 Validation Process of Module as Instructional Material
4.1.1.1.1 Validation Result by Material Expert and Learning Design Expert
4.1.1.1.2 Assessment Score of Module by Small Group Testing
4.1.1.1.3 Assessment Score of Module by Big Group Testing
4.1.1.2 Product Revision
4.1.2 Implementation Result (The Effect of Module)
4.1.2.1 Instrument Testing Result
4.1.2.2 Student’s Learning Achievement Result
4.1.2.2.1 Description of Research Data
4.1.2.2.2 Requirement Test of Learning Achievement Analysis
4.1.2.2.3 Research Hypothesis Testing
4.1.2.2.4. Research Findings
4.2 Discussion
4.2.1 Module Development
4.2.1.1 Analysis Data Result of Individual Testing
4.2.1.2 Analysis Data Result of Small Group Testing
4.2.1.3 Analysis Data Result of Big Group Testing
4.2.2 Effect of Module Implementation on Learning Achivement of Students
4.3 Limitations of Research
4.2.8 Research Excellence
42
42
43
43
47
49
50
51
51
52
52
53
54
56
56
56
56
57
58
58
62
62
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusions
5.2 Recommendations
63
64
REFERENCES
65
vii
ix
LIST OF TABLE
Page
Table 3.1 Percentage criteria for indicators
Table 3.2 Number of students class XI IA
SMA N. 2 Balige Academic Year 2011/2012
Table 3.3 Number of students population class XI IA
SMA N. 2 Balige Academic Year 2011/2012
Table 3.4 Multiple choices for instrument
Table 3.5 Study design
Table 3.6 Teaching and learning activities
Table 4.1 Summary of Hypothesis Testing
31
33
34
35
36
38
55
ix
viii
LIST OF FIGURE
Page
Figure 2.1 The part of neuron
Figure 2.2 Mechanism of synapse
Figure 2.5 Schema of human nervous system
Figure 3.1 The Stages of Module Developmental
(Modification of Model Dick and Carey, 2001)
Figure 3.2 Chart of implementation phase procedure of the research
Figure 4.1 Assessment Result of Material Expert on Material Aspect
Figure 4.2 Assessment Result of Material Expert on Presentation Aspect
Figure 4.3 Assessment Result of Material Expert on Readability Aspect
Figure 4.4 Assessment Result of Learning Design Expert on Grafity Aspect
Figure 4.5 Assessment Result of Small Group Testing
Figure 4.6 Assessment Result of Big Group Testing
Figure 4.7 Comparison of Learning Achievement of Students
21
23
24
32
39
44
45
46
47
48
49
55
viii
x
LIST OF APPENDIX
Page
Appendix 1
Appendix 2
Appendix 3
Appendix 4
Appendix 5
Appendix 6
Appendix 7
Appendix 8
Appendix 9
Appendix 10
Appendix 11
Appendix 12
Appendix 13
Appendix 14
Appendix 15
Appendix 16
Appendix 17
Appendix 18
Appendix 19
Appendix 20
Appendix 21
Appendix 22
Questionnaire and Validation Instrument of Module
Module of Human Nervous System
Syllabus
Lesson Plan of Experimental Class
Lesson Plan of Control Class
Human Nervous System Achievement Test
Rubric Score
Validation of Module by Material Expert
Validation of Module by Learning Design Expert
Validation of Module by Biology Teachers
Validation of Module by Senior High School Students
Validation of Module by Big Group Testing
Validity Test
Reliability Test
Item Difficulty Test
Item Discriminant Test
Result of Pre-test and Post-test Experimental Class
Result of Pre-test and Post-test Control Class
Calculation of Basic Statistic
Requirement Testing
Hypothesis Testing
Documentation of Research in SMAN 2 Balige
68
82
138
141
153
166
175
194
196
197
199
201
203
206
208
211
214
215
216
219
223
232
x
ITS EFFECT ON LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT OF STUDENTS
ON HUMAN NERVOUS SYSTEM TOPIC GRADE XI IA
SMAN 2 BALIGE ACADEMIC
YEAR 2011/2012
By:
Mayasari Sinambela
408141084
Biology Bilingual Education Study Program
A THESIS
Submitted to fulfill the requirement for the degree of
Sarjana Pendidikan
BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCE
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
MEDAN
2012
Title
:
THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODULE AS
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL AND ITS EFFECT
ON LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT OF STUDENTS
ON HUMAN NERVOUS SYSTEM GRADE XI IA
SMA N. 2 BALIGE ACADEMIC YEAR 2011/2012
Name
:
Mayasari Sinambela
Reg. Number
:
408141084
Study Program
:
Biology Bilingual Education
Department
:
Biology
Approved by:
Supervisor,
Lembar Pengesahan
Prof.Dr.Herbert Sipahutar,M.Si.,M.Sc.
