POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF DIRECTIVE UTTERANCE IN THE FILM OF TOTAL RECALL AND ITS SUBTITLE Politeness Strategies Of Directive Utterance In The Film Of Total Recall And Its Subtitle.
POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF DIRECTIVE UTTERANCE
IN THE FILM OF TOTAL RECALL AND ITS SUBTITLE
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
Proposed by:
LINDA PRASTIWI
A320100176
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2014
MOTTO
“Hai orang-orang yang beriman, jadikanlah sabar dan shalatmu sebagai
penolongmu, sesungguhnya Allah beserta orang-orang yang sabar”
(Al-Baqarah: 153)
“Allah meninggikan orang-orang yang beriman diantara kamu dan orangorang yang diberi ilmu pengetahuan beberapa derajat”
(Depag RI, 1989:421)
“You will not find happiness merely by seeking happiness. You will find
happiness when you are too busy thinking about happiness while working
hard to make your family”
(Mario Teguh)
“Pray hard in every working hard to get the best result”
(The Writer)
v
DEDICATION
This research will be proudly present to:
Her beloved mother
Her beloved father
Her beloved little brother
Her beloved grandparents
Her friends
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
First of all, the writer would like to thankful to Allah SWT who has given
blessing and guidance for her to finish her work well. Sholawat and Salam are
also for our prophet Muhammad SAW who brings us from the darkness to the
lightness.
This research paper will be incomplete and successful with support of
participants who always give the strength to her when she finishing this work. The
writer would like to thanks to:
1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko P, as the Dean of the Faculty of School of Teacher
Training and Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
2. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D, as the Chief of English Department for
permitting to conduct this research paper.
3. Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M.Hum, as the first consultant who gives her
help, guidance, advice, supports and corrections of finishing this research
paper patiently.
4. Dr. Dwi Haryanti, M.Hum, as the second consultant who gives her
guidance, suggestions, information and correction of finishing this
research paper patiently.
vii
5. Her beloved father (Sunarto) and mother (Partinah) who always give their
support, love, and pray persistently, so that she can finish this work well.
6. Her little brothers Pebri and Haris that always disturb and joke when she
finish this work but always give love and support to her.
7. Her beloved friends especially her best friend “Betty, Ika, Heppy, Anna,
Inner, Linda, Dewi (ngapak), Rohmah, Ambar” for their love, pray,
support, care to her.
8. Her beloved one “Mas Agung” that always support, care, and joke when
she finishing this work.
The writer realizes that this research is still far from the perfection. The
beneficial critics and suggestion are very needed to make this research better than
before. At last but not the last, the writer hopes this research can be useful to
everyone who read it.
Wassalamualaikum Wr. Wb.
Surakarta, March 2014
The writer
viii
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE ..............................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL.....................................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE ..............................................................................................
iii
TESTIMONY ..................................................................................................
iv
MOTTO ..........................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION ................................................................................................
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ..............................................................................
vii
TABLE OF CONTENT ...................................................................................
ix
LIST OF TABLE ............................................................................................
xiii
LIST OF ABBREVATIONS ..........................................................................
xiv
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................
xv
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study ............................................................
1
B. Previous Study ............................................................................
4
C. Problem Statement ......................................................................
5
E. Objective of the Study.................................................................
5
F. Limitation of the Study ..............................................................
6
F. Benefit of the Study.....................................................................
6
G. Research Paper Organization .....................................................
7
CHAPTER II UNDERLYING THEORY
A. Pragmatics .................................................................................
ix
9
B. Directive Utterance .....................................................................
12
1. Commanding ..........................................................................
12
2. Requesting .............................................................................
13
3. Suggestion ...............................................................................
13
C. Politeness ....................................................................................
13
1. The Notion of Face according Brown and Levinson ..............
15
a. Positive Face.......................................................................
15
b. Negative Face .....................................................................
15
2. Politeness Strategies ..............................................................
16
a. Bald on Record ...................................................................
16
b. Positive Politeness..............................................................
18
c. Negative Politeness ............................................................
24
d. Off Record ..........................................................................
29
D. Context........................................................................................
34
E. Translation .................................................................................
34
1. Notion of Translation .............................................................
34
2. Translation Equivalence ........................................................
35
F. Subtitling ....................................................................................
37
1. Notion of Subtitling ................................................................
37
2. Strategy in Subtitling .............................................................
37
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
A. Type of Research .......................................................................
39
B. Object of Research .....................................................................
39
x
C. Data and Data Source .................................................................
39
D. Method of Collecting Data ........................................................
39
E. Method of Analyzing Data .........................................................
40
CHAPTER IV FINDING AND DISCUSSION
A. Research Result .........................................................................
42
1. The Equivalence of Illocution of Directive Utterance ............
42
a) Commanding ......................................................................
43
b) Requesting ........................................................................
49
c) Suggesting .........................................................................
57
d) Prohibiting ........................................................................
60
e) Warning .............................................................................
66
2. The Equivalence of the Politeness Strategies ........................
69
a) Bald on Record ..................................................................
