THE VIOLATION OF MAXIMS OF COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLE IN GOSSIP GIRL TV SERIES.
THI"I'IOI,ATION OF MAXIMS OF COOPERATT!'E PRINCIPLE
IN GASS'P
Stbniled
ih
fot
i?/i'
TV SERIES
Pttli
FuntuMt ta tte R.quirwnt
th. D.pft. ofsdtjd"a sa'tm
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT _ FACULTY OF LETTERS
AN'DALAS IINT!'ERSITY
PADANC
2010
AI}STRAK
Dalm skripsi ini didalisis pdasgam matsin nalsin kftia sma yans
dilatukan oleh karak€FkaBkler ltama dalm senal Tv C'si' C,, rdg
diby gka pada bnu 2007. TujB pen€lilid i.i adalah mtuk me.ss@bukr
peldssdd st&sin-naksin keia sma oFn kankelkaraka utd.,
nenenutu alsd,
naksin-natsin
kcis satn0
als$n neEka dalflo rnelalukm lelansedan
frenentukm pelossam yana pding knng dilakuld. dm
Dai5 dikmpulkm
dcnss
nerrrli
metodc obscnBi, (obenoliotul netho
teknik p€ncatatan, kemudim dikelompol&s dal@
bentit pctalapm
Dab dimalisis nengguald nelod€ tade tnemaik dcnse lsri Grice 11975)
l94lane priNip kedasna. malsin hatsin kedama dan pelmssam nalsim'
maksin k€rja sma ydg lerdiii ddi empal jenis matsin seita lcon konreks oleh
HlDes. Seldjutnl€. hsil dtlhis dilapoldu d€lse melode fomal ds
Ddi pen€lilid ini. hNl ymg didapal nenujukta h,!wr p.nutur dalan
sial TV Gosrjp Ctl nelakul& 22 pclmscam nalsim'na,lsin l€& sna
deng@ ftekuensi sebagai benk : 6 (27.3%) pelegsmn maksih (.trtih. I I
(50%) p€ldegam nalsin liualitas, 3 (13,6%) pelmggm malsin rclevdsi
dd 2 (9,1%) p.ldgsuo nalsim cm. Ddi keseluNhm dard. naksib kulilas
nddpalm nalsin yds pali.s si.g dil 88d oleh tmke! k&rlter ut@a
ddm Scnal ry C.$? Girl ini. Dalm pcrcakapan rcsebll jrgr dn€nulr
b€rbagai kemunslii@ 61as me@ka meldege nalsinnaksim teda ssa
leffbul mda lain mirL nenyedbuyikm faha. nenbstu sessha
mcnyenbuntikd faha le^e6nl, menyenbuyikr n€ram meFka yag
sbdmya, nenymbunyitd naksud terlentu, Denp€ninbmekm pmsn
onnc 15i., menunjulr,n F!:s@, nembuat lelucm da jusa unrul fr€njaea
acusi n ek didcPU Publik G?Yi,s/ac?).
C1IAPIER
I
INTRODIJCTTON
1.
r B*keround oftheStudy
When
hllins a
convcBation, p€ople hop. lhal their inrenlion
l.
l'
o$u
he
F.oaniTed
bt .rhets
.onleuirs
They art suptosc.d 10 respond 10 each olher by givjnslhe needed
TheElbE, $ey n€ed
usetul infomalion lbr bolh of thcn to
n,nherelftctilc conmunicatun The
coop.ratc ca.h
cotrmd me ingtul
re
aact lhaLpeople
whcn
rd
convcBarion ior
cooperalins is thc basjc
I
assrnplion made in conlc63tion. Grice (1975) lhe. proposed this dsumplion
as
ihe gs€ral principle in a convsation.l oopcmlion. n.med Cooncdtive
Prinlirle which
rtqlired.
ms
ar rhe srage ar wnich
dre ralk cxchmAe in
obsered
as: Mare tour converotional contnbud.n Nch rs n
!,
it @.n6. by rhe accepred Furpos or diEclion
rl
ct
be
*hich ydn de e.gaged. lbis g€ e.rl prirciple
all thc pdicipants in ralk md cxchdses, eilhd spealcr (r) or
Ir recns dul bolh ol thc pdicipmls dc
$ficie.l. sincft dd cled intomalion
B€sides, in
supposed
lo
h*€r
provide the
ord( to have a ooperalive
coDvcnation. borh ol rhc pdicipmG musl also rcld lo the sonlexl when lney
convesins.
