RACIAL DISCRIMINATION REFLECTED IN TATE TAYLOR’S THE HELP MOVIE (2011): Racial Discrimination Reflected In Tate Taylor’s The Help Movie (2011): A Sociological Approach.
RACIAL DISCRIMINATION REFLECTED IN
TATE TAYLOR’S THE HELP MOVIE (2011):
A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by:
NURINDAH KHUSNUL KHOTIMAH
A 320 090 243
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2013
ii
iii
iv
MOTTO
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DEDICATION
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Warohmatullahi Wabarokatuh
Alhamdulillahi robbil ‘alamin, Praise be to Allah SWT, the Almighty God,
for blessing and guiding in completing this research paper as a partial fulfillment
of the requirement for the bachelor degree in English Department.
In this opportunity, the researcher also wants to express her deep gratitude to
the following persons:
1. Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M.Ed., as the Dean of School of Teacher Training and
Education, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
2. Titis Setyabudi, S.S, M.Hum., as the Head of English Department, School of
Teacher Training and Education Faculty.
3. The first consultant, Drs. Abdillah Nugroho, M.Hum who has given her
great help and guidance in finishing this research paper.
4. The second consultant, Titis Setyabudi, S.S., M.Hum who gives her
motivation to finish her research paper.
5. Dr. Phil Dewi Candraningrum, S.Pd, M.Ed., who has given suggestion,
guidance and great spirit in Literature study.
6. Her beloved family father ‘Papah Miskan’ and mother ‘Mamah Supami’,
her brother ‘Mas Arizal Duta Akbarani’, her uncle ‘Ngadiman and Yanto’,
and also her aunt ‘Surami and Anik’ who have sacrificed everything for her
and always support her with love, praying, and trust.
7. Her closed friend ‘Nitoel, Itoel, Vitoel, Anna, and Ami’, our friendship will
never end.
8. Her second family in KENARI 10 ‘Mb Listy, Dinoel, Sary, De’ Pheby,
De‘ Galuh, De’ Atoen, De’ Lia, De’ Piahtun, and De’ Winda who always
give her support and happiness every day.
vii
viii
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE ................................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL ......................................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE ................................................................................................. iii
TESTIMONY ....................................................................................................
iv
MOTTO .............................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION...................................................................................................
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ................................................................................. vii
TABLE OF CONTENT ..................................................................................... ix
LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................... xiii
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... xv
CHAPTER I :
INTRODUCTION...............................................................
