ERROR ANALYSIS IN SUBJET-VERB AGREEMENT FOUND IN STUDENTS’ WRITING AT LANGUAGE TRAINING CENTER OF UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH YOGYAKARTA H. BAB IV ANIKO
33
Chapter Four
Finding and Discussion
This section presented the findings and discussions of this research. This
section gave the answer about two research questions. The first research question
is “what are the error types made by the students in using subject-verb agreement
at LTC UMY?”. The second research question is “what are the error quantities
made by the students in using subject-verb agreement at LTC UMY?” Then, the
researcher discussed general finding of data.
The Errors of Subject-Verb Agreement Found in Essay Writing at LTC of
UMY
The researcher would classified the subject-verb agreement error
production into four classification which were four types of error. Accoding to
Ellis (2003), there were four error types, addition, misformation, misordering and
omission. This reseach found all error types in the data analysis. Furthermore, it
will explain more datails about the finding where also answering the first research
question about error type that found in essay writing class in using subject-verb
agreement at LTC of UMY.
Error classifications. Below is presented the details of finding the
subject-verb agreement error from seven keywords I, we, you, they, she, he and it
according with error types. Those error classifications were omission, addition,
misformation, and misordering (Ellis, 2003). Those errors occurred in essay
writing class at LTC of UMY. Then, the details of error classification will be
discussed below in order to answer the first research question.
34
Misformations. Misformation describes the wrong form of grammatical
structure in the utterance. Ellis (2003) asserted misformation is the use of the
wrong form in the morpheme or structure for example, the dog ated the chicken
(p. 56). Then, the misformation sentences made by the students in writing were
displayed in table below. From the analysis, it concluded that the variation from
misformation error was five variations. The variations were misformation of verb
(V), auxiliary verb (Aux), noun (N), subject (S), and preposition (Prep).
Table 5.
Error Types Misformation
No. The Error Sentences
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
The Correct Sentences
Variation
We can checked-in at 1 AM
because my ...
You can became friend with
them.
It is not interrupted by a
public.
I was just know when BoA
...
I go travel and need
something to store.
they sell makes Dandangan
to be unique tradition.
I practice now until, I still
cant ...
We even couldn't to found
it.
It produce is clean.
We could check in at 1 a.m.
because my …
You could become their
friend.
The public does not
interrupt it.
I just knew when BoA ...
V
I go travelling and need
something to store.
They sell Dandangan as a
unique tradition.
I have been practicing until
now, but I still cannot …
We could not find it.
V
The production is clean.
V
It to help them supporting
their activities from ...
It is not to interrupted by a
public.
I can borrowed my sister's
clothes.
I would also meeting some
new friends.
It helps them to support their
activities from ...
The public does not interrupt
it.
I can borrow my sister’s
clothes.
I would also meet some new
friends.
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
35
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
I studying now, I love to get
knowledge.
I forever thankful for God
for everything I ...
I always seeing people talk
about drawing ...
I is so far away from my
home.
I take was social studies, so
our main ...
I did looked strange because
I keep puking.
I standing on. Surprisingly,
we weren't the ...
I am couldn't saw we about
the view ...
I was go home after all, I
finally admitted ...
I liking to explore Lombok
and Jogjakarta as ...
I try to adaptation with my
environment.
I need to known about the
biggest hill in ...
I must accepted the fact that
I need ...
We can did it, he brought us
to ...
We can saw fishes and gave
them food.
We can saw the various size
of turtle.
We can found any restaurant
there.
We can explained from the
paints.
We can makes our
nationalism increase to more
...
We cannot recognited them
easily.
We will pass the automatic
gate and ...
I am now studying. I love to
gain knowledge.
I thank God for everything
that I ...
I always see people talking
about drawing ...
I am so far away from my
home.
I took social studies, so that
our main ...
I looked strange because I
keep puking.
I stood on. Surprisingly, we
weren't the ...
I couldn’t see us about the
view ...
I went home, and I finally
admitted …
I like to explore Lombok and
Yogyakarta as …
I try to adapt to my
environment.
I need to know the biggest
hill in …
I must accept the fact that I
need ...
We can do it. He brought us
to ...
We can see fish and give
them food.
We can see various sizes of
turtles.
We can find many
restaurants there.
We can explain from the
paints.
We can make our
nationalism increase to more
...
We cannot easily recognize
them.
We will passed the automatic
gate and ...
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
36
35
You are allowed to join
some student activities that ...
You have skills. If you do
not have …
You shout your name ...
V
37
You allowed to joins some
student activities that ...
You has is skill. If you dont
have ...
You outer your name ...
