THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ERROR CORRECTION FEEDBACK IN IMPROVING THE WRITING SKILL OF THE SECOND YEAR THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ERROR CORRECTION FEEDBACK IN IMPROVING THE WRITING SKILL OF THE SECOND YEAR STUDENTS OF SLTP NEGERI 1 BAKI SUKOHARJO IN 2005/2006 ACAD
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ERROR CORRECTION FEEDBACK
IN IMPROVING THE WRITING SKILL OF THE SECOND YEAR
STUDENTS OF SLTP NEGERI 1 BAKI
SUKOHARJO IN 2005/2006
ACADEMIC YEAR
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by
EKVAN PRASETYO
A320.020.273
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2007
APPROVAL
THE
EFFECTIVENESS
OF
ERROR
CORRECTION
FEEDBACK
IN IMPROVING THE WRITING SKILL OF THE SECOND YEAR
STUDENTS OF SLTP NEGERI 1 BAKI SUKOHARJO IN 2005/2006
ACADEMIC YEAR
by
Ekvan Prasetyo
A320.020.273
Approved to be Examined by
Consultant I
Consultant II
(Drs. Djoko Srijono, M.Hum.)
(Dra. Rini Fatmawati, M.Pd.)
ii
ACCEPTANCE
THE EFFECTIVENES OF ERROR CORRECTION FEEDBACK
IN IMPROVING THE WRITING SKILL OF THE SECOND YEAR
STUDENTS OF SLTP NEGERI 1 BAKI SUKOHARJO
by
EKVAN PRASETYO
A. 320 020 273
Accepted and Approved by the Board of Examiners
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Team of Examiners:
1. Drs. Djoko Srijono, M.Hum.
(First Examiner)
(
)
2. Dra. Rini Fatmawati, M.Pd.
(Second Examiner)
(
)
3. Dra. Malikatul Laila, M.Hum.
(Guest Examiner)
(
)
Dean,
Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M.Si.
NIK. 547
iii
MOTTO
“by (the token of) time (trough the ages)
verily man is in loose
except those who have faith
and do righteous deeds
and (join together) in the mutual teaching
of truth and of patience and constancy”
(Q.S. Al Ashr: 1-3)
Verily! Allah will not change the good condition of people as long as they do not
change their state of goodness themselves.
(Q.S. Yusuf: 11)
iv
DEDICATION
This research paper is dedicated to:
1. My beloved mother and father,
2. My beloved brothers,
3. My beloved special friend, and
4. All of my friends in Muhammadiyah
University of Surakarta.
v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikum wr. wb.
Alhamdulillahi robbil aalamin. Nothing is possible without permission of
Allah SWT. Praise to be Allah, who gives the writer His blessing and guidance, so
the writer can finish his research paper entitled “The Effectiveness of Error
Correction Feedback in Improving the Writing Skill of the Second Year Students
of SLTP Negeri 1 Baki Sukoharjo in 2005/2006 Academic Year.
The writer realizes that it is impossible to finish the research paper without
other people help. Therefore, the writer would like to express appreciation to
those who have important roles during the writing process of this research paper.
They are:
1. Drs. Djoko Srijono, M.Hum., as his first consultant who has been willing to
guide, correct and encourage the writer in doing this research from the
beginning of this research writing to completion of it,
2. Dra. Rini Fatmawati, M.Pd., as his second consultant for her guidance and
suggestions in doing the research for better result,
3. Drs. H. Sofyan Hanif, M.Si., as the dean of school of teacher training and
education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
4. The Headmaster of SLTP Negeri 1 Baki Sukoharjo and all of the staff who
have given permission to do the research,
5. The English teacher of the second year students of SLTP Negeri 1 Baki
Sukoharjo who has helped the writer to do the research,
6. The second year students of SLTP Negeri 1 Baki Surakarta in 2005/2006
academic year,
7. His beloved parents who have prayed for the writer and have supported him to
finish this research paper,
8.
