SISTEM KENDALI LIFT 3 LANTAI MENGGUNAKAN PLC TWIDO
SISTEM KENDALI LIFT 3 LANTAI MENGGUNAKAN PLC TWIDO Tugas Akhir
Diajukan untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Persyaratan Dalam Menyelesaikan Pendidikan Strata 1 Program Studi Teknik Elektro Fakultas Teknik
Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto
Disusun Oleh : Nama : Dwi Sahidin NIM : 1103030007 PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK ELEKTRO FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH PURWOKERTO 2016
Sistem Kendali Lift..., Dwi Sahidin, Fakultas Teknik UMP, 2016
Sistem Kendali Lift..., Dwi Sahidin, Fakultas Teknik UMP, 2016
Nama : Dwi Sahidin NIM : 1103030007 Prodi : Teknik Elektro Fakultas : Teknik Universitas : Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto
Menyatakan dengan sebenar-benarnya bahwa tugas akhir ini adalah hasil karya sendiri dan bukan hasil penjiplakan dari hasil karya orang lain.
Demikian surat pernyataan ini saya buat, dan apabila kelak dikemudian hari terbukti ada unsur penjiplakan, maka saya bersedia mempertanggung jawabkan sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku.
Purwokerto, Februari 2016 Yang menyatakan,
Dwi Sahidin 1103030007 iv sehingga Tugas Akhir yang berjudul “Sistem Kendali Lift 3 Lantai Menggunakan
PLC TWIDO ” dapat diselesaikan dengan baik
Penyusunan laporan ini sebagai salah satu syarat dalam menyelesaikan pendidikan strata 1 Program Studi Teknik Elektro Fakultas Teknik Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto.
Bantuan dan dukungan dari berbagai pihak sangat membantu dalam terselesaikannya laporan Tugas Akhir ini. Oleh karena itu ucapan terima kasih disampaikan kepada:
1. Bapak M. Taufiq Tamam, S.T., M.T. selaku Ketua Program Studi Teknik Elektro Fakultas Teknik Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto dan dosen pembimbing dalam penyusunan laporan Tugas Akhir ini.
2. Bapak Winarso, S.T., M.Eng. selaku dosen pembimbing I dalam penyusunan laporan Tugas Akhir ini.
3. Bapak Itmi Hidayat K., S.T., M.Eng. selaku dosen pembimbing II dalam penyusunan laporan Tugas Akhir ini.
4. Bapak Latiful Hayat, S.T., M.T. selaku dosen pembimbing akademik mahasiswa angkatan 2011.
5. Kedua orang tua yang senantiasa memberikan dukungan baik berupa materi maupun non-materi. v
6. Semua pihak yang telah membantu dalam penyusunan laporan Tugas Akhir ini yang tidak dapat disebutkan satu persatu. kekurangannya. Oleh karena itu, diharapkan adanya masukan berupa kritik dan saran yang bersifat membangun, sehingga dapat bermanfaat dimasa mendatang.
Semoga hasil laporan Tugas Akhir ini dapat bermanfaat bagi para pembaca dan untuk kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi.
Purwokerto, Februari 2016 Penyusun vi
INTISARI
tinggi dengan skala ketinggian berbeda-beda. Hal ini juga dikarenakan untuk memudahkan aktivitas masyarakat pada satu tempat yang sama, sehingga perlu dilakukan suatu perancangan sistem pengendali Lift yang berfungsi sebagai alat transportasi vertikal penghubung antar lantai suatu gedung. Simulasi Lift ini terdiri dari magnetic reed switch, push button switch dan driver motor stepper yang diatur oleh Programmable Logic Control (PLC) sebagai pengendali keseluruhan sistem. Driver motor stepper berfungsi sebagai pengatur arah putaran motor. Sedangkan untuk magnetic reed switch digunakan sebagai pendeteksi keberadaan Lift disetiap lantainya dan digunakan sebagai pendeteksi adanya kapasitas beban lebih pada lantai Lift. Dalam proses pengendaliannya, Lift akan bergerak secara vertikal baik itu bergerak naik ataupun bergerak turun sesuai masukan push button switch.
Kata kunci: Lift, Motor Stepper, Programmable Logic Control (PLC).
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ABSTRACT heights scale. This is also due to facilitate the activities of the society at the same place, so we needs Elevator control system design that serves as a liaison between the vertical transportation means floor of a building. Elevator simulation consists of magnetic reed switches, push button switch and stepper motor drivers are regulated by a Programmable Logic Control (PLC) as the controller of the whole system. Stepper motor driver functions as a regulator of motor rotation direction. The magnetic reed switch is use to detector of the presence of the elevator on each floor and to be load censor capacity on the elevator floor. In the process control, the elevator will move vertically either moving up or moving down appropriates input push button switch.
Keywords: Elevator, Stepper Motor, Programmable Logic Control (PLC).
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DAFTAR ISI
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN ................................................................................... ii LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ................................................................................... iii LEMBAR PERNYATAAN ................................................................................... iv KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................... v
INTISARI ............................................................................................................. vii ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................... viii DAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................................... ix DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................... xiii DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................ xvi
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1. Latar Belakang .............................................................................. 1
1.2. Tujuan Penelitian .......................................................................... 3
1.3. Rumusan Masalah ......................................................................... 3
1.4. Batasan Masalah ........................................................................... 4
1.5. Metode Perancangan ..................................................................... 4
1.6. Sistematika Penulisan ................................................................... 6
BAB II LANDASAN TEORI
2.1. Tinjauan Pustaka ........................................................................... 7
2.2. Catu Daya ...................................................................................... 9
2.2.1 Penyearah Gelombang Penuh Sistem Jembatan ............. 11
2.2.2 Regulator Tegangan ........................................................ 14
2.3 Saklar Tombol Tekan (Push Button Switch) ............................... 14
2.4.1 Struktur PLC ................................................................... 17
2.4.1.1 Central Processing Unit ............................................ 17
2.4.1.2 Memori ...................................................................... 17
2.4.1.3 Modul I/O .................................................................. 18
2.4.2 Operasi PLC .................................................................... 19
2.4.3 Pemrograman PLC TWIDO ............................................ 20
2.4.3.1 Pemrograman Menggunakan Diagram Ladder ......... 20
2.4.3.2 Instruksi Utama Diagram Ladder .............................. 26
2.4.3.2.1 Kontak ................................................................ 26
2.4.3.2.2 Coil ..................................................................... 27
2.4.3.3 Link El ement s ........................................................ 28
2.4.3.4 Prinsi p P em rograman TwidoS uit e ................... 29
2.4.3.4.1 Input ................................................................... 29
2.4.3.4.2 Output ................................................................ 29
2.4.3.4.3 Internal Bits ........................................................ 30
2.4.3.4.4 Membuat Pengalamatan (Addressing) ............... 31
2.4.3.4.5 Timer .................................................................. 32
2.4.3.4.6 Counter ............................................................... 33
2.4.3.4.7 Compare Block ................................................... 34
2.5 Mikrokontroler ATTINY 2313 ................................................... 34 x
2.6 Relay ........................................................................................... 36
2.7 Sensor Reed Switch ..................................................................... 40
2.9 Light Emitting Diode (LED) ....................................................... 45
BAB III PERANCANGAN SISTEM
3.1 Gambaran Umum ........................................................................ 47
3.2 Diagram Alur Sistem .................................................................. 48
3.3 Catu Daya .................................................................................... 49
3.4 Peralatan Input ............................................................................ 51
3.4.1 Sensor Reed Switch.......................................................... 51
3.4.2 Push Button Switch .......................................................... 53
3.5 Programmable Logic Control (PLC) .......................................... 54
3.5.1 Diagram Alir .................................................................... 57
3.6 Relay ........................................................................................... 58
3.7 Driver Motor ............................................................................... 59
3.8 Peralatan Output .......................................................................... 61
3.8.1 Motor stepper................................................................... 61
3.8.2 Lampu Indikator .............................................................. 61
3.9 Gambar Maket ............................................................................ 62
BAB IV PENGUJIAN DAN ANALISA
4.1 Analisa Umum ............................................................................ 63
4.2 Pengujian Alat ............................................................................. 63
4.2.1 Pengujian Catu Daya ....................................................... 64 xi
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4.2.2 Pengujian Peralatan Input ............................................... 66
4.2.2.1 Sensor Reed Switch .................................................. 66
4.2.3 Analisa Programable Logic Control (PLC) .................... 67
4.2.3.1 Analisa Software TwidoSuite .................................. 68
4.2.3.2 Analisis Program Ladder ......................................... 68
4.2.4 Relay ............................................................................. 105
4.2.5 Analisa Driver Motor .................................................... 105
4.2.6 Peralatan Output ............................................................ 108
4.2.5.1 Motor Stepper ........................................................ 108
4.2.3.2 Lampu Indikator ..................................................... 109
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
5.1 Kesimpulan ............................................................................... 111
5.2 Saran ......................................................................................... 112 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ......................................................................................... 113 LAMPIRAN
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.2 Penyearah dengan Sistem Jembatan .............................................. 11Gambar 2.3 Prinsip Kerja Penyearah Gelombang Penuh Sistem Jembatan ....... 12Gambar 2.4 Filter Penyearah Gelombang Penuh Sistem Jembatan .................. 13Gambar 2.5 Kondisi Push Button Switch .......................................................... 15Gambar 2.6 Icon TwidoSuite ............................................................................ 21Gambar 2.7 Tampilan Menu Twidosuite ........................................................... 21Gambar 2.8 Pilihan Project Management .......................................................... 22Gambar 2.9 Mengisikan Nama Project dan Directory ...................................... 23Gambar 2.10
Pilih „Describe‟ untuk Setting PLC ............................................... 23
Gambar 2.11 Layar Setting PLC ......................................................................... 24Gambar 2.12 Pilih Program untuk Membuat Program PLC ............................... 24Gambar 2.13 Tampilan Pertama Editor Diagram Ladder ................................... 25Gambar 2.14 Editor Ladder Beserta Fungsi Dasar PLC ..................................... 26Gambar 2.15 Blok Fungsi Timer......................................................................... 33Gambar 2.16 Blok Fungsi Counter ..................................................................... 33Gambar 2.17 Blok Diagram Mikrokontroler....................................................... 35Gambar 2.18 Konfigurasi Pin Mikrokontroler ATtiny2313 ............................... 36Gambar 2.19 Bagian-bagian Relay ..................................................................... 37Gambar 2.20 Magnetic Reed Switch ................................................................... 40Gambar 2.21 Susunan Koil Motor Stepper Unipolar .......................................... 43 xiiiGambar 2.22 Susunan LED ................................................................................. 46Gambar 3.1 Diagram Blok Lift ......................................................................... 48Gambar 3.3 Rangkaian Pengawatan Sensor Reed Switch ................................. 52Gambar 3.4 Rangkaian Pengawatan Push Button ............................................. 53Gambar 3.5 Rangkaian Pengawatan PLC ......................................................... 56Gambar 3.6 Diagram Alir Proses Kerja Lift ..................................................... 57Gambar 3.7 Rangkaian Pengawatan Relay ....................................................... 59Gambar 3.8 Rangkaian Penggerak Motor ......................................................... 60Gambar 3.9 Maket Simulasi Lift 3 Lantai.......................................................... 62Gambar 4.1 Pengukuran Oscilloscope Catu Daya Mikrokontroler................... 64Gambar 4.2 Pengukuran Oscilloscope Catu Daya Motor Stepper .................... 65Gambar 4.3 Uji Wiring PLC ............................................................................. 67Gambar 4.4 Analyze Program pada Software TwidoSuite ............................... 68Gambar 4.5 Simulation Program pada Software TwidoSuite........................... 69Gambar 4.6 Network 1 ...................................................................................... 69Gambar 4.7 Network 2 ...................................................................................... 70Gambar 4.8 Network 3 ...................................................................................... 71Gambar 4.9 Network 4 ...................................................................................... 72Gambar 4.10 Network 5 ...................................................................................... 73Gambar 4.11 Network 6 ...................................................................................... 74Gambar 4.12 Network 7 ...................................................................................... 75Gambar 4.13 Network 8 ...................................................................................... 76 xivGambar 4.14 Network 9 ...................................................................................... 77Gambar 4.15 Network 10 ................................................................................... 78Gambar 4.17 Network 12 .................................................................................... 79Gambar 4.18 Network 13 .................................................................................... 80Gambar 4.19 Network 14 .................................................................................... 81Gambar 4.20 Network 15 .................................................................................... 81Gambar 4.21 Network 16 .................................................................................... 82Gambar 4.22 Network 17 .................................................................................... 83Gambar 4.23 Network 18 .................................................................................... 84Gambar 4.24 Network 19 .................................................................................... 85Gambar 4.25 Network 20 .................................................................................... 86Gambar 4.26 Network 21 .................................................................................... 87Gambar 4.27 Network 22 .................................................................................... 87Gambar 4.28 Network 23 .................................................................................... 88Gambar 4.29 Network 24 .................................................................................... 89Gambar 4.30 Network 25 .................................................................................... 89Gambar 4.31 Network 26 .................................................................................... 90Gambar 4.32 Network 27 .................................................................................... 