VIOLATION MAXIMS IN AWAS ADA SULE SITUATION COMEDY.
VIOLATION MAXIMS IN AWAS ADA SULE
SITUATION COMEDY
A THESIS
Submitted to the English and Literature Department
Faculty of Languages and Arts UNIMED
as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for
the Degree of Sarjana Sastra
By:
MARIATI BR SEMBIRING
Registration Number. 2103220027
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2014
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Thankful to God for blessings, mercy, guidance, strength, and help which
have been given to her so she can finish this Thesis well.
This Thesis was written in order to fulfill one of the requirements to obtain
the degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Department of Faculty of Languages and
Arts, State University of Medan.
In the completion of this Thesis, the writer was greatly indebted to many
people which without their help; she will not be able to complete this Thesis
properly. Therefore, on this occasion the writer would like to express her gratitude
and appreciation to:
Prof. Dr. Ibnu Hajar Damanik, M.Si. as the Rector of State University
of Medan.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum. as the Dean of Faculty of Languages and
Arts, State University of Medan.
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd. as the Head of English Department, Rika,
S.Pd., M.Hum. as the Secretary of English Department, Dra. Meisuri,
MA. as the Head of Non-Educational English Program, and Dra.
Masitowarni Siregar, M.Ed. as the Head of Educational English
Program.
Dr. Anni Holila Pulungan, M.Hum. as the Writer’s Thesis Supervisor
and Academic Counselor.
Drs. Elia Masa Gintings, M.Hum., Dr. Zainuddin, DIP. TEFL,
M.Hum., and Dra. Yunita Agnes Sianipar, M.Hum., as The Examiner.
All Lecturers of English Department for lessons, advices and useful
knowledge.
The best family of the author, the truly inspiring number one man, her
Dad, Mr. Suria Sembiring, her beloved Mom, Mrs. Sakdiah Br
Tarigan, her Brother Suasanta Sembiring, S.Kom., and her Sisters
Masta Marselina Sembiring, S.Pd., Rahel Yudita Sembiring and
Evrida Sembiring, for their endless love, support, encouragement,
motivation, prayers, and laughter shared during the writer’s life. She loves
them so much. Also her great family for the support during the completion
of this thesis.
The writer’s special alphabet: Agatha Ciyp, Jaka Sampoerna, Monica
Ghea Luwiq and Community of Sant’Egidio Medan, for the friendship,
love, helps, laughter and tears, and for all the bittersweet memories shared.
All seniors and juniors in English Department who have helped her
during the study and help her with her thesis, especially to Ina Ray
ii
Patick, S.S., R Hadi Prabowo, S.S., and Suci Retno Utami, S.S. It
means a lot to her. All of the writer’s friends in Applied Linguistics A
and B 2010, thank you for the love and having a great time studying. She
will be missing those memories.
Maam Euis for helping the writer in preparing the files for the purposes of
this thesis.
Everyone who has been involved directly or indirectly in the writing of
this thesis that can not be mentioned one by one, and thanks for all the
memories that the writer got during her study at her beloved campus.
Thank you very much. May God bless us all, Amin.
Medan,
July 2014
The Writer,
Mariati Br Sembiring
NIM. 2103220027
iii
ABSTRACT
Mariati Br Sembiring. NIM 2103220027. Violation Maxims in Awas Ada Sule
Situation Comedy. A Thesis. English Department, Faculty of Languages and
Arts, State University of Medan 2014.
The objectives of this research were to discover the types of violation maxims, the
most dominant violation maxim, and to explain the causes of the most dominant
violation maxim in Awas Ada Sule situation comedy. The source of data was
situation comedy and taken from internet. The data were the scripts in Awas Ada
Sule situation comedy. There were 50 violation maxims in this research. The
descriptive qualitative design was used to analyze the data. The results of the
analysis showed that all types of maxim were violated; 33 utterances violation
maxim of quantity (66%), 7 utterances violation maxim of quality (14%), 7
utterances violation maxim of relation (14%), and 3 utterances violation maxim of
manner (6%). The most dominant type of violation maxims was the violation
maxim of quantity because the main characters said something without giving
enough information or even providing it too much by adding something
unimportant to say which was aimed at creating humor, entertaining.
i
LIST OF TABLE
Page
Table 4.1 The percentage overview of violation maxims……………………… 29
vi
LIST OF APPENDICES
Page
APPENDIX A. Analyzing violation maxims ……………………………… 45
APPENDIX B. The scripts ………………………………………………… 52
vii
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of the Study
A human cannot be separated from the language and communications. The
relationship of language and communication are included in the area of
Pragmatics. Pragmatics is concerned with the study of meaning as communicated
by the speaker and interpreted by a listener (Yule, 2003:3). It requires a
consideration of how speakers organize what they want to say and what the
utterances might mean by the speakers.
