Pengaruh Variasi Campuran Dan Holding Time Terhadap Keramik Berpori Berbahan Dasar Tanah Lempung Dan Arang Aktif Sebagai Filter Uap Air

vi

PENGARUH VARIASI CAMPURAN DAN HOLDING TIME TERHADAP
KERAMIK BERPORI BERBAHAN DASAR TANAH LEMPUNG DAN
ARANG AKTIF SEBAGAI FILTER UAP AIR

ABSTRAK

Telah dibuat keramik berpori berbahan dasar tanah lempung dan arang aktif
dengan teknik cor. Tanah lempung dan arang aktif diayak dengan ayakan 200
mesh. Tanah lempung diaktivasi kimia menggunakan larutan H2SO4 6% dengan
magnetic and hot plate stirrer serta diaktivasi fisika pada suhu 300 0C. Keramik
dicetak dengan teknik slip casting dengan perbandingan variasi campuran tanah
lempung : arang aktif 100% : 0% ; 90% : 10% ; 80% : 20% ; 70% : 30% dan 60%
: 40%. Keramik disintering dengan suhu sintering 1000 0C dengan variasi holding
time 2 jam ; 3 jam dan 4 jam. Keramik dikarakterisasi untuk menentukan sifat
fisis (serapan air dan porositas), sifat mekanis (kuat tekan dan kekerasan),
morfologi permukaan dan ukuran pori (SEM), kandungan unsur (EDX). Hasil
karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa variasi optimum terjadi pada campuran tanah
lempung dan arang aktif 80% : 20% dengan holding time 2 jam dengan nilai
serapan air = 36,27% ; porositas = 50,74% ; kuat tekan = 9,8 MPa dan kekerasan

= 184,73 MPa. Morfologi permukaan (SEM) menunjukkan bahwa variasi
optimum memiliki pori yang lebih banyak dan tersebar merata dengan ukuran
diameter pori rata-rata = 8,606 µm serta kandungan unsur (EDX) yaitu unsur O =
58,11% ; Si = 24,04% ; Al = 12,33% ; Na = 3,06% ; K = 2,51% ; Ca = 2,22 % ; Fe
= 2,01% ; Mg = 1,60% dan C

= 1,54%. Pengujian daya adsorpsi uap air

menunjukkan nilai konsentrasi hidrogen maksimum yang dilewatkan = 61,87%
pada menit ke – 77 dengan tegangan keluaran maksimum = 3,09 Volt pada menit
ke – 98.
Kata kunci : lempung, arang aktif, keramik berpori, filter, adsorpsi uap air.

Universitas Sumatera Utara

vii

INFLUENCE OF VARIED COMPOSITION AND HOLDING TIME ON
POROUS CERAMIC BASED ON LOAM AND ACTIVATED CHARCOAL
AS WATER VAPOR FILTER

ABSTRACT

Fabrication of porous ceramic based on loam and activated charcoal had been
done using slip casting method. Loam and activated charcoal sifted with 200 mesh
sized sieve. Loam was activated chemically with 6% H2SO4 solution using
magnetic and hot plate stirrer and also activated physically with heated in 300 0C.
Ceramic molded with slip casting method and mixed up with varied composition
ratio of loam and activated charcoal 100% : 0% ; 90% : 10% ; 80% : 20% ; 70% :
30% and 60% : 40% . Ceramic sintered with 10000C sintering temperature and
varied holding time 2 hours ; 3 hours and 4 hours. Ceramic characterized wi.
From the examination, the value of physical properties measured as water
absorption and porosity and also from mechanical properties measured as pressure
strength and hardness given an optimum value in ceramic that varied in
composition of loam and activated charcoal in 80% : 20% and sintered with
varied holding time 2 hours. Ceramic characterized to determine physical
properties (water absorption and porosity), mechanical properties (compressive
strength and hardness), surface morphology and pore size (SEM), elemental
mapping (EDX). Result of characterization show that optimum variation occurs
on loam and activated charcoal composition 80% : 20% with 2 hours holding time

with water absorption = 36,27%; porosity = 50,74%; compressive strength = 9,8
MPa and hardness = 184,73 MPa. Surface morphology (SEM) shows that
optimum variation has more pores and spread equally with average pore size =
8.606 µm and also elemental mapping (EDX) are O = 58,11% ; Si = 24,04% ; Al
= 12,33% ; Na = 3,06% ; K = 2,51% ; Ca = 2,22 % ; Fe = 2,01% ; Mg = 1,60%
and C = 1,54%. Water vapor adsorption test show that maximum hydrogen

Universitas Sumatera Utara

viii

concentration passed = 61.87% in 77th minutes with output voltage = 3.09 Volt in
98th minutes.

Keywords : loam, activated charcoal, porous ceramic, filter, water vapor
adsorption.

Universitas Sumatera Utara