ERROR ANALYSIS IN WRITING COMPOSITION RECOUNT TEXT MADE BY FRESHMEN OF ENGLISH DEPARTMENT UMS IN 2015/2016 Error Analysis In Writing Composition Recount Text Made By Freshmen Of English Department Ums In 2015/2016 Academic Year.
ERROR ANALYSIS IN WRITING COMPOSITION RECOUNT TEXT
MADE BY FRESHMEN OF ENGLISH DEPARTMENT UMS IN 2015/2016
ACADEMIC YEAR
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Getting Bachelor
Degree of Education in English Department
By
ANIS NUR PRATIWI
A 320 120 022
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2016
MOTTO
TAKE A DECISION IS EASY, SURVIVE IS CHALLENGE
(ANP)
ENJOY ON YOUR BEAUTY OF LIFE, BUT DON’T EXCESSIVE THE BEAUTY
OF LIFE
(ANP)
NEVER EVER BLAME OTHER PEOPLE, BUT BLAME YOURSELF TO
CORRECT YOUR MISTAKES
(Prof. Dr. Endang Fauziati, M.Hum)
v
DEDICATION
With grateful and love this research is dedicated to :
My beloved father and my mother “Sutanto”, “Sukini”
My beloved brother “Giri Suratno, Refangga N.P , Aditya N.R
All of my families
All of my friends and lecturers
All of the readers
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’allaikum Wr. Wb
Alhamdulillahirobil’alamin. The researcher praise to Alloh SWT for the blessing
to completing this research paper. Shalawat and greet always poured down to our
prophet Muhammad SAW as the best leader in the world and the hereafter leader for
us. Besides that, the researcher got help and support from many individuals. They are
support me everytime and kindness will always be reflected in this research paper.
The researcher wishes to express her gratitude to those who helped her to complete
this research paper.
1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno M. Hum, Dean of School of Teacher Training
and Education.
2. Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
3. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D as Head of English Education Department.
4. Prof. Dr. Endang Fauziati, M. Hum, the first consultant for her patience in
providing continuous guidance, advice, suggestion, and correction till the end
of this research paper.
5. Mr. Azhari and Mrs. Siti Fatimah helped her to get the data as complete the
research paper.
6.
All lecturers of English Department who have given their knowledge and
experiences.
7. My parents ( Bp. Sutanto, Ibu Sukini ) who taught me and advices me all of
the time, hopeful patronage of Allah SWT).
8. My Brother ( hopeful patronage of Allah SWT).
9. Giri Suratno, S.Pd who care and support me as long as follow in all of
footstep.
vii
10. Septiani, S.Pd who is support me and remember me to keep spirit, I hope you
too.
11. All of my friends in association of students (IPM) thanks for the deepest
experience and support me.
12. All of my friends class A to appreciate our solidarity.
She realizes this research paper as far as from being perfect because of less
competence or capability of the researcher. Thus, suggestions and criticism are hoped
for the better result of the work and becomes perfect one. She wishes this research
paper can useful to all readers.
Wassalamualaikum Wr. Wb.
viii
ABSTRAK
ANIS NUR PRATIWI. A 320 120022. ERROR ANALYSIS IN WRITING
COMPOSITION RECOUNT TEXT MADE BY FRESHMEN OF ENGLISH
DEPARTMENT UMS IN 2015/2016 ACADEMIC YEAR
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan tipe kesalahan, frekuensi kesalahan,
kesalahan yang dominan, dan sumber kesalahan yang dibuat oleh mahasiswa baru
jurusan pendidikan Bahasa Inggris UMS tahun ajaran 2015/2016. Penelitian ini
merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Data penelitian ini adalah kesalahan dalam karangan
teks recount yang dibuat oleh mahasiswa baru. Langkah-langkah untuk menganalisis
data yaitu mengidentifikasi, mengklasifikasi, mendiskripsikan frekuensi, frekuensi
yang paling tinggi, dan mendeskripsikan sumber kesalahan yang terjadi. Hasil dari
penelitian ini menemukan kesalahan ditipe morfologi, syntax, dan wacana yang
dikombinasikan dengan surface strategi. Frekuensi disetiap tipe yaitu morfologi
17,34%, syntax 79,83%, dan wacana 12,5%. Frekuensi yang yang paling dominan
adalah tipe syntax, hal ini berarti mahasiswa baru lemah dalam pola dasar kalimat.
Sumber kesalahan disebabkan karena interlingual atau bahasa ibu dan intralingual
yang menyamakan aturan kaidah dalam bahasa target.