L€(h
knoNledse dsun€d
,
sinrerp4rarion
(1983) sbted
10 be
th,t $e
contexl
shaEd by the padiciplnls
of{hals meds
cm bc my
rd
vill
backercund
conbibulcs to
shos $al, t !fti/:
nsed
sd€tuding ab.ut wh.l is
being
by a givcn nncFncc Ii
to havc shaEd leosledec to dEw nuturl
which
@
comunicated by r since people did .ol ahays say uhdt the]
mess.ges which
sri
ned. Tren,
ro convey by r can be recogniz&l and inlerprered
by n md misu.deblsding
cd
bc avoidcd.
co tcliy
flGcfon, cne (I97s) spcciicd
rde $at nusr be lho obrded Nhcn convesine Mlled ndim. Tncrc
maxims, nmed
the
m
a
four
maim olqudlily. qnalily, Elevonl md n.Mcr
rlo{ever. soneLins rhe heder
c
nisnnde^tmd whal
sFeaker means by
hh/ler unemnces since fie spc2kcr nay spc* umopcralivcl.y bt .ol tulliuing
Tnca arc many qays in.o1 lulfillins mdin, (he oa inen is by
'ules
liol ins i1. in violaling tn. n im, Oilce (19?s) slalcd lhat thc spcakd will
rhe
quietly md unonenllliouslt disl&d lhc
nor kno$
inplicanft
$c lfuth dd will only undersbi $€
(cnuing. 2000).
11
surl,ce nca.!!rg ofthe wods
meds that lhe spealer will delibenlely make lne
*r.nglt dsnncs rhal they dc
insumcient,
S/he rvill makc thc hcard
hscr
cooi)cntinc by saying sonelhins {hich insincere,
ineler,nr.r drbisuous.
'ne violation ol mdins ould
en*led a;,s? a;irl
11
is
bed
be fomd in one of
Amenc Tv
Senes
on rccn book scnes rriflen by Cecily von
ziceesd. Ir rells aboul Ihe sddalous lile al Lhcpnvilcgcd tccnascs atlcndina
etne prirate school on
Series is
Mdhand s Uppc tLsl Sidc h New Yo.k Cily. This Tv
. nix ol conedy, drda md mnrce
problens lboul lorc slory
od
thc
witei n
Tlere
m nmy compliaEd
ftiendship. Somelines in lhcing those problens,
the main chmcteN lend 10 violale thc
{hy
s
ffiims
duing then mrr6arion. Thal ls
inEreslcd in Daling lhis TV Ssi€s
a
lnaly,ine $c !iolalion olnaxins of Cooperalivs Principle
h.t $uicc ofd.L in
IV
CTIAPTER
CONCI,IJSION
In this chapter lhe witer preFnls thc Huh of lhe dab malysis in
violiing the ndins ol C@pemlive Pnnciple lbund in Amqice TV
Gossip Giri. Aner ealyzing th€ conveGation in the TV Series.
conclude thar
all of tbe main chamtcs violatc the
Pnnciplc. E&h
pcrfoMcc
of vioiarion
wib
on the alalysis
ndim of quality. It is showed
ndim
done by
lhe convesalio.s has each
all the main clmcr€n
IdiN
in conve$tior
violations could be lomd in conveMtion 2- 4,5, ?,8,9.11,
mdin
th€ nain choscLers violale this
non soneone
which happs in
ndim
else by
inlention. lo consider sneone s
becaus they
sdls
lellinsa lie. Tney al$
min
naln cha@ters in
of
q@lity
$k fv
ndim
ud
d
H@, N well
ne wici
md 16
ndih
1o
is
tlm
dc
of
4 md 9. Most
lo help sommnc
feeling, ro hide Fal
fae in lrod olpublic.
which mosr violated by rhe
finds six
perfomaes
by the main chmclcn in .onvcrulion
the violation ofquality
Tne
covei Lhe uu$s or
]mr
eal
d to sare their
is the seond
Scrics.
violadns the qudrity
14.
leelins
ll
conv*tion
hiding thoe faca, to prcre{t son@ne, to hide lhet
Ncxl.
Coop€mriv€
by the percentage as s0 oZ. Il hapFns elden limes
ftod twnty two t€.lommccs of violalion of
hide screls
of
ofsi{t€en convNtions in the pEwious chapbr, rhe
finds rhd the nost violatcd
lwo limcs violalion ofthis
de Mite. cu
othf.
conrexl which iniluences 4ch
led
oanains i!
ldins
Scncs
ndin,
there
lls
(27,3olo)
l, 6, 7,
of
10,
a]ro tuo times
of violarion of qMrity
is
i. convGdion l.
mdid
by iwo nain ch@cre6 in
The possi6le
eMs
in violaring
se
conv@rion rhal
tis mdin
a€ b€sBe rhey
wmrs to cocide! eneone s feling. lo convin@ son@ne md to s[ow rhen rca]
6
fseling such
dieppoinfinent or asc! by being no.e or
'fte violdion mdim of rele! 1 h
main
rhe next
t€&s
naim
injbmarive.
whjch is
liot
cd 6y
ch@teB ir Go.r? C;t Irr' Scries. ft is proved by lnc Fdquency for abour
13.6%
(LbE p€raomecet ftom rwe y rvo perfomecs of violation of
ndins
ofcooperalive Principle. ir bappcB in conv@lion 1. 2, md 12. l'h€
ndin bea@ ofsevcr, possible rdons,
sain chaEd€n violale this
consid€r sm@ne s feeling, to hidc their Eal feelins
Fin&lly, tne
tiolared
so
wii(
finds rhat
tines by the maii
tie
ch@le6
o'ny happens in hvo convmtions dar
ltrer
e
two
perfotues
violation ot
in G.,rrrp
e
dd rre
do
ro bide rhei..eal
nm* nain wd only
c,r/ Tv
Senes. This viotation
in conv@tion
(9,1%l ot this violarion of
such
3
ndins
d !5. Ir mees
ftom
lvelty
tw
pcrfom&es of violatio. oi ndins of Coopennre prnEipte. in viotating Lhis
naim,
they have sone tossible
lsons,
hide $n€rhing Aon their interlocutor
Tnese conclusions
chmctes in Afrdic&
Pnnciple
whft fiey
e
cd
ry
mswa the
Series
l]win
lrHins of
den @l i,ldrion,
1o
a1$ to coNide. son@ne's feeli.g.
6,Ntp
Esmh
6rl
having conveMdon
hinor ch@crcu wheie the
Then, in v'oladns rhe
ad
such as io hide
questiom
violate
lnlt all rhc nain
mdins ot CooFraliv€
eons theft dd
also wirh other
ol quln] was the most violared by
Coop€Elivc p.inc'ple, lney hav€
soe
rhem,
scvcnl
59
possible
Fes,
hiding r\e
Fd
F
ach
6
to
h, !o coqjder
oyq
$n@m
htertions! to snow thei. Eat
shos
trrat ahhoud &ey
conve^ing th€y sriil @
rhe
s
truttl lo ke.p a srel, ro berp en@lc
feling. to
t*lile dd b
Mvie
sononc,
ro hide
rh.
lide tlEi @t feelilg. ft als
iolaie tbe Daios of C6p€6tive principle
when
@lbuiqte @b o$e,
60
BTBLIOCRAPIIY
Amr.l I 'lo^?, a,,, puta r., ?ave.dh.n F"ricv d Vdct.
|
nu0: \M mtrdcon4r6ic nne_to,
.on.cturohbttr .
{a B s
t nd..:totLlhz qJ
'lo3q,
Perr.. Hdlt
Rscn^
*fr;*,f,.iT,'.* v
Arch.
ttes3)
U\,aE faA/i,,
Dinou.e
rri@u,.
,n,O Ircm
Neq
le^L|
'at'is clobddsc: cmbndsc
& Lc!in$n SC (tq87l. pot,kncss. Sone
ln ,j.,od, r N
. p*",ii
rrl.r,.rn, CmbridAe. CMbr ,lxe rnivhio pm*
r
P.
!8.
ciy,l,
u
li ;li|.l" ';:",:" ;;i:;
j,or,,r-"111'."
tsou|edse. Londun
Jnd ri.c,,L,.. a
yark
trd Neq
t..uur.. bhrt tl. n,rcl[.
De,k \\ I {lootr
hnD
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/?,/e\ o,, ,n,,,,ra RcFie\ed Vmh I
2OlO. Aon
ireohio skrc.dL. td( )0, :pri}o slidc,
r.wrrcs) ; ;r
d;
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vr/dmn .r +e (trikn v ms t,,i," L.u_t Cm Flosla
. n_.tq _-.lit
::^koto$ )b .! '!4!.. Rehe\eJ qont ,2 )0.0, r,un
nrAr\^^e nsw ctsnch.Jra
hsvx/BJ Dp22a
di
C,ilp_ut4 I p' odc ,2ut1. uq\,dt \,F ot t\. ajl
Rchc\cJ \bri,a
rol hrr Ldw..s oT 'hls !o!. FA Ien{od"\too
6r:'p.'n'l nfind \€b s.k.
hnp.?w
Criq
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-fi
Aos!ipginsho! org/
p. , ra7jr. I oEj.
