Cahyono Ihsan FT 2009
fSBN NO
:9794984574
Proceeding of
International Conference on Rehabilitation and
Maintenance in Civil Engineering ( ICRMCE )
1"
2l-22 march zt}grsbloo Indonesia
Edited by :
Kusno Adi Sambowo
Sholihin As'ad
Ary Setytwan
S.A. Kristiawan
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Sehlas
Setiono
llrret Linircnity ifirililryofPublto
(uNstub)
Yuseph
Wotuhemdr
in ollrbontion with :
s(IT
Syaf i
llluslih
Organizing Committee
Advisors
Dean Faculty of Engineering, Uni. Sebelas Maret
Dean Faculty of Engineering, Uni. Chulalongkorn
Head of Pusbiktek Ministry of Public Work, lndonesia
Head of Post Graduate Program in Rehabilitation
and Maintenance Civil Eng. Uni. Sebelas Maret
Head of Civil Engineering Dept. Uni. Sebelas Maret
Chairman
Co-Chairman
Dr. Sholihin As'ad
Dr. Agus P. Rahmadi
Member
Dr. Ary Setyawan,
Fajar S Handayani, I'IIT
Edy Purwanto, MT
Endah Safiti, MT
Setiono, MSc
Dr. S.A. Kristiawan,
Djoko Sarwono, MT
Djumari, MT
Dr. Kusno Adi Sambowo.
Dr. Eng. Syafei
Solichin, MT
.Yusep Muslich, MT
Ir. Siti Qomariyah, MSc
Pungki Pramesti, MT
Senot Sangaji, MT
Bambang Setiawan, MT
Wibowo, DEA
Sunarmasto, MT
Sttrdents College Committee
Reki Arbianto
Gopta Andhika Pratama
Annisa Kusumawti
Ariesita Putri P
Dina Rachmayati
Irma Trianawati Y
Ratna Dwiyani N
Ferdian Agung N
Awaludin F Aryanto
Setyo Purnomo Y
Muhammad Agus F.
Samuri
Saptadhi Sampurno
Istiqomah Nur'IJbaY
Meirawati Dwi JaYd
Akhyaarul Umam AzzaqY
Sony Irawan
Nugroho RaharP
Ministry of Public Works Indonesia's Committee
Hasto Agoeng Sapoetro, SIMT.
Ir. Agus Sutopo, MT
Bambang Ari Amarto, ST
Nugroho Wuritomo, ST., MT.
Anjar Pramularsih, ST
Dra. Sri Musri Ambarukmi, MT
Dra. Nurul FuadiYah
Muhadl S.Sos, M.Pd
Indrawan, SE, M.Pd
Umar Effendi, SH
Rumadi
Kambali
Nursanudin
Preface
The objective of the l't International conference of Rehabilitation
and Maintenance
Civil Engineering (rcRMcE) is to provide the forum and to initiate a network for in
the
engineers, academicians, government agencies and practitioners in
exchanging the ideas
and experiences, technological advancement and innovation related
to rehabilitation and
maintenance in civil engineering.
This event has been responded positively by the engineers, academicians, governments
agency and practitioners. Since its first announcement on last SeptembJr
200g, the
organizing committee has received 92 abstracts from nine countries -and finally
66 full
papers could be presented in this conference proceeding.
The topics of papers are divided into fifteen groups of sub-theme. Those are (a)
Special
experiences on building and infrastructure rehabilitation and maintenance, (b) Advanced
Technology on Building and Infrastructure Rehabilitation Technique, (c). Assessment
of
Building and Infrastructure Perfonnance, (d) Assessnr€nt of Builiing anA Infrastructure
Performance Related to Natural Hazard, (e) Smart Material -for Building and
Infrastructures Repair (Including Material Development for Building and Infrastructures),
(f) Building and Infrastructure Damage Assessment, (g) Building and Infrastructure
Maintenance Strategy, (h)Testing and Inspection, (i) Restoration, preservation,
Rehabilitation and Maintenance of Historic Building, (i). Management on Building and
Infrastructure Maintenance, (k) Building and Infrastructure Service Life Modeling, (n)
Code on building and infrastructure rehabilitation and maintenance (o) Others.
This event is organized by the Department of Civil Engineering of Sebelas Maret
University (UNS-Solo), School of Rehabilitation and Maintenance in lnfrastructure of
Post Graduate Program of Civil Engineering, Sebelas Maret University (UNS-Solo) and
the Minisry of Public Works of Republic lndonesia with the supporting panner
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Indonesian Society for Building Maintenance
(HAPBI) and University of Chulalongkorn.
On behalf of the organizing committee I would like to thank the institution parfirers, the
all the committee
members, the Civil Engineering Service (CES) and the Association of Civil Engineering
students (HMS) of sebelas Maret university (uNS-Solo) for their great support.
speakers and the paper contributors, the sponsors, the media partners,
Solo,
2l't March 2009.
Dr. Sholihin As'ad
Chairman of the Organizing Committee of
l" Intemational Conference on Rehabilitation and Maintenance in Civil Engineering (ICRMCE)
Table of Contents
A. Special Experiences on Building and Infrastructure Rehabilitation and Maintenance
A1. Port Pier Condition Survey and Maintenance
of SepangarBayOilTerminal, KotaKinabalu....
A2. Rehabilitation and Rearrangement of the Old Insurance
Buildingin OmarAlmuktarStreet
Benghazi-Libya.
43. Retrofitting of School Building to protect school children
fromEarthquake..
.........1
...........11
............19
Rehabilitation of Buildings in The City of Manokwari
and Samarinda Indonesia.. ..
.......25
A5. Deformation Behavior of Main Dike of Sidoarjo Mud volcano...... ...........31
,A.4.
B. Advanced Technology on Building and Infrastructure Rehabilitation Technique
B 1. Cunent Practices on Cement Rendering in Australia
. ... ...39
83. comparison BetweenZd and 3d computer Modeling for Frexural
Rehabilitation of Steel structures with Hm-cfrp and steer sheet.
........49
B12. Numerical Study on rhe Effects of Hm-Cfrp End Cutting
Shapes for Flexural Rehabilitation of Steel Structtres..
........58
B 13. Introduction of Repairing and Joining Methods for Simply-Supported
Prestressed Bridges Using Link Slab.
.... ........66
814. Utilization of Fibre Admixture in Improving the Geotechnical Properties
of Volcanic Soil....
..........74
C. Assessment of building and infrastructure performance
Cl. Box Beams Subjected to Combined Load, Snapping
byExternalPrestressing......
and Strengthening
C2. A Comparative Study of Models for Confinement of Concrete
........81
by Welded Wire Mesh
. .. . .. . ..90
C5. A Study of Fiber Contribution to Generate Ductility
of Lightweight Concrete......
.....101
C7. The Influence of Roughness Base Apron Toward the Icngth
of Hydraulic Jump.
...109
C9. Durability of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Panel
for Modular Housing Consruction.. . ...
...119
Cl l. Reconstruction of Reinforcement Modelling for Prevent the Early Failure
of Deep Beam Reinforced Concrete.
. ....127
C13. The Study of Structural Performance Under ftitigue Cyclic loading.. ........136
Cl4.Influence of Confinement Modifications on Axial Capacity
of Reinforced
Concrete
c15. strenght Assessement of
Column.
a
.. . ..
.
.I45
Heritage Brick Masonry school Building
AgainstEarthquake
.........151
Cl6. Plastic Shrinkage Crack Analysis in One Way Reinforced Concrete Slabs ;
Artificial Neural Network (ANNs).
......163
C19. Comparison of the New Zipper Brace System Behavior with Inverted V-Brace
in Elastic Z.ane in Simple Steel Frames Using the Finite Element Method.........168
D. Assessment of Building and Infrastructure Performance Related to Nafural Hazard
D1. Earthquake Vulnerabilityof Residential Houses in Yogyakarta City.
D3. Seismic Evaluation with Pushover Analysis on Assesment of 7-Story
InegularBuilding....
.........I75
.........183
D4. Influence of Reinforced Concrete Column Section Dimensions
.......190
on Pushover Capacity of 4-Story School Building.
D6. Fire Resistance Requirement in Medium Size Room
Study the Effect of Ventilation Scenarios and Compartment Boundaries ......198
E. Smart Material for Building and Infrastructures Repair (Including Material
Development for Building and Infrastructures)
El.
The Potentials of Geopolymer for Rapid-Set High-Strength Cement
...204
in Concrete
EL.TheAdvantage of Nylon Mesh for Beam Confinement Smart Material
""""208
for Beam
B[. The Influence of Accelerator Content against Shotcrete Compressive Strengttr,
" '213
Absorption and Porosity as Structure
Containing
Concrete
of
Blended
Penetration
to
Chloride
E5. Resistance
Repair.
Repair.
Reinforcement.
Rice Husk Ash: A
Review...
""""'2I8
E6. Study Of Using Lime And Recycled Asphalt Pavement In Stabilizing Soil... ---.....225
E8. Beach Sand in
""230
-,240
and
Cement
Asphalt
of
on
Ageing
E10. Effects of AntiOxidants
...247
to
El1. Evaluation of Porous Asphalt Mix Properties Subjected
El4. Different Methods of Cruing in Concrete Technology, Maintenance
Mortar...
Mixes.
Ageing
Strengthen.....
" "252
Application,
Slab
in
Concrete
E15. Different Percentage of Bagass and Hair of Goat
""257
PSC Reduction and Strengthen.
E16. The Behavior of Clay Brick Masonry Wall with Glass Fiber
and
Reinforced Polymer Strengthening......
E17. Use of Flowable High Strength Mortar as a Repair Material
for Sustainable Engineering Construction...
E18. The Advantage of Waste Paper Sludge in Building Material.
" '262
"'269
... .. . .. ..277
:.
F.
Buitding and Infrastructure Damage Assessment
Fl.
The Damage Assessment of Weirs Along the 10-km Reach of River Tanggek
and The Proposed Rehabilitation
...........286
Method.