NIP. 19610626 198710 1 001
Acknowledge by :
Head of Biology Education
Study Program
Coordinator of Bilingual Class
Drs.Tri Harsono, M.Si
NIP. 19651231 199003 1 018
Prof.Dr.Herbert Sipahutar,M.Si.,M.Sc.
NIP. 19610626 198710 1 001
FMIPA UNIMED
Dean,
Prof. Drs.Motlan, M.Sc,Ph.D
NIP.19590805 198601 1 001
Date of Graduation : July, 10th 2012
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Praise and thank the writer prayed to the Lord Jesus Christ, for all the
grace and love of His presence is so large that the writer can be completed this
thesis properly and on time with entitled: “The Development of Module As
Instructional Material and Its Effect on Learning Achievement of Students on
Human Nervous System Topic Grade XI IA SMA Negeri 2 Balige Academic
Year 2011/2012”.
This thesis was the result of scientific thought which the writer builds
upon the theories that the writer gained during the lecture. This thesis is intended
as one of the requirements to obtain The Bachelor's degree of Education (S-1)
Biology Department State University of Medan.
This thesis could not have been accomplished without guidance,
suggestions and comments from several people, thus the writer would like to
extend special thanks to:
1. Mr. Prof.Dr. Hebert Sipahutar,M.Si,M.Sc., as writer’s thesis supervisor for
his guidance, suggestions and his willingness to accept the title of this
thesis and to spend hid valuable time in correcting and critizing this thesis
draft.
2. Mr. Syarifuddin,M.Sc.,Ph.D, Mrs. Dr.Fauziyah Harahap,M.Si., and Mrs.
Dra.Meida Nugrahalia,M.Sc., as writer’s examiner for their suggestion and
constructive criticisms for this thesis revision.
3. Mr. Danjor Nababan, S.Pd,M.M., the principal of SMAN 2 Balige for his
kindness to allow the writer in conducting my research at this school.
4. Mr. Pasno Lingga, S.Pd, Mrs. Rohani Siburian, S.Pd,M.Si and Mrs. Happy
Hutabarat, S.Pd,M.Si as Biology reacher in SMAN 2 Balige for their
kindness to allow writer in conducting my research at their class and also
all the students of grade XI IA 5 and XI IA 6 that have participated during
research.
5. Beloved parents Ayahanda M. Sinambela, S.Pd and Ibunda R. Sihombing,
S.Pd for all their care support and encouragement including their endless
v
love and their prayer to the writer, that have reinforced the writer in
finishing the writer’s undergraduate education.
6. My beloved brother, Benny Sinambela, for his support, guidance and
kindness for me.
7. My special friend in Biology Bilingual class Wenny Pintalitna Tarigan,
Maria Loretta Hutabarat, Yeni Khairina and Dina Kharida for their
encouragement and willingness to help the writer to complete this research
thesis
8. KOBE 104 diva, Friska Panggabean (Biology 08) and Yuni Asnita
Sihombing (Geography 08) for their support and joke that entertain the
writer during finishing this thesis.
9. Special thanks to my special friend Zulkifly Rasyid Nasution and Frida Eni
Gultom for their motivation, kindness and pray during finishing this
research.