Kata kunci: analisis kesalahan, mahasiswa baru, linguistic category, yang sering
terjadi
ix
SUMMARY
ANIS NUR PRATIWI. A 320 120022. ERROR ANALYSIS IN WRITING
COMPOSITION RECOUNT TEXT MADE BY FRESHMEN OF ENGLISH
DEPARTMENT UMS IN 2015/2016 ACADEMIC YEAR
The objectives of the study are to describe the types of error, the frequency type of
error, dominant type of error and the sources of error made by freshmen of English
Department UMS in 2015/2016 academic year. This study is qualitative research.
The data are taken from all interlanguage errors which are made by the freshmen’s
writing composition recount text document. The technique for analyzing data are
identifiying error, classifying of error, the describing of frequency, dominant of error,
and the describing of sources of error. The results of this study has found the types of
error in morphological, syntatical, and discourse combine in surface strategy. The
frequency of each’ types are morphological 17,34%, syntatical 79,83%, and
discourse 12,5%. The most dominant types of error is syntatical type, its mean the
freshmen lack knowledge in basic sentence pattern. These sources found interlingual
transfer caused by interference of the learner’s mother tongue and Intra lingual
transfer is the negative transfer of item within the target language.
Keyword: error analysis, freshmen, lingustic category, dominant
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
page
COVER
................................................................................................................. i
APPROVAL .............................................................................................................ii
ACCEPTANCE ........................................................................................................iii
TESTIMONY ...........................................................................................................iv
MOTTO ................................................................................................................. v
DEDICATION .......................................................................................................... vi
ANCKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................... vii
SUMMARY ..............................................................................................................vii
TABLE OF CONTEN ............................................................................................. xi
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION .......................................................................... 1
A. Background of the Study ............................................................ 1
B. Scope ot the Study ...................................................................... 4
C. Research Question ...................................................................... 4
D. Objective of the Study ................................................................ 4
E. Significant of the Study .............................................................. 5
F. Research Paper Organization ..................................................... 6
CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ................................. 7
A. Underlying Theory .................................................................... 7
1. An Error Analysis ................................................................ 7
a. Notion of Error Analysis ............................................... 7
b. Significance of Error ..................................................... 9
c. Alghoritm ...................................................................... 11
d. Error and Mistakes ........................................................ 11
e. Classification of Error ................................................... 13
2. Linguistic Category ............................................................ 13
a. Phonology...................................................................... 14
b. Morphology ................................................................... 15
xi
c. Syntax ............................................................................ 17
d. Discourse ....................................................................... 19
3.
Surface Strategy Taxonomy ............................................... 21
a. Omission........................................................................ 22
b. Addition ......................................................................... 22
c. Misformation ................................................................. 22
d. Misordering ................................................................... 23
4. Comparative Taxonomy ...................................................... 23
5. Communicative Effective .................................................... 24
6. Sources of Error................................................................... 24
7. English Text ........................................................................ 26
a. Notion of Text ............................................................... 27
b. Type of Text .................................................................. 27
c. Recount Text ................................................................. 29
B. Previous Study.......................................................................... 31
CHAPTER III : RESEARCH METHOD ............................................................. 40
A. Type of Research ..................................................................... 40
B. Object of Study........................................................................ 41
C. Subject of Study ...................................................................... 41
D. Data and Source of Data .......................................................... 41
E. Method of Collecting Data ...................................................... 41
F. Data Validity ........................................................................... 42
G. Technique for Analyzing Data ................................................ 42
CHAPTER IV : RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION ........................... 44
A. Research Finding ..................................................................... 44
1. Types of Morphological Error .......................................... 44
a. Bound Morpheme (-s/-es) as Plural Marker ................ 45
b. Wrong Spelling............................................................ 45
2. Types of Syntatical Error .................................................. 46
a. Article .......................................................................... 47
