s pe 0807110 table of content
DAFTAR ISI
Abstrak ............................................................................................................ i
Kata Pengantar ................................................................................................. ii
Ucapan Terima Kasih ...................................................................................... iii
Daftar Isi........................................................................................................... vii
Daftar Tabel ..................................................................................................... x
Daftar Gambar .................................................................................................. xii
BAB I: PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah............................................................................ 1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah ..................................................................................... 7
1.3 Tujuan Dan Manfaat Penelitian ................................................................ 7
1.3.1 Tujuan Penelitian ............................................................................. 7
1.3.2 Manfaat Penelitian ........................................................................... 8
1.3.2.1 Manfaat Teoritis .................................................................. 8
1.3.2.2 Manfaat Praktis .................................................................... 8
BAB II: TINJAUAN PUSTAKA, KERANGKA PEMIKIRAN DAN
HIPOTESIS
2.1 Tinjauan Pustaka ....................................................................................... 9
2.1.1 Konsep Belajar ................................................................................. 9
2.1.1.1 Pengertian Belajar................................................................ 10
2.1.1.2 Teori Belajar ....................................................................... 11
A. Teori Belajar dari Robert Gagne .............................................. 12
B. Teori Belajar Sosial dari Albert Bandura. ................................ 13
C. Teori Belajar dari Benjamin Bloom ......................................... 15
2.1.2 Prestasi Belajar ................................................................................. 16
2.1.2.1 Pengertian Prestasi Belajar .................................................. 16
2.1.2.2 Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Prestasi Belajar ...................... 17
2.1.2.3 Indikator Prestasi Belajar .................................................... 24
2.1.3 Motivasi Belajar ............................................................................... 26
2.1.3.1 Pengertian Motivasi Belajar ................................................ 26
2.1.3.2 Teori Motivasi Belajar ......................................................... 27
2.1.3.3 Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Motivasi Belajar ..................... 28
2.1.3.4 Pentingnya Motivasi dalam Belajar..................................... 29
2.1.3.5 Indikator Motivasi Belajar .................................................. 32
2.1.3.6 Pengaruh Motivasi terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa ........... 33
2.1.4 Kompetensi Guru ............................................................................. 34
2.1.4.1 Pengertian Kompetensi Guru .............................................. 34
2.1.4.2 Indikator Kompetensi Guru ................................................. 39
2.1.4.3 Pengaruh Kompetensi Guru terhadap Motivasi dan Prestasi
Belajar Siswa ....................................................................... 45
2.1.5Iklim Sekolah .................................................................................... 47
2.1.5.1 Pengertian Iklim Sekolah..................................................... 47
2.1.5.2 Indikator Iklim Sekolah ....................................................... 49
2.1.5.3 Pengaruh Iklim Sekolah terhadap Motivasi dan Prestasi
Belajar Siswa ....................................................................... 54
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2.1.6 Penelitian Terdahulu ........................................................................ 56
2.2 Kerangka Pemikiran ................................................................................... 59
2.3 Hipotesis..................................................................................................... 62
BAB III: METODE PENELITIAN
3.1 Objek Penelitian ........................................................................................ 63
3.2 Metode Penelitian...................................................................................... 63
3.3 Populasi dan Sampel ................................................................................. 64
3.3.1 Populasi ............................................................................................ 64
3.3.2 Sampel .............................................................................................. 66
3.3.2.1 Sampel Sekolah ................................................................... 67
3.3.2.2 Sampel Siswa....................................................................... 69
3.4 Operasionalisasi Variabel .......................................................................... 70
3.5 Teknik Pengumpulan Data ......................................................................... 73
3.6 Instrumen Penelitian .................................................................................. 74
3.7 Pengujian Instrumen Penelitian.................................................................. 75
3.7.1 Uji Validitas .................................................................................... 75
3.7.2 Uji Reliabilitas ................................................................................. 76
3.8 Uji Multikolinearitas .................................................................................. 78