69
b) Positive Politeness ............................................................
80
c) Negative Politeness ...........................................................
87
d) Off Record ........................................................................
90
B. Discussion ..................................................................................
93
1. The Equivalence of Illocution of Directive Utterance ............
93
2. The Equivalence of the Politeness Strategies ........................
96
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion .................................................................................
101
B. Suggestion ..................................................................................
102
BIBLIOGRAPHY ...........................................................................................
103
xi
VIRTUAL REFERENCE ...............................................................................
104
APPENDIX .....................................................................................................
105
xii
LIST OF TABLE
Table 4.1 The Equivalence of the speaker’s Illocution ................................
94
Table 4.2 The Equivalence of the Politeness Strategies ...............................
96
Table 4.3 The Integration of Equivalence of Speaker’s illocution and
Equivalence of the politeness Strategies of the Directive
Utterance ......................................................................................
xiii
98
LIST OF ABBREVATION
TR
: Total Recall
SL
: Source Language
TL
: Target Language
Q
: Equivalent
NQ : Non Equivalent
xiv
ABSTRACT
Linda Prastiwi, A320100176. POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF DIRECTIVE
UTTERANCE IN THE FILM OF TOTAL RECALL AND ITS SUBTITLE.
Research Paper. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, 2014
This research aims at describing the equivalence of the illocution and the
politeness strategies of directive utterances in the film of Total Recall and its
subtitle.
The type of this research is descriptive qualitative research which the
writer uses documentation and observation method as the method of collecting
data. The data of this research are sentences containing directive utterances and
their subtitle. The data sources are films manuscript in both English and
Indonesian versions.
The result of the research shows that firstly, the equivalent and non
equivalent of speaker’s illocution of directive utterances. From 48 data finding
there are 43 data or 89, 58% are equivalent and 5 data or 10, 42% is non
equivalent. The most data equivalent of the speaker’s illocution in the form of
requesting utterance, 14 data or 29, 17%, while the most data non equivalence of
the speaker’s illocution in the form commanding and requesting. It has 2 data or 4,
17% of each utterance. Secondly, the equivalent and non equivalent of the
politeness strategies of directive utterances. From 48 data finding, there are 44
data (91, 67%) are equivalence and 4 data (8, 33%) are not equivalence. . The
most data equivalence of the politeness strategies in the film of Total Recall and
its subtitle is in the form bald on record, it is 27 data (55, 25%), while the most
data non equivalence of the politeness strategies is in the form bald on record and
positive politeness. Each has 2 data or 4, 17%.
Key words: politeness strategies, directive utterance, subtitle, speaker’s illocution,
equivalence.
xv
IN THE FILM OF TOTAL RECALL AND ITS SUBTITLE
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
Proposed by:
LINDA PRASTIWI
A320100176
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2014
MOTTO
“Hai orang-orang yang beriman, jadikanlah sabar dan shalatmu sebagai
penolongmu, sesungguhnya Allah beserta orang-orang yang sabar”
(Al-Baqarah: 153)
“Allah meninggikan orang-orang yang beriman diantara kamu dan orangorang yang diberi ilmu pengetahuan beberapa derajat”
(Depag RI, 1989:421)
“You will not find happiness merely by seeking happiness. You will find
happiness when you are too busy thinking about happiness while working
hard to make your family”
(Mario Teguh)
“Pray hard in every working hard to get the best result”
(The Writer)
v
DEDICATION
This research will be proudly present to:
Her beloved mother
Her beloved father
Her beloved little brother
Her beloved grandparents
Her friends
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
First of all, the writer would like to thankful to Allah SWT who has given
blessing and guidance for her to finish her work well. Sholawat and Salam are
also for our prophet Muhammad SAW who brings us from the darkness to the
lightness.
This research paper will be incomplete and successful with support of
participants who always give the strength to her when she finishing this work. The
writer would like to thanks to:
1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko P, as the Dean of the Faculty of School of Teacher
Training and Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
2. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D, as the Chief of English Department for
permitting to conduct this research paper.
3. Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M.Hum, as the first consultant who gives her
help, guidance, advice, supports and corrections of finishing this research
paper patiently.
4. Dr. Dwi Haryanti, M.Hum, as the second consultant who gives her
guidance, suggestions, information and correction of finishing this
research paper patiently.
vii
5. Her beloved father (Sunarto) and mother (Partinah) who always give their
support, love, and pray persistently, so that she can finish this work well.
6. Her little brothers Pebri and Haris that always disturb and joke when she
finish this work but always give love and support to her.
7. Her beloved friends especially her best friend “Betty, Ika, Heppy, Anna,
Inner, Linda, Dewi (ngapak), Rohmah, Ambar” for their love, pray,
support, care to her.
8. Her beloved one “Mas Agung” that always support, care, and joke when
she finishing this work.
The writer realizes that this research is still far from the perfection. The
beneficial critics and suggestion are very needed to make this research better than
before. At last but not the last, the writer hopes this research can be useful to
everyone who read it.