38
You is moslem too.
You are a muslim too.
V
39
They have loyal. Nature
strong bond with ...
They may be gets their
reasons and goals.
They always says that they
want Zedva.
She know if I bring some
food.
She that used to protected
me, care for ...
She doing but that was 7
years.
She wouldn't dissapointed
me and make ...
She need two minutes to go
...
He to enter the haunted
house, he always screamed.
He enter my room and
meowing in my ear.
He know at that time ...
They are loyal. Nature is the
the strong bond with ...
They may get their reasons
and goals.
They always say that they
want Zedva.
She knows if I bring her
some food.
She used to protect me, and
care for ...
She did it when she was
seven years.
She would not disappoint me
and make …
She needs two minutes to go
...
he entered the haunted
house, he always screamed.
He entered my room, and
meowed in my ear.
He knew at that time ...
V
He cruel to animals then he
will did ...
He care through ellentube.
He is cruel to animals then
will do ...
He cares the ellentube.
V
He meet with his fans, not
only in concert ...
He smile even though his
manager said do ...
He make his own lyrics to
their songs and ...
He leave Exo and his agency.
He decided to ..
He looking like a boy who
like palying around.
He meets his fans not only in
his concerts but also in …
He smiled even though his
manager said ...
He made lyrics of his songs
by himself ...
He leaves Exo and his
agency. He decided to ..
He looks like a boy who likes
playing around.
V
36
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
37
57
He like to biting people when
someone pet him.
He want you to pet him.
He likes biting people when
they pet him.
He wants you to pet him.
V
He looks happy when he
meets ….
He sets on a journey for
having Hajj pilgrimage.
It produces clean plus my
phone has fascinated.
It helps them to support their
activities ...
It looks from the sun so that
can be ...
It hides a vegetable garden
behind it.
It wears a bandanna.
V
65
He look happy when he meet
with his ...
He set on a journey for Hajj
pilgrimage.
It produce is clean. Plus, my
phone has fascinatin.
It help them supporting their
activities ...
It look from the sun so that
can be ...
It hide a vegetable garden
behind it.
It wear a bandanna.
66
It become a memorial park.
It becomes a memorial park.
V
67
It call pop r&b.
It is called pop R & B.
V
68
It still didn't helped because
she ...
It like a consersation, fights,
drama, etc.
It great because Samsung
adding a faster fingerscan.
It gotten to BD of the
journey.
It mean that we lost our
willingness to ...
It can burnt.
It was not helpful because
she ...
It is like a concentration,
fight, drama, etc.
It is great because Samsung
adds a faster finger scan.
It is gotten from BD of the
journey.
It means that we lose our
willingness to ...
It can burn.
V
It should become our heaven
and differ the athmosphere.
It becomes a comfortable
place to read.
It scarmbles inside the
window every morning.
It issues a meow sound.
V
77
It should became our heaven
and differ in the athmosphere.
It become a place that so
comfortable to read.
It scramble inside by the
window every morning.
It issue a meow sound.
78
It break the rule and moral.
It breaks the rule and moral.
V
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
38
79
It can made light material.
80
It deserve to be called as the
greatest ...
It become important and
meaningful.
It become the conductor for
the electricy.
It can called “perogi”.
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
It can make the light
material.
It deserves to be called as the
greatest …..
It becomes important and
meaningful.
It becomes the conductor of
electricity.
It can be called “perogi”.
V
It can called E-sports which
means ...
It is famous and popular,
Gudeg was
It have a bath room.
It can be called E-sports
which means ...
It is famous, Gudeg is …
V
It has a bathroom.
V
It crush everything in its
path.
It become winner.
It chrushes everything in its
path.
It becomes the winner.
V
It have different ability and
skill.
He training for 5 years at his
agency.
It start with a soft melody
once again.
I enjoy really play games in
my space.
It help supporting activities
them.
It all were surprise.
It has different abilities and
skills.
He has been training for 5
years at his agency.
It is started with a soft
melody.
I enjoy playing games in my
space.
It helps to support their
activities.
It was sweet surprise.
V
It come should as no surprise
to me.
It crushing the path.
It should not come a surprise
to me.
It chruses the path.
V
I often to going out on the
weekend.
I using eye-catching
headwear.
I be addicted more and more
into Onmyouji.
I blowing the horn.
I often go out at the weekend. V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
I use eye-catching headwear.
V
I am more and more addicted
to Onmyouji.
I blow the horn.
V
V
39
101
I will just to my parent to
bought ...
I owning a headset from
Japan.
I looking at the land beneath
me.
I eating fried chicken.
I will just buy my parent ....
