The observation of strategies in teaching reading at Senior High Schools in Surabaya - Widya Mandala Catholic University Surabaya Repository
APPENDIX
73
Appendix I
The Material for TeachingReadingat SMUK ST. Louis I
Surabava
74
First Observation
@
ask one
t
I
;
Hey ay the picturcs of troditional arrs and crofts. obserue'tlum, tlen
rurite down tluir namcs ond state thn rcgbn or prcvirrceof thcir
ortgin.
75
lyialafl oo fbc Utortd 2
|
Task tvro
Il.,:url lh.t:fullouittg
.'
tttxl. tlrcrt o,,*,ur,,...ii,cquaslktns that lolbw.
a.
IKAT
[lhe Indoncsianwon)iheil, which mcans to tie or
I bind, is used as the name for intricately
patternedcloth of which thc threads are tie-dyed
through a very painstaking and skillful process
heforc they are \roven together.
Ikat cloth is made in many scattered regions
of the archipelago,from Sumatra to Maluku, but it
is in Nusa Tenggara that this ancienCart form
thrives most strongly. tkat garments are still in
daily use in many areas, and there's an incredible diversity of colours and pattern:;.
The spectacular ikat of Sumba and the intricately patterned work of Flores are the
best knorvn, but Timor and l,ombok and small islands like Roti, Sawu, Ndao and
Lembata all have their own varied and high-quality traditions, as do Sulawr:si,
Kalimantan and Sumatra.
lkat cloth is nearly ahvays made of cotton, that is spun rvith traditional spinning
rvheel, though factory-made threads have come into use. Dyes are traditionalll'
handmade from local plants and minerals, and these give ikat its characteristicall.v
earthy brorvn, red, yellow and orange tones as u,ell as the blue of indigo, a darli
colour betrveenblue and violet.
Traditional dyes are made from natural sources. The most complex processes
are those concerned rvith the bright rust colour, known in Sumba as kombu, rvhich
is produced from the bark and roots.of the kombu tree. Blue dyes come from the
indigo plant, and purple or brown can be produced by dyeing the cloth deep blue
GLOSSARY
= rumit
intriata (adi)
painstaking(adj)
wftared (adj)
lhdve (v)
.weave
(v)
bark (n)
J uiu
.
= tersebar
= be//(embsng
= monenun
= kulit kalu .
,
a
4
5
6
Task three
1.a..
\Fj
,!t
and then overdyeingit rvith konrbu.
There is a definite scheduleof work for the
traditional productionof ikat. In Sumbathe thread
is spun betrveenJuly and October,and the patterns
bound betrveenSeptemberand December.After the
rain ends in Aprii, the blue and kombu dyeing is
chrried out. [n August the weaving starts - more
than a year after rvork on the thread began.
lVhat does 'ikat' mean?
\\hy is the clolh nanrecl'ikat'?
Where does fanrous ikat cloth come from?
What is the basic nraterial for nraking ikat cloth?
Why does the colour given to the cloth have specific charlcteristics
Why is the processof.dyeing carried out in April?
Find out ttorclsor pltrascsitt tlte ter'twhich ,neett ntora or'lcs.*//rt'..orrr
as the follorcing. Tlrc numbcrs in brochets slntu the paragraph tutntltcr:
1
2
3
extremelycareful (1)
complicated(1)
(2)
unbelievable
4
5
fantastic/striking(2)
undertakcn/conductedt4)
76
THEBATAKS
lTl here are two versions of the
I d,"r""odant of the Bataks. Accordingto
the legend, all Batalcs are descendedfrom Si
Raja Batak, who was born of superuatural
parentageon Bukit Pusulc"a mountain in the
western edgeof [,ake Toba. But, according to
anthropologists,the Batals are a Proto-Malay
people descended from Neolithic mountain
tribes in Northeru Thailand and Burma Their
first settleoent iu Sumatra was around Lake
Toba- They lived there in virtual isolation for
ceuturies.
Today, there are more than six million
Batals. they are divided into six main groupings-Tbe Pakpak Batak to the north-west of
To-baLake, the l(aro Batak ground Berastagi and Kabanjahe, the Simalungun Batak
and lt{andailing Batak in the further south.
The majority of today's Bataks are Protestant, especially in the North around
I-ake Toba and the IGro Highland. Islam is the predominant religion in the souLh.
However, many Bataks still incorporate elements of traditional animist belief and
ritual. Traditional beliefs combine cosmologa,ancestor and spirit worship and,tondi.
Tondi is the concept of the soul, the spirit-the essence of a person's individualiti'. /r
is believed to develop before a child is born. It exists near the body and from time io
time takes its leave, which causes illness. It is essenLial for Bataks to make sacri|tces
to their tondi to keep it in good humour.
There is a legend about the omnipotent god Ompung. One day Ompung leant
casually against a huge banyan tree and dislodged a decayed bough that plum'
meted into the sea. From this branch came the fish and all the living creatures of
the oceans. Not long afterwards, anottrer bough dropped to the ground and issued
crickets, caterpillar, centipedes, scorpions and insects. Ttre third branch broke into
large chunlis rvhich rvere transformed into tigers, deer, bears, monkeys, birds and all
the animals of thd-jungle. The fourth branch which scattered over the plains bccanre
horses, buffaloes, goats, pigs and all the domestic animals. Human beings appeared
from the eggs produced by a pair of newly created birds, born at the height of .a
violent earthqgakg,.
77
Task two
v
Task three
v
Find the best heading for each paragraph in the text aboue.
,rii"..i;ril:*:iilii;i,'Topic
1
2
3
4
5
Paragrbph
A Batak tradition
The mythology
fire origin of the Batak people
The religion
The grouping of the Batak people
Read again the text rnore carefully to answer the following questions.
I
How many groups are the Bataks divided intoi Mention the groups.
2
Did god Ompung create all the living things ? Explain your answer.
3
Who do you think the Bataks descendant?Explain your answer.
4
Which paragraph. tells you the influence of animism on the Baiak
culture?
5
"It is believedto developbeforea child is born."(par.3,line 6) !\'hat
does the rvord 'it' refer to?
78
AnswerKey of ttlkat":
TaskOne
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Angklungfrom WestJava
ReogMask from Ponorogo
Blangkonfrom Centerof Java
WayangKulit from Centerof Java
Tari Piring from Sumatra
Tasktwo
1 . Ikat meansto tie or bind2 . becauseit is used as the name for intricately patternedcloth of which the
3.
4.
5.
6.
process
threads are tie-dyed through the very painstaking and skillful
before they are woven together'
FamousIkat cloth comes from Nusa Tenggara'
The basic material for making ikat cloth comes from cotton.
Becausedyes are traditionally handmadefrom local plants and minerals'
Becauserain endsin APril.
Task three
l.
2.
3.
4.
5.
painstaking
intricate
spectacular
incredible
produced
*The Bataks':
Answer Key of
Task two
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Paragraph5
Paragraph4
ParagraphI
Paragraph3
Paragraph2
Task three
1. Six main groupings;the PakpakBatak, the Karo Batak around Berastagi
and Kabanjahe,the simalungun Batak and Mandailing Batak.
2. Yes, he did. Becauseone day, Ompung leant casually againsta huge
banyantree and dislodged a decayedbough that plummeted into the sea.
From this branch came the fish and all the living creaturesof the oc-eans.
79
from Neolithicmountain
3. Bataksarea proto-Malaypeopledescended
tribesin NorthernThailandandBurma.
three.
4. Paragraph
5. "It" refersto Tondi.
80
Second Observation (takenfrom Eighty Eight Passages)
Reading Passage#34
Of all the animalsin the animal kingdom,which one (asidefrom man) is
smartest?
There are severalways of measuringthe intelligence of animals. In one
test a scientist setsthree identical cans on a table. While the animal watches,he
puts food under one of the cans.Then, he leadsthe animal away. Sometime later,
he brings it back to seeif it rememberswhich can has the food. No sniffing is
allowed; the animal must go directly to the correct can or it fails.
This is called a delayed-response
test.The idea is to find out how long an
animals memory can retain information. The scientistswould try showing the cans
to the animal one hour later, or two hours later, or even a full day later. They
discoveredthat chimpatueesand elephantshave the best memory, and are able to
rememberthe correct can for at least twenty hours. No other animal is close. Dogs
came next, but they only rememberedfor nine hours.
To settle the matter, the scientists devised a gigantic maze and ran the
chimps and elephantsthrough it. The mtve was very complicated,with many
blind alleysand deadends.It took the chimps ten minutesto find their way out.
The elephantsneededa half hour. Even allowing for the elephants' slower rate of
speed,the test indicatesthat chimpanzeesare the smartestanimals.
From this and other tests,the scientistsdrew the following conclusion: an
animal's intelligencedependson the size of its brain in proportionto the size of
its body. The elephant'sbrain weighsten pounds.But this is only l/6006 of its
6000 poundbody. A chimp's brain weigln aboutone pound,or l/120ft of its total
81
bodyweight.Soin proportionto its bodysize,the chimp hasfour timesasmuch
brainfor lessbody.The chimp is thechamp!
brainasthe elephant-more
Questionsfor Passage #34:
Selectthe best title.
