T BING 1006939 Table of content
TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECLARATION ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ------------------------------------------------------------------- ii
ABSTRACT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ---------------------------------------------------------------------- iv
LIST OF FIGURES ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ix
LIST OF TABLES ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- x
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study ------------------------------------------------------------- 1
1.2 Statement of the Problems ------------------------------------------------------------ 3
1.3 Purpose of the Study ------------------------------------------------------------------ 4
1.4 Significance of the Study ------------------------------------------------------------- 4
1.5 Scope of the Study --------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
1.6 Clarification of Terms ----------------------------------------------------------------- 5
1.7 Thesis Organization ------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
Gartika Pandu B, 2014
ORAL CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK FOR STUDENTS OF DIFFERENT PROFICIENCY LEVELS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
CHAPTER II: THEORITICAL REVIEW
2.1 Corrective Feedback------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
2.1.1 Types of Corrective Feedback ----------------------------------------------- 7
2.1.1.1 Recast --------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
2.1.1.2 Explicit Correction ------------------------------------------------------- 10
2.1.1.3 Repetition ----------------------------------------------------------------- 11
2.1.1.4 Clarification Request ----------------------------------------------------- 12
2.1.1.5 Metalinguistic Feedback ------------------------------------------------- 13
2.1.1.6 Elicitation ----------------------------------------------------------------- 14
2.1.1.7 Paralinguistic Signal ----------------------------------------------------- 16
2.1.1.8 Translation ---------------------------------------------------------------- 16
2.1.2 Benefits and Drawbacks of Corrective Feedback ------------------------- 18
2.1.2.1 Benefits -------------------------------------------------------------------- 18
2.1.2.2 Drawbacks ---------------------------------------------------------------- 20
2.1.3 Factors Influencing the Use of Corrective Feedback --------------------- 23
2.1.3.1 Internal Factors ----------------------------------------------------------- 23
2.1.3.2 Eksternal Factors --------------------------------------------------------- 26
2.2 Uptake ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27
2.2.1 Types of Uptake--------------------------------------------------------------- 28
Gartika Pandu B, 2014
ORAL CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK FOR STUDENTS OF DIFFERENT PROFICIENCY LEVELS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
2.3 Students’ Attitude --------------------------------------------------------------------- 32
2.4 Previous Studies ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 34
2.5 Concluding Remarks ------------------------------------------------------------------ 37
CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY
3.1 Setting ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 38
3.2 Participants ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 38
3.3 Research Design ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 39
3.4 Data Collection Techniques ---------------------------------------------------------- 40
3.4.1 Observation -------------------------------------------------------------------- 40
3.4.2 Interview ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 41
3.5 Data Analysis -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 43
3.5.1 Analyzing the Data
from Video Recording ------------------------------------------------------- 43
3.5.2 Analyzing the Data from Interview ----------------------------------------- 46
3.5.3 Concluding Remarks --------------------------------------------------------- 46
CHAPTER IV: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Oral Corrective Feedback for Students of Different Proficiency Levels -------- 47
4.1.1 Data gainned from Observation --------------------------------------------- 47
Gartika Pandu B, 2014
ORAL CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK FOR STUDENTS OF DIFFERENT PROFICIENCY LEVELS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
4.1.1.1 Recast --------------------------------------------------------------------- 49
4.1.1.2 Elicitation ----------------------------------------------------------------- 52
4.1.1.3 Metalinguistic Feedback ------------------------------------------------- 54
4.1.1.4 Translation ---------------------------------------------------------------- 56
4.1.1.5 Clarification Request ----------------------------------------------------- 58
4.1.1.6 Explicit Correction ------------------------------------------------------- 60
4.1.1.7 Repetition ----------------------------------------------------------------- 62
4.1.1.8 Paralinguistic Signal ----------------------------------------------------- 63
4.1.2 Data Gained from Interview with the Teacher ---------------------------- 65
4.2 The Type of Corrective Feedback
Contributing More to the Uptake ---------------------------------------------------- 69
4.2.1 Data gainned from Observation --------------------------------------------- 69
4.2.1.1 Uptake Following Corrective Feedback
In Low Level ------------------------------------------------------------------ 69
4.2.1.2 Uptake Following Corrective Feedback
In Mid Level------------------------------------------------------------------- 73
4.2.1.3 Uptake Following Corrective Feedback
In High Level------------------------------------------------------------------ 76
4.2.2 Data Gained from Interview with the Teacher ---------------------------- 77
4.3 Students’ Attitude to the Use of Oral Corrective Feedback ---------------------- 78
Gartika Pandu B, 2014