Wassalamualaikum Wr. Wb.
Surakarta, March 2014
The writer
viii
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE ..............................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL.....................................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE ..............................................................................................
iii
TESTIMONY ..................................................................................................
iv
MOTTO ..........................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION ................................................................................................
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ..............................................................................
vii
TABLE OF CONTENT ...................................................................................
ix
LIST OF TABLE ............................................................................................
xiii
LIST OF ABBREVATIONS ..........................................................................
xiv
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................
xv
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study ............................................................
1
B. Previous Study ............................................................................
4
C. Problem Statement ......................................................................
5
E. Objective of the Study.................................................................
5
F. Limitation of the Study ..............................................................
6
F. Benefit of the Study.....................................................................
6
G. Research Paper Organization .....................................................
7
CHAPTER II UNDERLYING THEORY
A. Pragmatics .................................................................................
ix
9
B. Directive Utterance .....................................................................
12
1. Commanding ..........................................................................
12
2. Requesting .............................................................................
13
3. Suggestion ...............................................................................
13
C. Politeness ....................................................................................
13
1. The Notion of Face according Brown and Levinson ..............
15
a. Positive Face.......................................................................
15
b. Negative Face .....................................................................
15
2. Politeness Strategies ..............................................................
16
a. Bald on Record ...................................................................
16
b. Positive Politeness..............................................................
18
c. Negative Politeness ............................................................
24
d. Off Record ..........................................................................
29
D. Context........................................................................................
34
E. Translation .................................................................................
34
1. Notion of Translation .............................................................
34
2. Translation Equivalence ........................................................
35
F. Subtitling ....................................................................................
37
1. Notion of Subtitling ................................................................
37
2. Strategy in Subtitling .............................................................
37
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
A. Type of Research .......................................................................
39
B. Object of Research .....................................................................
39
x
C. Data and Data Source .................................................................
39
D. Method of Collecting Data ........................................................
39
E. Method of Analyzing Data .........................................................
40
CHAPTER IV FINDING AND DISCUSSION
A. Research Result .........................................................................
42
1. The Equivalence of Illocution of Directive Utterance ............
42
a) Commanding ......................................................................
43
b) Requesting ........................................................................
49
c) Suggesting .........................................................................
57
d) Prohibiting ........................................................................
60
e) Warning .............................................................................
66
2. The Equivalence of the Politeness Strategies ........................
69
a) Bald on Record ..................................................................
69
b) Positive Politeness ............................................................
80
c) Negative Politeness ...........................................................
87
d) Off Record ........................................................................
90
B. Discussion ..................................................................................
93
1. The Equivalence of Illocution of Directive Utterance ............
93
2. The Equivalence of the Politeness Strategies ........................
96
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion .................................................................................
101
B. Suggestion ..................................................................................
102
BIBLIOGRAPHY ...........................................................................................
103
xi
VIRTUAL REFERENCE ...............................................................................
104
APPENDIX .....................................................................................................
105
xii
LIST OF TABLE
Table 4.1 The Equivalence of the speaker’s Illocution ................................
94
Table 4.2 The Equivalence of the Politeness Strategies ...............................
96
Table 4.3 The Integration of Equivalence of Speaker’s illocution and
Equivalence of the politeness Strategies of the Directive
Utterance ......................................................................................
xiii
98
LIST OF ABBREVATION
TR
: Total Recall
SL
: Source Language
TL
: Target Language
Q
: Equivalent
NQ : Non Equivalent
xiv
ABSTRACT
Linda Prastiwi, A320100176. POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF DIRECTIVE
UTTERANCE IN THE FILM OF TOTAL RECALL AND ITS SUBTITLE.
Research Paper. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, 2014
This research aims at describing the equivalence of the illocution and the
politeness strategies of directive utterances in the film of Total Recall and its
subtitle.
The type of this research is descriptive qualitative research which the
writer uses documentation and observation method as the method of collecting
data. The data of this research are sentences containing directive utterances and
their subtitle. The data sources are films manuscript in both English and
Indonesian versions.
The result of the research shows that firstly, the equivalent and non
equivalent of speaker’s illocution of directive utterances. From 48 data finding
there are 43 data or 89, 58% are equivalent and 5 data or 10, 42% is non
equivalent. The most data equivalent of the speaker’s illocution in the form of
requesting utterance, 14 data or 29, 17%, while the most data non equivalence of
the speaker’s illocution in the form commanding and requesting. It has 2 data or 4,
17% of each utterance. Secondly, the equivalent and non equivalent of the
politeness strategies of directive utterances. From 48 data finding, there are 44
data (91, 67%) are equivalence and 4 data (8, 33%) are not equivalence. . The
most data equivalence of the politeness strategies in the film of Total Recall and
its subtitle is in the form bald on record, it is 27 data (55, 25%), while the most
data non equivalence of the politeness strategies is in the form bald on record and
positive politeness. Each has 2 data or 4, 17%.
Key words: politeness strategies, directive utterance, subtitle, speaker’s illocution,
equivalence.
xv