A CORRELATIONAL STUDY BETWEEN SENTENCE STRUCTURE MASTERY, SELF-ESTEEM, AND READING SKILL AND ITS CONTRIBUTION IN LESSON PLAN DEVELOPMENT.

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A CORRELATIONAL STUDY BETWEEN SENTENCE STRUCTURE
MASTERY, SELF-ESTEEM, AND READING SKILL AND ITS
CONTRIBUTION IN LESSON PLAN DEVELOPMENT

A Thesis
Submitted to Teacher Training and Education Faculty
of Sebelas Maret University as a Partial Requirement for
Getting the Undergraduate Degree
in English Education

By:
ARIEF EKO PRIYO ATMOJO
K2211016

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY

SURAKARTA
2014
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ABSTRACT
Arief Eko Priyo Atmojo. K2211016. A CORRELATIONAL STUDY BETWEEN
SENTENCE STRUCTURE MASTERY, SELF-ESTEEM, AND READING
SKILL AND ITS CONTRIBUTION IN LESSON PLAN DEVELOPMENT. A

Thesis. English Education Department. Teacher Training and Education Faculty
of Sebelas Maret University. Surakarta. 2014.
The objectives of this research are to find out the correlation between (1)
sentence structure mastery and reading skill; (2) self-esteem and reading skill; and
(3) sentence structure mastery, self-esteem, and reading skill.
This research used quantitative method, that is, correlational study. The
population was the tenth grade IPA (Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam) students of SMAN
1 Tangen in the academic year of 2014/2015 consisting of three classes. The total
number of the students is 67 students. The sample was 22 students taken by
cluster random sampling technique. The instruments in collecting the data were
test and questionnaire. Objective test was used to collect the data of sentence
structure mastery and reading skill; while the questionnaire was used to collect the
data of self-esteem. The techniques used to analyze the data were Single
Correlation and Multiple Regression Correlation.
The results of the data analysis show that in the level of significance of α =
0.05 (1) there is a positive and significant correlation between sentence structure
mastery and reading skill (
=0.8058 > r t=0.423); (2) there is a positive and
significant correlation between self-esteem and reading skill (
=0.5178 >

r t=0.423); and (3) there is a positive and significant correlation between sentence
structure mastery, self-esteem, and reading skill (
=0.8384 and =22.47 >
=4.35).
Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that there is a positive
and significant correlation between (1) sentence structure mastery and reading
skill; (2) self-esteem and reading skill; and (3) sentence structure mastery and
self-esteem simultaneously and reading skill.
The result of this research shows that sentence structure mastery and selfesteem are important factors that give contribution to reading skill. Both sentence
structure mastery and self-esteem give 70.29% effective contribution to reading
skill. Therefore, sentence structure mastery and self-esteem should be considered
in increasing students' reading skill, although the factors are not the only variables
determining reading skill. It is suggested that teachers create innovation in
utilizing any interesting activity and develop lesson plan which enable students to
acquire sentence structure knowledge easily and increase their self-esteem.
Keywords: correlation, sentence structure mastery, self-esteem, reading skill.

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MOTTO

-We do not only take knowledge,
but also etiquette from our teacher(Arief Eko Priyo Atmojo)

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DEDICATION

This thesis is especially dedicated to:
1. My beloved mother and father.
2. My

great

friends

in

English

Education Department.
3. My great friends and colleagues in
UKM Studi Ilmiah Mahasiswa.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillahirabbil’alamin. Praise and thanks to God the Almighty for
His blessing to me so that I can accomplish the writing of this thesis. In this
occasion, I would like to express my deepest gratitude and appreciation to the
following:
1.

Prof. Dr. H. M. Furqon Hidayatullah, M.Pd. as the Dean of Teacher Training
and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret University who approved this thesis.

2.

Teguh Sarosa, S.S., M.Hum. as the head of English Education Department of
Teacher Training and Education Faculty.

3.

Dr. Abdul Asib, M.Pd., the first consultant, for the advice, patience,
motivation, and correction in writing this thesis.

4.

Drs. Muhammad Asrori, M.Pd., the second consultant, for the advice,
patience, motivation, and correction in writing this thesis.

5.

Drs. Ambrosius Handoko Pudjobroto, the academic consultant, for the
kindness, patience, and advice.

6.

All lecturers in English Education Department, for the valuable knowledge.

7.

All friends in English Education Department, for the good friendship.

8.