91Gambar 4.33 Network 28 .................................................................................... 91Gambar 4.34 Network 29 .................................................................................... 92Gambar 4.35 Network 30 .................................................................................... 93Gambar 4.36 Network 31 .................................................................................... 93 xvGambar 4.37 Network 32 .................................................................................... 94Gambar 4.38 Network 33 .................................................................................... 95Gambar 4.40 Network 35 .................................................................................... 96Gambar 4.41 Network 36 .................................................................................... 97Gambar 4.42 Network 37 .................................................................................... 97Gambar 4.43 Network 38 .................................................................................... 98Gambar 4.44 Network 39 .................................................................................... 99Gambar 4.45 Network 40 .................................................................................... 99Gambar 4.46 Network 41 .................................................................................. 100Gambar 4.47 Network 42 .................................................................................. 101Gambar 4.48 Network 43 .................................................................................. 101Gambar 4.49 Network 44 .................................................................................. 102Gambar 4.50 Network 45 .................................................................................. 103Gambar 4.51 Network 46 .................................................................................. 103Gambar 4.52 Network 47 .................................................................................. 104Gambar 4.53 Pengukuran Keluaran Driver Motor Searah Jarum Jam .............. 106Gambar 4.54 Pengukuran Keluaran Driver Motor Lawan Arah Jarum ........... 107Gambar 4.24 Rangkaian Driver Motor Stepper ................................................ 109Gambar 4.25 Lampu Indikator ............................................................................ 110 xvixvii
Tabel 4.1 Alat Penguji Sistem ....................................................................... 63Tabel 4.9 Tabel Kebenaran Network 7 .......................................................... 76Tabel 4.8 Tabel Kebenaran Network 6 ........................................................... 75Tabel 4.7 Tabel Kebenaran Network 5 .......................................................... 74Tabel 4.6 Tabel Kebenaran Network 4 ........................................................... 73Tabel 4.5 Tabel Kebenaran Network 3 .......................................................... 72Tabel 4.4 Tabel Kebenaran Network 2 ........................................................... 71Tabel 4.3 Tabel Kebenaran Network 1 .......................................................... 70Tabel 4.2 Hasil Pengukuran Parameter Transformator ................................. 64Tabel 3.7 Perencanaan Lampu Indikator Lift ................................................ 62DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 3.6 Perencanaan Penggerak Motor ...................................................... 61Tabel 3.5 Perencanaan Output PLC .............................................................. 55Tabel 3.4 Perencanaan Input PLC ................................................................. 54Tabel 3.3 Perencanaan Push Button Switch .................................................. 53Tabel 3.2 Perencanaan Sensor Lift ................................................................ 52Tabel 3.1 Kebutuhan Tegangan ..................................................................... 50Tabel 2.4 Pemberian Tegangan untuk Operasi Half-Step ............................. 45Tabel 2.3 Pemberian Tegangan untuk Operasi Full-Step .............................. 44Tabel 2.2 Pola 1-Phase Putaran Motor Stepper Unipolar.............................. 44Tabel 4.10 Tabel Kebenaran Network 8 ........................................................... 76xviii
Tabel 4.23 Tabel Kebenaran Network 21 ......................................................... 87Tabel 4.32 Tabel Kebenaran Network 30 ......................................................... 93Tabel 4.31 Tabel Kebenaran Network 29 ......................................................... 92Tabel 4.30 Tabel Kebenaran Network 28 ......................................................... 92Tabel 4.29 Tabel Kebenaran Network 27 ......................................................... 91Tabel 4.28 Tabel Kebenaran Network 26 ......................................................... 90Tabel 4.27 Tabel Kebenaran Network 25 ......................................................... 90Tabel 4.26 Tabel Kebenaran Network 24 ......................................................... 89Tabel 4.25 Tabel Kebenaran Network 23 ......................................................... 88Tabel 4.24 Tabel Kebenaran Network 22 ......................................................... 88Tabel 4.22 Tabel Kebenaran Network 20 ......................................................... 86Tabel 4.11 Tabel Kebenaran Network 9 .......................................................... 77Tabel 4.21 Tabel Kebenaran Network 19 ......................................................... 85Tabel 4.20 Tabel Kebenaran Network 18 ......................................................... 84Tabel 4.19 Tabel Kebenaran Network 17 ........................................................ 83Tabel 4.18 Tabel Kebenaran Network 16 ......................................................... 82Tabel 4.17 Tabel Kebenaran Network 15 ........................................................ 82Tabel 4.16 Tabel Kebenaran Network 14 ......................................................... 81Tabel 4.15 Tabel Kebenaran Network 13 ........................................................ 80Tabel 4.14 Tabel Kebenaran Network 12 ......................................................... 79Tabel 4.12 Tabel Kebenaran Network 10 ......................................................... 78Tabel 4.33 Tabel Kebenaran Network 31 ......................................................... 94xix