A THESIS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RAFT AND TREE STRATEGIES IN TEACHING WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT AT TENTH GRADERS

  um surabaya

  Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya A THESIS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RAFT AND TREE STRATEGIES IN

TEACHING WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT AT TENTH

GRADERS NUR ARDIANA SHOLEHATI NIM. 20121111036 THE ADVISORS ArmeriaWijaya, SS., M.Pd.

  Linda Mayasari, S.Pd., M.Pd. ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF EDUCATION AND TEACHER TRAINING

MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURABAYA 2016

  

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RAFT AND TREE STRATEGIES IN

TEACHING WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT AT TENTH GRADERS

  (An Experimental Research to the Tenth Grade Students of SMA Wachid Hasyim 1 Surabaya in the academic year 2015/2016)

  

SKRIPSI

Diajukan Untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat

Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Pendidikan

  

NUR ARDIANA SHOLEHATI

NIM 20121111036

PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN BAHASA INGGRIS

FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURABAYA

2016

HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING

  Skripsi yang ditulis oleh Nur Ardiana Sholehati ini telah disetujui oleh dosen pembimbing untuk diujikan tanggal 16 Agustus 2016.

  Dosen Pembimbing Tanda Tangan Tanggal I. Armeria Wijaya, S.S., M.Pd.

  ………………. ………..….

  II. Linda Mayasari, S.Pd., M.Pd.

  ………………. ……..…….

  Mengetahui: Ketua Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Sulton Dedi Wijaya, S.Pd.

  

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN PANITIA UJIAN

  Skripsi ini yang ditulis oleh Nur Ardiana Sholehati telah diuji dan dinyatakan sah oleh Panitia Ujian Tingkat Sarjana (S1) Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya sebagai salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar sarjana pendidikan, pada tanggal 16 Agustus 2016.

  

Dosen Penguji Tanda Tangan Tanggal

I. Armeria Wijaya, S.S., M.Pd.

  ………………. ………….

  II. Vega Hesmatantya, S.Pd., M.Pd.

  ………………. ………….

  III. Drs. Wijayadi, M.Pd.

  ………………. ………….

  Mengetahui: Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan

  Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya, Dekan, Dr. M. Ridlwan, M.Pd.

PERNYATAAN TIDAK MELAKUKAN PLAGIAT

  Saya yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini: Nama : Nur Ardiana Sholehati NIM : 20121111036 Program Studi : Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Fakultas : Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan

  Menyatakan bahwa Skripsi/KTI/Thesis yang saya tulis ini benar-benar tulisan karya sendiri bukan hasil plagiat, baik sebagian maupun keseluruhan. Bila kemudian hari terbukti hasil plagiat, maka saya bersedia menerima sanksi akademik sesuai ketentuan yang berlaku di Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya.

  Surabaya, 5 Agustus 2016 Yang membuat pernyataan, (Nur Ardiana Sholehati)

  

ACKNOWLEDGE

  All praise and gratitude belong to The Almighty Allah SWT for the blessing, guidance, and spiritual force so I can finish this final project. Peace and prayers be upon to the final prophet and messenger, Muhammad SAW who leads us out of the darkness into the light. Alhamdulillah, I could accomplish this final project entitled “The Effectiveness of RAFT and TREE Strategies in Teaching Writing Descriptive Text at Tenth Graders”.

  There are many obstacles and difficulties in completion this final project because of the limits of knowledge, information, and reference books. However, it does not matter because there are some people who help and support me in finishing this research. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to:

  1. Dr. M. Ridlwan, M.Pd., as the Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty.

  2. Sulton Dedi Wijaya, S.Pd., as the Head of English Education Department.

  3. Armeria Wijaya, S.S., M.Pd. and Linda Mayasari, S.Pd., M.Pd., as the Honorable Advisors who always motivate, support, and advise me during the process of writing this final project.

  4. Dra. Hj. Kustini as the Head Master of SMA Wachid Hasyim 1 Surabaya who gave me permission to organize the research in SMA Wachid Hasyim 1 Surabaya.

  5. Christina Hajar Sesanti, S.Pd., as the English Teacher of Wachid Hasyim 1 Surabaya who always gives her time and helps me in doing this research in her classes.

  6. My beloved family, Dad (alm. Pargiyanto), Mom (Cutmiyati), Sister (Nissa), and Brother (Rizky), who always pray for me, give the best support, advice, motivations, and encouragement to me. I was nothing without them.

  7. My lovely friend, Rafeeq who always supports and prays for me in order to finish this final project well.

  8. My best friend, Fatkhun Nikma who always gives her available time to share my sadness and happiness.

9. All of my friends, especially Wilda, Nadia, Kiki, Mbak Tanti, Riska, Debby,

  Gita, Endah, Atik, Anis M, and Putri, who always support me during completing this final project.

  10. All of my classmates, thanks for the precious four year friendship we shared together. Keep on fire!

  11. Me myself. Thanks for struggling this far, I truly believe in you. Just keep silent, do, and prove to them! The researcher realizes that this final project is far from perfection. So, all criticism, suggestion, and constructive ideas are expected and needed in order to make it better. Finally, the researcher hopes that this final project would be useful for the readers.

