Computers Are Your Future Twelfth Edition
Computers Are Your Future
Twelfth Edition
Chapter 12: Databases and Information Systems
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
1
Databases and
Information Systems
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
2
Objectives
• Describe the basic components of a
database.
• Describe the qualities of a good
database.
• Distinguish between file management
programs and relational database
management systems, and explain the
advantages and disadvantages of each.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
3
Objectives
• Differentiate between advanced database
programs and applications, such as data
warehouses, data mining, client/server
database systems, and Web-database
integration.
• List the components and main functions
of an information system.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
4
Objectives
• Recognize the functional divisions and
business units of an organization.
• List the major types of information
systems used in today’s organizations.
• Describe how the retail sector is taking
advantage of computer databases to
increase sales and gain a competitive
edge.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
5
The Levels of
Data in a Database
• Database
o Collection of related data organized so it is
easy to:
•
•
•
•
•
Access
Manage
Update
Group
Summarize
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
6
The Levels of
Data in a Database
• Database units
o Bit
• Smallest unit of data stored by a computer
• Contains either a 1 or a 0
o Character
• A letter, number, or symbol
• Made of bytes—groups of 8 bits
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
7
The Levels of
Data in a Database
• Database units (con’t.)
o Field
• Single unit of relative information
• Has a field name—identifies content
• Content is data type—includes items as Text,
Number, Currency, Date/Time
o Record
• Includes a group of related fields
• Contained in tables or data files
• Has a primary key—unique identifier for each record
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
8
The Levels of
Data in a Database
• Database units (con’t.)
o Data file (table)
• Collection of records
o Database
• One or more data files
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
9
The Levels of
Data in a Database
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
10
Advantages of Database
Management Systems
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
11
Advantages of Database
Management Systems
• Data integrity
o Data is valid
• Data validation
o Techniques used to
help prevent errors
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
12
Advantages of Database
Management Systems
• Data independence
o Separate from applications
o Changes do not require changes in structure of
forms, reports, or programs accessing databases
• Avoiding data redundancy
o Enter data only once
o Multiple entries of the same data—a sign of a poorly
developed system
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
13
Advantages of Database
Management Systems
• Data security
o Prevents contents from being accessed by
unauthorized users (e.g., medical records, financial
data)
o Audit trail—report of who accesses which data
• Data maintenance
o
o
o
o
Required for proper care and protection
Add records
Modify records
Delete records
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
14
Types of Database
Programs
Database Programs
• Software used to create
databases
o File management program
• Generates a flat file, meaning that there is no
relationship with fields in other files
o Database management systems (DBMSs)
• Manage multiple tables or files
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
15
Types of Database
Programs
• File management systems
o Useful for personal and small business needs
o Used to develop a simple computerized system for
information storage and retrieval
o Inexpensive and easy to use
o Unable to link to data stored in other files
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
16
Types of Database
Programs
• DBMS (Database management
systems)
o
o
o
o
o
Connects several files or tables
Manages, accesses, stores, and edits data
Available in a variety of forms
Not usually tied to one particular platform
Able to present information in reports and other
formats
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
17
Types of Database
Programs
Popular DBMS software
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
18
Types of Database
Programs
• DBMS classifications
o
o
o
o
Flat
Relational
Object oriented
Multidimensional
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
19
Types of Database
Programs
• RDBMS (Relational database
management systems)
o
o
o
o
o
Most widely used class of DBMS
Primary key field used as index to locate records
Queries can be done through SQL
Data dictionary lists all tables in database
Compared to file management program, RDBMS is:
• More expensive
• More difficult to learn
• Better at controlling data redundancy
• Better at preventing potential data errors
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
20
Types of Database
Programs
• Microsoft Access
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
21
Types of Database
Programs
• ODBMS (Object-oriented
database management systems)
o Suits media applications
o Data represented as objects
o Incorporate sound, video, text, and graphics
o Well suited for applications such as:
• Financial portfolio risk analysis
• Design and manufacturing systems
• Hospital patient record systems
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
22
Types of Database
Programs
• Multidimensional
databases
o Depicted as a data cube
o Dimensions typically
categories (i.e., time,
products, sales, customers,
budget, and markets)
o Choice for online analytical
processing (OLAP)
o MDX query language can
access multiple dimensions
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
23
Types of Database
Programs
• Data warehouses
o Central location capable of storing all corporate
information
o Data available for analysis
o Helps executives make decisions
• Use drill-down method (start with summary level
and move down) to focus on specific data
o Data marts similar but support a department or
division
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
24
Types of Database
Programs
• Data mining
o Explores and analyzes data
o Determines data patterns
helpful for making decisions
o Managers better understand
customers and market
o Can help predict future
trends
o Variation is Web mining
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
25
Types of Database
Programs
• Client/server database systems
o Use database server software—responds to remote
users’ requests for information
o Use database client software—provides an interface
with the user
o Use queries to request information from the
database server
• Examples: ATMs and online banking
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
26
Types of Database
Programs
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
27
Types of Database
Programs
• Web–database integration
• Taking database information and making it accessible
via the Internet
o Google, Yahoo!, Wikipedia
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
28
Types of Database
Programs
• Cloud computing database
o Contenders
• Amazon SimpleDB
• Google AppEngine Datastore
• Microsoft SQL Data Services
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
29
Information Systems:
Tools for Global
Competitiveness
• Information
systems
o Integrate:
• People
• Hardware
• Software
• Data
• Procedures
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
30
Information Systems:
Tools for Global
Competitiveness
• Information systems (con’t.)
