Institutional Repository | Satya Wacana Christian University: Efficiency of Small-and Medium-sized Tofu Enterprises (SME) in Salatiga using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)
Efficiency of Small- and Medium-sized
Tofu Enterprises (SME) in Salatiga
using Data Envelopment Analysis
(DEA)
Tesis
Oleh
Purwanto
972010019
Magister Sistem Informasi
Fakultas Teknologi Informasi
Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana
Salatiga
Mei 2014
KATA PENGANTAR
Puji dan syukur kepada Tuhan Yesus Kristus dengan kasih
sayang-Nya sehingga tesis “Efficiency of Small- and Medium-sized
Tofu Enterprises (SME) in Salatiga using Data Envelopment
Analysis (DEA)” dapat selesai dikerjakan. Secara khusus peneliti
ingin menyampaikan ucapan terimakasih kepada :
1.
Bapak Dr. Dharmaputra Taludangga Palekahelu, M.Pd selaku
Dekan Fakultas Teknologi Informasi, Universitas Kristen Satya
Wacana Salatiga.
2.
Bapak Prof. Dr. Ir. Eko Sediyono, M.Kom., selaku Ketua
Program Studi Magister Sistem Informasi Fakultas Teknologi
Informasi Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana Salatiga.
3.
Bapak
Prof. Ir. Danny Manongga, M.Sc., Ph.D. dan Ibu M. A.
Ineke Pakereng, M.Kom. sebagai pembimbing.
4.
Semua Dosen, Staff dan Karyawan Fakultas Teknologi
Informasi, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana, terimakasih atas
bantuan dan kerjasamanya.
5.
Semua Dosen, dan Staff Magister Sistem Informasi Fakultas
Teknologi Informasi, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana,
terimakasih atas bantuan dan kerjasamanya.
6.
Semua teman-teman angkatan 5 MSI FTI.
7.
Istriku Tercinta Yohanna Dhuhitaningtyas Yuniwi Jaya,
terimakasih untuk semuanya.
8.
Ibu Lidya Sumiatun, Ibu Ngatini, Bapak Rukimin, terimakasih
doanya.
iv
9.
Teman-Teman Prodi Komputerisasi Akuntansi, terimakasih
atas dukungannya.
Sebagai sebuah karya, tentu tidak ada yang sempurna. Untuk
itu peneliti mohon saran dan kritik yang membangun, semoga tesis
ini berguna bagi para pembaca.
Salatiga Mei 2014
Purwanto
v
DAFTAR ISI
Halaman Judul ..................................................................................
i
Halaman Pengesahan ........................................................................
ii
Halaman Pernyataan .........................................................................
iii
Kata Pengantar ..................................................................................
iv
Daftar Isi ...........................................................................................
vi
Daftar Tabel ......................................................................................
vii
Daftar Gambar...................................................................................
vi
Daftar Lampiran ................................................................................
ix
ABSTRACT ......................................................................................
1
1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................
1
2. LITERATURE REVIEW .............................................................
2
2.1. The Previous Studies .............................................................
2
2.2. The Definition of SME ..........................................................
2
2.3. Performance and Efficiency Measurement ...........................
2
2.4. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) ......................................
3
2.5. Frontier Analyst ....................................................................
4
3. THE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .........................................
4
3.1. Data Identification ................................................................
4
3.2. Data Processing and Analysis ..............................................
4
3.3. Data Collecting and Processing ............................................
5
4. FINDINGS
................................................................................
6
4.1. Data Analysis ........................................................................
6
4.2. Improvement Scenario based on Efficiency score ................
7
5. CONCLUSION .............................................................................
9
6. REFERENCES .............................................................................
9
7. Lampiran
11
................................................................................
vi
DAFTAR TABEL
Table 1. SME Income Criteria ..........................................................
2
Table 2. The Number of Input and Output of each Tafu Enterprise in
Salatiga in 2013 per day......................................................
5
Table 3. Relative Productivity Value of each SME ..........................
6
Table 4. Recommendation for Inefficient SMEs in Increasing
Condition. ...........................................................................
7
Table 5. Recommendation for Inefficient SMEs in Decreasing
Condition. ...........................................................................
8
Table 6. SME Peer Group .................................................................
9
vii
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Figure 1: Overall Efficiency Graph ..................................................
6
Figure 2: Technical Efficiency Graph ...............................................
6
Figure 3: Scale Efficiency Graph ......................................................
6
Figure 4: The Graph of CRS Efficiency Distribution .......................
7
Figure 5: The Graph of VRS Efficiency Distribution .......................
7
Figure 6: SME Peer Group Graph ....................................................
9
viii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1: Acceptance Letter .........................................................
11
Lampiran 2: Pengolahan Data ...........................................................
12
ix
ABSTRACT
The rise of US Dollars exchange rate to Rupiah in September 2013 has had an impact on all industries in
Indonesia, especially tofu enterprises. The rising prices of raw materials require them to have an ability to
survive and remain competitive. Productivity is one of the main indicators to estimate the ability to survive and
compete. They have to be able to maximize the output utilizing the limited resources (input). Data Envelopment
Analysis (DEA) using Banxia Frontier Analysis 3 Software helps to evaluate relative productivity of several
Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SME). The samples of this research are 31 of 66 Tofu SMEs in Salatiga.
Constant Return to Scale (CRS) and Variable Return to Scale (VRS) models oriented in the output were used in
this research. The finding shows that 2 SMEs were efficient in overall, 4 SMEs were efficient in scale, 8 SMEs
were technically efficient and 23 SMEs were inefficient. For those which are inefficient can refer to the efficient
SMEs to improve their efficiency by lessening input factors and maximizing output factors.
General Terms
Computer Science
Keywords
SME, Efficiency, Data Envelopment Analysis, Frontier Analyst, Mathematic Programming, Operation Research.
1
Tofu Enterprises (SME) in Salatiga
using Data Envelopment Analysis
(DEA)
Tesis
Oleh
Purwanto
972010019
Magister Sistem Informasi
Fakultas Teknologi Informasi
Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana
Salatiga
Mei 2014
KATA PENGANTAR
Puji dan syukur kepada Tuhan Yesus Kristus dengan kasih
sayang-Nya sehingga tesis “Efficiency of Small- and Medium-sized
Tofu Enterprises (SME) in Salatiga using Data Envelopment
Analysis (DEA)” dapat selesai dikerjakan. Secara khusus peneliti
ingin menyampaikan ucapan terimakasih kepada :
1.
Bapak Dr. Dharmaputra Taludangga Palekahelu, M.Pd selaku
Dekan Fakultas Teknologi Informasi, Universitas Kristen Satya
Wacana Salatiga.
2.
Bapak Prof. Dr. Ir. Eko Sediyono, M.Kom., selaku Ketua
Program Studi Magister Sistem Informasi Fakultas Teknologi
Informasi Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana Salatiga.
3.
Bapak
Prof. Ir. Danny Manongga, M.Sc., Ph.D. dan Ibu M. A.
Ineke Pakereng, M.Kom. sebagai pembimbing.
4.
Semua Dosen, Staff dan Karyawan Fakultas Teknologi
Informasi, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana, terimakasih atas
bantuan dan kerjasamanya.
5.
Semua Dosen, dan Staff Magister Sistem Informasi Fakultas
Teknologi Informasi, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana,
terimakasih atas bantuan dan kerjasamanya.
6.
Semua teman-teman angkatan 5 MSI FTI.
7.
Istriku Tercinta Yohanna Dhuhitaningtyas Yuniwi Jaya,
terimakasih untuk semuanya.
8.
Ibu Lidya Sumiatun, Ibu Ngatini, Bapak Rukimin, terimakasih
doanya.
iv
9.
Teman-Teman Prodi Komputerisasi Akuntansi, terimakasih
atas dukungannya.
Sebagai sebuah karya, tentu tidak ada yang sempurna. Untuk
itu peneliti mohon saran dan kritik yang membangun, semoga tesis
ini berguna bagi para pembaca.
Salatiga Mei 2014
Purwanto
v
DAFTAR ISI
Halaman Judul ..................................................................................
i
Halaman Pengesahan ........................................................................
ii
Halaman Pernyataan .........................................................................
iii
Kata Pengantar ..................................................................................
iv
Daftar Isi ...........................................................................................
vi
Daftar Tabel ......................................................................................
vii
Daftar Gambar...................................................................................
vi
Daftar Lampiran ................................................................................
ix
ABSTRACT ......................................................................................
1
1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................
1
2. LITERATURE REVIEW .............................................................
2
2.1. The Previous Studies .............................................................
2
2.2. The Definition of SME ..........................................................
2
2.3. Performance and Efficiency Measurement ...........................
2
2.4. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) ......................................
3
2.5. Frontier Analyst ....................................................................
4
3. THE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .........................................
4
3.1. Data Identification ................................................................
4
3.2. Data Processing and Analysis ..............................................
4
3.3. Data Collecting and Processing ............................................
5
4. FINDINGS
................................................................................
6
4.1. Data Analysis ........................................................................
6
4.2. Improvement Scenario based on Efficiency score ................
7
5. CONCLUSION .............................................................................
9
6. REFERENCES .............................................................................
9
7. Lampiran
11
................................................................................
vi
DAFTAR TABEL
Table 1. SME Income Criteria ..........................................................
2
Table 2. The Number of Input and Output of each Tafu Enterprise in
Salatiga in 2013 per day......................................................
5
Table 3. Relative Productivity Value of each SME ..........................
6
Table 4. Recommendation for Inefficient SMEs in Increasing
Condition. ...........................................................................
7
Table 5. Recommendation for Inefficient SMEs in Decreasing
Condition. ...........................................................................
8
Table 6. SME Peer Group .................................................................
9
vii
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Figure 1: Overall Efficiency Graph ..................................................
6
Figure 2: Technical Efficiency Graph ...............................................
6
Figure 3: Scale Efficiency Graph ......................................................
6
Figure 4: The Graph of CRS Efficiency Distribution .......................
7
Figure 5: The Graph of VRS Efficiency Distribution .......................
7
Figure 6: SME Peer Group Graph ....................................................
9
viii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1: Acceptance Letter .........................................................
11
Lampiran 2: Pengolahan Data ...........................................................
12
ix
ABSTRACT
The rise of US Dollars exchange rate to Rupiah in September 2013 has had an impact on all industries in
Indonesia, especially tofu enterprises. The rising prices of raw materials require them to have an ability to
survive and remain competitive. Productivity is one of the main indicators to estimate the ability to survive and
compete. They have to be able to maximize the output utilizing the limited resources (input). Data Envelopment
Analysis (DEA) using Banxia Frontier Analysis 3 Software helps to evaluate relative productivity of several
Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SME). The samples of this research are 31 of 66 Tofu SMEs in Salatiga.
Constant Return to Scale (CRS) and Variable Return to Scale (VRS) models oriented in the output were used in
this research. The finding shows that 2 SMEs were efficient in overall, 4 SMEs were efficient in scale, 8 SMEs
were technically efficient and 23 SMEs were inefficient. For those which are inefficient can refer to the efficient
SMEs to improve their efficiency by lessening input factors and maximizing output factors.
General Terms
Computer Science
Keywords
SME, Efficiency, Data Envelopment Analysis, Frontier Analyst, Mathematic Programming, Operation Research.
1