Pragmatics also has various sub-studies, one of them is Cooperative
Principle. Grice (1975) as a philosopher of linguistics developed a model called as
Cooperative Principles which human being follows to ensure successful
communication. Grice divides the principle more specific called maxims. There
are four types of maxims: (1) maxim of quantity, (2) maxim of quality, (3) maxim
of relation, and (4) maxim of manner. These principles can make the conversation
work effectively and run smoothly. The people actually have followed this
principle unconsciously in their daily life conversation. But in fact, there are many
people who disobey this principle. This is called as the violation of maxim. There
are four violation of maxims: (1) violation of maxim of quantity, (2) violation of
maxim of quality, (3) violation of maxim of relation and (4) violation of maxim
of manner. This all violation maxim can be occurred for some reasons such as
when someone wants to show respect, to change the topic/subject and also for
humor purpose.
1
2
Sometimes people express their opinion and ideas with concise, humorous,
dramatic, exaggerating and sarcastic method to achieve certain effects, thereby
people could feel content and funny, and get enlightenment and meditation (Pan,
2012:20). Recently, humor cannot dismissed in social life. It occurs in daily
conversation, in the movies, on television, in books, newspaper and magazines, on
the radio to create humor. Humor is a mode of communication which produces to
entertain the hearer. For humor to work as a rapport-building device, speakers
must be able to gauge when their remarks are less likely to be interpreted as
having serious implications and more likely to be taken as a switch to a more
playful with its own cooperation principle and set of maxims (Lampert and Susan,
2006: 53). It means that humor can violate based on each type of violation of
maxim, such as lying, irrelevant, or run out from the topic.
The violation may exist not only in ordinary conversation but also in the
situation comedy (sitcom) conversation as in a television program. A situation
comedy is one of television program which functions to entertain the audience. It
is the media instrument for human being and it is the one of the mass media orally
delivered. It used the scripts to present the story by the characters as well.
Awas Ada Sule is one of the famous television program in Indonesia and it
is a situation comedy. The characters should not make their contributions more or
less informative than they are required, do not relate to each other as a usual
conversation and use code or another word to replace the word they mean, or even
to make a humor/funny conversation for comedy purpose so that there is a great
chance that he/she repeatedly violates the maxim. Example:
3
Setting
: Home
Participants
: Sule, bu Tiyo
Bu Tiyo
: Makmur.. Makmur.. Sule, you see Makmur don’t you?
Sule
: How much you want the sate mam? (fanned)
Violation of maxim of relation requires the speaker to say something
irrelevant statements or changing the topic. Here, Sule’s answer does not relate
with Bu Tiyo’s question. Sule should answer “yes or no”, but he says irrelevant
answer to make humor. If he does not changing the topic, the conversation will
not humorous.
Concerning all the explanation above, the writer would like to analyze
Awas Ada Sule situation comedy as source of data in this research. The writer is
interested in studying the violation of maxim of utterance used by the characters
on Awas Ada Sule situation comedy because the writer assumed that it would
violate the maxim of quantity, maxim of quality, maxim of relation, or maxim of
manner.
B. The Problems of the Study
Related to the background above, the problems of this study are
formulated as follow:
1. What types of violation of maxims are used in episodes Awas Ada Sule
situation comedy?
2. What is the most dominant type of violation of maxims used in episodes
Awas Ada Sule situation comedy?
4
3. What are the causes of the dominant type of violation of maxims used in
episodes Awas Ada Sule situation comedy?
C. The Objective of the Study
Based on the problems of the study, the objectives of this study are:
1. to find out the types of violation of maxims in episodes Awas Ada Sule
situation comedy.
2. to find out the most dominant type of violation of maxims in episodes
Awas Ada Sule situation comedy.
3. to find out the causes of the dominant type of violation of maxims in
episodes Awas Ada Sule situation comedy.
D. The Scope of the Study
The discussion of study is limited to violation of maxim. The writer will
analyze the violation maxim occurred in main characters’ utterances in episodes
Awas Ada Sule situation comedy. There are five main characters in Awas Ada
Sule, they are: Sule/Sule, Makmur/Ery Owe, Kanjeng Mami/Maya Wulan, Mr.