F2. Structural Damage Assessment of a Shear Building under
Earthquake
F3. Damage Detection of Frame
F4. A Case Study of Structural Assessment of Steel Stnrcnre Subjected
to Differential Settlement of Foundation.
Excitations
Structures.
......296
....302
G. Building and Infrastructure Maintenance Strategy
Gl. Analysis of Faulty Designs Causing Construction Defects
on Public School Building in lndonesia and Its Relationships
with Rehabilitation
Priorities.
.....321
G3. Maintenance Strategy: A Case Study in the Defect Types
....330
and Maintenance Management System of Hostel
G4. Effect of Decentralisation on Maintenance Road Ranking Criteria
.........340
at Badung Regency of
G5. Evaluation of Decentralized Communal Wastewater Treatment in Yogyakarta......346
Buildings.
Bali.
H. Testing and Inspection
Hl . The Measurement of Water Content of GranulerSoil Using A Gypsum Block. . . . . ..355
...359
H2. The Benefit If Gypsum Block for Measuring Soil Water Content.
H3. Karst Material Characteristics and Geotechnical Assessment on Construction
.......366
of Bribin Underground River Barrag.
H4. Hydraulic Fracturing Test on the Clay Core of Rockfill Dam
........374
on Various Fine Contents.. ..
J. Management on
Building and Infrastructure Maintenance
Jl. A Study on Quality Cost Awareness in Civil Engineering Rehabilihation and
Maintenance Programmes (A Case Study on Malaysia Construction Industry).......382
.....
....391
J2. Preliminary Study on Building Maintenance and Operation Contract..
J4. Minimizing Water Deficit Using Three Risk Indices on Existing Irrigation Water
Management.....
.........401
J6. The Farmer's Participation in the Maintenance of Inigation Network to Support
the Sustainability of the lrrigation System (Case Study in The Irrigation Area of
Bondoyudo)......
J7. Highway Maintenance: A Case Study in the Defect Types and Maintenance
Management of Asphalt Pavement
........407
...414
K. Building and Infrastructure Service Life Modeling
Kl.
Service Life Prediction of Partial Pre-stressed Concrete Structures in a Marine
Environment
....423
K3. Quantifying the Reliability of Limited Site lnvestigations on the Design of Pile
Foundations......
N.
Code on Building and
......430
Infrastructure Rehabilitation and Maintenance
Nl. A National
Standard for Seismic Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings
....................438
Why We Do Not Have It To Date?...
O. Other
Swot Analysis of Small Scale Contractor: A Surakarta Case
Study
.........448
II\IVITED SPBAKERS
Architectural Concrete And Concrete Monuments : Harald S. Miiller,
..............452
EdgarBohner & Michael Voge1........
Repair of
A Settlement Damaged Office Building :
l, I. Sulaiman', C.Li.', Atyatttho
........'....""'459
S. Darmawan
Assessment and Repair/Strengthening of
L
t*,
Irnran
ld lntematlonal Contercnca on Fehabllltatlon
and Malntenance In Clvlt Englnecrlng (|CRMCE)
Solo,21.22 March 2mO
ISBN No.979,4984574
THE INFLUENCE OF ROUGHNESS BASE APRON TOWARD
THE LENGTH OF HYDRAULIC JUMP
Cahyono'lkhsan
r),solichin
2)
Civil Engineering Dept, Sebetas Maret lJniversityl)
va.h.oo -?
E m a i t : ca hv o n o L97.! ?
? rll _ _ 2 )
^
Civil Engineering Dept, Sebelas Maret Universi1r
.
Email : sol'tchin-S73l 3 @yahoo'com
Abstract
design of spillway building is erosion
The important thing that should be noted in planning a
ttreihydrautic
of
becausl
lump' To avoid this' commonly
that happens in the bottom of spillway
rarely the apron is lgsigned P holg
in the downstream of aam is eiuipped by apron. However,
a very big cost' Therefore' it is a need to set
the total length of hydru"fi":ttitpd""auie ii needs
the intervals between jumps' This research
a jump contol equipment , ifti.tt it used to shorten
jump
happening above the apron, which has
was trying to study the characteristics of hydraulic
the hyhraulic jirmp and Lnogy reduction.The method that
a roughness uur", op."i"tiy
"uout
using a flume to make the flow
was used in this research was laborato.y "^p"ti-In"ntul by
model in which- in its
spillway
circularion. To raise tfre fryarautic jump, ihere was a
by the roughness
covered
was
apron
the
ttt" bur" of
downstream *as equipp-ed uy
and
prisms'
"pton.
triangle
ion*tant
were
which
elements with its threl form variations,
-balls to
effective
that the using of the roughness element was
d;lt-.C"n"lusion from me anatysis
jump
anO the red'uction of energy' The using of roughness
shorten the length of fryAruufic
piir*, the most effective to shorten the length of hydraulic
element in form ot"onrlrrt
-*tti"tt
2123%. This was based on that the roughness
jump and reduction oi"n"rgy
(k)'
prisms has the biggest roughness parameter value
element in form or
ri*ir"
which is 0.08630.
*".
"or,rtuJ"ttiangle
Keyword: apron, hydraulic jump, roughness parameter
1.
BACKGROUND
Flow denaturing fiom flow superkritis
becomes flow subkritis to cause the
happening of hydraulic jump. This condition
ot."d:n met at leg PelimPah because
transformation of dip of passage basis that is
jump
sudden. The happening of hydraulic
which
always is accompanied with turbulensi
is hign, dynamiC speed and the increasing of
watei eOdy causing causes the happening of
erosion oi grinder alongside place of the
happening oi hop' To prevent the happening
of-grinder resulted from by hydraulic jYtp'
utu-utly in going downstream pelimpah is
equiped [bY] coven floor or aPron
This research aim to know how influence
form and roughness height (k) apron basis to
hydraulic jump length and kehilanpnan of
dissociation energy of diatomic is gone
downstream tbyl pelimpah' This elite
expected earns ii of benefit to expansion of
theory in hydraulics area especiilly about
hydraulic jump and can give consideration in
exploiting of hydraulic jump as dissociatlon
o1 diatomic absorber causing is got
"n"rgy
solut-ibn of making of efficient and effective
dissociation energy
building
of
diatomic absorber
part
Ranga Raju ( 1986) phrases big head at
(
speed
yields.big
pelimpah
of pate;upstream
in ionsequence of flow superkritis) acurate
(the
under thsbuilding. While flow part of it
because
subkritis
flow
downstream becomes
sloping dip
109
in
passage basis hereinafter'
t
r hterndhn4f GoqtFwrcg..pn Refiaburdbn
anC:lldoHrange In QlvllrElt€f nerlng' QGRTGE)
qeb,
2l'U
IS-BN
N9..97H98{57'4
March ?00e
Losing of head can be because of boundary
friction
(
boundary friction) and
f,orm
resistance ( form resistance).
Utomo ( 20M) performs [a] research about
usage effectivity of stilling basin type fV in
damping excessive dissociation energy of
diatomic at part of downstream with addition
of baffle piers bobrbentuk always with three
kinds of surface shape bebeda. Result of
research shows baffle piers with form of
basin is which most effective in lessening
hydraulic jump length, yields olakan and
breaks biggest dissociation energy of
diatomic.
Hager ( 1992) phrases if element pengotrol
like baffleblock ( collision tooth) outspread is
of all tbyl passage basis place of the
happening ef hop, hence reference the thing
can a hydraulic jumphappened is on the basis
of passage with element of roughness
Flow Discard
Number of fluids flowing through crosssection of flow every one set of time called as
flow debit is given [by] notation Q. Charged
flow mgasured in fluid volume every set of
time, Inveterate unit is used iq practice is
meter cubic per second ( m /s) or other unit (
liter/detih liter/menit etcetera).
In ideal fluid where not happened friction of
speed of flow V is same is every [by] point at
cross-section. For nantre passage like regulus,
speed of flow is calculated based on plane
speed - plane taken away from by real
kecepata profile.
Open Channel.
Open flow hardly influenced by ground
aCceleration of gravity, on that account flow
characteristics at open jetting can be studied
by the way of comparing inertia force with
gravitational force working for the flow'
-omparison between both this forces called
as
Hydraulic jump
Hydraulic jump happened in the event of
transformation of flow super-kritis becomes
flow sub-kritis. Condition of like this often
met in passage basis experiencing
transformation of dip suddenly like the one
happened at leg a pelimpah. Hydraulic jump
would always in following turbulensi which
is high, dynamic speed and the increasing of
water eddy.
In Chow ( 1989) mentioned that a hydraulic
jump will be formed at passage if number
froude flow ( Fr), depth upriver hop d and
depth in going downstream d hop to fulfill
equation of continuitY following
,-
L= /Vdt+8Fr2
-r) ...........(z)
L'
d"
Energy loss
Energy loss at hydraulic jump is difference
between specific energies happened at
hydraulic jump staninf points ( El) and
hydraulic jump end point ( E2). Simply can
be formulated as follows:
gp=(d, , d,)t
4di2
......(3)
Roughness Parameter
Rajaritnam introduces high formula of
roughness ( k) that is
k=k, /dr
k,
d|
: High equivalen of roughness
: DePth aPProach to element
of
roughness
Bilangan Froude ( Fr) and expressed with:
Pr=l
(1)
Figurel. Hidraulik Jump In Rugged
,l sd
Fr
v
g
d
Basis
: Number Froude'
Flow mean velocity
: Gravitational force
: Depth hidraulik
:
110
Passage
ld lntematlona! Conlerunce on Rehabllltatlon
and llalntonance In Clvll Englnerlng 0CRllCE)
src/,o,21-2. March2009
ISBN No.979{98457-4
If
d2ldr was function of from value Froude (
searched with
Fr) hence value k can be
equation of continuity
d2
dL
= Fr +0,41(Fr
- 1)exp(-6k)
........(4)
2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES
In this research applied method eksperimental
that is by the way of performing [a]
experiment activity in laboraturium to get
data wanted. After performing [a] activity
eksperimental then data result of
of
the
experiment diolah for then is done analysis to
result of eksperimental. In skematis research
path as seen at Fig.2.