My mother and father, for their great support and motivation.
I accept gratefully every comments and suggestions as nothing is perfect

except Allah SWT and neither is this thesis. However, I hope that this thesis will
be useful to the improvement of the English teaching and learning.

Surakarta,

December 2014

Arief Eko Priyo Atmojo

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TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE OF THE RESEARCH ............................................................................ i
PRONOUNCEMENT ........................................................................................ ii
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... iii
THE APPROVAL OF THE CONSULTANTS ................................................. iv
THE APPROVAL OF THESIS EXAMINERS ................................................. v
MOTTO ............................................................................................................. vi
DEDICATION ................................................................................................... vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................ viii
TABLE OF CONTENT ..................................................................................... ix
LIST OF TABLE ............................................................................................... xii
LIST OF FIGURE ........................................................................................... xiii
LIST OF APPENDICES ................................................................................. xiv
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ 1
A. Background of the Study .............................................................................. 1
B. Problem Identification .................................................................................. 4
C. Problem Limitation ...................................................................................... 4
D. Problem Statement ....................................................................................... 5
E. Objectives of the Study ............................................................................... 5
F. Benefits of the Study ................................................................................... 5

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED THEORIES ........................................ 7
A. Review of the Theories ............................................................................... 7
1. Review on Reading Skill ...................................................................... 7
a. The Definition of Reading .............................................................. 7
b. The Elements of Reading ............................................................... 8
c. The Microskills, Macroskills, and Strategies of Reading ............ 10
d. Teaching Reading ......................................................................... 12
e. The Problems in the Teaching and Learning of Reading ............. 15
f. The Characteristics of Efficient Reading ..................................... 16
g. Testing Reading ............................................................................ 17
2. Review on Sentence Structure Mastery ............................................. 17
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a. The Definition of Sentence
Structure

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b. Parts of Sentence Structure .......................................................... 18
c. Sentence Structure Mastery .......................................................... 19
3. Review on Self-Esteem ......................................................................... 19
a. The Definition of Self-Esteem ..................................................... 19
b. The Elements of Self-Esteem ....................................................... 20
c. The Characteristics of Students with High and Low Self-Esteem

21

d. Self-Esteem in Reading ................................................................ 22
e. Developing Self-Esteem ............................................................... 23
B. Review of Relevant Studies ........................................................................ 25
C. Rationale ..................................................................................................... 27
D. Hypotheses .................................................................................................. 28
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD ............................................................ 29
A. The Place and Time of the Research ........................................................... 29
B. The Method of the Research ....................................................................... 30
C. Population, Sample, and Sampling ............................................................. 31
1. Population ............................................................................................. 31
2. Sample ................................................................................................... 31
3. Sampling ............................................................................................... 31
D. The Technique of Collecting Data .............................................................. 32
E. The Validity of the Instrument .................................................................... 35
F. The Reliability of the Instrument ................................................................ 37
G. The Pre-requirement Test ........................................................................... 39
H. The Technique of Analyzing Data .............................................................. 40
CHAPTER IV THE RESULT OF THE STUDY .............................................. 43
A. The Description of the Data ........................................................................ 43
1. The Data of Sentence Structure Mastery .............................................. 43
2. The Data of Self-Esteem ....................................................................... 44
3. The Data of Reading Skill ..................................................................... 46
B. The Analysis of Pre-requirement Test ........................................................ 47
1. Normality Test ...................................................................................... 47
2. Linearity of Regression Test ................................................................. 48
3. Significance of Regression
Test ............................................................
50
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C. The Hypotheses Testing .............................................................................. 51
D. The Contribution Analysis .......................................................................... 55
E. The Discussion of the Research Finding .................................................... 56
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION, AND SUGGESTION .......... 60
A. Conclusion .................................................................................................. 60
B. Implication .................................................................................................. 61
C. Suggestion ................................................................................................... 73
BIBLIOGRAPHY .............................................................................................. 74
APPENDICES ................................................................................................... 78

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LIST OF TABLE
Table 2.1. Top 15 Characteristics of High and Low Self-Esteem Students ....... 22
Table 3.1. The Schedule of the Research ........................................................... 29
Table 4.1. Frequency Distribution of Sentence Structure Mastery .................... 43
Table 4.2. Frequency Distribution of Self-Esteem ............................................ 45
Table 4.3. Frequency Distribution of Reading Skill .......................................... 46
Table 4.4. Normality Test of Sentence Structure Mastery, Self-Esteem, and
Reading Skill ...................................................................................................... 48
Table 4.5. Linearity of Regression Test of Sentence Structure Mastery, SelfEsteem, and Reading Skill ................................................................................. 49
Table 4.6. Significance of Regression Test of Sentence Structure Mastery, SelfEsteem, and Reading Skill ................................................................................. 50
Table 4.7. The Contribution Analysis of the Variables ..................................... 55