Tiyo/Hikmal Abrar, and Mrs. Tiyo/Hannah Al Rasyid.
E. The Significance of the Study
The research findings are expected to be useful in theoretically and
practically. In theoretically, the findings of the research will give useful
information to the speakers or hearers about their problems and difficulties in
5
understanding the violation of maxims in their utterances. Practically, it is hoped
that this research can give a contribution to other researchers to do the some
related researches with deeper and better techniques.
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusions
Having collected and analyzing the data, some conclusions were given
below:
1. There were four types violation maxims in Awas Ada Sule situation
comedy. There were 33 utterances (66%) violation of maxim of quantity, 7
utterances (14%) violation maxim of quality, 7 utterances (14%) violation
of maxim of relation, and 3 utterances (6%) violation of maxim of manner.
2. The results showed that the most dominant type of maxims which was
violated in Awas Ada Sule situation comedy was the violation of maxim of
quantity.
3. Violation of maxim of quantity was the most dominant in scripts Awas
Ada Sule situation comedy because the speaker gives too much or too little
information than is required which was aimed at creating humor or
entertaining.
41
42
B. Suggestions
Having conducted a research about an analysis of violation maxim, it is
useful to consider the following suggestions:
1. Understanding the maxim would help people when conducted a
conversation whether as speaker or hearer. To everyone who are talking or
speaking especially in a formal situation should give complete, clear, true,
and orderly information. Breaking the maxim or creating violation of
maxim is dangerous, because it could trigger the wrong perception of the
listener.
2. It is suggested that not only the students but also everyone should have a
good knowledge of the use of maxim to avoid the violation of maxim
because not every person know the violation of maxim.
REFERENCES
Aitchison, J. 2003. Teach Yourself Linguistics. London: Hodder and Stroughton
Educational.
Capkova, E. 2012. Pragmatic Principles and Humour in the IT Crowd.
Department of English and American Studies : English Language and
Literature.
Cruse, A. 2000. Meaning in Language: an Introduction to Semantics and
Pragmatics. New York: Oxford University Press.
Cutting, J. 2002. Pragmatics and Discourse: a Resource Book for Student. New
York: Routledge.
Cutting, J. 2008. Pragmatic an Discourse. New York: Routledge.
Ermida, I. 2008. The Language of Comic Narratives: Humor Construction in
Short Stories. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
GlobalTVnews.
2009.
Awas
Ada
Sule.
Retrieved
from
http://www.globaltv.co.id/en/program/detail/723 accessed on 1 April
2014.
Grice, H.P. 1975. Logic and Conversation. New York: Academic Press.
Gultom, M.Y. 2012. The Violation of Cooperative Principle, a Case of Verbal
Cartoon in Kompas Unpublished Thesis. Medan: State University of
Medan.
Jackson, S.L. 2009. Research Methods and Statistics: a Critical Thinking
Approach 3rd Edition. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Jeffries, C. 2006. Pragmatics and Discourse. Routledge: London and New York.
Jensen, K.E. 2009. Humor. Almen Engelsk: AAU.
Johnstone, B. 2000. Qualitative Method in Sociolinguistics. New York: Oxford
University Press.
Lampert, M.D and Susan M. 2006. Risky Laughter: Teasing and Self-Directed
Joking among Male and Female Friends. Journal of Pragmatics, (38) 5172.
43
44
Lexy. J.M. 2010. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif (Edisi Revisi). Bandung:
Rosda.
Mannohar,
U.
2012.
Types
of
Comedy.
Retrieved
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/types-of-comedy.html accessed
April 2014.
from
on 1
Nova, H. 2009. Awas Ada Sule, Usil, Bloon, Jadi Satu. Retrieved from
http://hendrinova.blogspot.com/2009/12/awas-ada-sule-usil-bloon-jadisatu.html accessed on 1 April 2014.
Pan, W. 2012. Linguistic Basis of Humor in Uses of Grices’s Cooperative
Principle. International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English
Literature, (1) 1-6.
Peccei, J. S. 2000. Pragmatics. China: Foreign Language Teaching and Research
Press.
Rini, S. 2010. Violating the Maxims of Quality and Quantity on the ‘Demo
Sabun’ Sketch of Extravaganza Situation Comedy TV. Journal of
Pragmatics, (2) 35-51.
Rochmawati, D. 2012. Violation of Grice’s Cooperative Principles as Humor
Strategies in Short-Joke Texts. Journal of Pragmatics, (1) 108-117.