34.1
Subject matter A. The elephant'smemory
B. School for animals
C. Judgingintelligence
D. The chimP'sbrain
E. The smartestanimal
The main idea of this passageis that
34.2
Generalization A. there are severalways of measuringthe intelligence of animals
B. chimps and elephantshave the best memory'
C. intelligence tests show that the chimp is the smartestanimal.
D. the scientistsdeviseda gigantic maze and ran the chimps and
elephantsthrough it.
E.,in proportionto its body size,the chimp's brain is four times
aslarge as the elephant's.
3a3 @)
Detail
test is designedto test an animal's
The delayed-response
A. eyesight
B. intelligence
C. learning abilitY
D. memory
E. sensitivity to odor
34.4(b)
Detail
The passageindicatesthat elephants
A. never forget
B. are smarterthan chimPs
C. are slower-moving than chimPs
D. have better memories than chimps
E. solvedthe maze in ten minutes
34.5
Conclusion
According to the passage,a rhinocerosthat weighs 2700 lbs. and
has a 3-lb. brain is
A. equal in intelligence to chimP
B. more intelligent than an elephant
C. less intelligent than an elephant
D. equal in intelligence to an elephant
E. betweena chimp and an elephantintelligence
82
Reading Passage#80
For hundredsof years it was believed that air was a single substance.But
it is now known that air is a mixture of several gases. Two common gases,
nitrogen and oxygen, make up about 99o/oo the total volume of the air. About
78% of the air consists of nitrogen, and nearly 2lYo is oxygen. The remainder
consists of very small quantities of carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and ozone, and of
the rare gasesneon, kqrpton, helium and xenon. Besides these gases,air contains
water vapor and many small particles of solid matter. The particles most
commonly found in air are salt from the sea,dust from the earth, microbesand the
pollen grains and sporesproducedby plants.
Questionsfor Passage# 80:
80.r
The besttitle for this passageis:
Subjectmatter A. A CuriousMixture
B. Measuringthe Au
C. The Compositionof Air
D. TheWeightof Air
E. Gases,VaporsandParticles
is that
84.2
The beststatementof the main ideaof this passage
GeneralizationA. it wasbelievedthat air wasa singlesubstance.
B. air is a mixtureof severalgasesandparticles.
C. two commongasesmakeup about99% of the air.
D. air containswatervaporandparticlesof solidmatter.
80.3
Detail(a)
Air is composedfor the most part of
A. nitrogen
B. oxygen
C. carbon dioxide
D. hydrogen
p. water vapor
83
80.4
Detail(b)
Which of the following is true?
A. Air is composedentirelyof gases.
B. Air is a singlesubstance.
microscopic
organisms.
C. Air contains
D. Air of freeof solid matter.
E. Raregasesmakeup99o/oof the air.
Reading Passage#85
Once upon a time, a worthy merchantof London, named Gilbert a Becket,
made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, and was taken prisoner by a SaracenLord.
This lord, who treated him kindly and not like a slave, had one fair daughter,who
fell in love with the merchant, and who told him that she wanted to become a
Christian, and was willing to marry him if they could fly to a Christian country.
The merchant retumed her love until he found an opportunity to escape,when he
did not trouble himself about the SaracenLady, but escapedwith his servant,
Richard, who had been taken prisoner along with him, and arrived in England.
The Saracen Lady, who was more loving than the merchant, left her
father's house in disguise to follow him, and made her way after many hardships
to the seashore.The merchant had taught her only two English words, (for i
supposehe must have learned the Saracentongue, and made in that language),of
which "London" was one, and his own name, "Gilbert" the other. She went
among the ships, saying, "London! London!" over and over again, until the sailors
understoodthat she wanted to find an English vesselthat would carry her there; so
they showed her such a ship, and she paid for her passagewith some of her
jewels, and sailedaway.
Well, the merchant was sitting in his countinghousein London one day,
when he heard a great noise in the street; presently his servant Richard came
84
running in from the warehouse,with his eyes wide open and breath almost gone,
saying, "Master, Master, here is the Saracen Lady." The merchant thought
Richard was mad, but Richard said, "No matter. As I live, the SaracenLady is
going up and down the city calling, 'Gilbert, Gilbert'." Then he took the merchant
by the sleeve, and pointed out the window, and there they saw her among the
gables and water spoutsof the dark, dirty street, in her foreign dress, so forlorn,
surrounded by a wondering crowd, and passing slowly along, calling, "Gilbert,
Gilbert!"
When the merchant saw her, and thought of the tendemessshe had known
him in his captivity, and of her constancy,his heart was moved, and he ran down
into the street; and she saw him coming, and with a great cry fainted in his arms.
They were married without loss of time, and Richard (who was an excellent man)
danced with joy the whole day of the wedding; and they all lived happy ever
afterwards.
Questionsfor Passage#85:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What do you think the main idea of the passage?
Where doessomeof the action take place?
Why was the SaracenLady able to find Gilbert?
What do you think about the SaracenLady's and Gilbert characteristics?
What is the meaning of "hardship"?
AnswerKey of ReadingPassagel{342
animal
1. E / Thesmartest
2. A / Thereareseveralwaysof measuringthe intelligenceof animals.
3. D / memory.
4. C I areslower'movingthanchimps.
5. C / lessintelligentthanan elephant.
#80:
AnswerKey of ReadingPassage
of air.
1. C / Thecomposition
2. B / air is a mixtureof severalgasesandparticles.
3. A / nitrogen.
4. C / Air containsmicroscopicorganisms.
#85:
AnswerKey of the ReadingPassage
L The love storybetweenSaracenLady andGilberta Becket..
2. Holy Land,London.
3. Becauseshehadbeentaughtto saytwo Englishwords;Londonand
Gilbert.
arekind, loyal andtender,while Gilbert is
4. SaracenLady'scharacteristics
tough andconstant.
5. Hardship: kesulitan.
86
Third Obseruatlon
Agriculture
i!1srieyit.qial-l
,87
llllndou on mo World2
......ooooooo(}
Rcad,tlw texl abouemorc carcfully, then write T in the bares ifthe statentent
is''true' and F if it is'folse'!
E
E
I
Thailand producesmore natural nrbber than Indonesia.
2
Indonesia's production of natural rubber is nrostly for
domcstic markets.
3
Indonesia'svolume of coffeeexports fell in 1991but it rose '
[_]
again in 1992.
4
International trade ha.s affected the volume and value of
Indonesia'acoffeeexports.
5
Stateowned estatcs contributed more of the tea produced
for export rather than the privately'orvnedestatesdid'
r
6
At present, Indonesin is the largest sugar producer in the
rvorld.
E
7
Pahn oil is only used for cookingoil.
tl
n
Find thewords in tlrc text uhich haue theseeqttiualent in bahasa.Irtdorrc'.sio.
1 petani kecil
=
2 naik turun
=
3 dalam negeri
=
4 perkebunan negara =
=
5 diPerkirakan
Sit in groups ond linf
grow.
6 satnadengan =
=
7 be:nilai
=
I Penting
=
I merosot
l0 kira-kira
=
out in what part of Indonesia !ftese cosA crop."
co.shcrttps
In group of two, practiseto ask ond answer obout what the
nentioned in To,eh one are for'
For example: A : What do peopleuse spicesfor?
B : Peopleuse spicesfor flavouring food'
Task three
?
Reportyour ftndings to tlw clas.sorally'
aiher groupsnay disagree with you'
,1n6afiao,
Aar-@Ooooooo""
Task two
t)-
v
.-t
tlt
.
....9s
Motch the picturesin fcs,t one with thesedescriptions. :
ffiM
Indonesiois lhe secondlorgestproducerof nolurolond semilProcessed
rubber ofter Thoilond.Ten percenlof Indoaesio'snoturoliubber pro
while lhe remoining90 percentis expoded,
ductionis useddomesticolly,
form, to morkelsoroundth'eworld.
in nolurol ond semi-processed
Exportsof cocoo beonshovegrown lo becomeon imporlonlelement
in'fndonesio'sogricuhurolexports,eorning$165.7 millionin 1993,
equivolentto neirly 6.3 percento[ totolexportsfrom the ogriculturol
seclor.
ffiffi
Indonesio is the world's third lorgesl coffee producer ond o moior
exporler. Over the posf live yeors, both the volume of coflee exporls
ond their volue hove fluctuoledowing to instobilityin inlernolionol
coffee lrode. The volume of exports climbed from 352,0C0 lons in
l9g9 ro 4l5,OOO lons in l99O beforeslippingbock to 372,@0 tons
ond 250.000 rons respectivelyin l99l ond 1992. Exporl volume
oicked up oqoin in 1993 lo reoch 330,000 lons. In termsof volue,
ioreignexchJng" eorningsfrom colfeeexportsreoched$szo.l million
in 1993.
Asib, Indonesiois one of the lorgestof sugorproducers.
In Soulheost
e"en, *h"n Indonesiowos governodby Dutch,lndonesiowos fhe
loroestsugorproducerin lhe world.Thesugoris modefromsugorcone
port
in southern
especiolly
thoi is grJwn'id severolporlsin Indonesio,
Indonesio'sleo exporls-which include block teo leoves,.powdered
block leo, green teo leovesond othervoriefies-were voluedol $ 155.7
5.9 percenlof Indonesio's
millionin 1993, occounlingfor opproximolely
percenlof teo production
60
Somo
yeor.
in
thot
exports
lotol ogriculturol
percenlecrchby
plonlotions,'20
sfole
by
produced
is esfiiored to be
esloles'
privolelyowned
smollholderplonlotions'ond
o[consumer
of polm oil< moloringredienlin lhe production
Production
o
ond.cooking.oil-hos
productssuch os sooP, morgorine
.become
reoched
oil
polm.