Executidn of Assaying at model is done with
measuring water face height upriver
hydraulic jump ( d ), water face height in
going dpwnstream hydraulic jump ( d ) and
hydraulic jump length ( Irvator skapula). To
be more sharpness presented in Fig. 3
111
1r hrndonC Conblucaoo f,#|lra$on
and llalntenmcsln GMI Englneelng {CRMCE)
W,21-2.
ISBN
March2009
No.379-49&457{
.
reparation
Sffib.tefiP-D of measuring Q
Se ries assaying
1gti3yal*t d,
d,
Celculates Debit
fu
Series assayins IIg' I[a'
IIE ; lettng et f rewod( with
eplon aPPlies roughness
I: Data
and
t
Data rettieval ' dr
,L
(ff, Fr
d.t.,,''p
gEIgs^;$*.,{U.
Mrkrs greph ntation betnreen d.t".*.C *ifr
di
darr
ud'and
d^-. .and(ltithd-td.
Caf
cufater IJd 2&fi HLId
I
and
Makes graph elaton betnreen f*r**$ti,hJ'/d"
d,/d, v'it]'l. HUd,
fuf
graph the relalion of k raith
"L"t
dJd), IJdaQAfl''HUdl
Figure 2. Research Flow Diagram
L
dz
dt
Figure 3. Execution Scheme of Research
112
idtntematlonalconf eronc!onRehqb-lllltloil
riiiit"iiii"'m
"no
crtrr Enelneerlns $.cRl'igFl
20o9
5olo,21'22 March
ISBN No.979-{98-{574
water accornodated measurable of
volume causing is assumed correctness'
at
its(the
3. ANALYSIS AND SOLUTION
1
Result Of Calibration
Measuring Instrument of
3.
instrument is charging
r,nit"tri" unknJwn bench are there damlee
of calculation
;*;;;.- D;" and result
of debit
instrument
calibration of measuring
presented at Tabel 1'
*frit" ."uturin!
of
Debit'
l
Debit
Calibration of measuring instrument ^of
at
read
it Aon" by comparing debit result ofgaugmg
of
hvdraulic bench with debit result
it obtained an equation of
;iil;;;ting
applicable to calculate level
assume
debit closing truth' First pace l:
.""ii""iry whici
of
ittui guuging Jr o"uit at flume by
;;;a;d
"l'tino"t
is
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
8.0
7.9
10
10
t0
ro |
r0 I
7.6
10
10
6.84
6.04
6.84
'7.35
7.O9
6.58
7.35
7.37
8.64
7.35
7.35
1.8
1.8
1.6
2
0
o
1.8
1.8
1.8
0
0
o
1.8
1.8
1.8
0
0
1.8
1.8
4
8.90
8.64
8.90
1.09
,)
1.10
o:!!9!!!
0.0018
0.9
0.9
0.0017
8
6
7
1.1
1.1
0.0016
0
0
7
1.1
1.1
0.0015
0
2
8
5
0.0016
4
0.0016
3
0.0015
1.8
1.1
1.1
0.0015
2
4
:)
6
2
1.8
1.8
1.8
t.2
r.2
0.0014
2
2
2
5
5
3
l.u
1.8
t.2
1.4
0.0013
1.8
5
5
0.0013
6
0.0012
0
L6
8.38
0.99
2
0
1.8
0lI
1.19
t.20
2
r.25
1
0.0014
8
1.8
t.4
1.4
0.0012
2
5
5
3
t.45
1.8
1.4
1.4
0.0011
2
2
5
)
3
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.6
1.6
0.0010
5
5
1.6
1.8
2
9.4r
9.67
0
2
?,
10.1
10.7
1.8
1.8
1.8
8
10.9
0
10.1
8
0
0
0
10.7
10.7
1.6
1.8
1.8
6
0
0
0
0
0
7.i lrolg'+t
7.7
6.06
6.06
6.84
10
5.81
6.32
5.81
10
5.81
5.55
5.55
10
instrumen!
bration of
Tablel.Data@
8.6
ustng
correctness' Because
113
1.61
1.61
5
1.6
1.6
0.0009
1.65
I
5
7
t.7
0.0009
1.78
1.7
8
4
3
7
5
0.0012
I
0.0011
1
0.0011
0
0.0010
2
1d tntematlonal Conferencs on Rehabllltatlon
and Malntenance In Clvll Englneerlng QCRMCE)
Solo,21-22 March 2009
ISBN No. .979{98-4574
Result of calculation at Tabel 1 presented in
the form of graPh like at Fig. 4.
o(mo
o(xllt
oor
!
o0t1
t
E,
oor2
beginning of hop ( d ) and depth in hop final
(
the
d I fufnffs Persamaan ( 23)' To know
value d
conOdon hence need to be searched
with data input d and Fr kedalam Persamaan
( if). n"tuit of calculation d hereinafter in
to
comparing to value d result of gauging
calculation
of
know itsdhe correlation' Result
tf,"" it presented in the form of graph relation
between d z{ni*ns1
with d rrurr,
at Fig' 5
omlo
oqrn
omlo
".(In
oqrt2
Gd)14 (Idn6
QHTbottc Bcnch
figo""
-
c)
(Id)18 oq},l)
(llld)
of
4. Graph Result Of Calibration
75
I
!
Measwing Instrument of Debit
{
Fie. 4 showing relation between debit result
oi?oO at hyJraulic bench with measurable
a"Ui, u, flume. Second connection charged
the is linear, this thing shows measurlng
inr*rn"n of debit to hydraulic bench
applicable to measure flow debit happened'
+
ljii"* equation of a line Y = 0'919X
debit
as
0,-000, b.ruut" axis of the ordinate
as
abscis
the
of
axis
and
flume,
trupp"*O at
of deviceat hydraulic
i"liri"turt of gauging
-the equation
continutty
Uenctr hence
of
+
x
Q = 0,91e Q o'ooo2' At
debit
;;;;;t
!ryn"1"0
lui*iution-rt"t"inafter, flow
value
ai countaUte flume by entering debit
the
to
bench
reaa UV device at hydraulic
equation of continuitY'
3.2 Running Model
3.2.1 Series
S"ti
I
f
tnat is flow applies
65
15
between
has correlation value
with d
This-thing is
) u."of good that is 0'9875'
dl*^u
rr*,,
n
that data yielded
-Seri
Lenuniukan
(
;iluj,*
-p"tiu*oun
dzldt
I in laboraturium
{:".'
^
fulfills
( 23). To know relation between
with Q hence result of calculation
the form
Presented in
between
Q with d /d '
relation
ufro
apron without
i,
of
graPh
a
-
of debit that is Q = 0919 I Q *
in the
6:ooot. By using water depth data. and
gauging
of
resuli
*glitr"I fr nopi dr )
of
qil"liir "alcuiot-iott, countable level( Fr)
number
( V and Froude
inr*t"n
s
to
)
@betweenflowdebit(
Q) with
dz/dl
flow ( Q)
Fie. 6 that ever greater charged
smaller'
J ia *outd
.Value
J"uit t Q) and water dePth il loP
Jiu, u'*ving of series I "p!tl:9,-"'
l;;;"; criterion at break even assayrng
;"il ;;lt"
;;;;t
;fi;ii
hereinafter
beginning of hoP.
il"tnyitoulic jumP will-be joT:o *
;;age
^ o""""o
Figure.5. indicating that relation
flume,-beforehand is measured debit
tpt"d
65
9
debit at
;; ; hYdraulic bench' Flow
comparing
by
gotten
lnAtuufi. Uenctr ( Q )
duratton
Uetween water volumes with the
Flow
Of
ir"onnuirr*te time ( VoUt)' I-evel
entering
JeUit at flume ( Q) obtained by
kedalam iquation of continuity
value Q
-frorn
calibration of measuring
;;;
fL;
= 0,9875
Figure 5. GraPhs relation between
d zeitunil with d r,urr,
level ot rtow
element of roughness' To know
["Uii"t
Ft2
m
if Froudi number ( Fr)' dePth in the
114
Confettnce on Rehabllttatlon
li'aini"nance ln ctvtl Englneerlng 1t-cR.MgFl
2o09
1n Intematlonal
5olo.21-22 March
"no
3.2.2 Series II
in" Rstaying of Series tr that is pangaliran
of
ofpfi". aproi equiped with by element
tiigrtn"tt. Assaying of Series II
consisted:
is
IIA
: applies element of
essaying of Series
roughn"it of triangular prism always'
e*?vi"g of SerieJIIB
roughness gravel.
n*?vi"g
oT Series
IIC
ISBN No'979-498-457'4
which.is
lompared to at this Pengujian Seri I
because at Pengujian Seri II water
pelimpah direct to fill basin (
r*uii"t
Hal in
Fr larger ones compared to
stretch
Pengujian Seri I.
: applies element
of
3.2.4
llydraulic jump LelSth-{lalysis .
Hop length data from result of this assaymg
in a graph, with Froude-number
is
"*p."tt"?
abicissa ( Fr) and its the ordinate
of
Result
IJdz
'
airn"ntioni"ss ratio of
graph
calculation is presented in the form of
relation between Fr with Ud2like
I
I
-at
hydraulic jump- ( HL)
.oun-aUt" based on difference of specific
nn"tgy
loss
hop
energy between starting pointses and
each
of
i6in,. Result of calculation
"nO
jetting series presented in the form of graph
;;i;;i;t between HIJdI with dz /dr like at
Fig. 8,9, 10
25,O
4.0
J
J.) '
i"
-Jt.u
tu
E-N
q
11
i
82=0.709
r
31?21r'13.24 /''
T
r0,o
0'o
=
V
----
l5,o
F
5'O
,5
at
EnergY loss AnalYsis
20,o
45
d.
as a
dale) formed by element of roughness'
value
i"tuit uutu" d smaller causing yields
of
3.2.3
value
no*ing from
: applies element
spheres roughness.
II yields
Assaying of Series
6,0
4.o
8'O
lo'o
t
dzldt
HUd with
Fisure
- 8. Graphs relation between
d /d atPengujian Seri Iia
ff=0'6101
A
2!
O
3.0 43 5.0 60 ki &0 e0 100 I
Sai | (lj;in)
r Sai h ierismal
within
o Sod lb
(Grad) o S€d llc (8d+bda)
15 daYs evaluation Period'
roughness
Fig. 7 indicating that element of
and
,o"p*guiion sJri u either Seri IIa' IIB
jump
nJdon rut short hydraulic
$gP'
lJo '
"fr"
This thing is knowable from value
hydraulic
*tt"t ,rn'ott"t value lJd hence
However.all
dwarf'
iuto ftn*ft increasingly
i"etfttion curve formed from graph relatton
value ( R
;;i;;;;F and t/d has correlation
This
0'85)'
than
(
*"f small less
i-
dz
/dr at Pengujian Seri II b
25p
20.o
Y
-
!
" ion indicates that hydraulic jltp
with visual
l5.O
rop
5.o
.onOi
oo
i""g,ii Oirfi"ult to be determined
is in
i""i*uitt*ce. element of Roughness
most
always
ln" fot of triangular prism
effective in cutting short hydraulic. lump
navlng
length ( Levator skapula) because
@t''
' 2'7@9\'11'12
t 4
6,0
-I'O
&/dt
flg"*
value L/dz smallest '
115
-
lo'o
with d2
fO. Graph relation between HI-/dt
c
II
/d1 at Pengujian Seri
ld lntematlona! Conterence on Rehabllitation
and Malntenance In Clvll Englneering (ICRMCE)
Solo,21-22 March 20og
ISBN No. .97$498-457-4
Graph relation between HL/dr with dz /dr at
all of assaying series yields linear equation
of continuity and regression curve gradient
as
follows:
Result of calculation value k ploted at graph,
with axis of the abscis as d /d and axis of the
ordinate as value k, causing is obtained
graph like like at Fig. 11, 12, 13
Table 2. linear Equation Of Continuities and
regression curve gradient at' graph relation
=2,5754x
Figure 11. Graphs relation between k with d2 /d1
at Pengujian Seri IIa ( triangular prism
roughness)
=2,7899x
tr.I22
4.O
Table 39 indicating that element of
roughness is in the form of triangular prism
damPing
always most effective
in
4,O
6.0
8'O
dz/dt
dz /dr
lo'o
Figure 13. Graphs relation between k with
dz /dr
at Pengujian Seri IIc ( spheres roughness)
k
In general graph relation betwee4 between
greater
bver
that
wifi az /d menunjukan
orr"rr"d d2 t$ hence value k also ever
is
sreater. Remembers value dz /dr which
is
that
value
debit
Eult g."*"t shows flow
hence
43)
smaltEr (- like shown to Gambar
uufu" f would be ever greater if small
relative flow debit.
To look for cupola line ( trendline) at.graph
of
,"iution between k with d /d at assaying
-S;;in
logarithm
is applied [by] approach of
curve. Based on perhitungnan applles
piogt"t Microsoft Office Excel is obtained
with equation of continuitY:
dr
loo
at Pengujia-n Seri IIb ( roughness gravel)
(
3.2.5 Roughness Parameter Analysis k)
Froude
from
If dz /dr was function of
nutb", ( Fr) hence value k can be searched
)z
u
a'o
dz/dt
Figure 12. Graphs relation between k with
dissociation energy of diatomic' This thing
from biggest linear regression curve gradient
value. Gvel percentage of damping of
dissociation energy of diatomic at apron
applies element of roughness compared to at
upion without element of roughness (
smooth) countable as follows
Vo damping of dissociation energy of
diatomic at IIa =21,23 Vo
Vo damping of dissociation energy of
diatomic at IIb = 15,51 Vo
Vo damPing of dissociation energy of
diatomic at IIc = 8,33 Vo
Element of Roughness is in the form of
triangular prism always can dam.n fl9w
disso-ciation energy of diatomic equal to that
is 21,23 Vo compared to without using
element of roughness
6.0
= Fr + o,4!(Fr- l) exP(-6k)
116
ld lntematlonal Conlerence on Rehabllltallon
and Maintenance In Clvll Englneerlng (CRMCE)
Solo,21-22 March 2009
ISBN No.979.498.457-4
tbyl
with
logarithm curve
equation of
continuity of like presented at tables of 311.
a-f
Z-_^_
3.
Persamaan graph logarithm curve
k with d /d at assaying Seri
between
relation
Tabel
-o^Ht
{or
y = 0,1 l96ln(x)
-
assi
0,1624
y = 0,0973ln(x)
0,1360
(dzldr)=8'
k at element of triangular
d1
value L/dz smaller meaning length hidraulik
hop increasingly dwarf, while Gambar 311
menunjukan that ever greater assessed k ever
greater HL/dr value meaning damping of
ever greater dissociation energy of diatomic.
AI\D
RECOMMENDATION
0,1 196Ln(8)
-
prism
0,1624 = 0,08630
Value k at element of roughness gravel
=0,O973Ln(8)-0,1360
=0,06632
Value k at element of spheres roughness =
0,0515Ln(8) -0,0771
=O'02999
Result of perhitungna is upper indicating that
element of roughness of triangular prism has
biggest k value that is 0,08630' But
logarithm curve at element of roughness of
tri-angular prism has correlation value ( R2 )
smali that is 0,8447. This thing is caused by
at element of roughness of triangular prism
happened turbulensi which is big so that
difficult to determine depth is initial by hop (
dr ). Relation between value k with value
l-ldzandvisible HI-/dr atFig 14 and 15
4.1. Conclusion
Based on data analysis and solution, can be
taken conclusion as follows:
1. Result of calibration of measuring
instrument of debit indicates that relation
between debit result of read at hydraulic
bench with measurable debit at flume has
linear equation of a line Y = 0819X +
0,0002 with correlation value ( R2 ) a real
good that is 0,9816. This thing means
measuring instrument
of debit at
hydraulic bench applicable to measure
flow debit.
2. The hYdraulic jumP length with
comparison ratio value of Udz which
smailer and can damp bigger dissociation
energy of diatomic ditunjukan with value
IilJdr larger ones. Elamen roughness is in
the form of triangular prism always most
4.O
effective in cutting short hydraulic jump
length and damps dissociation energy of
diatomic 21,23 bigger Vo.
3. Level of value k for each element of
roughness can be searched by entering
3.5
$
lh
4. CONCLUSION
assess
=
tla (Prisma Segiliga) o Seri llb (Gratd) o Sed
After all data ploted at graph, then pulled
linear regression curve. Drawing 310
indicating that is ever greater assessed k
Value k at each element of roughness can be
searched by entering value d2 /dr kedalam
equation of continuity of logarithm curve.
Following presented example of calculation
value k at each element of roughness to
roughnes
^
Figure 15. Graphs relation between k with HU
-
Value
o"
a.o
a<
LO
o.0o
o.o5
ft
0'lo
0
value d2 ldt kedalam equation of
l
continuity as follows:
a S€ri lla (Pdsma Ssgltlga) o Sed ltb (GEEI) o S€rl llc
figure
14. Graphs relation between k with Udz
117
ld lntematlonal Conference on Rehabllltatlon
and Malntenance In Clvll Englneerlng (ICRMCE)
Solo,21-22 March 2009
ISBN No. .979-498'457'4
Seri IIa
(hisma segitiga)
= 0,1 l96ln(x)
-
y = 0,0973ln(x)
0.1360
y = 0,0515ln(x)
-
Y
o,l6vl
Seri trb (gravel)
Seri trc (bola-bola)
-
o.o77l
Poland
6. Raju, K.G'R., 1986, Aliran MeIaIui
Element of Roughness of triangular prism
has biggest roughness parameter that is
0,08630 for dz /dr = 8.
4. Ever greater assessed k hence value L/dz
would smaller meaning hoP
5. Negm, A.M, 2W1 OPtimnl Raushened
Izngth of Prismatic Stillinp Basins'
Conferences ICI{E Articles, Warsawa
Saluran Terbuka, Erlangga, Jakarta
7. Sosrodarsono, S. dan Takeda, K, 1977'
Bendungan TYPe lJrugan, PradnYa
Paramita, Jakarta
length
increasinglY dwarf, sedangakan is
assessing HIJdr would be ever greater
meaning damPing of ever greater
dissociation energy of diatomic'
8. Triatmodjo Bambang, 1993, Hidrolika II'
Beta Offset, YogYakarta
9. Utomo, B.W.T,
dan Letak Buffle Piers Menerus Terhad'ap
4.2. Recommendation
This research has some things requiring
attention that at the next research is got [by]
better result, therefore at this opportunity
compiler gives suggestion some suggestions
follows:
1. Be better
as
if
research hereinafter applies
open channel model with scale larger ones to
glt result which more closing is field state'
N""Ot existence of further research to
L
know distance influence between element
gibbosities of roughness to hop length'.
NoOt existence of further research with
Paniang' Loncat Air, Skripsi' Jurusan
Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas
Sebelas Maret, Surakarta
lO.Veraineta, D.H, 2004, Pengaruh
Kekasaran Dasar Saluran TerhadaP
Kecepatan Aliran' Pad'a Model Saluran
Terbuka, Skripsi, Jurusan Teknik Sipil
Fakultas Teknik Universitas Sebelas
Maret, Surakarta
i.
of research in
in field'
application
in
laboratory earns
modelling scale that result
5. REFERENCE
1. Atmaja, I.T., 2003,
Efektivita,s
-Ukuran
IV'
Blok Halang pada Kolatn Olak Type
Fakultas
Skripsi, Juruian Teknik Sipil
Teknik Universitas Sebelas Maret'
Surakarta
2. Chow,V.T., lgg2, Hirolika
Te
2O04, Pengaruh Bentuk
Saluran
rbuka, Erlangga, Jakarta
3. Hager, W.H., 1992, Energy Dissipators
And Hyd'raulic Jutnp, Kluwer Academic
Publ ishers, Netherlands
4. Hinge, G.A. and B'K' Awaghade' - - '
by
Reduction In l*ngth of Stilling Basin
Horizontal
Provid.ing Depression in The
Aprbn
118
:9794984574
Proceeding of
International Conference on Rehabilitation and
Maintenance in Civil Engineering ( ICRMCE )
1"
2l-22 march zt}grsbloo Indonesia
Edited by :
Kusno Adi Sambowo
Sholihin As'ad
Ary Setytwan
S.A. Kristiawan
dJ*o\
.$/ol*:
r*'{}'J
Sehlas
Setiono
llrret Linircnity ifirililryofPublto
(uNstub)
Yuseph
Wotuhemdr
in ollrbontion with :
s(IT
Syaf i
llluslih
Organizing Committee
Advisors
Dean Faculty of Engineering, Uni. Sebelas Maret
Dean Faculty of Engineering, Uni. Chulalongkorn
Head of Pusbiktek Ministry of Public Work, lndonesia
Head of Post Graduate Program in Rehabilitation
and Maintenance Civil Eng. Uni. Sebelas Maret
Head of Civil Engineering Dept. Uni. Sebelas Maret
Chairman
Co-Chairman
Dr. Sholihin As'ad
Dr. Agus P. Rahmadi
Member
Dr. Ary Setyawan,
Fajar S Handayani, I'IIT
Edy Purwanto, MT
Endah Safiti, MT
Setiono, MSc
Dr. S.A. Kristiawan,
Djoko Sarwono, MT
Djumari, MT
Dr. Kusno Adi Sambowo.
Dr. Eng. Syafei
Solichin, MT
.Yusep Muslich, MT
Ir. Siti Qomariyah, MSc
Pungki Pramesti, MT
Senot Sangaji, MT
Bambang Setiawan, MT
Wibowo, DEA
Sunarmasto, MT
Sttrdents College Committee
Reki Arbianto
Gopta Andhika Pratama
Annisa Kusumawti
Ariesita Putri P
Dina Rachmayati
Irma Trianawati Y
Ratna Dwiyani N
Ferdian Agung N
Awaludin F Aryanto
Setyo Purnomo Y
Muhammad Agus F.
Samuri
Saptadhi Sampurno
Istiqomah Nur'IJbaY
Meirawati Dwi JaYd
Akhyaarul Umam AzzaqY
Sony Irawan
Nugroho RaharP
Ministry of Public Works Indonesia's Committee
Hasto Agoeng Sapoetro, SIMT.
Ir. Agus Sutopo, MT
Bambang Ari Amarto, ST
Nugroho Wuritomo, ST., MT.
Anjar Pramularsih, ST
Dra. Sri Musri Ambarukmi, MT
Dra. Nurul FuadiYah
Muhadl S.Sos, M.Pd
Indrawan, SE, M.Pd
Umar Effendi, SH
Rumadi
Kambali
Nursanudin
Preface
The objective of the l't International conference of Rehabilitation
and Maintenance
Civil Engineering (rcRMcE) is to provide the forum and to initiate a network for in
the
engineers, academicians, government agencies and practitioners in
exchanging the ideas
and experiences, technological advancement and innovation related
to rehabilitation and
maintenance in civil engineering.
This event has been responded positively by the engineers, academicians, governments
agency and practitioners. Since its first announcement on last SeptembJr
200g, the
organizing committee has received 92 abstracts from nine countries -and finally
66 full
papers could be presented in this conference proceeding.
The topics of papers are divided into fifteen groups of sub-theme. Those are (a)
Special
experiences on building and infrastructure rehabilitation and maintenance, (b) Advanced
Technology on Building and Infrastructure Rehabilitation Technique, (c). Assessment
of
Building and Infrastructure Perfonnance, (d) Assessnr€nt of Builiing anA Infrastructure
Performance Related to Natural Hazard, (e) Smart Material -for Building and
Infrastructures Repair (Including Material Development for Building and Infrastructures),
(f) Building and Infrastructure Damage Assessment, (g) Building and Infrastructure
Maintenance Strategy, (h)Testing and Inspection, (i) Restoration, preservation,
Rehabilitation and Maintenance of Historic Building, (i). Management on Building and
Infrastructure Maintenance, (k) Building and Infrastructure Service Life Modeling, (n)
Code on building and infrastructure rehabilitation and maintenance (o) Others.
This event is organized by the Department of Civil Engineering of Sebelas Maret
University (UNS-Solo), School of Rehabilitation and Maintenance in lnfrastructure of
Post Graduate Program of Civil Engineering, Sebelas Maret University (UNS-Solo) and
the Minisry of Public Works of Republic lndonesia with the supporting panner
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Indonesian Society for Building Maintenance
(HAPBI) and University of Chulalongkorn.
On behalf of the organizing committee I would like to thank the institution parfirers, the
all the committee
members, the Civil Engineering Service (CES) and the Association of Civil Engineering
students (HMS) of sebelas Maret university (uNS-Solo) for their great support.
speakers and the paper contributors, the sponsors, the media partners,
Solo,
2l't March 2009.
Dr. Sholihin As'ad
Chairman of the Organizing Committee of
l" Intemational Conference on Rehabilitation and Maintenance in Civil Engineering (ICRMCE)
Table of Contents
A. Special Experiences on Building and Infrastructure Rehabilitation and Maintenance
A1. Port Pier Condition Survey and Maintenance
of SepangarBayOilTerminal, KotaKinabalu....
A2. Rehabilitation and Rearrangement of the Old Insurance
Buildingin OmarAlmuktarStreet
Benghazi-Libya.
43. Retrofitting of School Building to protect school children
fromEarthquake..
.........1
...........11
............19
Rehabilitation of Buildings in The City of Manokwari
and Samarinda Indonesia.. ..
.......25
A5. Deformation Behavior of Main Dike of Sidoarjo Mud volcano...... ...........31
,A.4.
B. Advanced Technology on Building and Infrastructure Rehabilitation Technique
B 1. Cunent Practices on Cement Rendering in Australia
. ... ...39
83. comparison BetweenZd and 3d computer Modeling for Frexural
Rehabilitation of Steel structures with Hm-cfrp and steer sheet.
........49
B12. Numerical Study on rhe Effects of Hm-Cfrp End Cutting
Shapes for Flexural Rehabilitation of Steel Structtres..
........58
B 13. Introduction of Repairing and Joining Methods for Simply-Supported
Prestressed Bridges Using Link Slab.
.... ........66
814. Utilization of Fibre Admixture in Improving the Geotechnical Properties
of Volcanic Soil....
..........74
C. Assessment of building and infrastructure performance
Cl. Box Beams Subjected to Combined Load, Snapping
byExternalPrestressing......
and Strengthening
C2. A Comparative Study of Models for Confinement of Concrete
........81
by Welded Wire Mesh
. .. . .. . ..90
C5. A Study of Fiber Contribution to Generate Ductility
of Lightweight Concrete......
.....101
C7. The Influence of Roughness Base Apron Toward the Icngth
of Hydraulic Jump.
...109
C9. Durability of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Panel
for Modular Housing Consruction.. . ...
...119
Cl l. Reconstruction of Reinforcement Modelling for Prevent the Early Failure
of Deep Beam Reinforced Concrete.
. ....127
C13. The Study of Structural Performance Under ftitigue Cyclic loading.. ........136
Cl4.Influence of Confinement Modifications on Axial Capacity
of Reinforced
Concrete
c15. strenght Assessement of
Column.
a
.. . ..
.
.I45
Heritage Brick Masonry school Building
AgainstEarthquake
.........151
Cl6. Plastic Shrinkage Crack Analysis in One Way Reinforced Concrete Slabs ;
Artificial Neural Network (ANNs).
......163
C19. Comparison of the New Zipper Brace System Behavior with Inverted V-Brace
in Elastic Z.ane in Simple Steel Frames Using the Finite Element Method.........168
D. Assessment of Building and Infrastructure Performance Related to Nafural Hazard
D1. Earthquake Vulnerabilityof Residential Houses in Yogyakarta City.
D3. Seismic Evaluation with Pushover Analysis on Assesment of 7-Story
InegularBuilding....
.........I75
.........183
D4. Influence of Reinforced Concrete Column Section Dimensions
.......190
on Pushover Capacity of 4-Story School Building.
D6. Fire Resistance Requirement in Medium Size Room
Study the Effect of Ventilation Scenarios and Compartment Boundaries ......198
E. Smart Material for Building and Infrastructures Repair (Including Material
Development for Building and Infrastructures)
El.
The Potentials of Geopolymer for Rapid-Set High-Strength Cement
...204
in Concrete
EL.TheAdvantage of Nylon Mesh for Beam Confinement Smart Material
""""208
for Beam
B[. The Influence of Accelerator Content against Shotcrete Compressive Strengttr,
" '213
Absorption and Porosity as Structure
Containing
Concrete
of
Blended
Penetration
to
Chloride
E5. Resistance
Repair.
Repair.
Reinforcement.
Rice Husk Ash: A
Review...
""""'2I8
E6. Study Of Using Lime And Recycled Asphalt Pavement In Stabilizing Soil... ---.....225
E8. Beach Sand in
""230
-,240
and
Cement
Asphalt
of
on
Ageing
E10. Effects of AntiOxidants
...247
to
El1. Evaluation of Porous Asphalt Mix Properties Subjected
El4. Different Methods of Cruing in Concrete Technology, Maintenance
Mortar...
Mixes.
Ageing
Strengthen.....
" "252
Application,
Slab
in
Concrete
E15. Different Percentage of Bagass and Hair of Goat
""257
PSC Reduction and Strengthen.
E16. The Behavior of Clay Brick Masonry Wall with Glass Fiber
and
Reinforced Polymer Strengthening......
E17. Use of Flowable High Strength Mortar as a Repair Material
for Sustainable Engineering Construction...
E18. The Advantage of Waste Paper Sludge in Building Material.
" '262
"'269
... .. . .. ..277
:.
F.
Buitding and Infrastructure Damage Assessment
Fl.
The Damage Assessment of Weirs Along the 10-km Reach of River Tanggek
and The Proposed Rehabilitation
...........286
Method.
F2. Structural Damage Assessment of a Shear Building under
Earthquake
F3. Damage Detection of Frame
F4. A Case Study of Structural Assessment of Steel Stnrcnre Subjected
to Differential Settlement of Foundation.
Excitations
Structures.
......296
....302
G. Building and Infrastructure Maintenance Strategy
Gl. Analysis of Faulty Designs Causing Construction Defects
on Public School Building in lndonesia and Its Relationships
with Rehabilitation
Priorities.
.....321
G3. Maintenance Strategy: A Case Study in the Defect Types
....330
and Maintenance Management System of Hostel
G4. Effect of Decentralisation on Maintenance Road Ranking Criteria
.........340
at Badung Regency of
G5. Evaluation of Decentralized Communal Wastewater Treatment in Yogyakarta......346
Buildings.
Bali.
H. Testing and Inspection
Hl . The Measurement of Water Content of GranulerSoil Using A Gypsum Block. . . . . ..355
...359
H2. The Benefit If Gypsum Block for Measuring Soil Water Content.
H3. Karst Material Characteristics and Geotechnical Assessment on Construction
.......366
of Bribin Underground River Barrag.
H4. Hydraulic Fracturing Test on the Clay Core of Rockfill Dam
........374
on Various Fine Contents.. ..
J. Management on
Building and Infrastructure Maintenance
Jl. A Study on Quality Cost Awareness in Civil Engineering Rehabilihation and
Maintenance Programmes (A Case Study on Malaysia Construction Industry).......382
.....
....391
J2. Preliminary Study on Building Maintenance and Operation Contract..
J4. Minimizing Water Deficit Using Three Risk Indices on Existing Irrigation Water
Management.....
.........401
J6. The Farmer's Participation in the Maintenance of Inigation Network to Support
the Sustainability of the lrrigation System (Case Study in The Irrigation Area of
Bondoyudo)......
J7. Highway Maintenance: A Case Study in the Defect Types and Maintenance
Management of Asphalt Pavement
........407
...414
K. Building and Infrastructure Service Life Modeling
Kl.
Service Life Prediction of Partial Pre-stressed Concrete Structures in a Marine
Environment
....423
K3. Quantifying the Reliability of Limited Site lnvestigations on the Design of Pile
Foundations......
N.
Code on Building and
......430
Infrastructure Rehabilitation and Maintenance
Nl. A National
Standard for Seismic Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings
....................438
Why We Do Not Have It To Date?...
O. Other
Swot Analysis of Small Scale Contractor: A Surakarta Case
Study
.........448
II\IVITED SPBAKERS
Architectural Concrete And Concrete Monuments : Harald S. Miiller,
..............452
EdgarBohner & Michael Voge1........
Repair of
A Settlement Damaged Office Building :
l, I. Sulaiman', C.Li.', Atyatttho
........'....""'459
S. Darmawan
Assessment and Repair/Strengthening of
L
t*,
Irnran
ld lntematlonal Contercnca on Fehabllltatlon
and Malntenance In Clvlt Englnecrlng (|CRMCE)
Solo,21.22 March 2mO
ISBN No.979,4984574
THE INFLUENCE OF ROUGHNESS BASE APRON TOWARD
THE LENGTH OF HYDRAULIC JUMP
Cahyono'lkhsan
r),solichin
2)
Civil Engineering Dept, Sebetas Maret lJniversityl)
va.h.oo -?
E m a i t : ca hv o n o L97.! ?
? rll _ _ 2 )
^
Civil Engineering Dept, Sebelas Maret Universi1r
.
Email : sol'tchin-S73l 3 @yahoo'com
Abstract
design of spillway building is erosion
The important thing that should be noted in planning a
ttreihydrautic
of
becausl
lump' To avoid this' commonly
that happens in the bottom of spillway
rarely the apron is lgsigned P holg
in the downstream of aam is eiuipped by apron. However,
a very big cost' Therefore' it is a need to set
the total length of hydru"fi":ttitpd""auie ii needs
the intervals between jumps' This research
a jump contol equipment , ifti.tt it used to shorten
jump
happening above the apron, which has
was trying to study the characteristics of hydraulic
the hyhraulic jirmp and Lnogy reduction.The method that
a roughness uur", op."i"tiy
"uout
using a flume to make the flow
was used in this research was laborato.y "^p"ti-In"ntul by
model in which- in its
spillway
circularion. To raise tfre fryarautic jump, ihere was a
by the roughness
covered
was
apron
the
ttt" bur" of
downstream *as equipp-ed uy
and
prisms'
"pton.
triangle
ion*tant
were
which
elements with its threl form variations,
-balls to
effective
that the using of the roughness element was
d;lt-.C"n"lusion from me anatysis
jump
anO the red'uction of energy' The using of roughness
shorten the length of fryAruufic
piir*, the most effective to shorten the length of hydraulic
element in form ot"onrlrrt
-*tti"tt
2123%. This was based on that the roughness
jump and reduction oi"n"rgy
(k)'
prisms has the biggest roughness parameter value
element in form or
ri*ir"
which is 0.08630.
*".
"or,rtuJ"ttiangle
Keyword: apron, hydraulic jump, roughness parameter
1.
BACKGROUND
Flow denaturing fiom flow superkritis
becomes flow subkritis to cause the
happening of hydraulic jump. This condition
ot."d:n met at leg PelimPah because
transformation of dip of passage basis that is
jump
sudden. The happening of hydraulic
which
always is accompanied with turbulensi
is hign, dynamiC speed and the increasing of
watei eOdy causing causes the happening of
erosion oi grinder alongside place of the
happening oi hop' To prevent the happening
of-grinder resulted from by hydraulic jYtp'
utu-utly in going downstream pelimpah is
equiped [bY] coven floor or aPron
This research aim to know how influence
form and roughness height (k) apron basis to
hydraulic jump length and kehilanpnan of
dissociation energy of diatomic is gone
downstream tbyl pelimpah' This elite
expected earns ii of benefit to expansion of
theory in hydraulics area especiilly about
hydraulic jump and can give consideration in
exploiting of hydraulic jump as dissociatlon
o1 diatomic absorber causing is got
"n"rgy
solut-ibn of making of efficient and effective
dissociation energy
building
of
diatomic absorber
part
Ranga Raju ( 1986) phrases big head at
(
speed
yields.big
pelimpah
of pate;upstream
in ionsequence of flow superkritis) acurate
(the
under thsbuilding. While flow part of it
because
subkritis
flow
downstream becomes
sloping dip
109
in
passage basis hereinafter'
t
r hterndhn4f GoqtFwrcg..pn Refiaburdbn
anC:lldoHrange In QlvllrElt€f nerlng' QGRTGE)
qeb,
2l'U
IS-BN
N9..97H98{57'4
March ?00e
Losing of head can be because of boundary
friction
(
boundary friction) and
f,orm
resistance ( form resistance).
Utomo ( 20M) performs [a] research about
usage effectivity of stilling basin type fV in
damping excessive dissociation energy of
diatomic at part of downstream with addition
of baffle piers bobrbentuk always with three
kinds of surface shape bebeda. Result of
research shows baffle piers with form of
basin is which most effective in lessening
hydraulic jump length, yields olakan and
breaks biggest dissociation energy of
diatomic.
Hager ( 1992) phrases if element pengotrol
like baffleblock ( collision tooth) outspread is
of all tbyl passage basis place of the
happening ef hop, hence reference the thing
can a hydraulic jumphappened is on the basis
of passage with element of roughness
Flow Discard
Number of fluids flowing through crosssection of flow every one set of time called as
flow debit is given [by] notation Q. Charged
flow mgasured in fluid volume every set of
time, Inveterate unit is used iq practice is
meter cubic per second ( m /s) or other unit (
liter/detih liter/menit etcetera).
In ideal fluid where not happened friction of
speed of flow V is same is every [by] point at
cross-section. For nantre passage like regulus,
speed of flow is calculated based on plane
speed - plane taken away from by real
kecepata profile.
Open Channel.
Open flow hardly influenced by ground
aCceleration of gravity, on that account flow
characteristics at open jetting can be studied
by the way of comparing inertia force with
gravitational force working for the flow'
-omparison between both this forces called
as
Hydraulic jump
Hydraulic jump happened in the event of
transformation of flow super-kritis becomes
flow sub-kritis. Condition of like this often
met in passage basis experiencing
transformation of dip suddenly like the one
happened at leg a pelimpah. Hydraulic jump
would always in following turbulensi which
is high, dynamic speed and the increasing of
water eddy.
In Chow ( 1989) mentioned that a hydraulic
jump will be formed at passage if number
froude flow ( Fr), depth upriver hop d and
depth in going downstream d hop to fulfill
equation of continuitY following
,-
L= /Vdt+8Fr2
-r) ...........(z)
L'
d"
Energy loss
Energy loss at hydraulic jump is difference
between specific energies happened at
hydraulic jump staninf points ( El) and
hydraulic jump end point ( E2). Simply can
be formulated as follows:
gp=(d, , d,)t
4di2
......(3)
Roughness Parameter
Rajaritnam introduces high formula of
roughness ( k) that is
k=k, /dr
k,
d|
: High equivalen of roughness
: DePth aPProach to element
of
roughness
Bilangan Froude ( Fr) and expressed with:
Pr=l
(1)
Figurel. Hidraulik Jump In Rugged
,l sd
Fr
v
g
d
Basis
: Number Froude'
Flow mean velocity
: Gravitational force
: Depth hidraulik
:
110
Passage
ld lntematlona! Conlerunce on Rehabllltatlon
and llalntonance In Clvll Englnerlng 0CRllCE)
src/,o,21-2. March2009
ISBN No.979{98457-4
If
d2ldr was function of from value Froude (
searched with
Fr) hence value k can be
equation of continuity
d2
dL
= Fr +0,41(Fr
- 1)exp(-6k)
........(4)
2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES
In this research applied method eksperimental
that is by the way of performing [a]
experiment activity in laboraturium to get
data wanted. After performing [a] activity
eksperimental then data result of
of
the
experiment diolah for then is done analysis to
result of eksperimental. In skematis research
path as seen at Fig.2.
Executidn of Assaying at model is done with
measuring water face height upriver
hydraulic jump ( d ), water face height in
going dpwnstream hydraulic jump ( d ) and
hydraulic jump length ( Irvator skapula). To
be more sharpness presented in Fig. 3
111
1r hrndonC Conblucaoo f,#|lra$on
and llalntenmcsln GMI Englneelng {CRMCE)
W,21-2.
ISBN
March2009
No.379-49&457{
.
reparation
Sffib.tefiP-D of measuring Q
Se ries assaying
1gti3yal*t d,
d,
Celculates Debit
fu
Series assayins IIg' I[a'
IIE ; lettng et f rewod( with
eplon aPPlies roughness
I: Data
and
t
Data rettieval ' dr
,L
(ff, Fr
d.t.,,''p
gEIgs^;$*.,{U.
Mrkrs greph ntation betnreen d.t".*.C *ifr
di
darr
ud'and
d^-. .and(ltithd-td.
Caf
cufater IJd 2&fi HLId
I
and
Makes graph elaton betnreen f*r**$ti,hJ'/d"
d,/d, v'it]'l. HUd,
fuf
graph the relalion of k raith
"L"t
dJd), IJdaQAfl''HUdl
Figure 2. Research Flow Diagram
L
dz
dt
Figure 3. Execution Scheme of Research
112
idtntematlonalconf eronc!onRehqb-lllltloil
riiiit"iiii"'m
"no
crtrr Enelneerlns $.cRl'igFl
20o9
5olo,21'22 March
ISBN No.979-{98-{574
water accornodated measurable of
volume causing is assumed correctness'
at
its(the
3. ANALYSIS AND SOLUTION
1
Result Of Calibration
Measuring Instrument of
3.
instrument is charging
r,nit"tri" unknJwn bench are there damlee
of calculation
;*;;;.- D;" and result
of debit
instrument
calibration of measuring
presented at Tabel 1'
*frit" ."uturin!
of
Debit'
l
Debit
Calibration of measuring instrument ^of
at
read
it Aon" by comparing debit result ofgaugmg
of
hvdraulic bench with debit result
it obtained an equation of
;iil;;;ting
applicable to calculate level
assume
debit closing truth' First pace l:
.""ii""iry whici
of
ittui guuging Jr o"uit at flume by
;;;a;d
"l'tino"t
is
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
8.0
7.9
10
10
t0
ro |
r0 I
7.6
10
10
6.84
6.04
6.84
'7.35
7.O9
6.58
7.35
7.37
8.64
7.35
7.35
1.8
1.8
1.6
2
0
o
1.8
1.8
1.8
0
0
o
1.8
1.8
1.8
0
0
1.8
1.8
4
8.90
8.64
8.90
1.09
,)
1.10
o:!!9!!!
0.0018
0.9
0.9
0.0017
8
6
7
1.1
1.1
0.0016
0
0
7
1.1
1.1
0.0015
0
2
8
5
0.0016
4
0.0016
3
0.0015
1.8
1.1
1.1
0.0015
2
4
:)
6
2
1.8
1.8
1.8
t.2
r.2
0.0014
2
2
2
5
5
3
l.u
1.8
t.2
1.4
0.0013
1.8
5
5
0.0013
6
0.0012
0
L6
8.38
0.99
2
0
1.8
0lI
1.19
t.20
2
r.25
1
0.0014
8
1.8
t.4
1.4
0.0012
2
5
5
3
t.45
1.8
1.4
1.4
0.0011
2
2
5
)
3
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.6
1.6
0.0010
5
5
1.6
1.8
2
9.4r
9.67
0
2
?,
10.1
10.7
1.8
1.8
1.8
8
10.9
0
10.1
8
0
0
0
10.7
10.7
1.6
1.8
1.8
6
0
0
0
0
0
7.i lrolg'+t
7.7
6.06
6.06
6.84
10
5.81
6.32
5.81
10
5.81
5.55
5.55
10
instrumen!
bration of
Tablel.Data@
8.6
ustng
correctness' Because
113
1.61
1.61
5
1.6
1.6
0.0009
1.65
I
5
7
t.7
0.0009
1.78
1.7
8
4
3
7
5
0.0012
I
0.0011
1
0.0011
0
0.0010
2
1d tntematlonal Conferencs on Rehabllltatlon
and Malntenance In Clvll Englneerlng QCRMCE)
Solo,21-22 March 2009
ISBN No. .979{98-4574
Result of calculation at Tabel 1 presented in
the form of graPh like at Fig. 4.
o(mo
o(xllt
oor
!
o0t1
t
E,
oor2
beginning of hop ( d ) and depth in hop final
(
the
d I fufnffs Persamaan ( 23)' To know
value d
conOdon hence need to be searched
with data input d and Fr kedalam Persamaan
( if). n"tuit of calculation d hereinafter in
to
comparing to value d result of gauging
calculation
of
know itsdhe correlation' Result
tf,"" it presented in the form of graph relation
between d z{ni*ns1
with d rrurr,
at Fig' 5
omlo
oqrn
omlo
".(In
oqrt2
Gd)14 (Idn6
QHTbottc Bcnch
figo""
-
c)
(Id)18 oq},l)
(llld)
of
4. Graph Result Of Calibration
75
I
!
Measwing Instrument of Debit
{
Fie. 4 showing relation between debit result
oi?oO at hyJraulic bench with measurable
a"Ui, u, flume. Second connection charged
the is linear, this thing shows measurlng
inr*rn"n of debit to hydraulic bench
applicable to measure flow debit happened'
+
ljii"* equation of a line Y = 0'919X
debit
as
0,-000, b.ruut" axis of the ordinate
as
abscis
the
of
axis
and
flume,
trupp"*O at
of deviceat hydraulic
i"liri"turt of gauging
-the equation
continutty
Uenctr hence
of
+
x
Q = 0,91e Q o'ooo2' At
debit
;;;;;t
!ryn"1"0
lui*iution-rt"t"inafter, flow
value
ai countaUte flume by entering debit
the
to
bench
reaa UV device at hydraulic
equation of continuitY'
3.2 Running Model
3.2.1 Series
S"ti
I
f
tnat is flow applies
65
15
between
has correlation value
with d
This-thing is
) u."of good that is 0'9875'
dl*^u
rr*,,
n
that data yielded
-Seri
Lenuniukan
(
;iluj,*
-p"tiu*oun
dzldt
I in laboraturium
{:".'
^
fulfills
( 23). To know relation between
with Q hence result of calculation
the form
Presented in
between
Q with d /d '
relation
ufro
apron without
i,
of
graPh
a
-
of debit that is Q = 0919 I Q *
in the
6:ooot. By using water depth data. and
gauging
of
resuli
*glitr"I fr nopi dr )
of
qil"liir "alcuiot-iott, countable level( Fr)
number
( V and Froude
inr*t"n
s
to
)
@betweenflowdebit(
Q) with
dz/dl
flow ( Q)
Fie. 6 that ever greater charged
smaller'
J ia *outd
.Value
J"uit t Q) and water dePth il loP
Jiu, u'*ving of series I "p!tl:9,-"'
l;;;"; criterion at break even assayrng
;"il ;;lt"
;;;;t
;fi;ii
hereinafter
beginning of hoP.
il"tnyitoulic jumP will-be joT:o *
;;age
^ o""""o
Figure.5. indicating that relation
flume,-beforehand is measured debit
tpt"d
65
9
debit at
;; ; hYdraulic bench' Flow
comparing
by
gotten
lnAtuufi. Uenctr ( Q )
duratton
Uetween water volumes with the
Flow
Of
ir"onnuirr*te time ( VoUt)' I-evel
entering
JeUit at flume ( Q) obtained by
kedalam iquation of continuity
value Q
-frorn
calibration of measuring
;;;
fL;
= 0,9875
Figure 5. GraPhs relation between
d zeitunil with d r,urr,
level ot rtow
element of roughness' To know
["Uii"t
Ft2
m
if Froudi number ( Fr)' dePth in the
114
Confettnce on Rehabllttatlon
li'aini"nance ln ctvtl Englneerlng 1t-cR.MgFl
2o09
1n Intematlonal
5olo.21-22 March
"no
3.2.2 Series II
in" Rstaying of Series tr that is pangaliran
of
ofpfi". aproi equiped with by element
tiigrtn"tt. Assaying of Series II
consisted:
is
IIA
: applies element of
essaying of Series
roughn"it of triangular prism always'
e*?vi"g of SerieJIIB
roughness gravel.
n*?vi"g
oT Series
IIC
ISBN No'979-498-457'4
which.is
lompared to at this Pengujian Seri I
because at Pengujian Seri II water
pelimpah direct to fill basin (
r*uii"t
Hal in
Fr larger ones compared to
stretch
Pengujian Seri I.
: applies element
of
3.2.4
llydraulic jump LelSth-{lalysis .
Hop length data from result of this assaymg
in a graph, with Froude-number
is
"*p."tt"?
abicissa ( Fr) and its the ordinate
of
Result
IJdz
'
airn"ntioni"ss ratio of
graph
calculation is presented in the form of
relation between Fr with Ud2like
I
I
-at
hydraulic jump- ( HL)
.oun-aUt" based on difference of specific
nn"tgy
loss
hop
energy between starting pointses and
each
of
i6in,. Result of calculation
"nO
jetting series presented in the form of graph
;;i;;i;t between HIJdI with dz /dr like at
Fig. 8,9, 10
25,O
4.0
J
J.) '
i"
-Jt.u
tu
E-N
q
11
i
82=0.709
r
31?21r'13.24 /''
T
r0,o
0'o
=
V
----
l5,o
F
5'O
,5
at
EnergY loss AnalYsis
20,o
45
d.
as a
dale) formed by element of roughness'
value
i"tuit uutu" d smaller causing yields
of
3.2.3
value
no*ing from
: applies element
spheres roughness.
II yields
Assaying of Series
6,0
4.o
8'O
lo'o
t
dzldt
HUd with
Fisure
- 8. Graphs relation between
d /d atPengujian Seri Iia
ff=0'6101
A
2!