3.9 Teknik Analisis data dan Pengujian Hipotesis ........................................... 79
3.9.1 Teknik Analisis Data........................................................................ 79
3.9.2 Pengujian Hipotesis ......................................................................... 82
3.9.2.1 Koefisien determinasi (R2) .................................................. 82
3.9.2.2Pengujian Hipotesis Secara Simultan (Uji F) ....................... 83
3.9.2.3Pengujian Hipotesis Secara Parsial (Uji t) ............................ 84
3.9.2.4 Pengujian Overall Model Fit dengan Statistik Q dan
atau W .................................................................................. 85
3.9.2.5 Koefisien Jalur Error Variables atau Variabel Residu ........ 86
BAB IV: PEMBAHASAN HASIL PENELITIAN
4.1 Gambaran Umum Lokasi Penelitian .......................................................... 87
4.2 Gambaran Umum Responden .................................................................... 91
4.2.1 Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin ...................... 92
4.2.2 Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Umur .................................... 93
4.3 Analisis Instrumen Penelitian .................................................................... 93
4.3.1 Uji Validitas ...................................................................................... 94
4.3.2 Uji Reliabilitas .................................................................................. 96
4.4 Uji Multikolinearitas .................................................................................. 96
4.5 Gambaran Umum Variabel Penelitian ....................................................... 97
4.5.1 Kompetensi Guru (X1)......................................................................... 97
4.5.2 Iklim Sekolah (X2) ............................................................................ 101
4.5.3 Motivasi Belajar Siswa (X3) ............................................................. 103
4.5.4 Prestasi Belajar Siswa (Y) ................................................................. 104
4.6 Analisis Data dan Pengujian Hipotesis ...................................................... 105
4.6.1 Analisis Path Sub-struktur 1 ............................................................. 106
4.6.2 Analisis Path Sub-struktur 2 ............................................................. 111
4.6.3 Uji Kesesuaian Model ....................................................................... 118
4.6.4 Dekomposisi Pengaruh Antarvariabel..................................................... 119
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4.7 Pembahasan Hasil Penelitian ..................................................................... 122
4.7.1 Pengaruh Kompetensi Guru Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa ........ 122
4.7.2 Pengaruh Iklim Sekolah Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa .............. 125
4.7.3 Pengaruh Kompetensi Guru Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa ......... 127
4.7.4 Pengaruh Iklim Sekolah Terhadap Hasil Prestasi Belajar Siswa ..... 131
4.7.5 Pengaruh Motivasi Belajar Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa ........... 132
BAB V: PENUTUP
5.1 Kesimpulan ................................................................................................ 135
5.2 Saran ........................................................................................................... 136
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
LAMPIRAN
RIWAYAT HIDUP PENULIS
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 1.1 Nilai Rata-rata Ujian Nasional (UN) Ekonomi SMA di Kota
Bandung ........................................................................................... 3
Tabel 1.2 Nilai UKK Ekonomi semester II kelas X Tahun Pelajaran
2010/2011 ........................................................................................ 4
Tabel 2.1Jenis, Indikator, dan Cara Evaluasi Prestasi ..................................... 24
Tabel 2.2Indikator KompetensiGuru ............................................................... 40
Tabel 2.3Indikator Iklim Sekolah .................................................................... 49
Tabel 2.4Penelitian Terdahulu ......................................................................... 56
Tabel 3.1Populasi Kelas X SMA Negeri se-Kota Bandung Tahun Pelajaran
2011/2012 ........................................................................................ 65
Tabel 3.2Kluster SMA Negeri di Kota Bandung ............................................. 68
Tabel 3.3Sampel Siswa Kleas X ...................................................................... 70
Tabel 3.4Operasional Variabel......................................................................... 70
Tabel 4.1Jumlah Item Angket .......................................................................... 94
Tabel 4.2Uji Validitas Instrumen Penelitian .................................................... 94
Tabel 4.3Uji Reliabilitas Instrumen Penelitian ................................................ 96
Tabel 4.4Uji Multikolinearitas ......................................................................... 97
Tabel 4.5Kompetensi Guru .............................................................................. 98
Tabel 4.6Skor Kompetensi Guru...................................................................... 99
Tabel 4.7Rata-rata Jumlah Skor Item Pernyataan ............................................ 99
Tabel 4.8Skor Iklim Sekolah............................................................................ 101
Tabel 4.9Rata-rata Skor Iklim Sekolah ............................................................ 102
Tabel 4.10 Skor Motivasi Belajar Siswa .......................................................... 103
Tabel 4.11Prestasi Belajar Siswa Kelas X pada Mata Pelajaran Ekonomi