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'luoa.. Rche\(d ADnr
t,. lnt0, t.,,m
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rrd r.
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4,,r,op 4 i..8,. \ek
,ron?' r?amJdc Ancryr",,flhr \.Fp\
ot
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*
lt Ktr4\,.
ft,.-, 2utn. rn,m
^.rq,t
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;_: :,,"" :,., l:*,
2
tu.ti?ct. org, n dc ueJutonT0r ucalu2onTort! p{t.
1.
Jh. w'.,20n8i Aral. ..s or r_o, \cus.iorJ. tnpt
kk
uht.ry.r.Lruat al rngh:h IJrrl,s aa,. F;he\ed s rn scri lc ao lcil
vm.h.a, /0,u, tmm
w*.rbsuNt.ors.c,tdodsu200809/su2oo8o9l
0
nlf
Lech, c. N. (t 983). I/,rrqter o/prosDdrJ
Lodon:
Leviaon. S. C.
( 1983).
tnnslm
.prz*zarir. Cebrdsej Cmbridge !n,!e6ny
!Ess.
I
IN GASS'P
Stbniled
ih
fot
i?/i'
TV SERIES
Pttli
FuntuMt ta tte R.quirwnt
th. D.pft. ofsdtjd"a sa'tm
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT _ FACULTY OF LETTERS
AN'DALAS IINT!'ERSITY
PADANC
2010
AI}STRAK
Dalm skripsi ini didalisis pdasgam matsin nalsin kftia sma yans
dilatukan oleh karak€FkaBkler ltama dalm senal Tv C'si' C,, rdg
diby gka pada bnu 2007. TujB pen€lilid i.i adalah mtuk me.ss@bukr
peldssdd st&sin-naksin keia sma oFn kankelkaraka utd.,
nenenutu alsd,
naksin-natsin
kcis satn0
als$n neEka dalflo rnelalukm lelansedan
frenentukm pelossam yana pding knng dilakuld. dm
Dai5 dikmpulkm
dcnss
nerrrli
metodc obscnBi, (obenoliotul netho
teknik p€ncatatan, kemudim dikelompol&s dal@
bentit pctalapm
Dab dimalisis nengguald nelod€ tade tnemaik dcnse lsri Grice 11975)
l94lane priNip kedasna. malsin hatsin kedama dan pelmssam nalsim'
maksin k€rja sma ydg lerdiii ddi empal jenis matsin seita lcon konreks oleh
HlDes. Seldjutnl€. hsil dtlhis dilapoldu d€lse melode fomal ds
Ddi pen€lilid ini. hNl ymg didapal nenujukta h,!wr p.nutur dalan
sial TV Gosrjp Ctl nelakul& 22 pclmscam nalsim'na,lsin l€& sna
deng@ ftekuensi sebagai benk : 6 (27.3%) pelegsmn maksih (.trtih. I I
(50%) p€ldegam nalsin liualitas, 3 (13,6%) pelmggm malsin rclevdsi
dd 2 (9,1%) p.ldgsuo nalsim cm. Ddi keseluNhm dard. naksib kulilas
nddpalm nalsin yds pali.s si.g dil 88d oleh tmke! k&rlter ut@a
ddm Scnal ry C.$? Girl ini. Dalm pcrcakapan rcsebll jrgr dn€nulr
b€rbagai kemunslii@ 61as me@ka meldege nalsinnaksim teda ssa
leffbul mda lain mirL nenyedbuyikm faha. nenbstu sessha
mcnyenbuntikd faha le^e6nl, menyenbuyikr n€ram meFka yag
sbdmya, nenymbunyitd naksud terlentu, Denp€ninbmekm pmsn
onnc 15i., menunjulr,n F!:s@, nembuat lelucm da jusa unrul fr€njaea
acusi n ek didcPU Publik G?Yi,s/ac?).