1
A. Background of the Study..................................................
1
B. Literature Review .............................................................
6
C. Problem Statement ...........................................................
7
D. Limitation of the Study ....................................................
7
E. Objective of the Study ......................................................
7
F. Benefit of the Study ..........................................................
7
G. Research Method ..............................................................
8
H. Research Paper Organization ........................................... 10
CHAPTER II :
UNDERLYING THEORY ................................................. 11
A. Sociology of Literature ....................................................... . 11
B. Major Principles of Sociology of Literature ……………..……13
ix
C. Structural Elements .......................................................... 14
1. Narrative Elements ...................................................... 14
a. Character and Characterization................................ 14
b. Setting ...................................................................... 15
c. Plot ........................................................................... 15
d. Point of View........................................................... 16
e. Theme ..................................................................... 18
2. Technical Elements .......................................................... 18
a. Mise-en-Scene ............................................................ 18
b. Cinematography ........................................................ 20
c. Sound ........................................................................... 22
d. Editing ......................................................................... 23
D. Theoretical Application …................................................... 24
CHAPTER III: SOCIAL BACKGROUND OF AMERICAN SOCIETY IN
THE LATE 20th CENTURY UNTIL THE BEGINNING
OF 21st CENTURY ............................................................. 26
A. Social Aspect .................................................................... 26
B. Economy Aspect .............................................................. 28
C. Religion Aspect ................................................................ 30
D. Cultural Aspect ................................................................ 31
E. Political Aspect ................................................................. 33
F. Science and Technology Aspect ....................................... 36
x
CHAPTER IV: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE HELP .................. 38
A. Narrative Elements ........................................................... 38
1. Character and Characterization .................................... 38
2. Setting ........................................................................... 45
3. Plot................................................................................ 47
4. Point of View................................................................ 48
5. Theme .......................................................................... 48
B. Technical Elements .............................................................. 49
1. Mise-en-Scene ................................................... .......... 49
2. Cinematography ....................................................... ... 57
3. Sound ........................................................................... .... 62
4. Editing .................................................... ......................... 63
C. Discussion ........................................................................ 67
CHAPTER V :
SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE HELP .............. 69
A. SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS....... ................................ 69
1. Social Aspect ............................................................... 69
2. Economy Aspect .......................................................... 71
3. Religion Aspect ........................................................... 72
4. Cultural Aspect ............................................................ 73
5. Political Aspect ............................................................ 74
6. Science and Technology .............................................. 75
B. Discussion ......................................................................... 77
xi
CHAPTER VI: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION .............................. 79
A. Conclusion ....................................................................... 79
B. Suggestion ........................................................................ 80
C. Pedagogical Implication ……………………………… .. 80
BIBLIOGRAPHY
VIRTUAL REFERENCES
APPENDIX
xii
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Aibileen .............................................................................................. 38
Figure 2. Minny .................................................................................................. 40
Figure 3. Skeeter ................................................................................................ 41
Figure 4. Mrs.Hilly ............................................................................................ 42
Figure 5. Elizabeth .............................................................................................. 43
Figure 6. Celia ..................................................................................................... 44
Figure 7. The Jackson Journal ............................................................................ 45
Figure 8. Mrs. Hilly’s Home .............................................................................. 46
Figure 9. The Meeting Room of Black People ................................................... 46
Figure 10. Costume and Make-up of the Maids ................................................. 50
Figure 11. Costume and Make-up of the Employers .......................................... 50
Figure 12. Hard Lighting .................................................................................... 51
Figure 13. Soft Lighting ...................................................................................... 51
Figure 14. Frontal Lighting ................................................................................. 51
Figure 15. Side Lighting ..................................................................................... 52
Figure 16. Back Lighting .................................................................................... 52
Figure 17.Under Lighting ................................................................................... 52
Figure 18. Top Lighting ...................................................................................... 53
Figure 19. Key Lighting…. ................................................................................. 53
Figure 20. Fill Lighting ....................................................................................... 54
Figure 21.Natural Color ...................................................................................... 54
xiii
Figure 22. Dark Color ........................................................................................ 54
Figure 23. In the Restaurant ............................................................................... 55
Figure 24. In the Kitchen ................................................................................... 55
Figure 25. In the Office ...................................................................................... 56
Figure 26. Skeeter’s Props ................................................................................. 56
Figure 27. Mrs.Hilly’s Props ............................................................................. 56
Figure 28. Minny’s Props .................................................................................. 57
Figure 29. Example of Normal Angel ................................................................ 58
Figure 30. Example of Low Angel .................................................................... 59
Figure 31. Example of High Angel .................................................................... 59
Figure 32.Extreme Long Shot ............................................................................. 59
Figure 33. Long Shot ......................................................................................... 60
Figure 34. Medium Long Shot ........................................................................... 60
Figure 35.Medium Shot ...................................................................................... 61
Figure 36.Medium Close Up............................................................................... 61
Figure 37.Close Up ............................................................................................ 62
Figure 38.Extreme Close Up............................................................................... 62
Figure 39.Axis of Action .................................................................................... 63
Figure 40. Establishing Shot .............................................................................. 64
Figure 41. Reserve Shot ..................................................................................... 65
Figure 42. Reestablishing Shot .......................................................................... 65
Figure 43. Match on Action ............................................................................... 66
Figure 44. Cross Cutting .................................................................................... 66
xiv
xv
TATE TAYLOR’S THE HELP MOVIE (2011):
A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by:
NURINDAH KHUSNUL KHOTIMAH
A 320 090 243
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2013
ii
iii
iv
MOTTO
!