Tahun Ajaran 2011/2012 ................................................................. 104
Tabel 4.12 Matriks Korelasi Antarvariabel Eksogen dengan Variabel
Intervening ....................................................................................... 106
Tabel 4.13 Hasil Analisis Jalur Sub Struktur 1 ................................................ 107
Tabel 4.14 Hasil Analisis Regresi Koefisien Kompetensi Guru ...................... 109
Tabel 4.15 R2 Sub Struktur 1 ........................................................................... 110
Tabel 4.16 Hasil Uji F ...................................................................................... 110
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Tabel 4.17Error VariableSub Struktur 1 ......................................................... 111
Tabel 4.18 Matriks Korelasi Antarvariabel Eksogen dengan Variabel
Endogen ........................................................................................... 112
Tabel 4.19 Hasil Analisis Jalur Sub Struktur 2 ................................................ 113
Tabel 4.20 Hasil Analisis Kompetensi Guru Terhadap Prestasi Belajar ......... 115
Tabel 4.21 Matriks Korelasi Antarvariabel Eksogen dengan Variabel
Endogen ........................................................................................... 116
Tabel 4.22 R2 Sub Struktur 2 ........................................................................... 116
Tabel 4.23 Hasil Uji F ...................................................................................... 117
Tabel 4.24Error Variable Sub Struktur 2 ........................................................ 118
Tabel 4.25 Dekomposisi Pengaruh Antarvariabel ........................................... 120
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Konsep Tingkah Laku Menurut Albert Bandura ......................... 14
Gambar 2.2 Unsur-unsur Pembelajaran ........................................................... 18
Gambar 2.3 Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Proses dan Hasil belajar.................. 19
Gambar 2.4 Motivasi Belajar dalam Kerangka Rekayasa Pedagogis Guru dan
Emansipasi Kemandirian Siswa Sepanjang Hayat ........................ 30
Gambar 2.5 Kerangka Pemikiran ..................................................................... 62
Gambar 3.1 Diagram Analisis Jalur Sub-Struktur 1 ........................................ 81
Gambar 3.2Diagram Analisis Jalur Sub-Struktur 2 ......................................... 82
Gambar 4.1 Jumlah Siswa Berdasarkan Sekolah ............................................. 91
Gambar 4.2 Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin ................. 92
Gambar 4.3 Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Umur ............................... 93
Gambar 4.4 Diagram Analisis Jalur Model Sub-Struktur 1 ............................. 111
Gambar 4.5 Diagram Analisis Jalur Model Sub-Struktur 2 ............................. 118
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Abstrak ............................................................................................................ i
Kata Pengantar ................................................................................................. ii
Ucapan Terima Kasih ...................................................................................... iii
Daftar Isi........................................................................................................... vii
Daftar Tabel ..................................................................................................... x
Daftar Gambar .................................................................................................. xii
BAB I: PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah............................................................................ 1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah ..................................................................................... 7
1.3 Tujuan Dan Manfaat Penelitian ................................................................ 7
1.3.1 Tujuan Penelitian ............................................................................. 7
1.3.2 Manfaat Penelitian ........................................................................... 8
1.3.2.1 Manfaat Teoritis .................................................................. 8
1.3.2.2 Manfaat Praktis .................................................................... 8
BAB II: TINJAUAN PUSTAKA, KERANGKA PEMIKIRAN DAN
HIPOTESIS
2.1 Tinjauan Pustaka ....................................................................................... 9
2.1.1 Konsep Belajar ................................................................................. 9
2.1.1.1 Pengertian Belajar................................................................ 10
2.1.1.2 Teori Belajar ....................................................................... 11
A. Teori Belajar dari Robert Gagne .............................................. 12
B. Teori Belajar Sosial dari Albert Bandura. ................................ 13
C. Teori Belajar dari Benjamin Bloom ......................................... 15
2.1.2 Prestasi Belajar ................................................................................. 16
2.1.2.1 Pengertian Prestasi Belajar .................................................. 16
2.1.2.2 Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Prestasi Belajar ...................... 17
2.1.2.3 Indikator Prestasi Belajar .................................................... 24
2.1.3 Motivasi Belajar ............................................................................... 26
2.1.3.1 Pengertian Motivasi Belajar ................................................ 26
2.1.3.2 Teori Motivasi Belajar ......................................................... 27
2.1.3.3 Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Motivasi Belajar ..................... 28