ORAL CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK FOR STUDENTS OF DIFFERENT PROFICIENCY LEVELS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
4.3.1 Cognitive Component ---------------------------------------------------------- 78
4.3.2 Affective Component ----------------------------------------------------------- 81
4.3.3 Behavioral Component --------------------------------------------------------- 84
4.4 Concluding Remarks ------------------------------------------------------------------ 86
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION, LIMITATION, AND RECOMENDATION
5.1 Conclusion------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 87
5.2 Limitation------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 88
5.3 Recomendation ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 89
REFERENCES --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 91
APPENDICES ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 102
Gartika Pandu B, 2014
ORAL CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK FOR STUDENTS OF DIFFERENT PROFICIENCY LEVELS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
LIST OF FIGURES
2.1 Attitude Component --------------------------------------------------------------------- 33
4.1 The Use of Recast in All Proficiency Levels ------------------------------------------ 50
4.2 The Use Elicitation in All Proficiency Levels ----------------------------------------- 52
4.3 The Use Metalinguistic Feedback in All Proficiency Levels------------------------- 54
4.4 The Use Translation in All Proficiency Levels ---------------------------------------- 56
4.5 The Use Clarification Request in All Proficiency Levels ---------------------------- 58
4.6 The Use Explicit Correction in All Proficiency Levels ------------------------------- 60
4.7 The Use Repetition in All Proficiency Levels ----------------------------------------- 62
4.8 The Use Paralinguistic Signal in All Proficiency Levels ----------------------------- 63
Gartika Pandu B, 2014
ORAL CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK FOR STUDENTS OF DIFFERENT PROFICIENCY LEVELS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
LIST OF TABLES
2.1 Types of Oral Corrective Feedback ------------------------------------------------------ 7
2.2 Taxonomy of Corrective Feedback Strategy -------------------------------------------- 18
3.1. Categorization of Corrective Feedback ------------------------------------------------- 44
3.2 Categorization of Uptake ----------------------------------------------------------------- 45
4.1 The Distribution of Corrective Feedback ----------------------------------------------- 48
4.2. Uptake Following Corrective Feedback in Low Level-------------------------------- 70
4.3 Uptake Following Corrective Feedback in Mid Level -------------------------------- 73
4.4 Uptake Following Corrective Feedback in High Level ------------------------------- 76
Gartika Pandu B, 2014
ORAL CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK FOR STUDENTS OF DIFFERENT PROFICIENCY LEVELS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DECLARATION ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ------------------------------------------------------------------- ii
ABSTRACT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ---------------------------------------------------------------------- iv
LIST OF FIGURES ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ix
LIST OF TABLES ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- x
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study ------------------------------------------------------------- 1
1.2 Statement of the Problems ------------------------------------------------------------ 3
1.3 Purpose of the Study ------------------------------------------------------------------ 4
1.4 Significance of the Study ------------------------------------------------------------- 4
1.5 Scope of the Study --------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
1.6 Clarification of Terms ----------------------------------------------------------------- 5
1.7 Thesis Organization ------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
Gartika Pandu B, 2014
ORAL CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK FOR STUDENTS OF DIFFERENT PROFICIENCY LEVELS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
CHAPTER II: THEORITICAL REVIEW
2.1 Corrective Feedback------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
2.1.1 Types of Corrective Feedback ----------------------------------------------- 7
2.1.1.1 Recast --------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
2.1.1.2 Explicit Correction ------------------------------------------------------- 10
2.1.1.3 Repetition ----------------------------------------------------------------- 11
2.1.1.4 Clarification Request ----------------------------------------------------- 12
2.1.1.5 Metalinguistic Feedback ------------------------------------------------- 13
2.1.1.6 Elicitation ----------------------------------------------------------------- 14
2.1.1.7 Paralinguistic Signal ----------------------------------------------------- 16
2.1.1.8 Translation ---------------------------------------------------------------- 16
2.1.2 Benefits and Drawbacks of Corrective Feedback ------------------------- 18
2.1.2.1 Benefits -------------------------------------------------------------------- 18
2.1.2.2 Drawbacks ---------------------------------------------------------------- 20
2.1.3 Factors Influencing the Use of Corrective Feedback --------------------- 23
2.1.3.1 Internal Factors ----------------------------------------------------------- 23
2.1.3.2 Eksternal Factors --------------------------------------------------------- 26
2.2 Uptake ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27
2.2.1 Types of Uptake--------------------------------------------------------------- 28
Gartika Pandu B, 2014
ORAL CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK FOR STUDENTS OF DIFFERENT PROFICIENCY LEVELS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
2.3 Students’ Attitude --------------------------------------------------------------------- 32
