Three World’s Meet Chapter 1 - Three World Chapter 1 Notes Student Version

  Three World’s Meet Chapter 1

  Peopling the Americas 22,000 years ago hunters

• ____________________________________________________________________ Inhabitants _______________________________ until climate warms 12,000 to 10,000 years • ago Hunt small ___________________________________________
• Planting of _________________________________________________________ 10,000 to 5,000 years
• ago Some cultures remain
• ________________________________________________________________________ The Olmec ______________________________________________________ along Gulf of Mexico • A.D. 250 to 900, • ______________________________________________________________________________ The _________________________________________________________________________________ in
• 1200s Inca establish empire
• _________________________________________________________________________ Cultures have _____________________________________________________________; some have • writing

  Aztecs Located in ________________________________

• Tenochtitlan—___________________________________________________________________
• Mayans Accomplished • _______________________________________________________________________________. The __________________________________ were centers for rituals and religion • Pyramids such as
• _____________________________________________________________________________

  Mayan Astronomy Masters of the Night Sky- ______________________________________________________________

• Accurately __________________________________________________ by using a forked stick like
• implement Created an __________________________________________ • Predicted ___________________________________________________
• Mayan Religion: The Ball Game

  Mayans ________________________________________________ from the Olmecs that was an important part of Mayan political and religious festivals High-ranking captives

• _________________________________________________________________________
• faced torture and execution immediately following the match

  The ________________________________________________________________________ and

  Object of the game was to • ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

  Peopling the Americas About

• ______________________________________________________________________________________ Groups established civilizations, 300 B.C. to A.D. 1400 •

  Hohokam ______________________________________________ • Anasazi _________________________________________________________________ •

• interconnected rooms and reaching 5 stories tall.

  The Anasazis built cliff-dwellings out of sandstone blocks, some with over 600

• East______________________________________________________________________________________ Adena, Hopewell build

  In

• ______________________________________________________________________ Mississippian • ________________________________________________________________________________
• and may have had a population of 40,000.

  Their largest settlement, Cahokia, was located near present day St. Louis, Missouri

  North American Societies around 1492 In _____________________________, Kashaya Pomo hunt waterfowl along northwest coast • The _______________________________________ gather acorns in forests, fish in mountain • streams.

• _____________________________________________________________________________ Kwakiutl, Nootka, & Haida •

  In the NW Coast

  ______________________________________________________________________ North American Societies around 1492 • In the SW, • ___________________________________________________________________________________

  Descendants of Anasazi civilization.

• Hopi, Acoma live near cliffs__________________________________________________________________
• Grow corn, beans, squash; build kivas, underground ceremonial rooms
• North American Societies around 1492
• In the ________________________________________________________________ build villages in forests; farm, hunt, gather
• The Iroquois League ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________
• Trading—_______________________________________________________________________________ with each other, along with how they transported goods.
• Land Use—way of life for the Indians. _____________________________________ and worked by everyone…land was not owned, hence not for sale.
• Religion—___________________________________________________________________________
• Kinship—_____________________________________________________________________. This helped ensure that family customs would be passed down from generation to generation. Also, men and women had clearly defined roles in their tribes.
• Division of Labor— ___________________________________________________________________________________________

  West African Societies around 1492

• In mid-1400s, _______________________________________________________; gains wealth, power
• Sunni Ali rules 1464–1492, _________________________________________________________
• Timbuktu again becomes great center of ________________________________________
• Songhai control savanna (dry grasslands) but not forest area
• West African Societies around 1492
• Benin Forest kingdoms trade with Songhai, North Africa, Portugal •

  Benin dominates large area around Niger Delta

• Oba, or ruler, controls trade, district chiefs, metal work
• Kongo—many small kingdoms in rain forest, lower CongoRiver
• Manikongo, or ruler, oversees empire of over 4 million people
• Kongo system of government very similar to that of European nations European Societies around 1492
• Hierarchy—_________________________________________________________________ Problem was that there was little chance to move up in class…economic opportunities of the New World

  gave some people hope. Also, most of the people of Europe were Peasants (bottom of ladder) Nuclear Family—_________________________________________________________________ This is

• what was important to the Europeans (much different than the Native American Kinship)

  Reasons For Exploration Renaissance •

• People paid

  Period of Time in Euro History (1400-1600)

• _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________
• Crusades Series of ________________________________________________________________________
• (Spread Christianity) Caused Europeans to increase trade with the Middle East…led to a strong desire for • their goods and a need for an easier trade route.
• Split in the ____________________________________________________________________

  Reformation

  Caused people to want to move away because of Religious Persecution Growth of Commerce and Population

  __________________________________________________________ More trade with Asia---more need for easy route

• Rise of Nations •

  Portugal, France, England, Spain • ______________________________________________________________________________ • ______________________________________________________________________________

• Compass and Astrolabe ___________________________________________________. Able to ________________________________________

  Sailing Technology

• Transatlantic Encounters In 1492, _____________________________________________ attempts to reach Asia by sailing • west Meets Taino—natives of Caribbean; renames
• _______________________________________________ Columbus •

  __________________________________________________________________________________

  Explores small islands and coastlines __________________________________

• ________________________________________________________________________________ Europeans force

  Colonization—

• ___________________________________________________________________________________________

  Leading Towards Slavery Spanish ____________________________________________________ • Natives ____________________________________________________

• Then _______________________________ were used when the Natives died. Slave trade brought big money
• Trade _____________________________________________
• Resisting the Spanish Best option was to _____________________________________
• Some natives tried to fight back in protest, • ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Spanish were “supposed” to try to convert the Natives,
• ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

  Columbus…hero or villain?

• Hero Explored the _______________________________________
• Started _____________________________________________ • Started __________________________________________________ •

  Villain •

• Started ____________________________________ Greedy—______________________________________________
• Slavery—natives then Africans •
• Transatlantic Encounters Thousands of Europeans _____________________________________________________

  Killed __________________________________________________

• Columbian Exchange: ________________________________________________________ •
• 1494 ______________________________________ divides Western Hemisphere:

  lands west of

  ___________________________________________________________________________ lands

• _____________________________________________________________________________________
• _____________________________________________________________________________________

  Treaty