Telaumbanua, W. 2012 . Analysis the Maxim Violation of Main Character in The
Kung Fu Panda 2 movie Unpublished Thesis. Medan:State University of
Medan.
Tupan, A.H. and H. Natalia. 2005. The Multiple Violation of Conventional
Maxims in Lying Done by the Characters in some Episodes of Desperate
Housewives. Journal of Pragmatics, (1) 63-78.
Utami, S.R. 2013. Violated Maxim in OZ: the Great and Powerful Movie
Unpublished Thesis. Medan: State University of Medan.
Wijana, I.D.P. 2003. Kartun. Jogjakarta: Ombak.
Yule, G. 2003. Pragmatics. New York: Cambridge University Press.
SITUATION COMEDY
A THESIS
Submitted to the English and Literature Department
Faculty of Languages and Arts UNIMED
as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for
the Degree of Sarjana Sastra
By:
MARIATI BR SEMBIRING
Registration Number. 2103220027
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2014
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Thankful to God for blessings, mercy, guidance, strength, and help which
have been given to her so she can finish this Thesis well.
This Thesis was written in order to fulfill one of the requirements to obtain
the degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Department of Faculty of Languages and
Arts, State University of Medan.
In the completion of this Thesis, the writer was greatly indebted to many
people which without their help; she will not be able to complete this Thesis
properly. Therefore, on this occasion the writer would like to express her gratitude
and appreciation to:
Prof. Dr. Ibnu Hajar Damanik, M.Si. as the Rector of State University
of Medan.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum. as the Dean of Faculty of Languages and
Arts, State University of Medan.
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd. as the Head of English Department, Rika,
S.Pd., M.Hum. as the Secretary of English Department, Dra. Meisuri,
MA. as the Head of Non-Educational English Program, and Dra.
Masitowarni Siregar, M.Ed. as the Head of Educational English
Program.
Dr. Anni Holila Pulungan, M.Hum. as the Writer’s Thesis Supervisor
and Academic Counselor.
Drs. Elia Masa Gintings, M.Hum., Dr. Zainuddin, DIP. TEFL,
M.Hum., and Dra. Yunita Agnes Sianipar, M.Hum., as The Examiner.
All Lecturers of English Department for lessons, advices and useful
knowledge.
The best family of the author, the truly inspiring number one man, her
Dad, Mr. Suria Sembiring, her beloved Mom, Mrs. Sakdiah Br
Tarigan, her Brother Suasanta Sembiring, S.Kom., and her Sisters
Masta Marselina Sembiring, S.Pd., Rahel Yudita Sembiring and
Evrida Sembiring, for their endless love, support, encouragement,
motivation, prayers, and laughter shared during the writer’s life. She loves
them so much. Also her great family for the support during the completion
of this thesis.
The writer’s special alphabet: Agatha Ciyp, Jaka Sampoerna, Monica
Ghea Luwiq and Community of Sant’Egidio Medan, for the friendship,
love, helps, laughter and tears, and for all the bittersweet memories shared.
All seniors and juniors in English Department who have helped her
during the study and help her with her thesis, especially to Ina Ray
ii
Patick, S.S., R Hadi Prabowo, S.S., and Suci Retno Utami, S.S. It
means a lot to her. All of the writer’s friends in Applied Linguistics A
and B 2010, thank you for the love and having a great time studying. She
will be missing those memories.
Maam Euis for helping the writer in preparing the files for the purposes of
this thesis.
Everyone who has been involved directly or indirectly in the writing of
this thesis that can not be mentioned one by one, and thanks for all the
memories that the writer got during her study at her beloved campus.
Thank you very much. May God bless us all, Amin.
Medan,
July 2014
The Writer,
Mariati Br Sembiring
NIM. 2103220027
iii
ABSTRACT
Mariati Br Sembiring. NIM 2103220027. Violation Maxims in Awas Ada Sule
Situation Comedy. A Thesis. English Department, Faculty of Languages and
Arts, State University of Medan 2014.