" # "$
)
" *"$" +
$
v
%
& '!(
DEDICATION
:
,
.
+
$
$
+
+
+
$
.
"
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Warohmatullahi Wabarokatuh
Alhamdulillahi robbil ‘alamin, Praise be to Allah SWT, the Almighty God,
for blessing and guiding in completing this research paper as a partial fulfillment
of the requirement for the bachelor degree in English Department.
In this opportunity, the researcher also wants to express her deep gratitude to
the following persons:
1. Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M.Ed., as the Dean of School of Teacher Training and
Education, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
2. Titis Setyabudi, S.S, M.Hum., as the Head of English Department, School of
Teacher Training and Education Faculty.
3. The first consultant, Drs. Abdillah Nugroho, M.Hum who has given her
great help and guidance in finishing this research paper.
4. The second consultant, Titis Setyabudi, S.S., M.Hum who gives her
motivation to finish her research paper.
5. Dr. Phil Dewi Candraningrum, S.Pd, M.Ed., who has given suggestion,
guidance and great spirit in Literature study.
6. Her beloved family father ‘Papah Miskan’ and mother ‘Mamah Supami’,
her brother ‘Mas Arizal Duta Akbarani’, her uncle ‘Ngadiman and Yanto’,
and also her aunt ‘Surami and Anik’ who have sacrificed everything for her
and always support her with love, praying, and trust.
7. Her closed friend ‘Nitoel, Itoel, Vitoel, Anna, and Ami’, our friendship will
never end.
8. Her second family in KENARI 10 ‘Mb Listy, Dinoel, Sary, De’ Pheby,
De‘ Galuh, De’ Atoen, De’ Lia, De’ Piahtun, and De’ Winda who always
give her support and happiness every day.
vii
viii
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE ................................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL ......................................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE ................................................................................................. iii
TESTIMONY ....................................................................................................
iv
MOTTO .............................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION...................................................................................................
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ................................................................................. vii
TABLE OF CONTENT ..................................................................................... ix
LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................... xiii
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... xv
CHAPTER I :
INTRODUCTION...............................................................
1
A. Background of the Study..................................................
1
B. Literature Review .............................................................
6
C. Problem Statement ...........................................................
7
D. Limitation of the Study ....................................................
7
E. Objective of the Study ......................................................
7
F. Benefit of the Study ..........................................................
7
G. Research Method ..............................................................
8
H. Research Paper Organization ........................................... 10
CHAPTER II :
UNDERLYING THEORY ................................................. 11
A. Sociology of Literature ....................................................... . 11
B. Major Principles of Sociology of Literature ……………..……13
ix
C. Structural Elements .......................................................... 14
1. Narrative Elements ...................................................... 14
a. Character and Characterization................................ 14
b. Setting ...................................................................... 15
c. Plot ........................................................................... 15
d. Point of View........................................................... 16
e. Theme ..................................................................... 18
2. Technical Elements .......................................................... 18
a. Mise-en-Scene ............................................................ 18
b. Cinematography ........................................................ 20
c. Sound ........................................................................... 22
d. Editing ......................................................................... 23
D. Theoretical Application …................................................... 24
CHAPTER III: SOCIAL BACKGROUND OF AMERICAN SOCIETY IN
THE LATE 20th CENTURY UNTIL THE BEGINNING
OF 21st CENTURY ............................................................. 26
A. Social Aspect .................................................................... 26
B. Economy Aspect .............................................................. 28
C. Religion Aspect ................................................................ 30
D. Cultural Aspect ................................................................ 31
E. Political Aspect ................................................................. 33
F. Science and Technology Aspect ....................................... 36
x
CHAPTER IV: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE HELP .................. 38
A. Narrative Elements ........................................................... 38
1. Character and Characterization .................................... 38
2. Setting ........................................................................... 45
3. Plot................................................................................ 47
4. Point of View................................................................ 48
5. Theme .......................................................................... 48
B. Technical Elements .............................................................. 49
1. Mise-en-Scene ................................................... .......... 49
2. Cinematography ....................................................... ... 57
