The Ability of the First Grade Students at Senior High School 2 Batu in Finding the Generic Structure of Narrative Text

The Ability of the First Grade Students at Senior

High School 2 Batu in Finding the Generic

Structure of Narrative Text

THESIS

By: Citra Wulandari

06360147

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

The Ability of the First Grade Students at Senior

High School 2 Batu in Finding the Generic

Structure of Narrative Text

THESIS

This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements

to achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education

By: Citra Wulandari

06360147

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

This thesis written by Citra Wulandari was approved on January 24, 2011

Advisor I Advisor II

This thesis was defended in front of the examiners of Faculty of Teacher Training of Education of the University of Muhammadiyah Malang

and accepted as one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education

on January 24, 2011

Approved by:

Faculty of Teacher Training and Education University of Muhammadiyah Malang,

Dean,

(Drs. Fauzan, M.Pd)

Examiners: Signatures:

1. Drs. Sudiran, M.Hum 1. ………... 2. Riza Elfana, M.A 2. ………... 3. Drs. Jarum, M.Ed. 3. ……… 4. Drs. Soeparto, M.Pd. 4. ………

MOTTO AND DEDICATION

The time for action is now.

It is never too late to do something.

DEDI CATI ON:

Thi s Thesi s was dedi cated to:

My beloved parents,

Alm.Mudawari and Emy Rukayah S.Pd

My soulmate Muchlis Samfrudin H.

My Beloved sister,Niken Yuliansari

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, I would like to praise Allah the Almighty for the blessing and mercy given to me during my study and in completing this final project. I would like to thank to the people who contributed their ideas and time given to me in completing my final project. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Drs. Jarum, M.Ed as the first advisor for giving me guidance and help to finish the final project. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to Drs. Soeparto, M.Pd as my second advisor for his patience in improving my final project for its finalization.

My thanks also go to Drs. Suprayitno, M.Pd as the headmaster of SMAN 2 Batu and Titik Sriani, S.pd as an English teacher in SMAN 2 Batu for allowing me to carry out the investigation in their school and for giving the contribution while I was conducting the research there.

I would like to dedicate my deepest gratitude to my family especially to my mother Emy Rukayah S.Pd and my father (Alm.) Mudawari who have supported finance, spirit and prayers for my success. I am also grateful to my soul mate Habib for his support during my study and all my friends who might not be mentioned individually here.

Malang,

TABLE OF CONTENT

APPROVAL……… i

LEGALIZATION………ii

MOTTO AND DEDICATION……….. iii

ABSTRACT.………...……… iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.………..………... v

TABLE OF CONTENT.………..……….. vi

CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of Study……… 1

1.2 Statement of Problem………... 5

1.3Purpose of Study.………... 5

1.4Significance of Study……… 5

1.5Scope and Limitation ……… 6

1.6Definition of Key Terms.……….. 6

CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Ability……… 8

2.2 Narrative Text……….... 9

2.3 Kinds of Narrative Text………12

2.3.1 Fable.………...….12

2.3.2 Folktales………..……….14

2.3.3 Myth……….16

2.4 Generic Structure of Narrative Text.………..……..19

2.4.1 Kinds of Generic structure in Narrative Text………..19

2.4.2 Finding the Generic Structure of Narrative Text…...25

CHAPTER III : RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Design………...………28

3.2 Population and Sample……….29

3.2.2 Sample………..………... 29

3.3 Instrument of Data Collection………. 30

3.4 Data Collection……… 33

3.5 Data Analysis ………. 33

CHAPTER IV : FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Research Findings ………... 36

4.2 Discussion ………... 38

CHAPTER V : CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1 Conclusion ……….. 42

5.2 Suggestion……… 43

REFERENCES

Arikunto, Suharsimi, Prof.DR.2002. Prosedur Penelitian. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta. Ari, Donald. 2002. Introduction to Research in Education, Sixth Edition.

Wordsworth Group United States.

Bachman, Lyle F and Andrew D. Cohen. 1998. Interfaces between Second Language Acquisition and Language Testing Research. Cambridge University.

Barker, Chrish and Nancy Pistrang. 2002. Research Methods in Clinical Psychology. An Introduction for Students and Practitioners. Second Edition. England : John Wiley & Sons, LTD.

Dody , Ahmad, Sugeng, Ahmad and Effendy.2008. Developing English

Competencies. Jakarta : Pusat Perbukuan Departemen Pendidikan Nasional. Dwi Nurhasanah, Bety. 2009. The Ability of the Second Year Students of SMP 01

Suboh-Situbondo in Learning English Tenses. Unpublished Thesis. Malang: UMM.

Hadiri, Rahman A. 2006. ACCES to English Competence English for Senior High School Jilid 1B. Sidoarjo: Sansekerta Inti Media.

Hasanah, Maryatul.2007. A Study on Students’ Ability in Translating an

Argumentative Text. Unpublished Thesis. Malang: UMM.

Hidayah, Nurul. 2009. The Ability to Use Modal Auxiliary in Sentence to Express Present Degree of Certainty of the Second Semester Students of UMM. Unpublished Thesis. Malang: UMM.

Mc. Loughlin, James A & Rena B. Lewis. 2001. Assessing Students with Special Needs. New Jersey: Practice Hall. Inc.

Mutmainah.2010. The Ability of the Student in Comprehending Recount Text at

SMPN 3 Batu. Unpublished Thesis. Malang: UMM.

Priyana, Joko, Virga Renitasari and Arnys Rahayu Irjuayanti. 2008.

INTERLANGUAGE English for Senior High School Students X. Jakarta:

Richard, I. Arends. 2004. Learning to Teach. Sixth Edition. United State: Mc Graw Hill.

Sardiman. 2010. Interaksi dan Motivasi Belajar Mengajar. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers. Sudarwati, Th M and Eudia Grace. 2006. Look Ahead An English Course for Senior

High School Students Year X. Jakarta: Erlangga.

Sudijono, Anas. 2005. Pengantar Evaluasi Pendidikan. Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada.

Sugeng, Prasetyo Dodik. 2010. The Students’ Ability in Using Preposition at SMP

Negeri 2 Ledokombo Jember. Unpublished Thesis. Malang: UMM.

Syah, Muhibbin. 2008. Psikology Pendidikan Dengan Pendekatan Baru. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarys.

Syaodih, Nana Sukmadinata. 2007. Metode Penelitian Pendidikan. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarys.

1

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

Chapter 1 of this thesis presents such topic as: background of study, statement of problem, purpose of study, significance of study, scope and limitation, and

definition of key terms. Each section is presented as follows.

1.1Background of Study

English is important to be learned by the students and people who want to be successful. English is international language which makes the people able to

communicate each other in this world. It is spoken by many people all over the world, either as a first or second language. Although, the people have the original language of their country, they sometimes have to have English skill if they want to go abroad and understand what the people are talking about. English is also the key which opens doors to scientific and technical knowledge, which is needed for the economic and political development of many countries in the world. In addition, English is a top requirement of those seeking jobs. Applicants who master either active or passive English are more favorable than those who do not. This is also the essential skill if the people want to get better job.

Nowadays, students in some schools in Indonesia are taught an English subject. In Junior and Senior High School, it is a compulsory lesson that has to be taken by the students because English subject will be examined in the end of the semester during their study.

2

Education has curriculum which arranges the education system which have been built by the government. The curriculum that is used in Indonesia now is School Based Curriculum. The teachers and the students have some duties that are more difficult. The teachers have to guide the students to reach the standard competence that has been decided by the government. Whereas, in teaching English subject, the teachers must teach the students to achieve the four skills that are very important for them. Those are listening, speaking, reading and writing. The Senior High School students have to reach informational level which the purpose is the student can access their ability or skill to speak English.

The students must try to read anything related to English. They can improve their skill. Reading is a simple process which can be done by all people in this world. Reading is also a process of study which can increase people’s knowledge. People get information by reading a textbook, scientific book, magazine, newspaper, novel, and many others. By reading, we can continue our activity to write something which we have got from reading because it is one process of thinking space, how to support our mind and to think. The students can begin to read a story which can make their imagination play based on the story. The story which can make imagination for the students is the fiction story that they can follow the content of it. We sometimes called narrative story or narrative text. Sudarwati has stated, “Like myth and legend, short stories are narratives because they are concerned with talking about the events” (2006 :112). It means that narrative story tells about past event. By reading those texts, the students are expected to find the generic structure or the text organization of

3

it. According to Sudarwati (2006 :112), the organization from narrative text consists of orientation, complication, resolution and reorientation. These all help the students to read, write and learn the narrative text deeply. Whereas, all of the generic

structures also have several parts, such as in orientation, there is an introduction of the text. The students will find the actors, the settings, and any others that the students can find in it. Someone who can hold everyone’s attention when he relates a personal experience such as persons use gestures, facial expressions, and tone of voice to make their stories vivid and interesting, but they are also careful to organize their stories. They make sure that their stories lead somewhere and end with definite point, and that they say is clear to their listeners. They are skilled in the art of narration.