Lf
Production
iubstontiol businessin Indoiesio.
525,OOOtons in 1993 lrom 483,OOOlons in 1992, while output.of
lhe
p"f"i .firoru lrom 2.18 milliontons in 1992 to 2.29 milliontons
followingyeor'
(hdonesioSourceBook: 1994,
P. 103-l0l)
AnswerKey of "Agriculture":
Tasktwo
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
pictureno. 3
pictureno. I
pictureno.4
pictureno. 5
pictureno. 2
pictureno. 6
Taskthree
l.T
2.F
3.F
4.7
5.7
6.7
7.F
Taskfour
1. smallholderplantations
2. fluctuated
3. domestically
4. stateplantations
5. accountingfor approximately
6. equivalent
7. valued
8. important
9. slippingback
10.nearly
90
Appendix II
The Material for TeachingReadingat SMU GraciaSurabaya
9t
First Obsentation
Look at the following pictures ttren answer the
l.
7.
3.
4.
5.
Wha, are theyl
In what areado they usuallylitcl
Do they live in rhe cleanor dirq' placeslWhyl
Are thcy friendsor enenriesin your house!Vhy!
What Canwe do to keep us a\\'avfrom rheseaniurals!
Read the text carefully then discussthe answers offask t with your partner.
SmEBrfi€ffi€g$
sHe
at Home
homeis a placewherepeopleiook, eat,
sleepand lookaftertheirchildren.
lt propeoplefrom harshweather-cold,rain,
the.burning
rays.ofthe sun-as wellas
insects,
animalsandotherdangers.5o a
me is a very important placefor peopleto
Sanitation
at homeisimportant.Peoplecan
do a lot to improve some of their living
c o n d i t i o n s i n w h i c h t h e y l i v e .T h e y s h o u l d
refrigeratefood properlyor storeit caiefullyto
keepit awayfrom bacteria,and they shouldnot
leavefood lyingaroundbecauseit may attract
insects
and ratsthat canspreadout bacteriaand
EeheselnggrisSMU KelasI
will
food.We
tlreirtoxinswhichcancontaminate
'.
get disease
if we eat them.
Youcanhelp keepfoodiafe by not transferringbacteriato food. by slowingdown the
growthof bacteria,and by destroyingbacteria
in food;keepallpartsof thehouseneatandclean
py sweeping
andmopping.You
alsoshouldtidy
handntsfreely.When
up themand usedisinfecta
and
ingfoodkeepyourhands,kitchenutensils,
your
ascleanaspossible.Wash
cuttingsurfaces
handswith soapand waterafter touchingraw
meat,poultry,or eggs.Thesefood canbe conwith bacteria
thatyoucantransfer
to
taminated
otherfood.
--.-.-*'
3
Cookingfood completelyas soon as possibie after remgving them from storagewill
destroy6act€ria.In addition,thoroughlycook
ing food destroysother pathogenssuchastapeworrns.You can also avoid food poisoning by
avoidingfood that might not be safe.Do not consumeany food that showsignsof spoilagesuch
as a leakingor bulgingcan.Any food that hasa
peculiarcolouror odourshouldbe thrown away.
S a n i t a r yc o n d i t i o n o f a h o u s e p r o t e c t s
people from germs but healthproblemsnot
causedby germsarea growingchallengein the
field of sanitationtoday.
Match each main idea in the left column with each number of paragraph
in the right column.
Mcrin ldeq
l.
2.
3.
4.
5.
How to keep food safefrom bacteria.
Sanitationat home is important.
Healthproblemsare not only causedby germs.
A home is an important placeto live.
How to prev.entor avoid food poiioning.
Parogrcrph
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
one
two
three
four
five
What do the following italicized words refer to?
l)
l. ... it or()tcctspeople... (paragrirph
Z. ... in s'l'richt/rc;-live ... (parrgraph2)
3)
i. ... sroreit caretulll'... (paragraph
2)
ic nrayac{ract... (paragrrrph
4. ... bcczrusc
(prragrrrph
))
t. ... slr,rul,.l
tirl.vup thcrn...
Read the text more carefully then answer the questions.
l. Wlrat is thc funcciono[a lrome]
l. Vhy do peoplerefrigerace
fcxrdl
I \\'lrv ulust wc not lerve food lying ilrtruttr.l
:tt [rottt.']
rtill
if rvc pucltro.llvingnrotltlrl!
[tapl1',.'11
)\ lr.rt
trxxll
\\'lr;rt rvill h,,tp1''g11
i[ s'c'eirt cotrtluriturted
t1. \\'lrrrt itrc the f(lur sittety rtrles that vr.rucilll tollorr'(o !rrr'\'ctlt fo!)d
Srniocion rt Homc
93
Answer Key of *Sanitation at Home":
Task three
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
c / three
bi two
e Ifle
a/one
difour
Task four
l.
2.
3.
4.
5.
home
people
food
food
bacteria
Task five
l.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
To protect people from harshweather; cold, rain, wind, the buming rays of
the sun, as well as from insects,animals and other dangers.
To keep it away from bacteria.
Becauseit may attract insectsand rats.
The bacteria can spreadout and their toxins, which contiminate food.
We will get diseaseif we eat them.
Do not consumeany food that show signsof spoilagesuch as a leaking or
bulgrng can, any food that has a peculiar color or odor should be thrown
away.
SecondObservation
Obserrye the pictures then ansrrer the questions that follow'
1.
Z.
3.
4.
5.
\(/ho is the womanin PictureAl
Who is the man in the Picturc B!
What is the.manin the picnrrcC doingl
Vhatdid theydiscover?
Whatdid theycontributeto the worldl
Before reading, answer the fottowing questions by looking through the
texL
I. Who believedthat it waspossibleto changesomethinginto nochingand chatnoching
could becomesomething?
'\Uhere
did RogerBaconlivel
2..
3. When did lavoisier discoverthe processof oxidation!
4. . Who helpedalchemydevelopincomodernchemisrryl
5, Where did lavoisier makeexperiments?
lnventor anaoiscJerea
21
agi€ €e Seieql€e
believedthat
In the old daysphilosophers
in the world
elements
basic
there were four
namely:earth,fire,air,and water.Mostof them
agreedthat all tlvingthingson earthconsistof
mixed in different
thosesimplesubstances,
proportions.
Basedon this idea,manylearned
menthought that they could makelife longer,
and with the help of what theY
cal le d'Ph i l o s o p h e rSto
' s n e ',
changecheapmetalinto gold.
calledalchemy..
Thissciencewas
ThoselearnedmenwereParts
of thosewho believedin some
kindsof magicManypeopleinthe
middleagesbelievedthat it was
into
possible
to makesomething
nothingorto letnothingbecQme
something.Therewere lots of
evidenceto provethisldea.TheY
sawlogsburningleavingonlYa
linledust andobservedmaggos
lnhabitingdeadbodies.
In3teadof the effortto makelifelonger,and
anEnglish
for gold,RogerBacon,
atsothesearch
that
scientistof thethirteenthcenturysuggested
finding
their effort shouldbe directedtoward
wap to helppeoplehavea betterlife.Healsosaid
nothingisreally
thingsmaychange
thatalthough
lostTheamountof matterinthe worldisalways
thesame.
who helped
Anotherpioneer,Paracelsus,
alchemy
developintomodernchemistrydeclared
that salt,sulphur,and mercurymixed in the
prop€rproportioniwould begoodfor ourheaIth'
[r" .tto insistedthat the searchfor gold should
bestopped.
After
madeexperiments'
Inirance,Lavoisier
thatburning
hewasconvinced
theexperiments
wasciusedby the unionof oxygenvrithother
l- iecatledthis oxidation'These
chem icals.
werecarriedout in
experimens
theeighteenthcentury.
In the ear lYnineteenth
centurythe Englishchemist,
John Dalton,declar edthat
matteris comPosedof verY
smallparticlescalledatoms,
andthatthe atomsof various
differin theirweight.
elements
Theatomictheoryalsostated
that a unionof two or more
a molecule.
atomscomPrises
Ataboutthesametime,an
Avogadro,
ItalianPhYsicist,
addedan ideathat a volumeof bne kindof gas
containsthe samenumberof moleculesas an
of anyotherkindof gasif bothare
equalvolume
underthe sameconditionsof temperatureand
lscalledAvogadro'slaw.
pressure.This
whoneedsmentioningwere
Othersclentists
former
andLouisPasteur.The
DimitriMendeleyev
thefirstPeriodicTable,
wasfamousfor publishing
theoryon therelation
forhis
thelanerwasfamous
compositionand molecular
betweenchemicats
thewayof fighting
Healsodiscovered
structure.
rabies.
Read the text intensively then answer the fotlowing questions.
l. What werethe two rhingschatalchemywasaimingat?
Inwhich paragraph.".riu.find explanarionaboutchemistryusedfor our healchl
l. What is oxidadonl
abouratomictheory?
4. ln which paragraphcanwe find explanacion
5. Doyou thinkAvogadro'slaw wasagainstDatron'stheory?
6. What doesthe word "them"in paragtaph1 refertol
2 referto?
t . \Uhacdoesthe words"this idea"in paragraph
8. Who publishedchefirst PeriodicTable?
z.
tuhaa lnggrisSMIJKetasttl
Answer Key of *From Magic to Science":
l. Make life longerandchangecheapmetalinto gold.