o Perform many functions:
• Accepts input (data)
• Processes data into information
• Stores data
• Disseminates information throughout
organization
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
31
Information Systems:
Tools for Global
Competitiveness
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
32
Information Systems:
Tools for Global
Competitiveness
• Reduce information overload
o Route to appropriate users
o Summarize
o Provide information to selected people with specific
needs
o Eliminate unnecessary information
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
33
Information Systems:
Tools for Global
Competitiveness
• Functional
divisions
o Manage core functions
of an organization
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
34
Information Systems:
Tools for Global
Competiveness
• Typical functional divisions
o Accounting
• Accounts payable, accounts receivable, cost
accounting, sales information, accounting reports
o Finance
• Forecasting, budgeting, cash management, budget
analysis, financial reports
o Marketing and sales
• Maintaining public image and generating sales
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
35
Information Systems:
Tools for Global
Competiveness
• Typical functional divisions (con’t)
o Human Resources
• Tracks employees
o Production/operation
• Plans and controls processes that produce goods and
services
o Information Systems
• System of people, data records, hardware and
software that process data and information
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
36
Information Systems:
Tools for Global
Competiveness
• Business units
o Use of information systems:
• Analyze market
• Provide analysis and summary of market
information
• Review and adjust strategies
• Influence competition
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
37
Information Systems in
Organizations: A Survey
• Transaction processing systems
o
o
o
o
Handle day-to-day accounting needs
Keeps record of every transaction involving money
Save money by automating routine recordkeeping
Batch online processing
• Management information
systems
o Provide information needed to make decisions
o Generate predefined reports
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
38
Information Systems in
Organizations: A Survey
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
39
Information Systems in
Organizations: A Survey
• Decision support systems
o Produce reports more specific than management
information system reports
o Enable managers to create simulations
• OLAP (online analytical processing)
• Executive information systems
o Help top-level managers make strategic decisions
o Filter critical information to show trends
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
40
Information Systems in
Organizations: A Survey
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
41
Information Systems in
Organizations: A Survey
• Knowledge management
systems
o Use information from books and experienced
individuals to assist decision making
• Expert systems
o Rely on detailed and in-depth knowledge of experts
in a specific field
o Use knowledge base to generate answers
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
42
Information Systems in
Organizations: A Survey
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
43
Information Systems in
Organizations: A Survey
• Retail sector
o Computers and databases not
only used for traditional
applications
• Point-of-sale (POS)
o
o
o
o
o
o
Credit card authorization
Inventory system
Check-screening system
Signature capture system
Photo checkout system
Marketing devices
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
44
Summary
• A database is a collection of data stored
in an organized way. The units of a
database are: table or data file, records,
field, and bit.
• A good database ensures data integrity,
promotes data independence, avoids data
redundancy, ensures data security, and
provides procedures for data
maintenance.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
45
Summary
• File management programs, which work
with a single flat file, are easy to use and
inexpensive. A database management
system works with two or more data files
that can be related by common fields.
• Data warehouses bring data together
from many smaller databases into one
massive database. Data mining and Web
mining explore data to discover unknown
patterns.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
46
Summary
• Client-server database systems and Web–
database integration are examples of
Database management systems (DBMS).
• An information system includes data,
hardware, software, people, and
procedures.
• Functional divisions of an organization
include: accounting, finance, marketing
and sales, human resources, production/
operations, and information systems.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
47
Summary
• Information systems include: transaction
processing systems, management information
systems, decision support systems, executive
information system, knowledge management
systems, and expert systems.