3. Sound ........................................................................... .... 62
4. Editing .................................................... ......................... 63
C. Discussion ........................................................................ 67
CHAPTER V :
SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE HELP .............. 69
A. SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS....... ................................ 69
1. Social Aspect ............................................................... 69
2. Economy Aspect .......................................................... 71
3. Religion Aspect ........................................................... 72
4. Cultural Aspect ............................................................ 73
5. Political Aspect ............................................................ 74
6. Science and Technology .............................................. 75
B. Discussion ......................................................................... 77
xi
CHAPTER VI: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION .............................. 79
A. Conclusion ....................................................................... 79
B. Suggestion ........................................................................ 80
C. Pedagogical Implication ……………………………… .. 80
BIBLIOGRAPHY
VIRTUAL REFERENCES
APPENDIX
xii
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Aibileen .............................................................................................. 38
Figure 2. Minny .................................................................................................. 40
Figure 3. Skeeter ................................................................................................ 41
Figure 4. Mrs.Hilly ............................................................................................ 42
Figure 5. Elizabeth .............................................................................................. 43
Figure 6. Celia ..................................................................................................... 44
Figure 7. The Jackson Journal ............................................................................ 45
Figure 8. Mrs. Hilly’s Home .............................................................................. 46
Figure 9. The Meeting Room of Black People ................................................... 46
Figure 10. Costume and Make-up of the Maids ................................................. 50
Figure 11. Costume and Make-up of the Employers .......................................... 50
Figure 12. Hard Lighting .................................................................................... 51
Figure 13. Soft Lighting ...................................................................................... 51
Figure 14. Frontal Lighting ................................................................................. 51
Figure 15. Side Lighting ..................................................................................... 52
Figure 16. Back Lighting .................................................................................... 52
Figure 17.Under Lighting ................................................................................... 52
Figure 18. Top Lighting ...................................................................................... 53
Figure 19. Key Lighting…. ................................................................................. 53
Figure 20. Fill Lighting ....................................................................................... 54
Figure 21.Natural Color ...................................................................................... 54
xiii
Figure 22. Dark Color ........................................................................................ 54
Figure 23. In the Restaurant ............................................................................... 55
Figure 24. In the Kitchen ................................................................................... 55
Figure 25. In the Office ...................................................................................... 56
Figure 26. Skeeter’s Props ................................................................................. 56
Figure 27. Mrs.Hilly’s Props ............................................................................. 56
Figure 28. Minny’s Props .................................................................................. 57
Figure 29. Example of Normal Angel ................................................................ 58
Figure 30. Example of Low Angel .................................................................... 59
Figure 31. Example of High Angel .................................................................... 59
Figure 32.Extreme Long Shot ............................................................................. 59
Figure 33. Long Shot ......................................................................................... 60
Figure 34. Medium Long Shot ........................................................................... 60
Figure 35.Medium Shot ...................................................................................... 61
Figure 36.Medium Close Up............................................................................... 61
Figure 37.Close Up ............................................................................................ 62
Figure 38.Extreme Close Up............................................................................... 62
Figure 39.Axis of Action .................................................................................... 63
Figure 40. Establishing Shot .............................................................................. 64
Figure 41. Reserve Shot ..................................................................................... 65
Figure 42. Reestablishing Shot .......................................................................... 65
Figure 43. Match on Action ............................................................................... 66
Figure 44. Cross Cutting .................................................................................... 66
xiv
xv