2. Four.
3. oxidation is burningwascausedby the unionof orygenwith other
chemicals.
4. Six.
5. No, hejust addedDalton'stheory.
6. Philosopher.
7. The possibilityto makesomethinginto nothingor let nothingbecome
something.
8. Dimitri Mendeleyevandlouis pasteur.
H
Third Obsemation
Observe the pictures then answer the questions that follow.
;1.#1,:
t'#lvj
j'1
:{'-:
1..
1 . What do you think aboucthc Fic1111.t1
z. Which transportationdo you rhink is more comforcabtelWhyl
3 . Do you think thosekinds of rrrursptrrtationare scill suitablefor cheyear of 2002?
4. Vhat are the advanragesof rrirr.clingby planel
5 . Which public rransportis the sufesr!
EahasalnoorisSMUKelaslll
98
Before. reading, arlswer-.the following questionj bi.lookiirg through the
texL
t.
Who invencidthe aerbplanel
z. Whcredid thc first regularflighr for passengerservicebeginl
t. What hashelpedproducingfasterand niorecomfortableplanes?
and arrivals?
4. What hashelpedarrangingfixedscheduleof flighr deparcures
5. What hasbccomepopularin Indonesiarecently?
EheAeroplane
O n eo f t h e m o s ti mp o rta n tme a n so f
transportation
todayis aeroplane.
Aeroplane
ghtThey
wasinventedbyWilburandOrvilleWri
flewtheirfirstplanein l903.Thefirstflight
covered
a distance
of 120feet.
Thefirstregular
flightfor passenger
service
beganin Americaonly26yearsafter
lt takesmanydaystogo bytrains
travelling.
or by shipsto coverthe distancethat a jet
planecoversin a fewhours.Airtravelisalso
verysafe.According
airtravel
to thestatistics
of casualties
hasthe leastper centage
of travelling.
compared
to otherways
Recently
airtravelhasbecome
Wlbur and OrvilleWright
flew their first plane.
popularin lndonesia.There
are severaldomestic
airlines
thatopecte
; all over the
country. The
biggestofthen is
''
Garudatndonesia
!" Airways.Garuda has
h u n d r e d so f j e t s a n d
propelled planes and it servesboth
domesticand oversedsroutes.Merpati
Nusantara,
Bouraq,andMandalaAirlines.and
others,only
servedomesticlines.There
arealso
s o r n eo t h e r a i r l i n e st h a t d e a l w i t h o n l y
charteredflighs. Everydaytherearehundreds
of planesanivinganddepartingfrom airport
alloverthe country.
Thefirstpassenger;
flight were not .
veryconvenienti
because
thespeed .i
wasslowandthere
radio
navigatoraids.But flight
sincethenhasbecome
mor€convenient
Modemtechnology
hashelpedto producefaster
planes,and modern
and morecomfortable
management
hashelpedto arrangefixed
schedule
offlightdepartures
andarrivals.
Nowadays
manypeople.like
travellingby
aeroplane
because
air travelis fastand less
tiring.In factair travelis the fastestway of
Answer the questions based on the text above.
l.
Z.
3.
4.
5.
Waschefirst flighcconvenient!\flhy!
Why doescheserviceof flighcbecomenrore.andnroreconveniencnowaday'sl
Which one is safeqair travelor landtravell How do you know that!
How nranydonresric
airlinesarecherein our countrylMentionthem!
Vhen did Vright brothersfly their first plane?
Flight
3l
99
Answer Key of ttTheAeroPlane":
Tasktwo
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
WilburandOrvilleWright.
In America.
ModerntechnologY.
Modernmanagement.
Air travel.
Taskthree
1. No, it was not. Becausethe speed was slow and there were no radio
navigator aids.
2. Becausemodern technolory has helped to produce faster and more
comfortable planes.
3. Air travel, be"urrs" according to the statistics air travel has the least
percentageof casualtiescomparedto other ways of traveling.
4. Foq Garuda Indonesia Ait*ays, Merpati Nusantara, Bouraq, and
Mandala Airlines, etc.
5. In 1903.
100
Appendix III
The Material for TeachingReading at SMUN 9 Surabaya
tlRtusTAXA4n
ll|rrrtU
Knolth Sldn
rd., "r-
Firct Observatiott
TNADE
IIITENNATIOI{A
:
Pant One '. IntennationalTrade
f.
/?ea)tog
!*-Fu)tag
lofuueKu)t^5
tert qulckl'i
Study thesequestionsaitdfind tlrc answerstn the
1 . What is the principleof comparative-advantage?
for much of its income?
exporttin anO'ruOUer
2. Wn.t
"ountry
TRADE
INTERNATIONAL
ttgmational trade [s the
nge of a goodsand services
g .countries..In most cases,
r'res do not trade the ac-tual
l and services.Rather,'they
he lncome received frorn the
of ttreir producis'to buy the
lctsof othercountries.
Vhy Natlons Tradg. .Nations
for severalreascins.First of
ey musttraciebecausenatural
trees vary trorn country. For
'pe. Canadais rich In dePosits
t mlneralnicket,but its c{imate
old for orangesto bo grown.
Jnlted Statehas a little nickel,
produce,amongother things,
crossbf oranges.Therefore,it
s seoSefor The UnitedState
port (sell) orangesto Canada
npgrt (buy)Canadian niCkel.
s,a;i:;*#ETt
{
Wtir
s.T-ffi'6q%tr$lR;"1E-rriUl*-f*-:i;lGlEGll![Jl
nations,but it has only limitedmineral
aian is lnother exarnple,i5 one of the world'sleadingindustrialized
it
import
the raw materialsthat it needs to
must
there{ore
in
industry,
useful
raw
materials
rrcesand other
exports.
lt
industrialgoocis
rfacture
the
of itemsthatit can make(or grow)best.
tradealsoaltowsa countryto specializein the production
rtemational
use of all its
advantage.lt enablesa'countryto makethe mo3tprod0ctive
is calledtheprincipalof comparative
theskillof itsY/orkers.
rrces,including
rlostintemationaltrade is carried out between industrializednations that have relativehigh standard of living.
reasonfolthis is that people in such countriei usually have enough income to buy foreign Products.Arrotheris
rdustriatizedcountriesgenerallyproduce a greatervarietyof goods.
zZ
/,lS t*aoaa)
a
3t
ry prooucrs.Prirnaryproduclsare: tne r3w materiatsfromwhichmanutaauredgooosar.emagq. They rnay be
Itturatpiodui rnirbrats:or'foqestprcducts;sr.rcfias tinber and naturalrubber.The Afrftxn nation of ivory coats
arr1pleis tfre wortd'schlef pr sometimes for examination and
the exercisefor the students.
6. Do you find any difficulties in teaching?
Yes, especiallyabout the vocabulary and the mastering of English.
7. If there is a student who is not interested in reading, how do you motivate
him/her?
- By asking the studentsto preparethe lessonwhich would be discussed.
- Teacherhasto know what's the problem of the students'
8. What strategiesdo you use in teachingreading at senior high school?
I have to make it appropriatewith the situation and condition of the class.
9. What are your reilsonsin using those strategies?
To make the studentsinterestedin learning reading'
10. what do you think of the use of dictionary in reading classes?
It is very important, in fact it is so difficult to ask the studentsbringing the
dictionary (most of the said that they are forget to bring it).
113
11. In your opinion, are there some things which need to be mastered by the
studentsin order to improve their reading achievernent?
Vocabulary and the knowledge about the information that relates to the
readingpassage.
12. In your opinion, what are the objectives of reading?
Studentsare expectedto comprehendthe topic or the problem of their
daily life,
- Students are expected to recognize the written and the uttered
messages,
- Enrich their information.
114
QUESTIONNAIRE
Name
.Z
Age
:35
Gender
: Male
School
: S MU C
Teacherof class
:II3-II8
l. What is your educationalbackground?
FKIP Bhs Inggris of UNESA.
2 When did you graduatefrom university?
r995
3. How long have you been teaching in the school?
Almost eight years,since 1995
4. Do you have any other experiencesbefore starting to teach the school?
No
5. Do you use other books as the sourcesto teach?
Yes, English for the senior High school by Ali Saukah & Arwrjati
Wahyudi, Book Two for the SecondYear Studentsby Depdikbud.
6. Do you find any difficulties in teaching?
Yes, I have to give some minutes to preparethe studentsto study so it can
wastethe time (around 5').
7. If there is a student who is not interested in reading, how do you motivate
him/her?
I might ask the studentsto read or prepare it first at home. Sometimes I
give somejokes to the students.
8. What strategiesdo you use in teaching reading at senior high school?
It depends on the situation and condition of the class also the reading
passage.If the reading passageis easy, I will not use the strategies to teach
reading detail.
9. What are your reasonsin using those strategies?
To make the studentsare able to comprehendand understandthe reading
passageeasily.
10. What do you think of the use of dictionary in reading classes?
It is very important but he will not be asking the students to bring it
becauseit is very difficult to be applied by the students.
115
11. In your opinion, are there some things which need to be mastered by the
studentsin order to improve their reading achievement?
Vocabulary, pronunciation and some other information related to the
readingpassage.