There are many kinds of text types which are taught in Senior High School, such as descriptive, recount, argumentative and narrative text. As the previous researchers, they have been doing a research to know the students’ ability in writing, comprehending and translating those texts, for instance Poppy Eki Arianti with her thesis which entitled “A Study on the Fourth Semester Students’ Ability in Using Simple Present Tense in Writing Descriptive Paragraph of English Department at the University of Muhammadiyah Malang”. Her study aimed to know the fourth semester students’ ability and the students’ problems in using simple presents tense. She took the fourth semester students in UMM population which consists of A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H class that the students were 186. She took sample on class G which consists of 23 students. She used free composition test as the instrument. The result of her study

4

was the students’ ability in using simple present tense in writing descriptive paragraph was fair (17 students) and the students had several problems.

The second previous research entitled “A Study on Students’ Ability in Translating an Argumentative Text” that was written by Maryatul Hasanah had an aim to know the students’ ability in translating an argumentative text. The population that was taken by Maryatul was the students at UMM. For sample, she took 20 students from class A and 20 students from class B and she used a test as the main instrument to do the research. The result of her study was the ability of the students in translating an argumentative text it found that from sample there were no students who got score 90. It means that there were no students who have closely perfect translation ability in translating an argumentative text. In general, the students’ ability in translating an argumentative text was moderate because the result of the average score computation was equal to 58.

The third previous research that was written by Mutmainah which entitled “The Ability of the Students in Comprehending Recount Text at SMPN 3 Batu” stated that the result of her research was fair. The population was taken by

Mutmainah was tenth grade of SMPN 3 Batu that consists of 265 students. She took sample was 64 students. She used objective research to measure the students’ ability to comprehend recount text at SMPN 3 Batu and the result was fair because the mean score of students’ test 61,7.

5

In this study, the researcher chooses one of the texts that is narrative text which is one of monolog passage that has been taught by teacher since Junior High School. The process of learning about narrative text continues until students study at Senior High School. It will make them easier to learn about narrative text deeply.

Based on the explanation above, the researcher will do a research about the ability of the first grade students at Senior High School 2 Batu in finding the generic structure of narrative text.

1.2Statement of Problem

This thesis has one statement problem:

“How is the abilityof the first grade students at Senior High School 2 Batu in finding the generic structure of narrative text?”

1.3Purpose of Study

This study has an aim:

“To know the ability of the first grade students at Senior High School 2 Batu in finding the generics structure of narrative text.”

1.4Significance of Study

By using the result of this research, the researcher hopes that the teacher can identify the ability of the first grade students at Senior High School 2 Batu in finding the generics structure of narrative text. The writer also expects that the teacher knows the students’ score. So, if the students’ score is low, teacher able to help them in order to get good mark. Besides, it is also able to use as the sources of information and

6

reference for students and lecturers of English Department who are interested in doing a research next.

1.5Scope and Limitation

Like every research which has a scope and limitation, this thesis is also limited in its scope.

Actually, there are many kinds of texts which are taught in senior high school, such as recount, descriptive, news item and narrative text. In this study the writer limits her research only in narrative text and the writer only focuses in generic structure of narrative text which consists of orientation, complication, resolution and reorientation.

1.6Definition of Key Term 1. Ability

Ability is general trait or capacity of an individual that is a determinant of a person’s achievement potential for the performance of specific skill (Richard, 2001: 109).

2. Generic structure

Generic structure in a narrative text is the text which consists of orientation, complication, resolution and reorientation (Hadiri, 2006: 23).

3. Narrative text

A narrative text is a text which amuses and teaches the reader. It amuses because in the story there are some events which can make the readers

7

feel entertained. While, it teaches the reader because there is a moral value that can be learnt (Priyana, 2008: 88).

Education has curriculum which arranges the education system which have been built by the government. The curriculum that is used in Indonesia now is School Based Curriculum. The teachers and the students have some duties that are more difficult. The teachers have to guide the students to reach the standard competence that has been decided by the government. Whereas, in teaching English subject, the teachers must teach the students to achieve the four skills that are very important for them. Those are listening, speaking, reading and writing. The Senior High School students have to reach informational level which the purpose is the student can access their ability or skill to speak English.