10. Last but certainly not the least, all my sisters and brothers in Biology
Bilingual Program, Biology Department, State University of Medan for
their motivation whose name can not be mentioned one by one here.
May the love and peace of the Lord Jesus Christ always be with us. Finally,
with all humility this paper hopefully beneficial to contribute ideas in education,
especially for writers.
Medan,
July 2012
The Writer,
Mayasari Sinambela
408141084
iii
THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODULE AS INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL
AND ITS EFFECT ON LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT OF STUDENTS
ON HUMAN NERVOUS SYSTEM TOPIC GRADE
XI IA SMAN 2 BALIGE ACADEMIC
YEAR 2011/2012
Mayasari Sinambela (408141084)
Abstract
One of biology learning material which has physiological concept is human
nervous system topic that categorized difficult to comprehend because of its complicated
characteristics because this topic deals with complex physical and chemical mechanism.
Based on pra-observation to study school, 61% students didn’t reach minimum criteria of
completeness in learning process and the performance of handbook was less systematic
and less attractive in presenting the concept. Learning module was delivered to contribute
positively to increase learning achievement of students. The objective of this study was
developing of module based instruction in order to solve the difficulties in understanding
human nervous system and knowing the effect of module on learning achievement of
students on human nervous system that use module as instructional material. This study
was consisted of two stages. First was developmental stage that followed Dick and Carey
(2001) model. It was aimed to produce product which has assessed during validation
process in order to get its feasibility on material aspect, presentation aspect, readability
aspect and grafity aspect. Based on Validation results of material expert showed that: (1)
material aspect was 77.73%, (2) presentation aspect was 66.67%, (3) readability aspect
was 77.73%. The Validation result of learning design experts to grafity aspect was 92%.
Assessment result of small group testing showed; (1) material aspect was 91,6%, (2)
presentation aspect was 95%, (3) readability aspect was 98,3%. (4) grafity aspect was
97,5%. Assessment result of bigl group testing showed that: (1) material aspects was
90%, (2) presentation aspect was 86.16%, (3) readability aspects was 87.78%. (4) grafity
aspect was 91.22%. Second was the implementation stage to see the effect of module to
learning achievement of students. Population was regular class students grade XI-IA
SMAN 2 Balige that consists of 3 classes. Sample was consists of 2 classes which taken
with random sampling technique where XI-IA6 as experimental class (module class) and
XI-IA5 as control class (handbook class). Each class was contains of 34 students.
Instrument that used to collect data was multiple choice test (25 items) and essay test (3
items) where for pre-test and post-test was same. From result, it was obtained tcount was
4,875 and ttabel = 1,669 (with α = 0,05 dan dk = 34+34-2 = 66). It can be obtained that tcount
> ttable or 4,875 > 1,669, it meant H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted. Based on study
result, it can be concluded that Learning achievement of module based instruction
students is higher than handbook based instruction students in human nervous system in
grade XI IA SMAN 2 Balige at academic year 2011/2012. On the whole, module as
instructional material is more effective as for biology learning as compared to handbook
as instructional material. Because by using module, students are provided learning
according to their ability level and needs, creating interest among students in reading.
Keywords: Module Development, Learning Achievement, Module-Based Instruction,
Handbook-Based Instruction
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Praise and thank the writer prayed to the Lord Jesus Christ, for all the
grace and love of His presence is so large that the writer can be completed this
thesis properly and on time with entitled: “The Development of Module As
Instructional Material and Its Effect on Learning Achievement of Students on
Human Nervous System Topic Grade XI IA SMA Negeri 2 Balige Academic
Year 2011/2012”.
This thesis was the result of scientific thought which the writer builds
upon the theories that the writer gained during the lecture. This thesis is intended
as one of the requirements to obtain The Bachelor's degree of Education (S-1)
Biology Department State University of Medan.