b. Pronoun ....................................................................... 48
xii
c. Omission suffix (–ed) in Regular Past Tense .............. 50
d. Misselection of Verb I for Past Event ......................... 50
e. Misselection of Verb -ing for Past Event .................... 51
f. BE as Full Verb ........................................................... 52
g. Misselection of Verb for Past Event............................ 54
h. Conjuction ................................................................... 54
i. Preposition ................................................................... 55
j. Misformation to- as Infinitive ..................................... 57
k. Misformation of Modals for Past Tense ...................... 57
3. Types of discourse error .................................................... 58
a. Substitution of Verb .................................................... 58
b. Substitution of Clause ................................................. 59
c. Reference ..................................................................... 60
d. Conjuction ................................................................... 61
4. The Frequency of Each Error ............................................ 62
5. The Dominant of Error ...................................................... 65
6. Sources of Error................................................................. 65
B. Discussion ............................................................................... 67
CHAPTER V : CONCLUSION, PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATION, AND
SUGGESTION ............................................................................. 76
A. Conclusion ................................................................................ 76
B. Pedagogical Implication ........................................................... 78
C. Suggestion ................................................................................ 80
a. For the English Lecturers ................................................... 80
b. For the other Researcher..................................................... 81
BIBLIOGRAPHY
VIRTUAL REFERENCE
APPENDIX
xiii
MADE BY FRESHMEN OF ENGLISH DEPARTMENT UMS IN 2015/2016
ACADEMIC YEAR
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Getting Bachelor
Degree of Education in English Department
By
ANIS NUR PRATIWI
A 320 120 022
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2016
MOTTO
TAKE A DECISION IS EASY, SURVIVE IS CHALLENGE
(ANP)
ENJOY ON YOUR BEAUTY OF LIFE, BUT DON’T EXCESSIVE THE BEAUTY
OF LIFE
(ANP)
NEVER EVER BLAME OTHER PEOPLE, BUT BLAME YOURSELF TO
CORRECT YOUR MISTAKES
(Prof. Dr. Endang Fauziati, M.Hum)
v
DEDICATION
With grateful and love this research is dedicated to :
My beloved father and my mother “Sutanto”, “Sukini”
My beloved brother “Giri Suratno, Refangga N.P , Aditya N.R
All of my families
All of my friends and lecturers
All of the readers
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’allaikum Wr. Wb
Alhamdulillahirobil’alamin. The researcher praise to Alloh SWT for the blessing
to completing this research paper. Shalawat and greet always poured down to our
prophet Muhammad SAW as the best leader in the world and the hereafter leader for
us. Besides that, the researcher got help and support from many individuals. They are
support me everytime and kindness will always be reflected in this research paper.
The researcher wishes to express her gratitude to those who helped her to complete
this research paper.
1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno M. Hum, Dean of School of Teacher Training
and Education.
2. Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
3. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D as Head of English Education Department.
4. Prof. Dr. Endang Fauziati, M. Hum, the first consultant for her patience in
providing continuous guidance, advice, suggestion, and correction till the end
of this research paper.
5. Mr. Azhari and Mrs. Siti Fatimah helped her to get the data as complete the
research paper.
6.
All lecturers of English Department who have given their knowledge and
experiences.
7. My parents ( Bp. Sutanto, Ibu Sukini ) who taught me and advices me all of
the time, hopeful patronage of Allah SWT).
8. My Brother ( hopeful patronage of Allah SWT).
9. Giri Suratno, S.Pd who care and support me as long as follow in all of
footstep.
vii
10. Septiani, S.Pd who is support me and remember me to keep spirit, I hope you
too.
11. All of my friends in association of students (IPM) thanks for the deepest
experience and support me.
12. All of my friends class A to appreciate our solidarity.
She realizes this research paper as far as from being perfect because of less
competence or capability of the researcher. Thus, suggestions and criticism are hoped
for the better result of the work and becomes perfect one. She wishes this research
paper can useful to all readers.
Wassalamualaikum Wr. Wb.
viii
ABSTRAK
ANIS NUR PRATIWI. A 320 120022. ERROR ANALYSIS IN WRITING
COMPOSITION RECOUNT TEXT MADE BY FRESHMEN OF ENGLISH
DEPARTMENT UMS IN 2015/2016 ACADEMIC YEAR
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan tipe kesalahan, frekuensi kesalahan,
kesalahan yang dominan, dan sumber kesalahan yang dibuat oleh mahasiswa baru
jurusan pendidikan Bahasa Inggris UMS tahun ajaran 2015/2016. Penelitian ini
merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Data penelitian ini adalah kesalahan dalam karangan
teks recount yang dibuat oleh mahasiswa baru. Langkah-langkah untuk menganalisis
data yaitu mengidentifikasi, mengklasifikasi, mendiskripsikan frekuensi, frekuensi
yang paling tinggi, dan mendeskripsikan sumber kesalahan yang terjadi. Hasil dari
penelitian ini menemukan kesalahan ditipe morfologi, syntax, dan wacana yang
dikombinasikan dengan surface strategi. Frekuensi disetiap tipe yaitu morfologi
17,34%, syntax 79,83%, dan wacana 12,5%. Frekuensi yang yang paling dominan
adalah tipe syntax, hal ini berarti mahasiswa baru lemah dalam pola dasar kalimat.
Sumber kesalahan disebabkan karena interlingual atau bahasa ibu dan intralingual
yang menyamakan aturan kaidah dalam bahasa target.
Kata kunci: analisis kesalahan, mahasiswa baru, linguistic category, yang sering
terjadi
ix
SUMMARY
ANIS NUR PRATIWI. A 320 120022. ERROR ANALYSIS IN WRITING
COMPOSITION RECOUNT TEXT MADE BY FRESHMEN OF ENGLISH
DEPARTMENT UMS IN 2015/2016 ACADEMIC YEAR
The objectives of the study are to describe the types of error, the frequency type of
error, dominant type of error and the sources of error made by freshmen of English
Department UMS in 2015/2016 academic year. This study is qualitative research.