12. In your opinion, what are the objectives of reading?
Achieve more knowledge and information, enrich their vocabularies,
understandthe messageinside the reading passage.
tlR?ttsTAx
l|rtndtu
Kerolih
^AN
$/r:r'nr
I
73
Appendix I
The Material for TeachingReadingat SMUK ST. Louis I
Surabava
74
First Observation
@
ask one
t
I
;
Hey ay the picturcs of troditional arrs and crofts. obserue'tlum, tlen
rurite down tluir namcs ond state thn rcgbn or prcvirrceof thcir
ortgin.
75
lyialafl oo fbc Utortd 2
|
Task tvro
Il.,:url lh.t:fullouittg
.'
tttxl. tlrcrt o,,*,ur,,...ii,cquaslktns that lolbw.
a.
IKAT
[lhe Indoncsianwon)iheil, which mcans to tie or
I bind, is used as the name for intricately
patternedcloth of which thc threads are tie-dyed
through a very painstaking and skillful process
heforc they are \roven together.
Ikat cloth is made in many scattered regions
of the archipelago,from Sumatra to Maluku, but it
is in Nusa Tenggara that this ancienCart form
thrives most strongly. tkat garments are still in
daily use in many areas, and there's an incredible diversity of colours and pattern:;.
The spectacular ikat of Sumba and the intricately patterned work of Flores are the
best knorvn, but Timor and l,ombok and small islands like Roti, Sawu, Ndao and
Lembata all have their own varied and high-quality traditions, as do Sulawr:si,
Kalimantan and Sumatra.
lkat cloth is nearly ahvays made of cotton, that is spun rvith traditional spinning
rvheel, though factory-made threads have come into use. Dyes are traditionalll'
handmade from local plants and minerals, and these give ikat its characteristicall.v
earthy brorvn, red, yellow and orange tones as u,ell as the blue of indigo, a darli
colour betrveenblue and violet.
Traditional dyes are made from natural sources. The most complex processes
are those concerned rvith the bright rust colour, known in Sumba as kombu, rvhich
is produced from the bark and roots.of the kombu tree. Blue dyes come from the
indigo plant, and purple or brown can be produced by dyeing the cloth deep blue
GLOSSARY
= rumit
intriata (adi)
painstaking(adj)
wftared (adj)
lhdve (v)
.weave
(v)
bark (n)
J uiu
.
= tersebar
= be//(embsng
= monenun
= kulit kalu .
,
a
4
5
6
Task three
1.a..
\Fj
,!t
and then overdyeingit rvith konrbu.
There is a definite scheduleof work for the
traditional productionof ikat. In Sumbathe thread
is spun betrveenJuly and October,and the patterns
bound betrveenSeptemberand December.After the
rain ends in Aprii, the blue and kombu dyeing is
chrried out. [n August the weaving starts - more
than a year after rvork on the thread began.
lVhat does 'ikat' mean?
\\hy is the clolh nanrecl'ikat'?
Where does fanrous ikat cloth come from?
What is the basic nraterial for nraking ikat cloth?
Why does the colour given to the cloth have specific charlcteristics
Why is the processof.dyeing carried out in April?
Find out ttorclsor pltrascsitt tlte ter'twhich ,neett ntora or'lcs.*//rt'..orrr
as the follorcing. Tlrc numbcrs in brochets slntu the paragraph tutntltcr:
1
2
3
extremelycareful (1)
complicated(1)
(2)
unbelievable
4
5
fantastic/striking(2)
undertakcn/conductedt4)
76
THEBATAKS
lTl here are two versions of the
I d,"r""odant of the Bataks. Accordingto
the legend, all Batalcs are descendedfrom Si
Raja Batak, who was born of superuatural
parentageon Bukit Pusulc"a mountain in the
western edgeof [,ake Toba. But, according to
anthropologists,the Batals are a Proto-Malay
people descended from Neolithic mountain
tribes in Northeru Thailand and Burma Their
first settleoent iu Sumatra was around Lake
Toba- They lived there in virtual isolation for
ceuturies.
Today, there are more than six million
Batals. they are divided into six main groupings-Tbe Pakpak Batak to the north-west of
To-baLake, the l(aro Batak ground Berastagi and Kabanjahe, the Simalungun Batak
and lt{andailing Batak in the further south.
The majority of today's Bataks are Protestant, especially in the North around
I-ake Toba and the IGro Highland. Islam is the predominant religion in the souLh.
However, many Bataks still incorporate elements of traditional animist belief and
ritual. Traditional beliefs combine cosmologa,ancestor and spirit worship and,tondi.
Tondi is the concept of the soul, the spirit-the essence of a person's individualiti'. /r
is believed to develop before a child is born. It exists near the body and from time io
time takes its leave, which causes illness. It is essenLial for Bataks to make sacri|tces
to their tondi to keep it in good humour.
There is a legend about the omnipotent god Ompung. One day Ompung leant
casually against a huge banyan tree and dislodged a decayed bough that plum'
meted into the sea. From this branch came the fish and all the living creatures of
the oceans. Not long afterwards, anottrer bough dropped to the ground and issued
crickets, caterpillar, centipedes, scorpions and insects. Ttre third branch broke into
large chunlis rvhich rvere transformed into tigers, deer, bears, monkeys, birds and all
the animals of thd-jungle. The fourth branch which scattered over the plains bccanre
horses, buffaloes, goats, pigs and all the domestic animals. Human beings appeared
from the eggs produced by a pair of newly created birds, born at the height of .a
violent earthqgakg,.
77
Task two
v
Task three
v
Find the best heading for each paragraph in the text aboue.
,rii"..i;ril:*:iilii;i,'Topic
1
2
3
4
5
Paragrbph
A Batak tradition
The mythology
fire origin of the Batak people
The religion
The grouping of the Batak people
Read again the text rnore carefully to answer the following questions.
I
How many groups are the Bataks divided intoi Mention the groups.
2
Did god Ompung create all the living things ? Explain your answer.
3
Who do you think the Bataks descendant?Explain your answer.
4
Which paragraph. tells you the influence of animism on the Baiak
culture?
5
"It is believedto developbeforea child is born."(par.3,line 6) !\'hat
does the rvord 'it' refer to?
78
AnswerKey of ttlkat":
TaskOne
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Angklungfrom WestJava
ReogMask from Ponorogo
Blangkonfrom Centerof Java
WayangKulit from Centerof Java
Tari Piring from Sumatra
Tasktwo
1 . Ikat meansto tie or bind2 . becauseit is used as the name for intricately patternedcloth of which the
3.
4.
5.
6.
process
threads are tie-dyed through the very painstaking and skillful
before they are woven together'
FamousIkat cloth comes from Nusa Tenggara'
The basic material for making ikat cloth comes from cotton.
Becausedyes are traditionally handmadefrom local plants and minerals'
Becauserain endsin APril.
Task three
l.
2.
3.
4.
5.
painstaking
intricate
spectacular
incredible
produced
*The Bataks':
Answer Key of
Task two
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Paragraph5
Paragraph4
ParagraphI
Paragraph3
Paragraph2
Task three
1. Six main groupings;the PakpakBatak, the Karo Batak around Berastagi
and Kabanjahe,the simalungun Batak and Mandailing Batak.
2. Yes, he did. Becauseone day, Ompung leant casually againsta huge
banyantree and dislodged a decayedbough that plummeted into the sea.
From this branch came the fish and all the living creaturesof the oc-eans.
79
from Neolithicmountain
3. Bataksarea proto-Malaypeopledescended
tribesin NorthernThailandandBurma.
three.
4. Paragraph
5. "It" refersto Tondi.
80
Second Observation (takenfrom Eighty Eight Passages)
Reading Passage#34
Of all the animalsin the animal kingdom,which one (asidefrom man) is
smartest?
There are severalways of measuringthe intelligence of animals. In one
test a scientist setsthree identical cans on a table. While the animal watches,he
puts food under one of the cans.Then, he leadsthe animal away. Sometime later,
he brings it back to seeif it rememberswhich can has the food. No sniffing is
allowed; the animal must go directly to the correct can or it fails.
This is called a delayed-response
test.The idea is to find out how long an
animals memory can retain information. The scientistswould try showing the cans
to the animal one hour later, or two hours later, or even a full day later. They
discoveredthat chimpatueesand elephantshave the best memory, and are able to
rememberthe correct can for at least twenty hours. No other animal is close. Dogs
came next, but they only rememberedfor nine hours.
To settle the matter, the scientists devised a gigantic maze and ran the
chimps and elephantsthrough it. The mtve was very complicated,with many
blind alleysand deadends.It took the chimps ten minutesto find their way out.
The elephantsneededa half hour. Even allowing for the elephants' slower rate of
speed,the test indicatesthat chimpanzeesare the smartestanimals.
From this and other tests,the scientistsdrew the following conclusion: an
animal's intelligencedependson the size of its brain in proportionto the size of
its body. The elephant'sbrain weighsten pounds.But this is only l/6006 of its
6000 poundbody. A chimp's brain weigln aboutone pound,or l/120ft of its total
81
bodyweight.Soin proportionto its bodysize,the chimp hasfour timesasmuch
brainfor lessbody.The chimp is thechamp!
brainasthe elephant-more
Questionsfor Passage #34:
Selectthe best title.
34.1
Subject matter A. The elephant'smemory
B. School for animals
C. Judgingintelligence
D. The chimP'sbrain
E. The smartestanimal
The main idea of this passageis that
34.2
Generalization A. there are severalways of measuringthe intelligence of animals
B. chimps and elephantshave the best memory'
C. intelligence tests show that the chimp is the smartestanimal.
D. the scientistsdeviseda gigantic maze and ran the chimps and
elephantsthrough it.