O
3.0 43 5.0 60 ki &0 e0 100 I
Sai | (lj;in)
r Sai h ierismal
within
o Sod lb
(Grad) o S€d llc (8d+bda)
15 daYs evaluation Period'
roughness
Fig. 7 indicating that element of
and
,o"p*guiion sJri u either Seri IIa' IIB
jump
nJdon rut short hydraulic
$gP'
lJo '
"fr"
This thing is knowable from value
hydraulic
*tt"t ,rn'ott"t value lJd hence
However.all
dwarf'
iuto ftn*ft increasingly
i"etfttion curve formed from graph relatton
value ( R
;;i;;;;F and t/d has correlation
This
0'85)'
than
(
*"f small less
i-
dz
/dr at Pengujian Seri II b
25p
20.o
Y
-
!
" ion indicates that hydraulic jltp
with visual
l5.O
rop
5.o
.onOi
oo
i""g,ii Oirfi"ult to be determined
is in
i""i*uitt*ce. element of Roughness
most
always
ln" fot of triangular prism
effective in cutting short hydraulic. lump
navlng
length ( Levator skapula) because
@t''
' 2'7@9\'11'12
t 4
6,0
-I'O
&/dt
flg"*
value L/dz smallest '
115
-
lo'o
with d2
fO. Graph relation between HI-/dt
c
II
/d1 at Pengujian Seri
ld lntematlona! Conterence on Rehabllitation
and Malntenance In Clvll Englneering (ICRMCE)
Solo,21-22 March 20og
ISBN No. .97$498-457-4
Graph relation between HL/dr with dz /dr at
all of assaying series yields linear equation
of continuity and regression curve gradient
as
follows:
Result of calculation value k ploted at graph,
with axis of the abscis as d /d and axis of the
ordinate as value k, causing is obtained
graph like like at Fig. 11, 12, 13
Table 2. linear Equation Of Continuities and
regression curve gradient at' graph relation
=2,5754x
Figure 11. Graphs relation between k with d2 /d1
at Pengujian Seri IIa ( triangular prism
roughness)
=2,7899x
tr.I22
4.O
Table 39 indicating that element of
roughness is in the form of triangular prism
damPing
always most effective
in
4,O
6.0
8'O
dz/dt
dz /dr
lo'o
Figure 13. Graphs relation between k with
dz /dr
at Pengujian Seri IIc ( spheres roughness)
k
In general graph relation betwee4 between
greater
bver
that
wifi az /d menunjukan
orr"rr"d d2 t$ hence value k also ever
is
sreater. Remembers value dz /dr which
is
that
value
debit
Eult g."*"t shows flow
hence
43)
smaltEr (- like shown to Gambar
uufu" f would be ever greater if small
relative flow debit.
To look for cupola line ( trendline) at.graph
of
,"iution between k with d /d at assaying
-S;;in
logarithm
is applied [by] approach of
curve. Based on perhitungnan applles
piogt"t Microsoft Office Excel is obtained
with equation of continuitY:
dr
loo
at Pengujia-n Seri IIb ( roughness gravel)
(
3.2.5 Roughness Parameter Analysis k)
Froude
from
If dz /dr was function of
nutb", ( Fr) hence value k can be searched
)z
u
a'o
dz/dt
Figure 12. Graphs relation between k with
dissociation energy of diatomic' This thing
from biggest linear regression curve gradient
value. Gvel percentage of damping of
dissociation energy of diatomic at apron
applies element of roughness compared to at
upion without element of roughness (
smooth) countable as follows
Vo damping of dissociation energy of
diatomic at IIa =21,23 Vo
Vo damping of dissociation energy of
diatomic at IIb = 15,51 Vo
Vo damPing of dissociation energy of
diatomic at IIc = 8,33 Vo
Element of Roughness is in the form of
triangular prism always can dam.n fl9w
disso-ciation energy of diatomic equal to that
is 21,23 Vo compared to without using
element of roughness
6.0
= Fr + o,4!(Fr- l) exP(-6k)
116
ld lntematlonal Conlerence on Rehabllltallon
and Maintenance In Clvll Englneerlng (CRMCE)
Solo,21-22 March 2009
ISBN No.979.498.457-4
tbyl
with
logarithm curve
equation of
continuity of like presented at tables of 311.
a-f
Z-_^_
3.
Persamaan graph logarithm curve
k with d /d at assaying Seri
between
relation
Tabel
-o^Ht
{or
y = 0,1 l96ln(x)
-
assi
0,1624
y = 0,0973ln(x)
0,1360
(dzldr)=8'
k at element of triangular
d1
value L/dz smaller meaning length hidraulik
hop increasingly dwarf, while Gambar 311
menunjukan that ever greater assessed k ever
greater HL/dr value meaning damping of
ever greater dissociation energy of diatomic.
AI\D
RECOMMENDATION
0,1 196Ln(8)
-
prism
0,1624 = 0,08630
Value k at element of roughness gravel
=0,O973Ln(8)-0,1360
=0,06632
Value k at element of spheres roughness =
0,0515Ln(8) -0,0771
=O'02999
Result of perhitungna is upper indicating that
element of roughness of triangular prism has
biggest k value that is 0,08630' But
logarithm curve at element of roughness of
tri-angular prism has correlation value ( R2 )
smali that is 0,8447. This thing is caused by
at element of roughness of triangular prism
happened turbulensi which is big so that
difficult to determine depth is initial by hop (
dr ). Relation between value k with value
l-ldzandvisible HI-/dr atFig 14 and 15
4.1. Conclusion
Based on data analysis and solution, can be
taken conclusion as follows:
1. Result of calibration of measuring
instrument of debit indicates that relation
between debit result of read at hydraulic
bench with measurable debit at flume has
linear equation of a line Y = 0819X +
0,0002 with correlation value ( R2 ) a real
good that is 0,9816. This thing means
measuring instrument
of debit at
hydraulic bench applicable to measure
flow debit.
2. The hYdraulic jumP length with
comparison ratio value of Udz which
smailer and can damp bigger dissociation
energy of diatomic ditunjukan with value
IilJdr larger ones. Elamen roughness is in
the form of triangular prism always most
4.O
effective in cutting short hydraulic jump
length and damps dissociation energy of
diatomic 21,23 bigger Vo.
3. Level of value k for each element of
roughness can be searched by entering
3.5
$
lh
4. CONCLUSION
assess
=
tla (Prisma Segiliga) o Seri llb (Gratd) o Sed
After all data ploted at graph, then pulled
linear regression curve. Drawing 310
indicating that is ever greater assessed k
Value k at each element of roughness can be
searched by entering value d2 /dr kedalam
equation of continuity of logarithm curve.
Following presented example of calculation
value k at each element of roughness to
roughnes
^
Figure 15. Graphs relation between k with HU
-
Value
o"
a.o
a<
LO
o.0o
o.o5
ft
0'lo
0
value d2 ldt kedalam equation of
l
continuity as follows:
a S€ri lla (Pdsma Ssgltlga) o Sed ltb (GEEI) o S€rl llc
figure
14. Graphs relation between k with Udz
117
ld lntematlonal Conference on Rehabllltatlon
and Malntenance In Clvll Englneerlng (ICRMCE)
Solo,21-22 March 2009
ISBN No. .979-498'457'4
Seri IIa
(hisma segitiga)
= 0,1 l96ln(x)
-
y = 0,0973ln(x)
0.1360
y = 0,0515ln(x)
-
Y
o,l6vl
Seri trb (gravel)
Seri trc (bola-bola)
-
o.o77l
Poland
6. Raju, K.G'R., 1986, Aliran MeIaIui
Element of Roughness of triangular prism
has biggest roughness parameter that is
0,08630 for dz /dr = 8.
4. Ever greater assessed k hence value L/dz
would smaller meaning hoP
5. Negm, A.M, 2W1 OPtimnl Raushened
Izngth of Prismatic Stillinp Basins'
Conferences ICI{E Articles, Warsawa
Saluran Terbuka, Erlangga, Jakarta
7. Sosrodarsono, S. dan Takeda, K, 1977'
Bendungan TYPe lJrugan, PradnYa
Paramita, Jakarta
length
increasinglY dwarf, sedangakan is
assessing HIJdr would be ever greater
meaning damPing of ever greater
dissociation energy of diatomic'
8. Triatmodjo Bambang, 1993, Hidrolika II'
Beta Offset, YogYakarta
9. Utomo, B.W.T,
dan Letak Buffle Piers Menerus Terhad'ap
4.2. Recommendation
This research has some things requiring
attention that at the next research is got [by]
better result, therefore at this opportunity
compiler gives suggestion some suggestions
follows:
1. Be better
as
if
research hereinafter applies
open channel model with scale larger ones to
glt result which more closing is field state'
N""Ot existence of further research to
L
know distance influence between element
gibbosities of roughness to hop length'.
NoOt existence of further research with
Paniang' Loncat Air, Skripsi' Jurusan
Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas
Sebelas Maret, Surakarta
lO.Veraineta, D.H, 2004, Pengaruh
Kekasaran Dasar Saluran TerhadaP
Kecepatan Aliran' Pad'a Model Saluran
Terbuka, Skripsi, Jurusan Teknik Sipil
Fakultas Teknik Universitas Sebelas
Maret, Surakarta
i.
of research in
in field'
application
in
laboratory earns
modelling scale that result
5. REFERENCE
1. Atmaja, I.T., 2003,
Efektivita,s
-Ukuran
IV'
Blok Halang pada Kolatn Olak Type
Fakultas
Skripsi, Juruian Teknik Sipil
Teknik Universitas Sebelas Maret'
Surakarta
2. Chow,V.T., lgg2, Hirolika
Te
2O04, Pengaruh Bentuk
Saluran
rbuka, Erlangga, Jakarta
3. Hager, W.H., 1992, Energy Dissipators
And Hyd'raulic Jutnp, Kluwer Academic
Publ ishers, Netherlands
4. Hinge, G.A. and B'K' Awaghade' - - '
by
Reduction In l*ngth of Stilling Basin
Horizontal
Provid.ing Depression in The
Aprbn
118