His beloved brothers who have prayed for the writer and have supported him
to finish this research paper,
vi
9. His beloved special friend who has prayed for the writer to finish the research
paper,
10. His friends in School of Teacher Training and Education of Muhammadiyah
University of Surakarta, and
11. Those whom the writer can not mention one by one.
The writer realizes that this research paper is not perfect yet, therefore he
always hopes suggestion and constructive criticism for the betterment of this
research paper. He also hopes this research paper can give contribution in English
teaching.
vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
page
TITTLE .............................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL ......................................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE ................................................................................................ iii
MOTTO ............................................................................................................ iv
DEDICATION ..................................................................................................
v
ACKNOWLEGEMENT ................................................................................... vi
TABLE OF CONTENT .................................................................................... viii
SUMMARY ......................................................................................................
x
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ....................................................................
1
A. Background of the Study ....................................................
1
B. Limitation of the Study ......................................................
3
C. Problem Statement .............................................................
3
D. Objectives of the Study ......................................................
3
E. Significance of the Study ...................................................
4
F. Research Paper Organization .............................................
5
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ...............................
6
A. Previous Study ...................................................................
6
B. The Notion of Error ............................................................
6
C. Definition of Error Correction Feedback ...........................
9
D. Definition of Writing Skill ................................................. 11
E. Definition of Effectiveness of Error Correction
Feedback on Writing Skill ................................................. 11
F. Conceptual Frame Work .................................................... 13
G. Hypothesis .......................................................................... 14
H. Remedial Teaching ............................................................ 15
1. The Notion of Remedial Teaching .............................. 15
2. The Characteristic of Remedial Teaching ................... 15
viii
3. Target of Remedial Teaching ...................................... 16
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD ........................................................... 17
A. Type of the Research ......................................................... 17
B. Time of the Research ......................................................... 17
C. Subject of the Research ...................................................... 17
D. Object of the Research ....................................................... 17
E. Data .................................................................................... 17
F. Data Source ........................................................................ 18
1. Pre-Test ........................................................................ 18
2. Post-Test ...................................................................... 18
G. Method of Collecting Data ................................................ 18
H. Technique for Analyzing Data ........................................... 20
CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH RESULT AND DISCUSSION............................ 22
A. Giving Pre-test to The Students ......................................... 22
B. Identifying the Sentence Error in the Past Tense ............... 23
C. Correcting the Sentence Error in the Past Tense ............... 24
D. Giving The Pos-test to The Students ................................. 26
E. Hypothesis Testing ............................................................. 26
F. Finding ............................................................................... 30
G. Discussion of the Finding .................................................. 31
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ..................................... 32
A. Conclusion ......................................................................... 32
B. Suggestion .......................................................................... 32
1. To the Students ............................................................ 32
2. To the Teacher ............................................................. 33
3. To the Other Researcher .............................................. 33
BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................. 34
APPENDIXES .................................................................................................. 35
ix
SUMMARY
EKVAN PRASETYO A320.020.273. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ERROR
CORRECTION FEEDBACK IN IMPROVING THE WRITING SKILL OF THE
SECOND YEAR STUDENTS OF SLTP 1 BAKI SUKOHARJO IN 2005/2006
ACADEMIC YEAR. Research paper, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
2006
This study is intended to find out the effectiveness of error correction
feedback in improving the writing skill of the second year students of SLTP
Negeri 1 Baki Sukoharjo in 2005/2006 Academic Year.
The writer uses class action research (CAR) in this study. This research
was done in SLTP Negeri 1 Baki Sukoharjo during March 2006. The writer took
the second year students of SLTP Negeri 1 Baki Sukoharjo class G as the object.
There are 42 students.
The writer uses pre-test and post-test to get the data. The students are
asked to make a good recount text. The data analysis is processed by statistical
computation. The writer uses inferential statistics to prove the hypothesis.
The result of the study shows that the student’s ability in their writing skill
increases. It is shown in the difference of mean scores between the pre-test and the
post-test. The difference of mean scores between the pre-test and post-test is 0,66.