The students must try to read anything related to English. They can improve their skill. Reading is a simple process which can be done by all people in this world. Reading is also a process of study which can increase people’s knowledge. People get information by reading a textbook, scientific book, magazine, newspaper, novel, and many others. By reading, we can continue our activity to write something which we have got from reading because it is one process of thinking space, how to support our mind and to think. The students can begin to read a story which can make their imagination play based on the story. The story which can make imagination for the students is the fiction story that they can follow the content of it. We sometimes called narrative story or narrative text. Sudarwati has stated, “Like myth and legend, short stories are narratives because they are concerned with talking about the events” (2006 :112). It means that narrative story tells about past event. By reading those texts, the students are expected to find the generic structure or the text organization of

it. According to Sudarwati (2006 :112), the organization from narrative text consists of orientation, complication, resolution and reorientation. These all help the students to read, write and learn the narrative text deeply. Whereas, all of the generic

structures also have several parts, such as in orientation, there is an introduction of the text. The students will find the actors, the settings, and any others that the students can find in it. Someone who can hold everyone’s attention when he relates a personal experience such as persons use gestures, facial expressions, and tone of voice to make their stories vivid and interesting, but they are also careful to organize their stories. They make sure that their stories lead somewhere and end with definite point, and that they say is clear to their listeners. They are skilled in the art of narration.

There are many kinds of text types which are taught in Senior High School, such as descriptive, recount, argumentative and narrative text. As the previous researchers, they have been doing a research to know the students’ ability in writing, comprehending and translating those texts, for instance Poppy Eki Arianti with her thesis which entitled “A Study on the Fourth Semester Students’ Ability in Using Simple Present Tense in Writing Descriptive Paragraph of English Department at the University of Muhammadiyah Malang”. Her study aimed to know the fourth semester students’ ability and the students’ problems in using simple presents tense. She took the fourth semester students in UMM population which consists of A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H class that the students were 186. She took sample on class G which consists of 23 students. She used free composition test as the instrument. The result of her study

was the students’ ability in using simple present tense in writing descriptive paragraph was fair (17 students) and the students had several problems.

The second previous research entitled “A Study on Students’ Ability in Translating an Argumentative Text” that was written by Maryatul Hasanah had an aim to know the students’ ability in translating an argumentative text. The population that was taken by Maryatul was the students at UMM. For sample, she took 20 students from class A and 20 students from class B and she used a test as the main instrument to do the research. The result of her study was the ability of the students in translating an argumentative text it found that from sample there were no students who got score 90. It means that there were no students who have closely perfect translation ability in translating an argumentative text. In general, the students’ ability in translating an argumentative text was moderate because the result of the average score computation was equal to 58.

The third previous research that was written by Mutmainah which entitled “The Ability of the Students in Comprehending Recount Text at SMPN 3 Batu” stated that the result of her research was fair. The population was taken by

Mutmainah was tenth grade of SMPN 3 Batu that consists of 265 students. She took sample was 64 students. She used objective research to measure the students’ ability to comprehend recount text at SMPN 3 Batu and the result was fair because the mean score of students’ test 61,7.

In this study, the researcher chooses one of the texts that is narrative text which is one of monolog passage that has been taught by teacher since Junior High School. The process of learning about narrative text continues until students study at Senior High School. It will make them easier to learn about narrative text deeply.

Based on the explanation above, the researcher will do a research about the ability of the first grade students at Senior High School 2 Batu in finding the generic structure of narrative text.

1.2Statement of Problem

This thesis has one statement problem:

“How is the abilityof the first grade students at Senior High School 2 Batu in finding the generic structure of narrative text?”

1.3Purpose of Study

This study has an aim:

“To know the ability of the first grade students at Senior High School 2 Batu in finding the generics structure of narrative text.”

1.4Significance of Study

By using the result of this research, the researcher hopes that the teacher can identify the ability of the first grade students at Senior High School 2 Batu in finding the generics structure of narrative text. The writer also expects that the teacher knows the students’ score. So, if the students’ score is low, teacher able to help them in order

reference for students and lecturers of English Department who are interested in doing a research next.

1.5Scope and Limitation

Like every research which has a scope and limitation, this thesis is also limited in its scope.

Actually, there are many kinds of texts which are taught in senior high school, such as recount, descriptive, news item and narrative text. In this study the writer limits her research only in narrative text and the writer only focuses in generic structure of narrative text which consists of orientation, complication, resolution and reorientation.

1.6Definition of Key Term

1. Ability

Ability is general trait or capacity of an individual that is a determinant of a person’s achievement potential for the performance of specific skill (Richard, 2001: 109).

2. Generic structure

Generic structure in a narrative text is the text which consists of orientation, complication, resolution and reorientation (Hadiri, 2006: 23).

3. Narrative text

A narrative text is a text which amuses and teaches the reader. It amuses because in the story there are some events which can make the readers

feel entertained. While, it teaches the reader because there is a moral value that can be learnt (Priyana, 2008: 88).