2.1.3.4 Pentingnya Motivasi dalam Belajar..................................... 29
2.1.3.5 Indikator Motivasi Belajar .................................................. 32
2.1.3.6 Pengaruh Motivasi terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa ........... 33
2.1.4 Kompetensi Guru ............................................................................. 34
2.1.4.1 Pengertian Kompetensi Guru .............................................. 34
2.1.4.2 Indikator Kompetensi Guru ................................................. 39
2.1.4.3 Pengaruh Kompetensi Guru terhadap Motivasi dan Prestasi
Belajar Siswa ....................................................................... 45
2.1.5Iklim Sekolah .................................................................................... 47
2.1.5.1 Pengertian Iklim Sekolah..................................................... 47
2.1.5.2 Indikator Iklim Sekolah ....................................................... 49
2.1.5.3 Pengaruh Iklim Sekolah terhadap Motivasi dan Prestasi
Belajar Siswa ....................................................................... 54
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2.1.6 Penelitian Terdahulu ........................................................................ 56
2.2 Kerangka Pemikiran ................................................................................... 59
2.3 Hipotesis..................................................................................................... 62
BAB III: METODE PENELITIAN
3.1 Objek Penelitian ........................................................................................ 63
3.2 Metode Penelitian...................................................................................... 63
3.3 Populasi dan Sampel ................................................................................. 64
3.3.1 Populasi ............................................................................................ 64
3.3.2 Sampel .............................................................................................. 66
3.3.2.1 Sampel Sekolah ................................................................... 67
3.3.2.2 Sampel Siswa....................................................................... 69
3.4 Operasionalisasi Variabel .......................................................................... 70
3.5 Teknik Pengumpulan Data ......................................................................... 73
3.6 Instrumen Penelitian .................................................................................. 74
3.7 Pengujian Instrumen Penelitian.................................................................. 75
3.7.1 Uji Validitas .................................................................................... 75
3.7.2 Uji Reliabilitas ................................................................................. 76
3.8 Uji Multikolinearitas .................................................................................. 78
3.9 Teknik Analisis data dan Pengujian Hipotesis ........................................... 79
3.9.1 Teknik Analisis Data........................................................................ 79
3.9.2 Pengujian Hipotesis ......................................................................... 82
3.9.2.1 Koefisien determinasi (R2) .................................................. 82
3.9.2.2Pengujian Hipotesis Secara Simultan (Uji F) ....................... 83
3.9.2.3Pengujian Hipotesis Secara Parsial (Uji t) ............................ 84
3.9.2.4 Pengujian Overall Model Fit dengan Statistik Q dan
atau W .................................................................................. 85
3.9.2.5 Koefisien Jalur Error Variables atau Variabel Residu ........ 86
BAB IV: PEMBAHASAN HASIL PENELITIAN
4.1 Gambaran Umum Lokasi Penelitian .......................................................... 87
4.2 Gambaran Umum Responden .................................................................... 91
4.2.1 Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin ...................... 92
4.2.2 Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Umur .................................... 93
4.3 Analisis Instrumen Penelitian .................................................................... 93
4.3.1 Uji Validitas ...................................................................................... 94
4.3.2 Uji Reliabilitas .................................................................................. 96
4.4 Uji Multikolinearitas .................................................................................. 96
4.5 Gambaran Umum Variabel Penelitian ....................................................... 97
4.5.1 Kompetensi Guru (X1)......................................................................... 97
4.5.2 Iklim Sekolah (X2) ............................................................................ 101
4.5.3 Motivasi Belajar Siswa (X3) ............................................................. 103
4.5.4 Prestasi Belajar Siswa (Y) ................................................................. 104
4.6 Analisis Data dan Pengujian Hipotesis ...................................................... 105
4.6.1 Analisis Path Sub-struktur 1 ............................................................. 106
4.6.2 Analisis Path Sub-struktur 2 ............................................................. 111
4.6.3 Uji Kesesuaian Model ....................................................................... 118
4.6.4 Dekomposisi Pengaruh Antarvariabel..................................................... 119
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4.7 Pembahasan Hasil Penelitian ..................................................................... 122
4.7.1 Pengaruh Kompetensi Guru Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa ........ 122
4.7.2 Pengaruh Iklim Sekolah Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa .............. 125
