THE CORRELATION BETWEEN SECOND LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY AND SELF-EFFICACY IN THIRD LANGUAGE LEARNING VIA SECOND LANGUAGE UNDERGRADUATE THESIS
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN
SECOND LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY
AND
SELF-EFFICACY IN THIRD LANGUAGE LEARNING
VIA SECOND LANGUAGE
UNDERGRADUATE THESIS
FERDINAND RASALI
10.40.0025
FACULTY OF PSYCHOLOGY
SOEGIJAPRANATA CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY
SEMARANG
2014
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN
SECOND LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY
AND
SELF-EFFICACY IN THIRD LANGUAGE LEARNING
VIA SECOND LANGUAGE
UNDERGRADUATE THESIS
Submitted to Faculty of Psychology Soegijapranata Catholic University
as One of Requirements to Achieve Bachelor Degree in Psychology
FERDINAND RASALI
10.40.0025
FACULTY OF PSYCHOLOGY
SOEGIJAPRANATA CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY
SEMARANG
2014
PAGE OF APPROVAL
Defended in the presence of Soegijapranata Catholic University
Faculty of Psychology Board of Examiners and Accepted as One of
Requirements to Achieve Bachelor Degree in Psychology
rdOctober 23 2014 Approved by
Faculty of Psychology Soegijapranata Catholic University
Dean, (Dr. M. Sih Setija Utami, M.Kes)
Board of examiners 1.
_____________________ Dr. M. Sih Setija Utami, M.Kes 2.
_____________________ Augustina Sulastri, S.Psi., Psi 3.
_____________________ Dr. A. Rachmad Djati Winarno, MS
MOTTO
“春去春回來, 花謝花會再開”
“花心”- 周華健
“Spring went, spring will come again.
Flower withers, flower will blossom again.”
“Hua Xin” – Zhou Hua JianThis too shall pass.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Writer would like to deliver acknowledgements to God so this thesis could be completed. Also for everyone who helped in this research:
1. Dr. M. Sih Setija Utami, M.Kes as the Dean of Faculty of Psychology Soegijapranata Catholic University and as thesis examiner.
2. Dr. A. Rachmad Djati, MS as thesis advisor and examiner who helped writer so much on working the thesis, both professionally and personally.
3. Dr. Y. Bagus Wismanto, MS as academic supervisor in Soegijapranata Catholic University.
4. Augustina Sulastri, S.Psi., Psi as a lecturer and thesis examiner who really concerned about this study and helped writer on scientific writing skill.
5. All the lecturers of Faculty of Psychology Soegijapranata Catholic University.
6. All the administration staff of Faculty of Psychology Soegijapranata Catholic University (Mas Pri, Mas Sabar, Mb Deo, Mb Dewi, Mas Gandi, Pak Gik).
7. Tan Agung Haryono, S.S (Dunia Bahasa) and team who helped constructing English Proficiency Test.
8. Providence University, Center of Chinese Language as the institute who gave research permission in Taiwan.
9. My family at home; Dad, Mam, Cicik, Koko, Mb Tun, Pak Sobri, Philip, and Geby.
10. Beloved GOT friends for all the support and positive atmosphere, Vincent, Dimas, Vivin, Olive, Jessica, Oline, Aldi.
11. Mbak Yuli, Indah, Vyra, Reyner, Gaby, There, Teteph, Koh Rafa, Pak Andre, and all of everyone who I met at International Office.
12. Hypnomorphosis club Family. Koh Danny, Mb Wuri, Dimas, Ahun, Koh Rangga, and everyone.
13. Lusi, Vio, Osa, Albert, Alvin, Gege, Herman, Sylver, and all students of Psychology.
14. My Senate family. Kries, Oky, Soca, Kiki, Maria, Egi, Daniel, Angga, Gorbi, Gary, Judith, Caca, Roby.
15. Everyone who I could not mention here. Thank you all.
16. And last but not least, myself. For always being there and once again going out of the comfort zone.
This thesis is far from perfect, but writer would always learn and hope that any information in this thesis would be useful for readers.
Semarang, October 2014 Writer
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN
SECOND LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY
AND
SELF-EFFICACY IN THIRD LANGUAGE LEARNING
Ferdinand Rasali The Faculty of Psychology
Soegijapranata Catholic University Semarang
ABSTRACT
Many people who are working or studying abroad learn local language, which might be a new language for them. The challenge is new language learning may not be provided in their native languages but in L2 (second language), therefore they need to learn the new language as L3 (third language) via L2. This study will focus on correlation between L2 proficiency and self-efficacy in L3 learning via L2 on exchange students from 17 countries, where English language as L2 and Chinese language as L3. The first method used in this study was quantitative using self-efficacy scale and L2 proficiency test to find correlation between them using product moment technique. The second method was qualitative using interview to find the relation between self-efficacy in L3 learning via L2 context and L2 proficiency. The research resulted in the positive correlation between L2 proficiency and self-efficacy in L3 via L2 (r = 0.416, p < 0.05), also that
xy cultural background showed to contribute in the forming of self-efficacy.
The conclusion can also be drawn that L2 proficiency as previous performance accomplishments was very impactful for predicting self- efficacy. By improving L2 proficiency, the self-efficacy for L3 learning via L2 would also be improved.
Keywords: Self-efficacy, language learning, third language, second
language proficiency.TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE i
……………………………………………………… PAGE OF APPROVAL ii
……………………………………… MOTTO iii
……………………………………………………… ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv
……………………………………… ABSTRACT vi
……………………………………………… TABLE OF CONTENTS vii
……………………………………… LIST OF TABLES xii
……………………………………………… LIST OF FIGURES xiii
……………………………………………… LIST OF APPENDIX xiv
………………………………………
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION A. Research Background
1 ………………………………
B. Research Purpose
5 ………………………………
C. Research Benefits
5 ………………………………
1. Theoretical Benefits
5 ……………………....
2. Practical Benefits
5 ……………………....
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW A. Self-efficacy in L3 Learning via L2 1.
6 Self-efficacy ……………………………… a.
6 ………………
Definitions of Self-efficacy b.
8 ………………………
Role of Self-efficacy c.
10 ………
Aspects/Dimensions of Self-efficacy d.
12 Predisposing Factors of Self-efficacy ……… 2. L3 Learning via L2 a.
17 …………
Definitions of L3 Learning via L2 b.
19 Aspects/Dimensions of L3 Learning via L2 …… B. L2 Proficiency 1.
23 Definitions of L2 Proficiency …………………… 2.
25 Aspects/Dimensions of L2 Proficiency ………… a.
25 Vocabulary …………………………………… b.
26 Grammar …………………………………… c.
27 Reading Comprehension …………………… C. Second Language Proficiency and Self-efficacy in Third Language
Learning via Second Language
28 …………………… D.
31 …………………………………………
Hypothesis
CHAPTER 3 METHODS A.
32 Research Method …………………………………… B.
32 Research Variables Identification ………………… C.
32 …………………
Research Operational Definition 1.
32 Self-efficacy in L3 Learning via L2 ……………… 2.
33 L2 Proficiency ………………… ………………… D.
33 ……………………………………
Research Subject Population and Sampling
33 ……………………… E.
34 ……………………………
Data Gathering Method
1.
34 ……………………………
Quantitative Method a.
34 Self-efficacy in L3 learning via L2 Scale ……… b.
36 English Language Competency Test…………… 2.
36 ……………………………
Qualitative Method a.
36 Interview …………………………………… b.
37 Observation …………………………………… F.
37 Validity and reliability ………………………………… G.
37 Data Analysis Method …………………………………
CHAPTER 4 RESEARCH PREPARATION AND EXECUTION A.
38 Research Setting ……………………………………… 1.
38 …………………………………………
Survey 2.
39 Research Permission ……………………………… 3.
39 Data Gathering Method ………………………… B.
40 Measuring Instrument Analysis ……………………… C.
41 Research Execution ………………………………
CHAPTER 5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS A.
45 Quantitative Research Results ……………………… 1.
45 Assumption Test and Significance Rate ………… a.
45 Normality Test ……………………………… b.
46 Linearity Test ……………………………… 2.
46 Hypothesis Testing ……………………………… B.
47 Qualitative Research Results ………………………… 1.
47 Subject 1 ………………………………………… a.
Subject Identity …………………………………
…………………
…………………
85 c. Interview Result Summary
85 b. Observation Result Summary …………………
85 a. Subject Identity …………………………………
79 5. Subject 5 …………………………………………
……………………
77 d. Subject 4 Case Analysis
…………………
76 c. Interview Result Summary
76 b. Observation Result Summary …………………
76 a. Subject Identity …………………………………
69 4. Subject 4 …………………………………………
……………………
67 d. Subject 3 Case Analysis
66 c. Interview Result Summary
47 b. Observation Result Summary …………………
66 b. Observation Result Summary …………………
66 a. Subject Identity …………………………………
60 3. Subject 3 …………………………………………
……………………
57 d. Subject 2 Case Analysis
…………………
56 c. Interview Result Summary
56 b. Observation Result Summary …………………
56 a. Subject Identity …………………………………
51 2. Subject 2 …………………………………………
……………………
48 d. Subject 1 Case Analysis
…………………
47 c. Interview Result Summary
86 d.
89 ……………………
Subject 5 Case Analysis C.
95 Discussions ………………………………………
CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS A.
99 ………………………………………
Conclusions B.
99 Recommendations ……………………………… 1.
99 ………………………
For Research Subjects 2.
100 For Future Research ………………………………
BIBLIOGRAPHY 101
………………………………………………
LIST OF TABLES 1.
…………………………………………………
…………………………………………………
83 10. Table 5.2.5
Table 5.2.4 …………………………………………………74 9.
…………………………………………………
64 8. Table 5.2.3
……………………………………………… 54 7. Table 5.2.2
Table 2 ……………………………………………… 17 2.
44 6. Table 5.2.1
…………………………………………………
41 5. Table 4.2
Table 4.1 …………………………………………………Table 3.2 ……………………………………………… 35 4.
Table 3.1 ……………………………………………… 35 3.
93
LIST OF FIGURES 1.
55 6.
Figure 5.2.5 ………………………………………………84 9.
Figure 5.2.4 ………………………………………………75 8.
Figure 5.2.3 ………………………………………………65 7.
Figure 5.2.2 ………………………………………………Figure 5.2.1 ………………………………………………Figure 2.1 ………………………………………………
30 5.
………………………………………………
27 4. Figure 2.4
Figure 2.3 ………………………………………………9 3.
………………………………………………
6 2. Figure 2.2
94