The data are taken from all interlanguage errors which are made by the freshmen’s
writing composition recount text document. The technique for analyzing data are
identifiying error, classifying of error, the describing of frequency, dominant of error,
and the describing of sources of error. The results of this study has found the types of
error in morphological, syntatical, and discourse combine in surface strategy. The
frequency of each’ types are morphological 17,34%, syntatical 79,83%, and
discourse 12,5%. The most dominant types of error is syntatical type, its mean the
freshmen lack knowledge in basic sentence pattern. These sources found interlingual
transfer caused by interference of the learner’s mother tongue and Intra lingual
transfer is the negative transfer of item within the target language.
Keyword: error analysis, freshmen, lingustic category, dominant
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
page
COVER
................................................................................................................. i
APPROVAL .............................................................................................................ii
ACCEPTANCE ........................................................................................................iii
TESTIMONY ...........................................................................................................iv
MOTTO ................................................................................................................. v
DEDICATION .......................................................................................................... vi
ANCKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................... vii
SUMMARY ..............................................................................................................vii
TABLE OF CONTEN ............................................................................................. xi
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION .......................................................................... 1
A. Background of the Study ............................................................ 1
B. Scope ot the Study ...................................................................... 4
C. Research Question ...................................................................... 4
D. Objective of the Study ................................................................ 4
E. Significant of the Study .............................................................. 5
F. Research Paper Organization ..................................................... 6
CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ................................. 7
A. Underlying Theory .................................................................... 7
1. An Error Analysis ................................................................ 7
a. Notion of Error Analysis ............................................... 7
b. Significance of Error ..................................................... 9
c. Alghoritm ...................................................................... 11
d. Error and Mistakes ........................................................ 11
e. Classification of Error ................................................... 13
2. Linguistic Category ............................................................ 13
a. Phonology...................................................................... 14
b. Morphology ................................................................... 15
xi
c. Syntax ............................................................................ 17
d. Discourse ....................................................................... 19
3.
Surface Strategy Taxonomy ............................................... 21
a. Omission........................................................................ 22
b. Addition ......................................................................... 22
c. Misformation ................................................................. 22
d. Misordering ................................................................... 23
4. Comparative Taxonomy ...................................................... 23
5. Communicative Effective .................................................... 24
6. Sources of Error................................................................... 24
7. English Text ........................................................................ 26
a. Notion of Text ............................................................... 27
b. Type of Text .................................................................. 27
c. Recount Text ................................................................. 29
B. Previous Study.......................................................................... 31
CHAPTER III : RESEARCH METHOD ............................................................. 40
A. Type of Research ..................................................................... 40
B. Object of Study........................................................................ 41
C. Subject of Study ...................................................................... 41
D. Data and Source of Data .......................................................... 41
E. Method of Collecting Data ...................................................... 41
F. Data Validity ........................................................................... 42
G. Technique for Analyzing Data ................................................ 42
CHAPTER IV : RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION ........................... 44
A. Research Finding ..................................................................... 44
1. Types of Morphological Error .......................................... 44
a. Bound Morpheme (-s/-es) as Plural Marker ................ 45
b. Wrong Spelling............................................................ 45
2. Types of Syntatical Error .................................................. 46
a. Article .......................................................................... 47
b. Pronoun ....................................................................... 48
xii
c. Omission suffix (–ed) in Regular Past Tense .............. 50
d. Misselection of Verb I for Past Event ......................... 50
e. Misselection of Verb -ing for Past Event .................... 51
f. BE as Full Verb ........................................................... 52
g. Misselection of Verb for Past Event............................ 54
h. Conjuction ................................................................... 54
i. Preposition ................................................................... 55
j. Misformation to- as Infinitive ..................................... 57
k. Misformation of Modals for Past Tense ...................... 57
3. Types of discourse error .................................................... 58
a. Substitution of Verb .................................................... 58
b. Substitution of Clause ................................................. 59
c. Reference ..................................................................... 60
d. Conjuction ................................................................... 61
4. The Frequency of Each Error ............................................ 62
5. The Dominant of Error ...................................................... 65
6. Sources of Error................................................................. 65
B. Discussion ............................................................................... 67
CHAPTER V : CONCLUSION, PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATION, AND
SUGGESTION ............................................................................. 76
A. Conclusion ................................................................................ 76
B. Pedagogical Implication ........................................................... 78
C. Suggestion ................................................................................ 80
a. For the English Lecturers ................................................... 80
b. For the other Researcher..................................................... 81
BIBLIOGRAPHY
VIRTUAL REFERENCE
APPENDIX
xiii