The objectives of this research were to discover the types of violation maxims, the
most dominant violation maxim, and to explain the causes of the most dominant
violation maxim in Awas Ada Sule situation comedy. The source of data was
situation comedy and taken from internet. The data were the scripts in Awas Ada
Sule situation comedy. There were 50 violation maxims in this research. The
descriptive qualitative design was used to analyze the data. The results of the
analysis showed that all types of maxim were violated; 33 utterances violation
maxim of quantity (66%), 7 utterances violation maxim of quality (14%), 7
utterances violation maxim of relation (14%), and 3 utterances violation maxim of
manner (6%). The most dominant type of violation maxims was the violation
maxim of quantity because the main characters said something without giving
enough information or even providing it too much by adding something
unimportant to say which was aimed at creating humor, entertaining.
i
LIST OF TABLE
Page
Table 4.1 The percentage overview of violation maxims……………………… 29
vi
LIST OF APPENDICES
Page
APPENDIX A. Analyzing violation maxims ……………………………… 45
APPENDIX B. The scripts ………………………………………………… 52
vii
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of the Study
A human cannot be separated from the language and communications. The
relationship of language and communication are included in the area of
Pragmatics. Pragmatics is concerned with the study of meaning as communicated
by the speaker and interpreted by a listener (Yule, 2003:3). It requires a
consideration of how speakers organize what they want to say and what the
utterances might mean by the speakers.
Pragmatics also has various sub-studies, one of them is Cooperative
Principle. Grice (1975) as a philosopher of linguistics developed a model called as
Cooperative Principles which human being follows to ensure successful
communication. Grice divides the principle more specific called maxims. There
are four types of maxims: (1) maxim of quantity, (2) maxim of quality, (3) maxim
of relation, and (4) maxim of manner. These principles can make the conversation
work effectively and run smoothly. The people actually have followed this
principle unconsciously in their daily life conversation. But in fact, there are many
people who disobey this principle. This is called as the violation of maxim. There
are four violation of maxims: (1) violation of maxim of quantity, (2) violation of
maxim of quality, (3) violation of maxim of relation and (4) violation of maxim
of manner. This all violation maxim can be occurred for some reasons such as
when someone wants to show respect, to change the topic/subject and also for
humor purpose.
1
2
Sometimes people express their opinion and ideas with concise, humorous,
dramatic, exaggerating and sarcastic method to achieve certain effects, thereby
people could feel content and funny, and get enlightenment and meditation (Pan,
2012:20). Recently, humor cannot dismissed in social life. It occurs in daily
conversation, in the movies, on television, in books, newspaper and magazines, on
the radio to create humor. Humor is a mode of communication which produces to
entertain the hearer. For humor to work as a rapport-building device, speakers
must be able to gauge when their remarks are less likely to be interpreted as
having serious implications and more likely to be taken as a switch to a more
playful with its own cooperation principle and set of maxims (Lampert and Susan,
2006: 53). It means that humor can violate based on each type of violation of
maxim, such as lying, irrelevant, or run out from the topic.
The violation may exist not only in ordinary conversation but also in the
situation comedy (sitcom) conversation as in a television program. A situation
comedy is one of television program which functions to entertain the audience. It
is the media instrument for human being and it is the one of the mass media orally
delivered. It used the scripts to present the story by the characters as well.
Awas Ada Sule is one of the famous television program in Indonesia and it
is a situation comedy. The characters should not make their contributions more or
less informative than they are required, do not relate to each other as a usual
conversation and use code or another word to replace the word they mean, or even
to make a humor/funny conversation for comedy purpose so that there is a great
chance that he/she repeatedly violates the maxim. Example:
3
Setting
: Home
Participants
: Sule, bu Tiyo
Bu Tiyo
: Makmur.. Makmur.. Sule, you see Makmur don’t you?
Sule
: How much you want the sate mam? (fanned)
Violation of maxim of relation requires the speaker to say something
irrelevant statements or changing the topic. Here, Sule’s answer does not relate
with Bu Tiyo’s question. Sule should answer “yes or no”, but he says irrelevant
answer to make humor. If he does not changing the topic, the conversation will
not humorous.
Concerning all the explanation above, the writer would like to analyze
Awas Ada Sule situation comedy as source of data in this research. The writer is
interested in studying the violation of maxim of utterance used by the characters
on Awas Ada Sule situation comedy because the writer assumed that it would
violate the maxim of quantity, maxim of quality, maxim of relation, or maxim of
manner.
B. The Problems of the Study
Related to the background above, the problems of this study are
formulated as follow:
1. What types of violation of maxims are used in episodes Awas Ada Sule
situation comedy?
2. What is the most dominant type of violation of maxims used in episodes
Awas Ada Sule situation comedy?
4
3. What are the causes of the dominant type of violation of maxims used in
episodes Awas Ada Sule situation comedy?
C. The Objective of the Study
Based on the problems of the study, the objectives of this study are:
1. to find out the types of violation of maxims in episodes Awas Ada Sule
situation comedy.