This thesis could not have been accomplished without guidance,
suggestions and comments from several people, thus the writer would like to
extend special thanks to:
1. Mr. Prof.Dr. Hebert Sipahutar,M.Si,M.Sc., as writer’s thesis supervisor for
his guidance, suggestions and his willingness to accept the title of this
thesis and to spend hid valuable time in correcting and critizing this thesis
draft.
2. Mr. Syarifuddin,M.Sc.,Ph.D, Mrs. Dr.Fauziyah Harahap,M.Si., and Mrs.
Dra.Meida Nugrahalia,M.Sc., as writer’s examiner for their suggestion and
constructive criticisms for this thesis revision.
3. Mr. Danjor Nababan, S.Pd,M.M., the principal of SMAN 2 Balige for his
kindness to allow the writer in conducting my research at this school.
4. Mr. Pasno Lingga, S.Pd, Mrs. Rohani Siburian, S.Pd,M.Si and Mrs. Happy
Hutabarat, S.Pd,M.Si as Biology reacher in SMAN 2 Balige for their
kindness to allow writer in conducting my research at their class and also
all the students of grade XI IA 5 and XI IA 6 that have participated during
research.
5. Beloved parents Ayahanda M. Sinambela, S.Pd and Ibunda R. Sihombing,
S.Pd for all their care support and encouragement including their endless
v
love and their prayer to the writer, that have reinforced the writer in
finishing the writer’s undergraduate education.
6. My beloved brother, Benny Sinambela, for his support, guidance and
kindness for me.
7. My special friend in Biology Bilingual class Wenny Pintalitna Tarigan,
Maria Loretta Hutabarat, Yeni Khairina and Dina Kharida for their
encouragement and willingness to help the writer to complete this research
thesis
8. KOBE 104 diva, Friska Panggabean (Biology 08) and Yuni Asnita
Sihombing (Geography 08) for their support and joke that entertain the
writer during finishing this thesis.
9. Special thanks to my special friend Zulkifly Rasyid Nasution and Frida Eni
Gultom for their motivation, kindness and pray during finishing this
research.
10. Last but certainly not the least, all my sisters and brothers in Biology
Bilingual Program, Biology Department, State University of Medan for
their motivation whose name can not be mentioned one by one here.
May the love and peace of the Lord Jesus Christ always be with us. Finally,
with all humility this paper hopefully beneficial to contribute ideas in education,
especially for writers.
Medan,
July 2012
The Writer,
Mayasari Sinambela
408141084
vi
vi
TABLE OF CONTENT
Page
Ratification Sheet
Biography
Abstract
Preface
Table of Content
List of Figure
List of Table
List of Appendix
i
ii
iii
iv
vi
v
vi
vii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 The Background
1.2 Problem Identification
1.3 The Scope of the Study
1.4 Research Question
1.5 The Objective of the Study
1.6 The Significance of the Study
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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
2.1 Theory of Learning (Individual Learning)
2.2 Learning Development of Senior High School Students
2.3 Teaching and Learning
2.4 Learning Achievements
2.5 Education Unit Level Curriculum
2.6 Instructional Material
2.6.1 Definition of Instructional Material
2.6.2 The Role of Instructional Materials
2.6.3 Variations of Instructional Materials
2.7 Development of Instructional Materials Based on KTSP
2.8 Module
2.8.1 Definition and Characteristics of Module
2.8.2 The Purpose and Benefit of Making Module
2.8.3 Models of Research and Developmental
2.8.4 Components of Modules
2.8.5 Sequence of Module Arrangement
2.8.6 Utilization of Modules in Classroom Learning
2.9 Description of Materials Nervous System
2.9.1 Definition and Function of Nervous System
2.9.2 Neurons
2.9.3 The Nerve Impulses
2.9.4 The Synapse
2.9.5 The Arrangement of Human Nervous System
2.9.6 Disorder in Human Nervous System
2.10 Study Hypothesis
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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
3.1 Module Development
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3.1.1 Preparation Stage
3.1.2 Developmental Stage