C1IAPIER
I
INTRODIJCTTON
1.
r B*keround oftheStudy
When
hllins a
convcBation, p€ople hop. lhal their inrenlion
l.
l'
o$u
he
F.oaniTed
bt .rhets
.onleuirs
They art suptosc.d 10 respond 10 each olher by givjnslhe needed
TheElbE, $ey n€ed
usetul infomalion lbr bolh of thcn to
n,nherelftctilc conmunicatun The
coop.ratc ca.h
cotrmd me ingtul
re
aact lhaLpeople
whcn
rd
convcBarion ior
cooperalins is thc basjc
I
assrnplion made in conlc63tion. Grice (1975) lhe. proposed this dsumplion
as
ihe gs€ral principle in a convsation.l oopcmlion. n.med Cooncdtive
Prinlirle which
rtqlired.
ms
ar rhe srage ar wnich
dre ralk cxchmAe in
obsered
as: Mare tour converotional contnbud.n Nch rs n
!,
it @.n6. by rhe accepred Furpos or diEclion
rl
ct
be
*hich ydn de e.gaged. lbis g€ e.rl prirciple
all thc pdicipants in ralk md cxchdses, eilhd spealcr (r) or
Ir recns dul bolh ol thc pdicipmls dc
$ficie.l. sincft dd cled intomalion
B€sides, in
supposed
lo
h*€r
provide the
ord( to have a ooperalive
coDvcnation. borh ol rhc pdicipmG musl also rcld lo the sonlexl when lney
convesins.
L€(h
knoNledse dsun€d
,
sinrerp4rarion
(1983) sbted
10 be
th,t $e
contexl
shaEd by the padiciplnls
of{hals meds
cm bc my
rd
vill
backercund
conbibulcs to
shos $al, t !fti/:
nsed
sd€tuding ab.ut wh.l is
being
by a givcn nncFncc Ii
to havc shaEd leosledec to dEw nuturl
which
@
comunicated by r since people did .ol ahays say uhdt the]
mess.ges which
sri
ned. Tren,
ro convey by r can be recogniz&l and inlerprered
by n md misu.deblsding
cd
bc avoidcd.
co tcliy
flGcfon, cne (I97s) spcciicd
rde $at nusr be lho obrded Nhcn convesine Mlled ndim. Tncrc
maxims, nmed
the
m
a
four
maim olqudlily. qnalily, Elevonl md n.Mcr
rlo{ever. soneLins rhe heder
c
nisnnde^tmd whal
sFeaker means by
hh/ler unemnces since fie spc2kcr nay spc* umopcralivcl.y bt .ol tulliuing
Tnca arc many qays in.o1 lulfillins mdin, (he oa inen is by
'ules
liol ins i1. in violaling tn. n im, Oilce (19?s) slalcd lhat thc spcakd will
rhe
quietly md unonenllliouslt disl&d lhc
nor kno$
inplicanft
$c lfuth dd will only undersbi $€
(cnuing. 2000).
11
surl,ce nca.!!rg ofthe wods
meds that lhe spealer will delibenlely make lne
*r.nglt dsnncs rhal they dc
insumcient,
S/he rvill makc thc hcard
hscr
cooi)cntinc by saying sonelhins {hich insincere,
ineler,nr.r drbisuous.
'ne violation ol mdins ould
en*led a;,s? a;irl
11
is
bed
be fomd in one of
Amenc Tv
Senes
on rccn book scnes rriflen by Cecily von
ziceesd. Ir rells aboul Ihe sddalous lile al Lhcpnvilcgcd tccnascs atlcndina
etne prirate school on
Series is
Mdhand s Uppc tLsl Sidc h New Yo.k Cily. This Tv
. nix ol conedy, drda md mnrce
problens lboul lorc slory
od
thc
witei n
Tlere
m nmy compliaEd
ftiendship. Somelines in lhcing those problens,
the main chmcteN lend 10 violale thc
{hy
s
ffiims
duing then mrr6arion. Thal ls
inEreslcd in Daling lhis TV Ssi€s
a
lnaly,ine $c !iolalion olnaxins of Cooperalivs Principle
h.t $uicc ofd.L in
IV
CTIAPTER
CONCI,IJSION
In this chapter lhe witer preFnls thc Huh of lhe dab malysis in
violiing the ndins ol C@pemlive Pnnciple lbund in Amqice TV
Gossip Giri. Aner ealyzing th€ conveGation in the TV Series.