2.4 Previous Studies ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 34
2.5 Concluding Remarks ------------------------------------------------------------------ 37
CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY
3.1 Setting ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 38
3.2 Participants ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 38
3.3 Research Design ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 39
3.4 Data Collection Techniques ---------------------------------------------------------- 40
3.4.1 Observation -------------------------------------------------------------------- 40
3.4.2 Interview ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 41
3.5 Data Analysis -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 43
3.5.1 Analyzing the Data
from Video Recording ------------------------------------------------------- 43
3.5.2 Analyzing the Data from Interview ----------------------------------------- 46
3.5.3 Concluding Remarks --------------------------------------------------------- 46
CHAPTER IV: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Oral Corrective Feedback for Students of Different Proficiency Levels -------- 47
4.1.1 Data gainned from Observation --------------------------------------------- 47
Gartika Pandu B, 2014
ORAL CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK FOR STUDENTS OF DIFFERENT PROFICIENCY LEVELS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
4.1.1.1 Recast --------------------------------------------------------------------- 49
4.1.1.2 Elicitation ----------------------------------------------------------------- 52
4.1.1.3 Metalinguistic Feedback ------------------------------------------------- 54
4.1.1.4 Translation ---------------------------------------------------------------- 56
4.1.1.5 Clarification Request ----------------------------------------------------- 58
4.1.1.6 Explicit Correction ------------------------------------------------------- 60
4.1.1.7 Repetition ----------------------------------------------------------------- 62
4.1.1.8 Paralinguistic Signal ----------------------------------------------------- 63
4.1.2 Data Gained from Interview with the Teacher ---------------------------- 65
4.2 The Type of Corrective Feedback
Contributing More to the Uptake ---------------------------------------------------- 69
4.2.1 Data gainned from Observation --------------------------------------------- 69
4.2.1.1 Uptake Following Corrective Feedback
In Low Level ------------------------------------------------------------------ 69
4.2.1.2 Uptake Following Corrective Feedback
In Mid Level------------------------------------------------------------------- 73
4.2.1.3 Uptake Following Corrective Feedback
In High Level------------------------------------------------------------------ 76
4.2.2 Data Gained from Interview with the Teacher ---------------------------- 77
4.3 Students’ Attitude to the Use of Oral Corrective Feedback ---------------------- 78
Gartika Pandu B, 2014
ORAL CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK FOR STUDENTS OF DIFFERENT PROFICIENCY LEVELS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
4.3.1 Cognitive Component ---------------------------------------------------------- 78
4.3.2 Affective Component ----------------------------------------------------------- 81
4.3.3 Behavioral Component --------------------------------------------------------- 84
4.4 Concluding Remarks ------------------------------------------------------------------ 86
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION, LIMITATION, AND RECOMENDATION
5.1 Conclusion------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 87
5.2 Limitation------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 88
5.3 Recomendation ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 89
REFERENCES --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 91
APPENDICES ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 102
Gartika Pandu B, 2014
ORAL CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK FOR STUDENTS OF DIFFERENT PROFICIENCY LEVELS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
LIST OF FIGURES
2.1 Attitude Component --------------------------------------------------------------------- 33
4.1 The Use of Recast in All Proficiency Levels ------------------------------------------ 50
4.2 The Use Elicitation in All Proficiency Levels ----------------------------------------- 52
4.3 The Use Metalinguistic Feedback in All Proficiency Levels------------------------- 54
4.4 The Use Translation in All Proficiency Levels ---------------------------------------- 56
4.5 The Use Clarification Request in All Proficiency Levels ---------------------------- 58
4.6 The Use Explicit Correction in All Proficiency Levels ------------------------------- 60
4.7 The Use Repetition in All Proficiency Levels ----------------------------------------- 62
4.8 The Use Paralinguistic Signal in All Proficiency Levels ----------------------------- 63
Gartika Pandu B, 2014
ORAL CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK FOR STUDENTS OF DIFFERENT PROFICIENCY LEVELS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
LIST OF TABLES
2.1 Types of Oral Corrective Feedback ------------------------------------------------------ 7
2.2 Taxonomy of Corrective Feedback Strategy -------------------------------------------- 18
3.1. Categorization of Corrective Feedback ------------------------------------------------- 44
3.2 Categorization of Uptake ----------------------------------------------------------------- 45
4.1 The Distribution of Corrective Feedback ----------------------------------------------- 48
4.2. Uptake Following Corrective Feedback in Low Level-------------------------------- 70
4.3 Uptake Following Corrective Feedback in Mid Level -------------------------------- 73
4.4 Uptake Following Corrective Feedback in High Level ------------------------------- 76
Gartika Pandu B, 2014
ORAL CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK FOR STUDENTS OF DIFFERENT PROFICIENCY LEVELS
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu