AN ERROR ANALYSIS IN WRITING RECOUNT TEXT MADE BY STUDENTS OF 8TH GRADE IN SMP N 1 GATAK An Error Analysis In Writing Recount Text Made By Students Of 8th Grade In SMP N 1 Gatak 2015/2016 Academic Year.
AN ERROR ANALYSIS IN WRITING RECOUNT TEXT MADE
BY STUDENTS OF 8TH GRADE IN SMP N 1 GATAK
2015/2016 ACADEMIC YEAR
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by:
EGA NOVIA SARI
A320120066
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2016
MOTTO
“Inna ma‟a al‟usri yusraan”
“Indeed with hardship (wil be) ease”
(QS. Al Insyirah : 6)
“The difference between ordinary and extraordinary is that little extra”
(Jimmy Johnson)
“The purpose of life is a life of purpose”
(Robert Byrne)
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is dedicated to:
My beloved parents Sutoyo and Purwanti,
My older sister Suharti Marlitasari,
My younger brother Aziz Pungky Arista
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh.
Alkhamdulillahirobbil‟alamin. First of all, the writer wants to say thanks to
Allah SWT for the mercies and blessing given to the writer. So that, she finally
completes her research paper entitled AN ERROR ANALYSIS IN WRITING
RECOUNT TEXT MADE BY STUDENTS OF 8TH GRADE IN SMP N 1 GATAK
2015/2016 ACADEMIC YEAR. In the process of finishing this research paper, the
writer got some helps from many people when she faced some problems and
obstacles. In this occasion, the writer would like to express her deepest gratitude for
the guidance, supports, and also constructive criticism to the following people:
1.
Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M.Hum., Dean of School of Teacher Training
and Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
2.
Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D., Head of English Departement Muhammadiyah
University of Surakarta.
3.
Prof. Dr. Endang Fauziati, M.Hum., the first consultant who has patiently guided
the writer in the process of finishing this research paper, and also for her advices
and best suggestions.
4.
Nur Hidayat, M.Pd., the second consultant who has patiently for correcting and
encouraging her from the beginning until finishing this research paper.
5.
Dra. Dwi Haryanti, M.Hum., as the academic consultant for her guidance and
her help as long as the writer studied in Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
6.
All lecturers of English Department who had given their knowledge and advices
for the writer.
7.
Her adorable parents Sutoyo and Purwanti for their pray, love, advice, and
support that motivate the writer to finish this research paper.
8.
Her beloved older sister Suharti Marlitasari and her younger brother Aziz
Pungky Arista for their spirit and pray.
9.
Her little nephew Azka Gavriel Ramaditya who makes the writer happy when
she got stress and tired.
vii
10. Her dearest one who always gives pray, motivation, and spirit for the writer
during the process of finishing this research paper. Thank you, dear!
11. Her amazing friends Sagitha Litany Demastuti, Sri Liyaningsih, Intan Dwi
Gabetta Siahaan, Mufti Istiqomah, and Kholeeyoh Mali who always support,
help, motivate, and pray for each other. Thanks a lot for every moment that we
had been created, Glimmers!
12. Her new family at Kost Bu Cipto, especially Suyamto and Sumiati as her second
parents in Solo, and her friends Maulida, Ratri, Munawaroh, Umy, Wahyu,
Dyah, Irma, and Lupita who always make the writer happy when she got far
away from her family. Keep being family, guys!
13. Her lovely friends Beti Eka Aprilia, Syarofania Nuranti, Ihdania Aryanti, Aulia
Trisna Ningsih, Wuri Mulyandari, Elok Niswatul Fauziyah, and Dwi Kurniawati
Pujiana who always give support and pray for the writer. Thank you so much for
our togetherness, girls!
14. All of students and teachers in SMP N 1 Gatak who help the writer to finish this
research paper. Thank you so much for your help and participation!
15. All of her friends in English Department 2012. Nice to meet you all, friends!
All who cannot mention one by one who had help, pray, and support the
writer during the process until finishing this research paper. Thank you for all!
The writer realized that this research paper is still far away from perfectness. So
that, the writer needs constructive criticism and suggestion for making this
research paper be better than before. The writer hopes that this research paper
can be useful and give contribution to the other researchers.
Wassalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh
Surakarta, 30 April 2016
The researcher
Ega Novia Sari
A320120066
viii
LIST OF TABLE
2.1. Differences between previous study and the current ..................................... 10
4.1. Frequency of Error ......................................................................................... 50
4.2. Similarities between the previous finding and the current ............................. 58
4.3. Differences between the previous finding and the current............................. 60
ix
LIST OF APPENDIXES
APPENDIX 1. Real Composition
APPENDIX 2. The Types of Error
APPENDIX 3. Table of Errors made by Students
x
SUMMARY
Sari, Ega Novia. A320120066. AN ERROR ANALYSIS IN WRITING
RECOUNT TEXT MADE BY STUDENTS OF 8TH GRADE IN SMP N 1
GATAK 2015/2016 ACADEMIC YEAR. Research paper. Muhammadiyah
University of Surakarta. 2016.
The aims of this research are: (1) to identify the types of errors in writing recount
text made by students of 8th grade in SMP N 1 Gatak 2015/2016 academic year, (2)
to identify the types of morphological errors, syntactical errors, and discourse errors,
and also count the frequency of each types of errors, (3) to describe the sources of
errors. The type of this research is descriptive qualitative research. In collecting data,
the researcher uses elicitation technique. There are three steps to collect the data,
namely: (1) firstly, the researcher entered the classroom and asks the students to
write their own recount text, (2) secondly, the researcher collected the students‟
works, then reads and analyzes the data by marking the types of errors which occur
in the students‟ writing, (3) lastly, the researcher documented the data of error then
classifies them based on linguistic category and surface strategy. In analyzing the
data, the researcher uses the theory of James for classifying the errors, and uses
Brown‟s theory for sources of the errors.
The result of this research shows that in morphological error, there are 67 errors or
33.17% of errors which is classified into three errors, namely: false friend (23 errors
or 11.39% of errors), wrong spelling (36 errors or 17.82% of errors), and code
mixing (8 errors or 3.96% of errors). Then in syntactical error, the researcher found
132 errors or 65.35% of errors, consist of omission of be as predicate (7 errors or
3.47% of errors), addition of be as predicate (5 errors or 2.48% of errors), misuse of
be as predicate (18 errors or 8.91% of errors), omission of preposition (8 errors or
3.96% of errors), addition of preposition (10 errors or 4.95% of errors), omission of
article (5 errors or 2.48% of errors), addition of article (4 errors or 1.98% of errors),
omission of subject pronoun (5 errors or 2.48% of errors), omission of –s/-es in
plural marker (13 errors or 6.44% of errors), omission of „s in possessive pronoun (4
errors or 1.98% of errors),omission of verb (4 errors or 1.98% of errors), addition of
verb (5 errors or 2.48% of errors), misuse of verb (30 errors or 14,85% of errors),
omission of possessive adjective (7 errors or 3.47% of errors), and misordering of
noun phrase (7 errors or 3.47% of errors). Lastly, in discourse errors, the researcher
found 3 errors or 1.49% of errors in general structure. Those errors are divided into
two sources, namely interlingual transfer and intralingual transfer.
Key words: error analysis, recount text, sources of errors, linguistic category,
surface strategy
xi
RINGKASAN
Sari, Ega Novia. A320120066. ANALISIS KESALAHAN DALAM MENULIS
TEKS RECOUNT OLEH SISWA KELAS 8 DI SMP N 1 GATAK TAHUN
AJARAN 2015/2016. Skripsi. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. 2016.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis error dalam
menulis teks recount yang dibuat oleh siswa kelas 8 di SMP N 1 Gatak tahun ajaran
2015/2016, (2) mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis error morfologi, error sintaksis, dan error
discourse, serta menghitung frekwensi masing-masing jenis error, (3)
mendeskripsikan sumber-sumber error. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian
deskriptif kualitatif. Dalam mengumpulkan data, peneliti menggunakan tekhnik
elisitasi. Ada tiga langkah untuk mengumpulkan data, yaitu: (1) pertama, peneliti
masuk kelas dan meminta siswa untuk menulis teks recount mereka, (2) kedua,
peneliti mengumpulkan pekerjaan siswa, kemudian membaca dan menganalisis data
dengan menandai jenis-jenis error yang terdapat pada pekerjaan siswa, (3) terakhir,
peneliti mendokumentasikan data kemudian mengklasifikasikan berdsarkan
linguistic category dan surface strategy. Dalam menganalisis data, peneliti
menggunakan teori dari James untuk mengklasifikasikan error, dan menggunakan
teori dari Brown untuk sumber-sumber error.
Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pada error morfologi, terdapat 67 error
atau 33.17% error yang diklasifikasikan kedalam tiga error, yaitu: false friend (23
error atau 11.39% error), wrong spelling (36 error atau 17.82% error), dan code
mixing (8 error atau 3.96% error). Kemudian pada error sintaksis, peneliti
menemukan 132 error atau 65.35% error, terdiri dari omission of be as predicate (7
error atau 3.47% error), addition of be as predicate (5 error atau 2.48% error),
misuse of be as predicate (18 error atau 8.91% error), omission of preposition (8
error atau 3.96% error), addition of preposition (10 error atau 4.95% error), omission
of article (5 error atau 2.48% error), addition of article (4 error atau 1.98% error),
omission of subject pronoun (5 error atau 2.48% error), omission of –s/-es in plural
marker (13 error atau 6.44% error), omission of „s in possessive pronoun (4 error
atau1.98% error),omission of verb (4 error atau 1.98% error), addition of verb (5
error atau 2.48% error), misuse of verb (30 error atau 14,85% error), omission of
possessive adjective (7 error atau 3.47% error), dan misordering of noun phrase (7
error atau 3.47% error). Terakhir, dalam error discourse, peneliti menemukan 3 error
atau 1.49% error pada general structure. Error tersebut dibagi menjadi dua sumber,
yaitu interlingual transfer dan intralingual transfer.
Kata kunci: analisis kesalahan, teks recount, sumber-sumber kesalahan,
linguistic category, surface strategy
xii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER
............................................................................................................ i
PRONOUNCEMENT ....................................................................................... ii
APPROVAL ....................................................................................................... iii
ACCEPTANCE .................................................................................................. iv
MOTTO ............................................................................................................ v
DEDICATION .................................................................................................. vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................. vii
LIST OF TABLE ................................................................................................ ix
LIST OF APPENDIX ........................................................................................ x
SUMMARY
.................................................................................................. xi
RINGKASAN
.................................................................................................. xii
TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................... xiii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ...................................................................... 1
A. Background of Study ....................................................................................... 1
B. Limitation of the Study .................................................................................... 3
C. Problem Statements ......................................................................................... 4
D. Objective of the Study ..................................................................................... 4
E. Significance of the Study ................................................................................. 4
F. Research Paper Organization ........................................................................... 5
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ........................... 6
A. Previous Study ................................................................................................ 6
B. Theoretical Review........................................................................................... 11
1. Error Analysis ............................................................................................. 12
a. Notion of Error analysis .......................................................................... 12
b. Pedagogical Purpose of Error Analysis .................................................. 13
c. The Classification of Error...................................................................... 13
d. The Error Identification .......................................................................... 19
e. Sources of Error ..................................................................................... 19
2. English Text .............................................................................................. 21
a. Notion of English Text ........................................................................... 21
xiii
b. Type of English Text ........................................................................... 21
c. Recount Text ........................................................................................... 25
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ........................................... 27
A. Type of Study .................................................................................................. 27
B. Object of the Study .......................................................................................... 27
C. Data and Data Source ...................................................................................... 28
D. Technique of Collecting Data .......................................................................... 28
E. Data Validity .................................................................................................... 28
F. Technique of Analyzing Data .......................................................................... 29
CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION ....................... 30
A. Research Finding ............................................................................................. 30
1. Types of Morphological Error ..................................................................... 30
2. Types of Syntactical Error ........................................................................... 34
3. Types of Discourse Error ............................................................................. 47
4. The Frequency of Errors .............................................................................. 48
5. Sources of Errors ......................................................................................... 51
B. Discussion ....................................................................................................... 54
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION, PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATION AND
SUGGESTION .................................................................................................. 62
A. Conclusion ....................................................................................................... 62
B. Pedagogical Implication ................................................................................... 62
C. Suggestion ....................................................................................................... 64
BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................... 65
APPENDIXES .................................................................................................. 67
1. Real Composition
2. The Types of Error
3. Table of Errors made by Students
xiv
BY STUDENTS OF 8TH GRADE IN SMP N 1 GATAK
2015/2016 ACADEMIC YEAR
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by:
EGA NOVIA SARI
A320120066
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2016
MOTTO
“Inna ma‟a al‟usri yusraan”
“Indeed with hardship (wil be) ease”
(QS. Al Insyirah : 6)
“The difference between ordinary and extraordinary is that little extra”
(Jimmy Johnson)
“The purpose of life is a life of purpose”
(Robert Byrne)
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is dedicated to:
My beloved parents Sutoyo and Purwanti,
My older sister Suharti Marlitasari,
My younger brother Aziz Pungky Arista
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh.
Alkhamdulillahirobbil‟alamin. First of all, the writer wants to say thanks to
Allah SWT for the mercies and blessing given to the writer. So that, she finally
completes her research paper entitled AN ERROR ANALYSIS IN WRITING
RECOUNT TEXT MADE BY STUDENTS OF 8TH GRADE IN SMP N 1 GATAK
2015/2016 ACADEMIC YEAR. In the process of finishing this research paper, the
writer got some helps from many people when she faced some problems and
obstacles. In this occasion, the writer would like to express her deepest gratitude for
the guidance, supports, and also constructive criticism to the following people:
1.
Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M.Hum., Dean of School of Teacher Training
and Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
2.
Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D., Head of English Departement Muhammadiyah
University of Surakarta.
3.
Prof. Dr. Endang Fauziati, M.Hum., the first consultant who has patiently guided
the writer in the process of finishing this research paper, and also for her advices
and best suggestions.
4.
Nur Hidayat, M.Pd., the second consultant who has patiently for correcting and
encouraging her from the beginning until finishing this research paper.
5.
Dra. Dwi Haryanti, M.Hum., as the academic consultant for her guidance and
her help as long as the writer studied in Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
6.
All lecturers of English Department who had given their knowledge and advices
for the writer.
7.
Her adorable parents Sutoyo and Purwanti for their pray, love, advice, and
support that motivate the writer to finish this research paper.
8.
Her beloved older sister Suharti Marlitasari and her younger brother Aziz
Pungky Arista for their spirit and pray.
9.
Her little nephew Azka Gavriel Ramaditya who makes the writer happy when
she got stress and tired.
vii
10. Her dearest one who always gives pray, motivation, and spirit for the writer
during the process of finishing this research paper. Thank you, dear!
11. Her amazing friends Sagitha Litany Demastuti, Sri Liyaningsih, Intan Dwi
Gabetta Siahaan, Mufti Istiqomah, and Kholeeyoh Mali who always support,
help, motivate, and pray for each other. Thanks a lot for every moment that we
had been created, Glimmers!
12. Her new family at Kost Bu Cipto, especially Suyamto and Sumiati as her second
parents in Solo, and her friends Maulida, Ratri, Munawaroh, Umy, Wahyu,
Dyah, Irma, and Lupita who always make the writer happy when she got far
away from her family. Keep being family, guys!
13. Her lovely friends Beti Eka Aprilia, Syarofania Nuranti, Ihdania Aryanti, Aulia
Trisna Ningsih, Wuri Mulyandari, Elok Niswatul Fauziyah, and Dwi Kurniawati
Pujiana who always give support and pray for the writer. Thank you so much for
our togetherness, girls!
14. All of students and teachers in SMP N 1 Gatak who help the writer to finish this
research paper. Thank you so much for your help and participation!
15. All of her friends in English Department 2012. Nice to meet you all, friends!
All who cannot mention one by one who had help, pray, and support the
writer during the process until finishing this research paper. Thank you for all!
The writer realized that this research paper is still far away from perfectness. So
that, the writer needs constructive criticism and suggestion for making this
research paper be better than before. The writer hopes that this research paper
can be useful and give contribution to the other researchers.
Wassalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh
Surakarta, 30 April 2016
The researcher
Ega Novia Sari
A320120066
viii
LIST OF TABLE
2.1. Differences between previous study and the current ..................................... 10
4.1. Frequency of Error ......................................................................................... 50
4.2. Similarities between the previous finding and the current ............................. 58
4.3. Differences between the previous finding and the current............................. 60
ix
LIST OF APPENDIXES
APPENDIX 1. Real Composition
APPENDIX 2. The Types of Error
APPENDIX 3. Table of Errors made by Students
x
SUMMARY
Sari, Ega Novia. A320120066. AN ERROR ANALYSIS IN WRITING
RECOUNT TEXT MADE BY STUDENTS OF 8TH GRADE IN SMP N 1
GATAK 2015/2016 ACADEMIC YEAR. Research paper. Muhammadiyah
University of Surakarta. 2016.
The aims of this research are: (1) to identify the types of errors in writing recount
text made by students of 8th grade in SMP N 1 Gatak 2015/2016 academic year, (2)
to identify the types of morphological errors, syntactical errors, and discourse errors,
and also count the frequency of each types of errors, (3) to describe the sources of
errors. The type of this research is descriptive qualitative research. In collecting data,
the researcher uses elicitation technique. There are three steps to collect the data,
namely: (1) firstly, the researcher entered the classroom and asks the students to
write their own recount text, (2) secondly, the researcher collected the students‟
works, then reads and analyzes the data by marking the types of errors which occur
in the students‟ writing, (3) lastly, the researcher documented the data of error then
classifies them based on linguistic category and surface strategy. In analyzing the
data, the researcher uses the theory of James for classifying the errors, and uses
Brown‟s theory for sources of the errors.
The result of this research shows that in morphological error, there are 67 errors or
33.17% of errors which is classified into three errors, namely: false friend (23 errors
or 11.39% of errors), wrong spelling (36 errors or 17.82% of errors), and code
mixing (8 errors or 3.96% of errors). Then in syntactical error, the researcher found
132 errors or 65.35% of errors, consist of omission of be as predicate (7 errors or
3.47% of errors), addition of be as predicate (5 errors or 2.48% of errors), misuse of
be as predicate (18 errors or 8.91% of errors), omission of preposition (8 errors or
3.96% of errors), addition of preposition (10 errors or 4.95% of errors), omission of
article (5 errors or 2.48% of errors), addition of article (4 errors or 1.98% of errors),
omission of subject pronoun (5 errors or 2.48% of errors), omission of –s/-es in
plural marker (13 errors or 6.44% of errors), omission of „s in possessive pronoun (4
errors or 1.98% of errors),omission of verb (4 errors or 1.98% of errors), addition of
verb (5 errors or 2.48% of errors), misuse of verb (30 errors or 14,85% of errors),
omission of possessive adjective (7 errors or 3.47% of errors), and misordering of
noun phrase (7 errors or 3.47% of errors). Lastly, in discourse errors, the researcher
found 3 errors or 1.49% of errors in general structure. Those errors are divided into
two sources, namely interlingual transfer and intralingual transfer.
Key words: error analysis, recount text, sources of errors, linguistic category,
surface strategy
xi
RINGKASAN
Sari, Ega Novia. A320120066. ANALISIS KESALAHAN DALAM MENULIS
TEKS RECOUNT OLEH SISWA KELAS 8 DI SMP N 1 GATAK TAHUN
AJARAN 2015/2016. Skripsi. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. 2016.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis error dalam
menulis teks recount yang dibuat oleh siswa kelas 8 di SMP N 1 Gatak tahun ajaran
2015/2016, (2) mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis error morfologi, error sintaksis, dan error
discourse, serta menghitung frekwensi masing-masing jenis error, (3)
mendeskripsikan sumber-sumber error. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian
deskriptif kualitatif. Dalam mengumpulkan data, peneliti menggunakan tekhnik
elisitasi. Ada tiga langkah untuk mengumpulkan data, yaitu: (1) pertama, peneliti
masuk kelas dan meminta siswa untuk menulis teks recount mereka, (2) kedua,
peneliti mengumpulkan pekerjaan siswa, kemudian membaca dan menganalisis data
dengan menandai jenis-jenis error yang terdapat pada pekerjaan siswa, (3) terakhir,
peneliti mendokumentasikan data kemudian mengklasifikasikan berdsarkan
linguistic category dan surface strategy. Dalam menganalisis data, peneliti
menggunakan teori dari James untuk mengklasifikasikan error, dan menggunakan
teori dari Brown untuk sumber-sumber error.
Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pada error morfologi, terdapat 67 error
atau 33.17% error yang diklasifikasikan kedalam tiga error, yaitu: false friend (23
error atau 11.39% error), wrong spelling (36 error atau 17.82% error), dan code
mixing (8 error atau 3.96% error). Kemudian pada error sintaksis, peneliti
menemukan 132 error atau 65.35% error, terdiri dari omission of be as predicate (7
error atau 3.47% error), addition of be as predicate (5 error atau 2.48% error),
misuse of be as predicate (18 error atau 8.91% error), omission of preposition (8
error atau 3.96% error), addition of preposition (10 error atau 4.95% error), omission
of article (5 error atau 2.48% error), addition of article (4 error atau 1.98% error),
omission of subject pronoun (5 error atau 2.48% error), omission of –s/-es in plural
marker (13 error atau 6.44% error), omission of „s in possessive pronoun (4 error
atau1.98% error),omission of verb (4 error atau 1.98% error), addition of verb (5
error atau 2.48% error), misuse of verb (30 error atau 14,85% error), omission of
possessive adjective (7 error atau 3.47% error), dan misordering of noun phrase (7
error atau 3.47% error). Terakhir, dalam error discourse, peneliti menemukan 3 error
atau 1.49% error pada general structure. Error tersebut dibagi menjadi dua sumber,
yaitu interlingual transfer dan intralingual transfer.
Kata kunci: analisis kesalahan, teks recount, sumber-sumber kesalahan,
linguistic category, surface strategy
xii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER
............................................................................................................ i
PRONOUNCEMENT ....................................................................................... ii
APPROVAL ....................................................................................................... iii
ACCEPTANCE .................................................................................................. iv
MOTTO ............................................................................................................ v
DEDICATION .................................................................................................. vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................. vii
LIST OF TABLE ................................................................................................ ix
LIST OF APPENDIX ........................................................................................ x
SUMMARY
.................................................................................................. xi
RINGKASAN
.................................................................................................. xii
TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................... xiii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ...................................................................... 1
A. Background of Study ....................................................................................... 1
B. Limitation of the Study .................................................................................... 3
C. Problem Statements ......................................................................................... 4
D. Objective of the Study ..................................................................................... 4
E. Significance of the Study ................................................................................. 4
F. Research Paper Organization ........................................................................... 5
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ........................... 6
A. Previous Study ................................................................................................ 6
B. Theoretical Review........................................................................................... 11
1. Error Analysis ............................................................................................. 12
a. Notion of Error analysis .......................................................................... 12
b. Pedagogical Purpose of Error Analysis .................................................. 13
c. The Classification of Error...................................................................... 13
d. The Error Identification .......................................................................... 19
e. Sources of Error ..................................................................................... 19
2. English Text .............................................................................................. 21
a. Notion of English Text ........................................................................... 21
xiii
b. Type of English Text ........................................................................... 21
c. Recount Text ........................................................................................... 25
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ........................................... 27
A. Type of Study .................................................................................................. 27
B. Object of the Study .......................................................................................... 27
C. Data and Data Source ...................................................................................... 28
D. Technique of Collecting Data .......................................................................... 28
E. Data Validity .................................................................................................... 28
F. Technique of Analyzing Data .......................................................................... 29
CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION ....................... 30
A. Research Finding ............................................................................................. 30
1. Types of Morphological Error ..................................................................... 30
2. Types of Syntactical Error ........................................................................... 34
3. Types of Discourse Error ............................................................................. 47
4. The Frequency of Errors .............................................................................. 48
5. Sources of Errors ......................................................................................... 51
B. Discussion ....................................................................................................... 54
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION, PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATION AND
SUGGESTION .................................................................................................. 62
A. Conclusion ....................................................................................................... 62
B. Pedagogical Implication ................................................................................... 62
C. Suggestion ....................................................................................................... 64
BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................... 65
APPENDIXES .................................................................................................. 67
1. Real Composition
2. The Types of Error
3. Table of Errors made by Students
xiv