The t value of the computation is 2,785. The t value of table at 0,05 level of
significance for degree of freedom 68 is 1,997. It shows that the t value is larger
than t table. It means the error correction feedback works well. So, it can be
concluded that error correction feedback is effective.
The error correction feedback can work well because after they have got
error correction feedback, they know how to correct their errors.
x
IN IMPROVING THE WRITING SKILL OF THE SECOND YEAR
STUDENTS OF SLTP NEGERI 1 BAKI
SUKOHARJO IN 2005/2006
ACADEMIC YEAR
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by
EKVAN PRASETYO
A320.020.273
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2007
APPROVAL
THE
EFFECTIVENESS
OF
ERROR
CORRECTION
FEEDBACK
IN IMPROVING THE WRITING SKILL OF THE SECOND YEAR
STUDENTS OF SLTP NEGERI 1 BAKI SUKOHARJO IN 2005/2006
ACADEMIC YEAR
by
Ekvan Prasetyo
A320.020.273
Approved to be Examined by
Consultant I
Consultant II
(Drs. Djoko Srijono, M.Hum.)
(Dra. Rini Fatmawati, M.Pd.)
ii
ACCEPTANCE
THE EFFECTIVENES OF ERROR CORRECTION FEEDBACK
IN IMPROVING THE WRITING SKILL OF THE SECOND YEAR
STUDENTS OF SLTP NEGERI 1 BAKI SUKOHARJO
by
EKVAN PRASETYO
A. 320 020 273
Accepted and Approved by the Board of Examiners
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Team of Examiners:
1. Drs. Djoko Srijono, M.Hum.
(First Examiner)
(
)
2. Dra. Rini Fatmawati, M.Pd.
(Second Examiner)
(
)
3. Dra. Malikatul Laila, M.Hum.
(Guest Examiner)
(
)
Dean,
Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M.Si.
NIK. 547
iii
MOTTO
“by (the token of) time (trough the ages)
verily man is in loose
except those who have faith
and do righteous deeds
and (join together) in the mutual teaching
of truth and of patience and constancy”
(Q.S. Al Ashr: 1-3)
Verily! Allah will not change the good condition of people as long as they do not
change their state of goodness themselves.
(Q.S. Yusuf: 11)
iv
DEDICATION
This research paper is dedicated to:
1. My beloved mother and father,
2. My beloved brothers,
3. My beloved special friend, and
4. All of my friends in Muhammadiyah
University of Surakarta.
v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikum wr. wb.
Alhamdulillahi robbil aalamin. Nothing is possible without permission of
Allah SWT. Praise to be Allah, who gives the writer His blessing and guidance, so
the writer can finish his research paper entitled “The Effectiveness of Error
Correction Feedback in Improving the Writing Skill of the Second Year Students
of SLTP Negeri 1 Baki Sukoharjo in 2005/2006 Academic Year.
The writer realizes that it is impossible to finish the research paper without
other people help. Therefore, the writer would like to express appreciation to
those who have important roles during the writing process of this research paper.
They are:
1. Drs. Djoko Srijono, M.Hum., as his first consultant who has been willing to
guide, correct and encourage the writer in doing this research from the
beginning of this research writing to completion of it,
2. Dra. Rini Fatmawati, M.Pd., as his second consultant for her guidance and
suggestions in doing the research for better result,
3. Drs. H. Sofyan Hanif, M.Si., as the dean of school of teacher training and
education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
4. The Headmaster of SLTP Negeri 1 Baki Sukoharjo and all of the staff who
have given permission to do the research,
5. The English teacher of the second year students of SLTP Negeri 1 Baki
Sukoharjo who has helped the writer to do the research,
6. The second year students of SLTP Negeri 1 Baki Surakarta in 2005/2006
academic year,
7. His beloved parents who have prayed for the writer and have supported him to
finish this research paper,
8.
His beloved brothers who have prayed for the writer and have supported him
to finish this research paper,
vi
9. His beloved special friend who has prayed for the writer to finish the research
paper,
10. His friends in School of Teacher Training and Education of Muhammadiyah
University of Surakarta, and
11. Those whom the writer can not mention one by one.
The writer realizes that this research paper is not perfect yet, therefore he
always hopes suggestion and constructive criticism for the betterment of this
research paper. He also hopes this research paper can give contribution in English
teaching.
vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
page
TITTLE .............................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL ......................................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE ................................................................................................ iii
MOTTO ............................................................................................................ iv
DEDICATION ..................................................................................................
v
ACKNOWLEGEMENT ................................................................................... vi
TABLE OF CONTENT .................................................................................... viii
SUMMARY ......................................................................................................
x
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ....................................................................
1
A. Background of the Study ....................................................
1
B. Limitation of the Study ......................................................
3
C. Problem Statement .............................................................
3
D. Objectives of the Study ......................................................
3
E. Significance of the Study ...................................................
4
F. Research Paper Organization .............................................
5
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ...............................
6
A. Previous Study ...................................................................
6
B. The Notion of Error ............................................................
6
C. Definition of Error Correction Feedback ...........................
9
D. Definition of Writing Skill ................................................. 11
E. Definition of Effectiveness of Error Correction
Feedback on Writing Skill ................................................. 11
F. Conceptual Frame Work .................................................... 13
G. Hypothesis .......................................................................... 14
H. Remedial Teaching ............................................................ 15
1. The Notion of Remedial Teaching .............................. 15
2. The Characteristic of Remedial Teaching ................... 15
viii
3. Target of Remedial Teaching ...................................... 16
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD ........................................................... 17
A. Type of the Research ......................................................... 17
B. Time of the Research ......................................................... 17
C. Subject of the Research ...................................................... 17
D. Object of the Research ....................................................... 17
E. Data .................................................................................... 17
F. Data Source ........................................................................ 18
1. Pre-Test ........................................................................ 18
2. Post-Test ...................................................................... 18
G. Method of Collecting Data ................................................ 18
H. Technique for Analyzing Data ........................................... 20
CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH RESULT AND DISCUSSION............................ 22
A. Giving Pre-test to The Students ......................................... 22
B. Identifying the Sentence Error in the Past Tense ............... 23
C. Correcting the Sentence Error in the Past Tense ............... 24
D. Giving The Pos-test to The Students ................................. 26
E. Hypothesis Testing ............................................................. 26
F. Finding ............................................................................... 30
G. Discussion of the Finding .................................................. 31
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ..................................... 32
A. Conclusion ......................................................................... 32
B. Suggestion .......................................................................... 32
1. To the Students ............................................................ 32
2. To the Teacher ............................................................. 33
3. To the Other Researcher .............................................. 33
BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................. 34
APPENDIXES .................................................................................................. 35
ix
SUMMARY
EKVAN PRASETYO A320.020.273. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ERROR
CORRECTION FEEDBACK IN IMPROVING THE WRITING SKILL OF THE
SECOND YEAR STUDENTS OF SLTP 1 BAKI SUKOHARJO IN 2005/2006
ACADEMIC YEAR. Research paper, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
2006
This study is intended to find out the effectiveness of error correction
feedback in improving the writing skill of the second year students of SLTP
Negeri 1 Baki Sukoharjo in 2005/2006 Academic Year.
The writer uses class action research (CAR) in this study. This research
was done in SLTP Negeri 1 Baki Sukoharjo during March 2006. The writer took
the second year students of SLTP Negeri 1 Baki Sukoharjo class G as the object.
There are 42 students.
The writer uses pre-test and post-test to get the data. The students are
asked to make a good recount text. The data analysis is processed by statistical
computation. The writer uses inferential statistics to prove the hypothesis.
The result of the study shows that the student’s ability in their writing skill
increases. It is shown in the difference of mean scores between the pre-test and the
post-test. The difference of mean scores between the pre-test and post-test is 0,66.
The t value of the computation is 2,785. The t value of table at 0,05 level of
significance for degree of freedom 68 is 1,997. It shows that the t value is larger
than t table. It means the error correction feedback works well. So, it can be
concluded that error correction feedback is effective.
The error correction feedback can work well because after they have got
error correction feedback, they know how to correct their errors.
x