E.,in proportionto its body size,the chimp's brain is four times
aslarge as the elephant's.
3a3 @)
Detail
test is designedto test an animal's
The delayed-response
A. eyesight
B. intelligence
C. learning abilitY
D. memory
E. sensitivity to odor
34.4(b)
Detail
The passageindicatesthat elephants
A. never forget
B. are smarterthan chimPs
C. are slower-moving than chimPs
D. have better memories than chimps
E. solvedthe maze in ten minutes
34.5
Conclusion
According to the passage,a rhinocerosthat weighs 2700 lbs. and
has a 3-lb. brain is
A. equal in intelligence to chimP
B. more intelligent than an elephant
C. less intelligent than an elephant
D. equal in intelligence to an elephant
E. betweena chimp and an elephantintelligence
82
Reading Passage#80
For hundredsof years it was believed that air was a single substance.But
it is now known that air is a mixture of several gases. Two common gases,
nitrogen and oxygen, make up about 99o/oo the total volume of the air. About
78% of the air consists of nitrogen, and nearly 2lYo is oxygen. The remainder
consists of very small quantities of carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and ozone, and of
the rare gasesneon, kqrpton, helium and xenon. Besides these gases,air contains
water vapor and many small particles of solid matter. The particles most
commonly found in air are salt from the sea,dust from the earth, microbesand the
pollen grains and sporesproducedby plants.
Questionsfor Passage# 80:
80.r
The besttitle for this passageis:
Subjectmatter A. A CuriousMixture
B. Measuringthe Au
C. The Compositionof Air
D. TheWeightof Air
E. Gases,VaporsandParticles
is that
84.2
The beststatementof the main ideaof this passage
GeneralizationA. it wasbelievedthat air wasa singlesubstance.
B. air is a mixtureof severalgasesandparticles.
C. two commongasesmakeup about99% of the air.
D. air containswatervaporandparticlesof solidmatter.
80.3
Detail(a)
Air is composedfor the most part of
A. nitrogen
B. oxygen
C. carbon dioxide
D. hydrogen
p. water vapor
83
80.4
Detail(b)
Which of the following is true?
A. Air is composedentirelyof gases.
B. Air is a singlesubstance.
microscopic
organisms.
C. Air contains
D. Air of freeof solid matter.
E. Raregasesmakeup99o/oof the air.
Reading Passage#85
Once upon a time, a worthy merchantof London, named Gilbert a Becket,
made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, and was taken prisoner by a SaracenLord.
This lord, who treated him kindly and not like a slave, had one fair daughter,who
fell in love with the merchant, and who told him that she wanted to become a
Christian, and was willing to marry him if they could fly to a Christian country.
The merchant retumed her love until he found an opportunity to escape,when he
did not trouble himself about the SaracenLady, but escapedwith his servant,
Richard, who had been taken prisoner along with him, and arrived in England.
The Saracen Lady, who was more loving than the merchant, left her
father's house in disguise to follow him, and made her way after many hardships
to the seashore.The merchant had taught her only two English words, (for i
supposehe must have learned the Saracentongue, and made in that language),of
which "London" was one, and his own name, "Gilbert" the other. She went
among the ships, saying, "London! London!" over and over again, until the sailors
understoodthat she wanted to find an English vesselthat would carry her there; so
they showed her such a ship, and she paid for her passagewith some of her
jewels, and sailedaway.
Well, the merchant was sitting in his countinghousein London one day,
when he heard a great noise in the street; presently his servant Richard came
84
running in from the warehouse,with his eyes wide open and breath almost gone,
saying, "Master, Master, here is the Saracen Lady." The merchant thought
Richard was mad, but Richard said, "No matter. As I live, the SaracenLady is
going up and down the city calling, 'Gilbert, Gilbert'." Then he took the merchant
by the sleeve, and pointed out the window, and there they saw her among the
gables and water spoutsof the dark, dirty street, in her foreign dress, so forlorn,
surrounded by a wondering crowd, and passing slowly along, calling, "Gilbert,
Gilbert!"
When the merchant saw her, and thought of the tendemessshe had known
him in his captivity, and of her constancy,his heart was moved, and he ran down
into the street; and she saw him coming, and with a great cry fainted in his arms.
They were married without loss of time, and Richard (who was an excellent man)
danced with joy the whole day of the wedding; and they all lived happy ever
afterwards.
Questionsfor Passage#85:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What do you think the main idea of the passage?
Where doessomeof the action take place?
Why was the SaracenLady able to find Gilbert?
What do you think about the SaracenLady's and Gilbert characteristics?
What is the meaning of "hardship"?
AnswerKey of ReadingPassagel{342
animal
1. E / Thesmartest
2. A / Thereareseveralwaysof measuringthe intelligenceof animals.
3. D / memory.
4. C I areslower'movingthanchimps.
5. C / lessintelligentthanan elephant.
#80:
AnswerKey of ReadingPassage
of air.
1. C / Thecomposition
2. B / air is a mixtureof severalgasesandparticles.
3. A / nitrogen.
4. C / Air containsmicroscopicorganisms.
#85:
AnswerKey of the ReadingPassage
L The love storybetweenSaracenLady andGilberta Becket..
2. Holy Land,London.
3. Becauseshehadbeentaughtto saytwo Englishwords;Londonand
Gilbert.
arekind, loyal andtender,while Gilbert is
4. SaracenLady'scharacteristics
tough andconstant.
5. Hardship: kesulitan.
86
Third Obseruatlon
Agriculture
i!1srieyit.qial-l
,87
llllndou on mo World2
......ooooooo(}
Rcad,tlw texl abouemorc carcfully, then write T in the bares ifthe statentent
is''true' and F if it is'folse'!
E
E
I
Thailand producesmore natural nrbber than Indonesia.
2
Indonesia's production of natural rubber is nrostly for
domcstic markets.
3
Indonesia'svolume of coffeeexports fell in 1991but it rose '
[_]
again in 1992.
4
International trade ha.s affected the volume and value of
Indonesia'acoffeeexports.
5
Stateowned estatcs contributed more of the tea produced
for export rather than the privately'orvnedestatesdid'
r
6
At present, Indonesin is the largest sugar producer in the
rvorld.
E
7
Pahn oil is only used for cookingoil.
tl
n
Find thewords in tlrc text uhich haue theseeqttiualent in bahasa.Irtdorrc'.sio.
1 petani kecil
=
2 naik turun
=
3 dalam negeri
=
4 perkebunan negara =
=
5 diPerkirakan
Sit in groups ond linf
grow.
6 satnadengan =
=
7 be:nilai
=
I Penting
=
I merosot
l0 kira-kira
=
out in what part of Indonesia !ftese cosA crop."
co.shcrttps
In group of two, practiseto ask ond answer obout what the
nentioned in To,eh one are for'
For example: A : What do peopleuse spicesfor?
B : Peopleuse spicesfor flavouring food'
Task three
?
Reportyour ftndings to tlw clas.sorally'
aiher groupsnay disagree with you'
,1n6afiao,
Aar-@Ooooooo""
Task two
t)-
v
.-t
tlt
.
....9s
Motch the picturesin fcs,t one with thesedescriptions. :
ffiM
Indonesiois lhe secondlorgestproducerof nolurolond semilProcessed
rubber ofter Thoilond.Ten percenlof Indoaesio'snoturoliubber pro
while lhe remoining90 percentis expoded,
ductionis useddomesticolly,
form, to morkelsoroundth'eworld.
in nolurol ond semi-processed
Exportsof cocoo beonshovegrown lo becomeon imporlonlelement
in'fndonesio'sogricuhurolexports,eorning$165.7 millionin 1993,
equivolentto neirly 6.3 percento[ totolexportsfrom the ogriculturol
seclor.
ffiffi
Indonesio is the world's third lorgesl coffee producer ond o moior
exporler. Over the posf live yeors, both the volume of coflee exporls
ond their volue hove fluctuoledowing to instobilityin inlernolionol
coffee lrode. The volume of exports climbed from 352,0C0 lons in
l9g9 ro 4l5,OOO lons in l99O beforeslippingbock to 372,@0 tons
ond 250.000 rons respectivelyin l99l ond 1992. Exporl volume
oicked up oqoin in 1993 lo reoch 330,000 lons. In termsof volue,
ioreignexchJng" eorningsfrom colfeeexportsreoched$szo.l million
in 1993.
Asib, Indonesiois one of the lorgestof sugorproducers.
In Soulheost
e"en, *h"n Indonesiowos governodby Dutch,lndonesiowos fhe
loroestsugorproducerin lhe world.Thesugoris modefromsugorcone
port
in southern
especiolly
thoi is grJwn'id severolporlsin Indonesio,
Indonesio'sleo exporls-which include block teo leoves,.powdered
block leo, green teo leovesond othervoriefies-were voluedol $ 155.7
5.9 percenlof Indonesio's
millionin 1993, occounlingfor opproximolely
percenlof teo production
60
Somo
yeor.
in
thot
exports
lotol ogriculturol
percenlecrchby
plonlotions,'20
sfole
by
produced
is esfiiored to be
esloles'
privolelyowned
smollholderplonlotions'ond
o[consumer
of polm oil< moloringredienlin lhe production
Production
o
ond.cooking.oil-hos
productssuch os sooP, morgorine
.become
reoched
oil
polm.