• The retail sector’s use of POS terminals, when
linked with inventory databases and other
systems such as check-screening systems,
provides businesses with the ability to
perform many business tasks effectively.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
48
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written
permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Prentice Hall
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
49
Twelfth Edition
Chapter 12: Databases and Information Systems
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
1
Databases and
Information Systems
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
2
Objectives
• Describe the basic components of a
database.
• Describe the qualities of a good
database.
• Distinguish between file management
programs and relational database
management systems, and explain the
advantages and disadvantages of each.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
3
Objectives
• Differentiate between advanced database
programs and applications, such as data
warehouses, data mining, client/server
database systems, and Web-database
integration.
• List the components and main functions
of an information system.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
4
Objectives
• Recognize the functional divisions and
business units of an organization.
• List the major types of information
systems used in today’s organizations.
• Describe how the retail sector is taking
advantage of computer databases to
increase sales and gain a competitive
edge.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
5
The Levels of
Data in a Database
• Database
o Collection of related data organized so it is
easy to:
•
•
•
•
•
Access
Manage
Update
Group
Summarize
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
6
The Levels of
Data in a Database
• Database units
o Bit
• Smallest unit of data stored by a computer
• Contains either a 1 or a 0
o Character
• A letter, number, or symbol
• Made of bytes—groups of 8 bits
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
7
The Levels of
Data in a Database
• Database units (con’t.)
o Field
• Single unit of relative information
• Has a field name—identifies content
• Content is data type—includes items as Text,
Number, Currency, Date/Time
o Record
• Includes a group of related fields
• Contained in tables or data files
• Has a primary key—unique identifier for each record
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
8
The Levels of
Data in a Database
• Database units (con’t.)
o Data file (table)
• Collection of records
o Database
• One or more data files
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
9
The Levels of
Data in a Database
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
10
Advantages of Database
Management Systems
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
11
Advantages of Database
Management Systems
• Data integrity
o Data is valid
• Data validation
o Techniques used to
help prevent errors
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
12
Advantages of Database
Management Systems
• Data independence
o Separate from applications
o Changes do not require changes in structure of
forms, reports, or programs accessing databases
• Avoiding data redundancy
o Enter data only once
o Multiple entries of the same data—a sign of a poorly
developed system
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
13
Advantages of Database
Management Systems
• Data security
o Prevents contents from being accessed by
unauthorized users (e.g., medical records, financial
data)
o Audit trail—report of who accesses which data
• Data maintenance
o
o
o
o
Required for proper care and protection
Add records
Modify records
Delete records
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
14
Types of Database
Programs
Database Programs
• Software used to create
databases
o File management program
• Generates a flat file, meaning that there is no
relationship with fields in other files
o Database management systems (DBMSs)
• Manage multiple tables or files
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
15
Types of Database
Programs
• File management systems
o Useful for personal and small business needs
o Used to develop a simple computerized system for
information storage and retrieval
o Inexpensive and easy to use
o Unable to link to data stored in other files
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
16
Types of Database
Programs
• DBMS (Database management
systems)
o
o
o
o
o
Connects several files or tables
Manages, accesses, stores, and edits data
Available in a variety of forms
Not usually tied to one particular platform
Able to present information in reports and other
formats
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
17
Types of Database
Programs
Popular DBMS software
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
18
Types of Database
Programs
• DBMS classifications
o
o
o
o
Flat
Relational
Object oriented
Multidimensional
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
19
Types of Database
Programs
• RDBMS (Relational database
management systems)
o
o
o
o
o
Most widely used class of DBMS
Primary key field used as index to locate records
Queries can be done through SQL
Data dictionary lists all tables in database
Compared to file management program, RDBMS is:
• More expensive
• More difficult to learn
• Better at controlling data redundancy
• Better at preventing potential data errors
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
20
Types of Database
Programs
• Microsoft Access
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
21
Types of Database
Programs
• ODBMS (Object-oriented
database management systems)
o Suits media applications
o Data represented as objects
o Incorporate sound, video, text, and graphics
o Well suited for applications such as:
• Financial portfolio risk analysis
• Design and manufacturing systems
• Hospital patient record systems
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
22
Types of Database
Programs
• Multidimensional
databases
o Depicted as a data cube
o Dimensions typically
categories (i.e., time,
products, sales, customers,
budget, and markets)
o Choice for online analytical
processing (OLAP)
o MDX query language can
access multiple dimensions
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
23
Types of Database
Programs
• Data warehouses
o Central location capable of storing all corporate
information
o Data available for analysis
o Helps executives make decisions
• Use drill-down method (start with summary level
and move down) to focus on specific data
o Data marts similar but support a department or
division
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
24
Types of Database
Programs
• Data mining
o Explores and analyzes data
o Determines data patterns
helpful for making decisions
o Managers better understand
customers and market
o Can help predict future
trends
o Variation is Web mining
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
25
Types of Database
Programs
• Client/server database systems
o Use database server software—responds to remote
users’ requests for information
o Use database client software—provides an interface
with the user
o Use queries to request information from the
database server
• Examples: ATMs and online banking
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
26
Types of Database
Programs
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
27
Types of Database
Programs
• Web–database integration
• Taking database information and making it accessible
via the Internet
o Google, Yahoo!, Wikipedia
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
28
Types of Database
Programs
• Cloud computing database
o Contenders
• Amazon SimpleDB
• Google AppEngine Datastore
• Microsoft SQL Data Services
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
29
Information Systems:
Tools for Global
Competitiveness
• Information
systems
o Integrate:
• People
• Hardware
• Software
• Data
• Procedures
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
30
Information Systems:
Tools for Global
Competitiveness
• Information systems (con’t.)