conclude thar
all of tbe main chamtcs violatc the
Pnnciplc. E&h
pcrfoMcc
of vioiarion
wib
on the alalysis
ndim of quality. It is showed
ndim
done by
lhe convesalio.s has each
all the main clmcr€n
IdiN
in conve$tior
violations could be lomd in conveMtion 2- 4,5, ?,8,9.11,
mdin
th€ nain choscLers violale this
non soneone
which happs in
ndim
else by
inlention. lo consider sneone s
becaus they
sdls
lellinsa lie. Tney al$
min
naln cha@ters in
of
q@lity
$k fv
ndim
ud
d
H@, N well
ne wici
md 16
ndih
1o
is
tlm
dc
of
4 md 9. Most
lo help sommnc
feeling, ro hide Fal
fae in lrod olpublic.
which mosr violated by rhe
finds six
perfomaes
by the main chmclcn in .onvcrulion
the violation ofquality
Tne
covei Lhe uu$s or
]mr
eal
d to sare their
is the seond
Scrics.
violadns the qudrity
14.
leelins
ll
conv*tion
hiding thoe faca, to prcre{t son@ne, to hide lhet
Ncxl.
Coop€mriv€
by the percentage as s0 oZ. Il hapFns elden limes
ftod twnty two t€.lommccs of violalion of
hide screls
of
ofsi{t€en convNtions in the pEwious chapbr, rhe
finds rhd the nost violatcd
lwo limcs violalion ofthis
de Mite. cu
othf.
conrexl which iniluences 4ch
led
oanains i!
ldins
Scncs
ndin,
there
lls
(27,3olo)
l, 6, 7,
of
10,
a]ro tuo times
of violarion of qMrity
is
i. convGdion l.
mdid
by iwo nain ch@cre6 in
The possi6le
eMs
in violaring
se
conv@rion rhal
tis mdin
a€ b€sBe rhey
wmrs to cocide! eneone s feling. lo convin@ son@ne md to s[ow rhen rca]
6
fseling such
dieppoinfinent or asc! by being no.e or
'fte violdion mdim of rele! 1 h
main
rhe next
t€&s
naim
injbmarive.
whjch is
liot
cd 6y
ch@teB ir Go.r? C;t Irr' Scries. ft is proved by lnc Fdquency for abour
13.6%
(LbE p€raomecet ftom rwe y rvo perfomecs of violation of
ndins
ofcooperalive Principle. ir bappcB in conv@lion 1. 2, md 12. l'h€
ndin bea@ ofsevcr, possible rdons,
sain chaEd€n violale this
consid€r sm@ne s feeling, to hidc their Eal feelins
Fin&lly, tne
tiolared
so
wii(
finds rhat
tines by the maii
tie
ch@le6
o'ny happens in hvo convmtions dar
ltrer
e
two
perfotues
violation ot
in G.,rrrp
e
dd rre
do
ro bide rhei..eal
nm* nain wd only
c,r/ Tv
Senes. This viotation
in conv@tion
(9,1%l ot this violarion of
such
3
ndins
d !5. Ir mees
ftom
lvelty
tw
pcrfom&es of violatio. oi ndins of Coopennre prnEipte. in viotating Lhis
naim,
they have sone tossible
lsons,
hide $n€rhing Aon their interlocutor
Tnese conclusions
chmctes in Afrdic&
Pnnciple
whft fiey
e
cd
ry
mswa the
Series
l]win
lrHins of
den @l i,ldrion,
1o
a1$ to coNide. son@ne's feeli.g.
6,Ntp
Esmh
6rl
having conveMdon
hinor ch@crcu wheie the
Then, in v'oladns rhe
ad
such as io hide
questiom
violate
lnlt all rhc nain
mdins ot CooFraliv€
eons theft dd
also wirh other
ol quln] was the most violared by
Coop€Elivc p.inc'ple, lney hav€
soe
rhem,
scvcnl
59
possible
Fes,
hiding r\e
Fd
F
ach
6
to
h, !o coqjder
oyq
$n@m
htertions! to snow thei. Eat
shos
trrat ahhoud &ey
conve^ing th€y sriil @
rhe
s
truttl lo ke.p a srel, ro berp en@lc
feling. to
t*lile dd b
Mvie
sononc,
ro hide
rh.
lide tlEi @t feelilg. ft als
iolaie tbe Daios of C6p€6tive principle
when
@lbuiqte @b o$e,
60
BTBLIOCRAPIIY
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0
nlf
Lech, c. N. (t 983). I/,rrqter o/prosDdrJ
Lodon:
Leviaon. S. C.
( 1983).
tnnslm
.prz*zarir. Cebrdsej Cmbridge !n,!e6ny
!Ess.
I