Lf
Production
iubstontiol businessin Indoiesio.
525,OOOtons in 1993 lrom 483,OOOlons in 1992, while output.of
lhe
p"f"i .firoru lrom 2.18 milliontons in 1992 to 2.29 milliontons
followingyeor'
(hdonesioSourceBook: 1994,
P. 103-l0l)
AnswerKey of "Agriculture":
Tasktwo
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
pictureno. 3
pictureno. I
pictureno.4
pictureno. 5
pictureno. 2
pictureno. 6
Taskthree
l.T
2.F
3.F
4.7
5.7
6.7
7.F
Taskfour
1. smallholderplantations
2. fluctuated
3. domestically
4. stateplantations
5. accountingfor approximately
6. equivalent
7. valued
8. important
9. slippingback
10.nearly
90
Appendix II
The Material for TeachingReadingat SMU GraciaSurabaya
9t
First Obsentation
Look at the following pictures ttren answer the
l.
7.
3.
4.
5.
Wha, are theyl
In what areado they usuallylitcl
Do they live in rhe cleanor dirq' placeslWhyl
Are thcy friendsor enenriesin your house!Vhy!
What Canwe do to keep us a\\'avfrom rheseaniurals!
Read the text carefully then discussthe answers offask t with your partner.
SmEBrfi€ffi€g$
sHe
at Home
homeis a placewherepeopleiook, eat,
sleepand lookaftertheirchildren.
lt propeoplefrom harshweather-cold,rain,
the.burning
rays.ofthe sun-as wellas
insects,
animalsandotherdangers.5o a
me is a very important placefor peopleto
Sanitation
at homeisimportant.Peoplecan
do a lot to improve some of their living
c o n d i t i o n s i n w h i c h t h e y l i v e .T h e y s h o u l d
refrigeratefood properlyor storeit caiefullyto
keepit awayfrom bacteria,and they shouldnot
leavefood lyingaroundbecauseit may attract
insects
and ratsthat canspreadout bacteriaand
EeheselnggrisSMU KelasI
will
food.We
tlreirtoxinswhichcancontaminate
'.
get disease
if we eat them.
Youcanhelp keepfoodiafe by not transferringbacteriato food. by slowingdown the
growthof bacteria,and by destroyingbacteria
in food;keepallpartsof thehouseneatandclean
py sweeping
andmopping.You
alsoshouldtidy
handntsfreely.When
up themand usedisinfecta
and
ingfoodkeepyourhands,kitchenutensils,
your
ascleanaspossible.Wash
cuttingsurfaces
handswith soapand waterafter touchingraw
meat,poultry,or eggs.Thesefood canbe conwith bacteria
thatyoucantransfer
to
taminated
otherfood.
--.-.-*'
3
Cookingfood completelyas soon as possibie after remgving them from storagewill
destroy6act€ria.In addition,thoroughlycook
ing food destroysother pathogenssuchastapeworrns.You can also avoid food poisoning by
avoidingfood that might not be safe.Do not consumeany food that showsignsof spoilagesuch
as a leakingor bulgingcan.Any food that hasa
peculiarcolouror odourshouldbe thrown away.
S a n i t a r yc o n d i t i o n o f a h o u s e p r o t e c t s
people from germs but healthproblemsnot
causedby germsarea growingchallengein the
field of sanitationtoday.
Match each main idea in the left column with each number of paragraph
in the right column.
Mcrin ldeq
l.
2.
3.
4.
5.
How to keep food safefrom bacteria.
Sanitationat home is important.
Healthproblemsare not only causedby germs.
A home is an important placeto live.
How to prev.entor avoid food poiioning.
Parogrcrph
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
one
two
three
four
five
What do the following italicized words refer to?
l)
l. ... it or()tcctspeople... (paragrirph
Z. ... in s'l'richt/rc;-live ... (parrgraph2)
3)
i. ... sroreit caretulll'... (paragraph
2)
ic nrayac{ract... (paragrrrph
4. ... bcczrusc
(prragrrrph
))
t. ... slr,rul,.l
tirl.vup thcrn...
Read the text more carefully then answer the questions.
l. Wlrat is thc funcciono[a lrome]
l. Vhy do peoplerefrigerace
fcxrdl
I \\'lrv ulust wc not lerve food lying ilrtruttr.l
:tt [rottt.']
rtill
if rvc pucltro.llvingnrotltlrl!
[tapl1',.'11
)\ lr.rt
trxxll
\\'lr;rt rvill h,,tp1''g11
i[ s'c'eirt cotrtluriturted
t1. \\'lrrrt itrc the f(lur sittety rtrles that vr.rucilll tollorr'(o !rrr'\'ctlt fo!)d
Srniocion rt Homc
93
Answer Key of *Sanitation at Home":
Task three
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
c / three
bi two
e Ifle
a/one
difour
Task four
l.
2.
3.
4.
5.
home
people
food
food
bacteria
Task five
l.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
To protect people from harshweather; cold, rain, wind, the buming rays of
the sun, as well as from insects,animals and other dangers.
To keep it away from bacteria.
Becauseit may attract insectsand rats.
The bacteria can spreadout and their toxins, which contiminate food.
We will get diseaseif we eat them.
Do not consumeany food that show signsof spoilagesuch as a leaking or
bulgrng can, any food that has a peculiar color or odor should be thrown
away.
SecondObservation
Obserrye the pictures then ansrrer the questions that follow'
1.
Z.
3.
4.
5.
\(/ho is the womanin PictureAl
Who is the man in the Picturc B!
What is the.manin the picnrrcC doingl
Vhatdid theydiscover?
Whatdid theycontributeto the worldl
Before reading, answer the fottowing questions by looking through the
texL
I. Who believedthat it waspossibleto changesomethinginto nochingand chatnoching
could becomesomething?
'\Uhere
did RogerBaconlivel
2..
3. When did lavoisier discoverthe processof oxidation!
4. . Who helpedalchemydevelopincomodernchemisrryl
5, Where did lavoisier makeexperiments?
lnventor anaoiscJerea
21
agi€ €e Seieql€e
believedthat
In the old daysphilosophers
in the world
elements
basic
there were four
namely:earth,fire,air,and water.Mostof them
agreedthat all tlvingthingson earthconsistof
mixed in different
thosesimplesubstances,
proportions.
Basedon this idea,manylearned
menthought that they could makelife longer,
and with the help of what theY
cal le d'Ph i l o s o p h e rSto
' s n e ',
changecheapmetalinto gold.
calledalchemy..
Thissciencewas
ThoselearnedmenwereParts
of thosewho believedin some
kindsof magicManypeopleinthe
middleagesbelievedthat it was
into
possible
to makesomething
nothingorto letnothingbecQme
something.Therewere lots of
evidenceto provethisldea.TheY
sawlogsburningleavingonlYa
linledust andobservedmaggos
lnhabitingdeadbodies.
In3teadof the effortto makelifelonger,and
anEnglish
for gold,RogerBacon,
atsothesearch
that
scientistof thethirteenthcenturysuggested
finding
their effort shouldbe directedtoward
wap to helppeoplehavea betterlife.Healsosaid
nothingisreally
thingsmaychange
thatalthough
lostTheamountof matterinthe worldisalways
thesame.
who helped
Anotherpioneer,Paracelsus,
alchemy
developintomodernchemistrydeclared
that salt,sulphur,and mercurymixed in the
prop€rproportioniwould begoodfor ourheaIth'
[r" .tto insistedthat the searchfor gold should
bestopped.
After
madeexperiments'
Inirance,Lavoisier
thatburning
hewasconvinced
theexperiments
wasciusedby the unionof oxygenvrithother
l- iecatledthis oxidation'These
chem icals.
werecarriedout in
experimens
theeighteenthcentury.
In the ear lYnineteenth
centurythe Englishchemist,
John Dalton,declar edthat
matteris comPosedof verY
smallparticlescalledatoms,
andthatthe atomsof various
differin theirweight.
elements
Theatomictheoryalsostated
that a unionof two or more
a molecule.
atomscomPrises
Ataboutthesametime,an
Avogadro,
ItalianPhYsicist,
addedan ideathat a volumeof bne kindof gas
containsthe samenumberof moleculesas an
of anyotherkindof gasif bothare
equalvolume
underthe sameconditionsof temperatureand
lscalledAvogadro'slaw.
pressure.This
whoneedsmentioningwere
Othersclentists
former
andLouisPasteur.The
DimitriMendeleyev
thefirstPeriodicTable,
wasfamousfor publishing
theoryon therelation
forhis
thelanerwasfamous
compositionand molecular
betweenchemicats
thewayof fighting
Healsodiscovered
structure.
rabies.
Read the text intensively then answer the fotlowing questions.
l. What werethe two rhingschatalchemywasaimingat?
Inwhich paragraph.".riu.find explanarionaboutchemistryusedfor our healchl
l. What is oxidadonl
abouratomictheory?
4. ln which paragraphcanwe find explanacion
5. Doyou thinkAvogadro'slaw wasagainstDatron'stheory?
6. What doesthe word "them"in paragtaph1 refertol
2 referto?
t . \Uhacdoesthe words"this idea"in paragraph
8. Who publishedchefirst PeriodicTable?
z.
tuhaa lnggrisSMIJKetasttl
Answer Key of *From Magic to Science":
l. Make life longerandchangecheapmetalinto gold.