2. to find out the most dominant type of violation of maxims in episodes
Awas Ada Sule situation comedy.
3. to find out the causes of the dominant type of violation of maxims in
episodes Awas Ada Sule situation comedy.
D. The Scope of the Study
The discussion of study is limited to violation of maxim. The writer will
analyze the violation maxim occurred in main characters’ utterances in episodes
Awas Ada Sule situation comedy. There are five main characters in Awas Ada
Sule, they are: Sule/Sule, Makmur/Ery Owe, Kanjeng Mami/Maya Wulan, Mr.
Tiyo/Hikmal Abrar, and Mrs. Tiyo/Hannah Al Rasyid.
E. The Significance of the Study
The research findings are expected to be useful in theoretically and
practically. In theoretically, the findings of the research will give useful
information to the speakers or hearers about their problems and difficulties in
5
understanding the violation of maxims in their utterances. Practically, it is hoped
that this research can give a contribution to other researchers to do the some
related researches with deeper and better techniques.
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusions
Having collected and analyzing the data, some conclusions were given
below:
1. There were four types violation maxims in Awas Ada Sule situation
comedy. There were 33 utterances (66%) violation of maxim of quantity, 7
utterances (14%) violation maxim of quality, 7 utterances (14%) violation
of maxim of relation, and 3 utterances (6%) violation of maxim of manner.
2. The results showed that the most dominant type of maxims which was
violated in Awas Ada Sule situation comedy was the violation of maxim of
quantity.
3. Violation of maxim of quantity was the most dominant in scripts Awas
Ada Sule situation comedy because the speaker gives too much or too little
information than is required which was aimed at creating humor or
entertaining.
41
42
B. Suggestions
Having conducted a research about an analysis of violation maxim, it is
useful to consider the following suggestions:
1. Understanding the maxim would help people when conducted a
conversation whether as speaker or hearer. To everyone who are talking or
speaking especially in a formal situation should give complete, clear, true,
and orderly information. Breaking the maxim or creating violation of
maxim is dangerous, because it could trigger the wrong perception of the
listener.
2. It is suggested that not only the students but also everyone should have a
good knowledge of the use of maxim to avoid the violation of maxim
because not every person know the violation of maxim.
REFERENCES
Aitchison, J. 2003. Teach Yourself Linguistics. London: Hodder and Stroughton
Educational.
Capkova, E. 2012. Pragmatic Principles and Humour in the IT Crowd.
Department of English and American Studies : English Language and
Literature.
Cruse, A. 2000. Meaning in Language: an Introduction to Semantics and
Pragmatics. New York: Oxford University Press.
Cutting, J. 2002. Pragmatics and Discourse: a Resource Book for Student. New
York: Routledge.
Cutting, J. 2008. Pragmatic an Discourse. New York: Routledge.
Ermida, I. 2008. The Language of Comic Narratives: Humor Construction in
Short Stories. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
GlobalTVnews.
2009.
Awas
Ada
Sule.
Retrieved
from
http://www.globaltv.co.id/en/program/detail/723 accessed on 1 April
2014.
Grice, H.P. 1975. Logic and Conversation. New York: Academic Press.
Gultom, M.Y. 2012. The Violation of Cooperative Principle, a Case of Verbal
Cartoon in Kompas Unpublished Thesis. Medan: State University of
Medan.
Jackson, S.L. 2009. Research Methods and Statistics: a Critical Thinking
Approach 3rd Edition. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Jeffries, C. 2006. Pragmatics and Discourse. Routledge: London and New York.
Jensen, K.E. 2009. Humor. Almen Engelsk: AAU.
Johnstone, B. 2000. Qualitative Method in Sociolinguistics. New York: Oxford
University Press.
Lampert, M.D and Susan M. 2006. Risky Laughter: Teasing and Self-Directed
Joking among Male and Female Friends. Journal of Pragmatics, (38) 5172.
43
44
Lexy. J.M. 2010. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif (Edisi Revisi). Bandung:
Rosda.
Mannohar,
U.
2012.
Types
of
Comedy.
Retrieved
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/types-of-comedy.html accessed
April 2014.
from
on 1
Nova, H. 2009. Awas Ada Sule, Usil, Bloon, Jadi Satu. Retrieved from
http://hendrinova.blogspot.com/2009/12/awas-ada-sule-usil-bloon-jadisatu.html accessed on 1 April 2014.
Pan, W. 2012. Linguistic Basis of Humor in Uses of Grices’s Cooperative
Principle. International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English
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