4.7.3 Pengaruh Kompetensi Guru Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa ......... 127
4.7.4 Pengaruh Iklim Sekolah Terhadap Hasil Prestasi Belajar Siswa ..... 131
4.7.5 Pengaruh Motivasi Belajar Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa ........... 132
BAB V: PENUTUP
5.1 Kesimpulan ................................................................................................ 135
5.2 Saran ........................................................................................................... 136
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
LAMPIRAN
RIWAYAT HIDUP PENULIS
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 1.1 Nilai Rata-rata Ujian Nasional (UN) Ekonomi SMA di Kota
Bandung ........................................................................................... 3
Tabel 1.2 Nilai UKK Ekonomi semester II kelas X Tahun Pelajaran
2010/2011 ........................................................................................ 4
Tabel 2.1Jenis, Indikator, dan Cara Evaluasi Prestasi ..................................... 24
Tabel 2.2Indikator KompetensiGuru ............................................................... 40
Tabel 2.3Indikator Iklim Sekolah .................................................................... 49
Tabel 2.4Penelitian Terdahulu ......................................................................... 56
Tabel 3.1Populasi Kelas X SMA Negeri se-Kota Bandung Tahun Pelajaran
2011/2012 ........................................................................................ 65
Tabel 3.2Kluster SMA Negeri di Kota Bandung ............................................. 68
Tabel 3.3Sampel Siswa Kleas X ...................................................................... 70
Tabel 3.4Operasional Variabel......................................................................... 70
Tabel 4.1Jumlah Item Angket .......................................................................... 94
Tabel 4.2Uji Validitas Instrumen Penelitian .................................................... 94
Tabel 4.3Uji Reliabilitas Instrumen Penelitian ................................................ 96
Tabel 4.4Uji Multikolinearitas ......................................................................... 97
Tabel 4.5Kompetensi Guru .............................................................................. 98
Tabel 4.6Skor Kompetensi Guru...................................................................... 99
Tabel 4.7Rata-rata Jumlah Skor Item Pernyataan ............................................ 99
Tabel 4.8Skor Iklim Sekolah............................................................................ 101
Tabel 4.9Rata-rata Skor Iklim Sekolah ............................................................ 102
Tabel 4.10 Skor Motivasi Belajar Siswa .......................................................... 103
Tabel 4.11Prestasi Belajar Siswa Kelas X pada Mata Pelajaran Ekonomi
Tahun Ajaran 2011/2012 ................................................................. 104
Tabel 4.12 Matriks Korelasi Antarvariabel Eksogen dengan Variabel
Intervening ....................................................................................... 106
Tabel 4.13 Hasil Analisis Jalur Sub Struktur 1 ................................................ 107
Tabel 4.14 Hasil Analisis Regresi Koefisien Kompetensi Guru ...................... 109
Tabel 4.15 R2 Sub Struktur 1 ........................................................................... 110
Tabel 4.16 Hasil Uji F ...................................................................................... 110
x
Tabel 4.17Error VariableSub Struktur 1 ......................................................... 111
Tabel 4.18 Matriks Korelasi Antarvariabel Eksogen dengan Variabel
Endogen ........................................................................................... 112
Tabel 4.19 Hasil Analisis Jalur Sub Struktur 2 ................................................ 113
Tabel 4.20 Hasil Analisis Kompetensi Guru Terhadap Prestasi Belajar ......... 115
Tabel 4.21 Matriks Korelasi Antarvariabel Eksogen dengan Variabel
Endogen ........................................................................................... 116
Tabel 4.22 R2 Sub Struktur 2 ........................................................................... 116
Tabel 4.23 Hasil Uji F ...................................................................................... 117
Tabel 4.24Error Variable Sub Struktur 2 ........................................................ 118
Tabel 4.25 Dekomposisi Pengaruh Antarvariabel ........................................... 120
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Konsep Tingkah Laku Menurut Albert Bandura ......................... 14
Gambar 2.2 Unsur-unsur Pembelajaran ........................................................... 18
Gambar 2.3 Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Proses dan Hasil belajar.................. 19
Gambar 2.4 Motivasi Belajar dalam Kerangka Rekayasa Pedagogis Guru dan
Emansipasi Kemandirian Siswa Sepanjang Hayat ........................ 30
Gambar 2.5 Kerangka Pemikiran ..................................................................... 62
Gambar 3.1 Diagram Analisis Jalur Sub-Struktur 1 ........................................ 81
Gambar 3.2Diagram Analisis Jalur Sub-Struktur 2 ......................................... 82
Gambar 4.1 Jumlah Siswa Berdasarkan Sekolah ............................................. 91
Gambar 4.2 Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin ................. 92
Gambar 4.3 Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Umur ............................... 93
Gambar 4.4 Diagram Analisis Jalur Model Sub-Struktur 1 ............................. 111
Gambar 4.5 Diagram Analisis Jalur Model Sub-Struktur 2 ............................. 118
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