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LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 3.1. Diagram of the Relationship of the Variables ................................. 30
Figure 4.1. Sentence Structure Histogram ......................................................... 44
Figure 4.2. Sentence Structure Polygon ............................................................. 44
Figure 4.3. Self-Esteem Histogram .................................................................... 45
Figure 4.4. Self-Esteem Polygon ....................................................................... 45
Figure 4.5. Reading Skill Histogram .................................................................. 46
Figure 4.6. Reading Skill Polygon ..................................................................... 47

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LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1. List of Students Joining Try Out ................................................... 79
Appendix 2. List of Students Joining the Test ................................................... 80
Appendix 3. The Blueprint of Sentence Structure Mastery (Try Out) ............... 81
Appendix 4. The Instrument of Sentence Structure Mastery (Try Out) ............ 82
Appendix 5. The Answer Key of Sentence Structure Mastery (Try Out) .......... 90
Appendix 6. Student’s Worksheet of Sentence Structure (Try Out) .................. 91
Appendix 7. The Blueprint of Sentence Structure Mastery (Test) .................... 99
Appendix 8. The Instrument of Sentence Structure Mastery (Test) .................. 100
Appendix 9. The Answer Key of Sentence Structure Mastery (Test) ................ 106
Appendix 10. Student’s Worksheet of Sentence Structure Mastery (Test) ........107
Appendix 11. The Blueprint of Self-Esteem (Try Out) .................................. 113
Appendix 12. The Instrument of Self-Esteem (Try Out) ................................ 114
Appendix 13. Student’s Worksheet of Self-Esteem (Try Out) ....................... 117
Appendix 14. The Blueprint of Self-Esteem (Test) ........................................ 120
Appendix 15. The Instrument of Self-Esteem (Test) ...................................... 121
Appendix 16. Student’s Worksheet of Self-Esteem (Test) ............................. 123
Appendix 17. The Blueprint of Reading Skill (Try Out) ................................ 125
Appendix 18. The Instrument of Reading Skill (Try Out) .............................. 126
Appendix 19. The Answer Key of Reading Skill (Try Out) ........................... 139
Appendix 20. Student’s Worksheet of Reading Skill (Try Out) ..................... 140
Appendix 21. The Blueprint of Reading Skill (Test) ...................................... 154
Appendix 22. The Instrument of Reading Skill (Test) .................................... 155
Appendix 23. The Answer Key of Reading Skill (Test) ................................. 166
Appendix 24. Student’s Worksheet of Reading Skill (Test) ........................... 167
Appendix 25. Validity and Reliability Test of Sentence Structure Mastery ... 178
Appendix 26. Validity and Reliability Test of Self-Esteem ........................... 182
Appendix 27. Validity and Reliability Test of Reading Skill ......................... 187
Appendix 28. The Main Data of Students’ Sentence Structure Mastery (X1), SelfEsteem (X2), and Reading Skill (Y) ................................................................ 191
Appendix 29. Frequency Distribution of the Variables .................................. 192
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Appendix 30. Normality Test of Sentence Structure Mastery (X1) Data ........ 196
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Appendix 31. Normality Test of Self-Esteem (X2) Data ................................ 197
Appendix 32. Normality Test of Reading Skill (Y) Data ............................... 198
Appendix 33. Linearity and Significance of Regression ................................ 199
Appendix 34. The Multiple Correlation of Sentence Structure Mastery (X1) and
Self-Esteem (X2) Simultaneously and Reading Skill (Y) ............................... 202
Appendix 35. Analysis of Single Correlation ................................................. 203
Appendix 36. The Multiple Linear Regression of Sentence Structure Mastery (X1)
and Self-Esteem (X2) Simultaneously and Reading Skill (Y) ........................ 205
Appendix 37. The Computation of Relative and Effective Contribution ....... 206
Appendix 38. r Table ....................................................................................... 207
Appendix 39. Standard Normal Distribution Table ........................................ 208
Appendix 40. L Table ..................................................................................... 209
Appendix 41. t Table ....................................................................................... 210
Appendix 42. F Table ...................................................................................... 211
Appendix 43. Legalizations ............................................................................ 212

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