2. Four.
3. oxidation is burningwascausedby the unionof orygenwith other
chemicals.
4. Six.
5. No, hejust addedDalton'stheory.
6. Philosopher.
7. The possibilityto makesomethinginto nothingor let nothingbecome
something.
8. Dimitri Mendeleyevandlouis pasteur.
H
Third Obsemation
Observe the pictures then answer the questions that follow.
;1.#1,:
t'#lvj
j'1
:{'-:
1..
1 . What do you think aboucthc Fic1111.t1
z. Which transportationdo you rhink is more comforcabtelWhyl
3 . Do you think thosekinds of rrrursptrrtationare scill suitablefor cheyear of 2002?
4. Vhat are the advanragesof rrirr.clingby planel
5 . Which public rransportis the sufesr!
EahasalnoorisSMUKelaslll
98
Before. reading, arlswer-.the following questionj bi.lookiirg through the
texL
t.
Who invencidthe aerbplanel
z. Whcredid thc first regularflighr for passengerservicebeginl
t. What hashelpedproducingfasterand niorecomfortableplanes?
and arrivals?
4. What hashelpedarrangingfixedscheduleof flighr deparcures
5. What hasbccomepopularin Indonesiarecently?
EheAeroplane
O n eo f t h e m o s ti mp o rta n tme a n so f
transportation
todayis aeroplane.
Aeroplane
ghtThey
wasinventedbyWilburandOrvilleWri
flewtheirfirstplanein l903.Thefirstflight
covered
a distance
of 120feet.
Thefirstregular
flightfor passenger
service
beganin Americaonly26yearsafter
lt takesmanydaystogo bytrains
travelling.
or by shipsto coverthe distancethat a jet
planecoversin a fewhours.Airtravelisalso
verysafe.According
airtravel
to thestatistics
of casualties
hasthe leastper centage
of travelling.
compared
to otherways
Recently
airtravelhasbecome
Wlbur and OrvilleWright
flew their first plane.
popularin lndonesia.There
are severaldomestic
airlines
thatopecte
; all over the
country. The
biggestofthen is
''
Garudatndonesia
!" Airways.Garuda has
h u n d r e d so f j e t s a n d
propelled planes and it servesboth
domesticand oversedsroutes.Merpati
Nusantara,
Bouraq,andMandalaAirlines.and
others,only
servedomesticlines.There
arealso
s o r n eo t h e r a i r l i n e st h a t d e a l w i t h o n l y
charteredflighs. Everydaytherearehundreds
of planesanivinganddepartingfrom airport
alloverthe country.
Thefirstpassenger;
flight were not .
veryconvenienti
because
thespeed .i
wasslowandthere
radio
navigatoraids.But flight
sincethenhasbecome
mor€convenient
Modemtechnology
hashelpedto producefaster
planes,and modern
and morecomfortable
management
hashelpedto arrangefixed
schedule
offlightdepartures
andarrivals.
Nowadays
manypeople.like
travellingby
aeroplane
because
air travelis fastand less
tiring.In factair travelis the fastestway of
Answer the questions based on the text above.
l.
Z.
3.
4.
5.
Waschefirst flighcconvenient!\flhy!
Why doescheserviceof flighcbecomenrore.andnroreconveniencnowaday'sl
Which one is safeqair travelor landtravell How do you know that!
How nranydonresric
airlinesarecherein our countrylMentionthem!
Vhen did Vright brothersfly their first plane?
Flight
3l
99
Answer Key of ttTheAeroPlane":
Tasktwo
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
WilburandOrvilleWright.
In America.
ModerntechnologY.
Modernmanagement.
Air travel.
Taskthree
1. No, it was not. Becausethe speed was slow and there were no radio
navigator aids.
2. Becausemodern technolory has helped to produce faster and more
comfortable planes.
3. Air travel, be"urrs" according to the statistics air travel has the least
percentageof casualtiescomparedto other ways of traveling.
4. Foq Garuda Indonesia Ait*ays, Merpati Nusantara, Bouraq, and
Mandala Airlines, etc.
5. In 1903.
100
Appendix III
The Material for TeachingReading at SMUN 9 Surabaya
tlRtusTAXA4n
ll|rrrtU
Knolth Sldn
rd., "r-
Firct Observatiott
TNADE
IIITENNATIOI{A
:
Pant One '. IntennationalTrade
f.
/?ea)tog
!*-Fu)tag
lofuueKu)t^5
tert qulckl'i
Study thesequestionsaitdfind tlrc answerstn the
1 . What is the principleof comparative-advantage?
for much of its income?
exporttin anO'ruOUer
2. Wn.t
"ountry
TRADE
INTERNATIONAL
ttgmational trade [s the
nge of a goodsand services
g .countries..In most cases,
r'res do not trade the ac-tual
l and services.Rather,'they
he lncome received frorn the
of ttreir producis'to buy the
lctsof othercountries.
Vhy Natlons Tradg. .Nations
for severalreascins.First of
ey musttraciebecausenatural
trees vary trorn country. For
'pe. Canadais rich In dePosits
t mlneralnicket,but its c{imate
old for orangesto bo grown.
Jnlted Statehas a little nickel,
produce,amongother things,
crossbf oranges.Therefore,it
s seoSefor The UnitedState
port (sell) orangesto Canada
npgrt (buy)Canadian niCkel.
s,a;i:;*#ETt
{
Wtir
s.T-ffi'6q%tr$lR;"1E-rriUl*-f*-:i;lGlEGll![Jl
nations,but it has only limitedmineral
aian is lnother exarnple,i5 one of the world'sleadingindustrialized
it
import
the raw materialsthat it needs to
must
there{ore
in
industry,
useful
raw
materials
rrcesand other
exports.
lt
industrialgoocis
rfacture
the
of itemsthatit can make(or grow)best.
tradealsoaltowsa countryto specializein the production
rtemational
use of all its
advantage.lt enablesa'countryto makethe mo3tprod0ctive
is calledtheprincipalof comparative
theskillof itsY/orkers.
rrces,including
rlostintemationaltrade is carried out between industrializednations that have relativehigh standard of living.
reasonfolthis is that people in such countriei usually have enough income to buy foreign Products.Arrotheris
rdustriatizedcountriesgenerallyproduce a greatervarietyof goods.
zZ
/,lS t*aoaa)
a
3t
ry prooucrs.Prirnaryproduclsare: tne r3w materiatsfromwhichmanutaauredgooosar.emagq. They rnay be
Itturatpiodui rnirbrats:or'foqestprcducts;sr.rcfias tinber and naturalrubber.The Afrftxn nation of ivory coats
arr1pleis tfre wortd'schlef pr sometimes for examination and
the exercisefor the students.
6. Do you find any difficulties in teaching?
Yes, especiallyabout the vocabulary and the mastering of English.
7. If there is a student who is not interested in reading, how do you motivate
him/her?
- By asking the studentsto preparethe lessonwhich would be discussed.
- Teacherhasto know what's the problem of the students'
8. What strategiesdo you use in teachingreading at senior high school?
I have to make it appropriatewith the situation and condition of the class.
9. What are your reilsonsin using those strategies?
To make the studentsinterestedin learning reading'
10. what do you think of the use of dictionary in reading classes?
It is very important, in fact it is so difficult to ask the studentsbringing the
dictionary (most of the said that they are forget to bring it).
113
11. In your opinion, are there some things which need to be mastered by the
studentsin order to improve their reading achievernent?
Vocabulary and the knowledge about the information that relates to the
readingpassage.
12. In your opinion, what are the objectives of reading?
Studentsare expectedto comprehendthe topic or the problem of their
daily life,
- Students are expected to recognize the written and the uttered
messages,
- Enrich their information.
114
QUESTIONNAIRE
Name
.Z
Age
:35
Gender
: Male
School
: S MU C
Teacherof class
:II3-II8
l. What is your educationalbackground?
FKIP Bhs Inggris of UNESA.
2 When did you graduatefrom university?
r995
3. How long have you been teaching in the school?
Almost eight years,since 1995
4. Do you have any other experiencesbefore starting to teach the school?
No
5. Do you use other books as the sourcesto teach?
Yes, English for the senior High school by Ali Saukah & Arwrjati
Wahyudi, Book Two for the SecondYear Studentsby Depdikbud.
6. Do you find any difficulties in teaching?
Yes, I have to give some minutes to preparethe studentsto study so it can
wastethe time (around 5').
7. If there is a student who is not interested in reading, how do you motivate
him/her?
I might ask the studentsto read or prepare it first at home. Sometimes I
give somejokes to the students.
8. What strategiesdo you use in teaching reading at senior high school?
It depends on the situation and condition of the class also the reading
passage.If the reading passageis easy, I will not use the strategies to teach
reading detail.
9. What are your reasonsin using those strategies?
To make the studentsare able to comprehendand understandthe reading
passageeasily.
10. What do you think of the use of dictionary in reading classes?
It is very important but he will not be asking the students to bring it
becauseit is very difficult to be applied by the students.
115
11. In your opinion, are there some things which need to be mastered by the
studentsin order to improve their reading achievement?
Vocabulary, pronunciation and some other information related to the
readingpassage.
12. In your opinion, what are the objectives of reading?
Achieve more knowledge and information, enrich their vocabularies,
understandthe messageinside the reading passage.
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