o Perform many functions:
• Accepts input (data)
• Processes data into information
• Stores data
• Disseminates information throughout
organization
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
31
Information Systems:
Tools for Global
Competitiveness
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
32
Information Systems:
Tools for Global
Competitiveness
• Reduce information overload
o Route to appropriate users
o Summarize
o Provide information to selected people with specific
needs
o Eliminate unnecessary information
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
33
Information Systems:
Tools for Global
Competitiveness
• Functional
divisions
o Manage core functions
of an organization
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
34
Information Systems:
Tools for Global
Competiveness
• Typical functional divisions
o Accounting
• Accounts payable, accounts receivable, cost
accounting, sales information, accounting reports
o Finance
• Forecasting, budgeting, cash management, budget
analysis, financial reports
o Marketing and sales
• Maintaining public image and generating sales
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
35
Information Systems:
Tools for Global
Competiveness
• Typical functional divisions (con’t)
o Human Resources
• Tracks employees
o Production/operation
• Plans and controls processes that produce goods and
services
o Information Systems
• System of people, data records, hardware and
software that process data and information
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
36
Information Systems:
Tools for Global
Competiveness
• Business units
o Use of information systems:
• Analyze market
• Provide analysis and summary of market
information
• Review and adjust strategies
• Influence competition
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
37
Information Systems in
Organizations: A Survey
• Transaction processing systems
o
o
o
o
Handle day-to-day accounting needs
Keeps record of every transaction involving money
Save money by automating routine recordkeeping
Batch online processing
• Management information
systems
o Provide information needed to make decisions
o Generate predefined reports
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
38
Information Systems in
Organizations: A Survey
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
39
Information Systems in
Organizations: A Survey
• Decision support systems
o Produce reports more specific than management
information system reports
o Enable managers to create simulations
• OLAP (online analytical processing)
• Executive information systems
o Help top-level managers make strategic decisions
o Filter critical information to show trends
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
40
Information Systems in
Organizations: A Survey
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
41
Information Systems in
Organizations: A Survey
• Knowledge management
systems
o Use information from books and experienced
individuals to assist decision making
• Expert systems
o Rely on detailed and in-depth knowledge of experts
in a specific field
o Use knowledge base to generate answers
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
42
Information Systems in
Organizations: A Survey
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
43
Information Systems in
Organizations: A Survey
• Retail sector
o Computers and databases not
only used for traditional
applications
• Point-of-sale (POS)
o
o
o
o
o
o
Credit card authorization
Inventory system
Check-screening system
Signature capture system
Photo checkout system
Marketing devices
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
44
Summary
• A database is a collection of data stored
in an organized way. The units of a
database are: table or data file, records,
field, and bit.
• A good database ensures data integrity,
promotes data independence, avoids data
redundancy, ensures data security, and
provides procedures for data
maintenance.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
45
Summary
• File management programs, which work
with a single flat file, are easy to use and
inexpensive. A database management
system works with two or more data files
that can be related by common fields.
• Data warehouses bring data together
from many smaller databases into one
massive database. Data mining and Web
mining explore data to discover unknown
patterns.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
46
Summary
• Client-server database systems and Web–
database integration are examples of
Database management systems (DBMS).
• An information system includes data,
hardware, software, people, and
procedures.
• Functional divisions of an organization
include: accounting, finance, marketing
and sales, human resources, production/
operations, and information systems.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
47
Summary
• Information systems include: transaction
processing systems, management information
systems, decision support systems, executive
information system, knowledge management
systems, and expert systems.
• The retail sector’s use of POS terminals, when
linked with inventory databases and other
systems such as check-screening systems,
provides businesses with the ability to
perform many business tasks effectively.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
48
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written
permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Prentice Hall
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
49