  Surabaya, August 5, 2016 The researcher,

  Nur Ardiana Sholehati NIM 20121111036

  

TABLE OF CONTENT

  TITLE ................................................................................................................... i MOTTO AND DEDICATION ............................................................................. ii HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN ............................................................................. iii HALAMAN PENGESAHAN .............................................................................. iv PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN TULISAN ........................................................... v ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... vi ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................... vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................................................... vii i TABLE OF CONTENT ....................................................................................... x LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................... xii LIST OF CHART ............................................................................................................................... xii i LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................................................................... xi v CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

  1.1 Background of the Research .................................................................... 1

  1.2 Research Question .................................................................................... 4

  1.3 Hypothesis ................................................................................................ 4

  1.4 Purpose of the Research ........................................................................... 4

  1.5 Significance of the Research .................................................................... 5

  1.6 Scope and Limitation of the Research ....................................................... 5

  1.7 Definition of Key Term ............................................................................ 5

  CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

  2.1 Definition of Writing................................................................................. 7

  2.2 Writing Process ........................................................................................ 8

  2.3 Types of Writing Text .............................................................................. 9

  2.4 Descriptive Text ....................................................................................... 10

  2.5 Teaching Writing ..................................................................................... 11

  2.6 RAFT and TREE Strategies in Teaching Writing Descriptive Text ........ 12

  2.7 The Previous Study .................................................................................. 14

  CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD

  3.1 Research Method .................................................................................... 17

  3.2 Research Design ...................................................................................... 17

  3.3 Research Variables .................................................................................. 19

  3.5 Subject of the Research ........................................................................... 20

  3.5.1 Population ..................................................................................... 20

  3.5.2 Sample ........................................................................................... 20

  3.6 Research Instruments .............................................................................. 22

  3.6.1 Test ................................................................................................ 22

  3.6.1.1 Pretest ............................................................................... 22

  3.6.1.2 Posttest .............................................................................. 23

  3.6.2 Tryout ............................................................................................ 23

  3.6.2.1 Validity of Tryout Test Instrument ................................... 23

  3.6.2.2 Reliability of Tryout Test Instrument ............................... 25

  3.6.3 Questionnaire ................................................................................ 27

  3.6.4 Rubric Assessment ........................................................................ 28

  3.7 Data Collection Technique ...................................................................... 29

  3.8 Procedure of the Research ....................................................................... 30

  3.9 Data Analysis Technique ........................................................................ 31

  3.9.1 Normality Test .............................................................................. 32

  3.9.2 Homogeneity Test ......................................................................... 33

  3.9.3 T-Test Calculation ........................................................................ 33

  CHAPTER IV RESULT AND DISCUSSION

  4.1 Result ...................................................................................................... 35

  4.1.1 Reliability of Pretest ..................................................................... 35

  4.1.2 Reliability of Posttest .................................................................... 37

  4.2 Data Analysis .......................................................................................... 38

  4.2.1 Normality Test .............................................................................. 38

  4.2.2 Homogeneity Test ......................................................................... 40

  4.2.3 T-test Calculation .......................................................................... 41

  4.2.3.1 T-test Calculation of Pretest ............................................. 41

  4.2.3.2 T-test Calculation of Posttest ............................................ 44

  4.2.3.3 Paired Sample T-Test ....................................................... 46

  4.2.4 Eta Squared ................................................................................... 46

  4.2.5 Questionnaire ................................................................................ 47

  4.3 Discussion ............................................................................................... 50

  CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

  5.1 Conclusion .............................................................................................. 53

  5.2 Suggestion ............................................................................................... 54

  5.2.1 The English Teacher ..................................................................... 54

  5.2.2 The Students .................................................................................. 54

  5.2.3 The Next Researcher ..................................................................... 55 BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................ 57 APPENDICES ..................................................................................................... BIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................................

  LIST OF TABLES TABLE 3.1 Design of Experimental Research .....................................................

TABLE 3.2 Illustration of Snowball Sampling Technique ...................................TABLE 3.3 Content Validity of the Test ..............................................................TABLE 3.4 Validity of the Test ............................................................................TABLE 3.5 Scale of Reliability ............................................................................TABLE 3.6 Reliability of the test .........................................................................TABLE 3.7 Scoring Rubric of Writing .................................................................TABLE 3.8 Research Schedule ............................................................................TABLE 4.1 Reliability of Pretest in Experimental Group ....................................TABLE 4.2 Reliability of Pretest in Control Group .............................................TABLE 4.3 Reliability of Posttest in Experimental Group ..................................TABLE 4.4 Reliability of Posttest in Control Group ............................................TABLE 4.5 Normality Test of Control and Experimental Group in Pretest ........TABLE 4.6 Normality Test of Control and Experimental Group in Posttest .......TABLE 4.7 Homogeneity Test .............................................................................TABLE 4.8 Mean Scores of Control and Experimental Group in Pretest ............TABLE 4.9 Independent Sample Test Result of Pretest .......................................TABLE 4.10 Mean Scores of Control and Experimental Group in Posttest ........TABLE 4.11 Independent Sample Test Result of Posttest ...................................TABLE 4.12 Paired Samples Test Result of Experimental Group .......................

  LIST OF CHART CHART 4.1 Questionnaire ...................................................................................