3.1.3 Evaluation Stage
3.2 Implementation Stage (Effect of Module)
3.2.1 Location and Time
3.2.2 Population and Sample
3.2.2.1 Population
3.2.2.2 Sample
3.2.3 Variables
3.2.4 Instrument
3.2.5 Study Design
3.2.6 Classroom Implementation
3.2.7 Instrument Testing
3.3 Data Analysis of Learning Achievement of Students
3.3.1 Requirement Testing
3.3.2 Hypothesis Testing
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CHAPTER IV RESEARCH RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Results
4.1.1 Module Development Result
4.1.1.1 Validation Process of Module as Instructional Material
4.1.1.1.1 Validation Result by Material Expert and Learning Design Expert
4.1.1.1.2 Assessment Score of Module by Small Group Testing
4.1.1.1.3 Assessment Score of Module by Big Group Testing
4.1.1.2 Product Revision
4.1.2 Implementation Result (The Effect of Module)
4.1.2.1 Instrument Testing Result
4.1.2.2 Student’s Learning Achievement Result
4.1.2.2.1 Description of Research Data
4.1.2.2.2 Requirement Test of Learning Achievement Analysis
4.1.2.2.3 Research Hypothesis Testing
4.1.2.2.4. Research Findings
4.2 Discussion
4.2.1 Module Development
4.2.1.1 Analysis Data Result of Individual Testing
4.2.1.2 Analysis Data Result of Small Group Testing
4.2.1.3 Analysis Data Result of Big Group Testing
4.2.2 Effect of Module Implementation on Learning Achivement of Students
4.3 Limitations of Research
4.2.8 Research Excellence
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CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusions
5.2 Recommendations
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REFERENCES
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LIST OF TABLE
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Table 3.1 Percentage criteria for indicators
Table 3.2 Number of students class XI IA
SMA N. 2 Balige Academic Year 2011/2012
Table 3.3 Number of students population class XI IA
SMA N. 2 Balige Academic Year 2011/2012
Table 3.4 Multiple choices for instrument
Table 3.5 Study design
Table 3.6 Teaching and learning activities
Table 4.1 Summary of Hypothesis Testing
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LIST OF FIGURE
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Figure 2.1 The part of neuron
Figure 2.2 Mechanism of synapse
Figure 2.5 Schema of human nervous system
Figure 3.1 The Stages of Module Developmental
(Modification of Model Dick and Carey, 2001)
Figure 3.2 Chart of implementation phase procedure of the research
Figure 4.1 Assessment Result of Material Expert on Material Aspect
Figure 4.2 Assessment Result of Material Expert on Presentation Aspect
Figure 4.3 Assessment Result of Material Expert on Readability Aspect
Figure 4.4 Assessment Result of Learning Design Expert on Grafity Aspect
Figure 4.5 Assessment Result of Small Group Testing
Figure 4.6 Assessment Result of Big Group Testing
Figure 4.7 Comparison of Learning Achievement of Students
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LIST OF APPENDIX
Page
Appendix 1
Appendix 2
Appendix 3
Appendix 4
Appendix 5
Appendix 6
Appendix 7
Appendix 8
Appendix 9
Appendix 10
Appendix 11
Appendix 12
Appendix 13
Appendix 14
Appendix 15
Appendix 16
Appendix 17
Appendix 18
Appendix 19
Appendix 20
Appendix 21
Appendix 22
Questionnaire and Validation Instrument of Module
Module of Human Nervous System
Syllabus
Lesson Plan of Experimental Class
Lesson Plan of Control Class
Human Nervous System Achievement Test
Rubric Score
Validation of Module by Material Expert
Validation of Module by Learning Design Expert
Validation of Module by Biology Teachers
Validation of Module by Senior High School Students
Validation of Module by Big Group Testing
Validity Test
Reliability Test
Item Difficulty Test
Item Discriminant Test
Result of Pre-test and Post-test Experimental Class
Result of Pre-test and Post-test Control Class
Calculation of Basic Statistic
Requirement Testing
Hypothesis Testing
Documentation of Research in SMAN 2 Balige
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