V
I owe a headset from Japan.
V
I look at the land beneath me.
V
I eat fried chicken.
V
We finish this tour. But,
unfortunately ...
We becoming closer, we may
see many similarities.
We locating on the surface of
the water ...
We choosen some activities
in water such ...
You advice and who defends
you in your ...
You decides the might study
program.
You to notes what they write.
We finished this tour, but
unfortunately …
We become closer because
we may have similarities.
We located on the surface of
the water ...
We chose some water
activities such as ….
You advise and who defends
you in your ...
You decide the study
program.
You note what they write.
V
You provide a lot of money
because ...
They become students at …
V
118
You to provide a lot of
money because ...
They to become a student at
...
They look, dressed, and
behave.
They success to stole a secret
gun from Victor.
It until i forgot to do
anything.
You tries, but if someone
asks.
So we can saved it.
119
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
They look, dress, and behave. V
They succeed to steal a
secret gun from Victor.
Until I forgot doing anything
…
You try if someone asks.
V
So, we can save it.
V
They has solid colors.
They have solid colors.
V
120
It escape.
It escapes.
V
121
It go surrounding. They
always say ...
I can finding many things.
It goes surrounding. They
always say...
I can find many things.
V
116
117
122
V
V
V
40
123
I written many times.
I write many times.
V
124
It is two bedroom, which are
...
It mean the human brain is
no longer.
He start to sell satay.
It has two bedrooms which
are ...
It means the human’s brain is
no longer.
He starts to sell sate.
V
I have seen three countries
that have great desires.
I want to spend more time in
Bali, but …
It does not do a lot.
V
129
I had seeing 3 country that
having much passion.
I want spend time more in
Bali, but ...
It since do not do a lot.
130
You is leaved this world.
You leaved this world.
Aux
131
It is already have been
provided by their owner.
I lazy to go out.
It has already been provided
by the owner.
I am lazy to go out.
Aux
I am immediately pulled
over to dry reef and ...
I am taken outside while my
parents stopped a ...
I were down .
I was immediately pulled
over to dry reef and ...
I was taken outside while my
parents stopped a ...
I was down.
Aux
I have lived so far. There are
...
He was lazy and slept.
Aux
137
I has lived so far. There are
...
He like being lazy and sleep.
138
It can considered as ...
It is considered as....
Aux
139
It don't take a big space.
It does not take a big space.
Aux
140
It can recommended. Why?
College not always ...
Aux
141
It have located in Pecatu,
Uluwatu, South Kuta.
It have provided with many
stop contacts, lcds, and ...
It can be recommended
because college is not always
…
It is located in Pecatu,
Uluwatu, South Kuta.
It is provided with many
electrical sockets, LCDs, and
…
Her eyeballs are like other …
125
126
127
128
132
133
134
135
136
142
143
She has eyeballs is just like
the other ...
V
V
V
V
Aux
Aux
Aux
Aux
Aux
Aux
Aux
41
144
His name is Sukarman, but
people …
I am afraid that people
would be triggered with ...
They are Indonesia, the USA,
and Japan.
We can enjoy exoticism of
Bali.
Her name is Chef Aiko, but
people …
Their intonation is
Indonesian language.
It will be off.
Aux
She has eyeballs is just like
the other ...
It have name Sukarman. But
people ...
It is two bedroom, which are
...
He start to sell satay.
Her eyeballs are like other …
S
His name is Sukarman, but
people …
It has two bedrooms which
are ...
He starts to sell sate.
S
I had seeing 3 country that
having much passion.
I was a kids to had a good ...
I have seen three countries
that have great desires.
I was a kid to have a good ...
N
157
I was seventeen and my
brother was nineteen.
N
158
I was seventeen.
When I was seventeen years
old, my brother was nineteen
years old.
I was seventeen years old.
159
It mean the human brain is
no longer ...
It means the human’s brain is Poss Pro
no longer ...
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
It have name Sukarman. But
people ...
I afraid that people would be
triggered with ...
It are Indonesia, USA, and
Japan.
It enjoy the exotism of Bali!
It name chef Aiko. But
people
They to intonation in their
language Indonesia.
It will he off.
Aux
S
S
S
S
S
N
N
N
N
The table above presented the subject-verb agreement error sentences in
misformation found on the essay writing class at LTC of UMY. Misformation
sentences which found on the students essays mostly were in the uncorrect of
verbs choosing. The findings was supported by Saad and Sawalmeh (2014),
misformation in the use and choose the correct verbs still becomes the problem
42
for EFL learners in making sentences. The other finding was about the
misformation of auxiliary verb. Misformation sentences on auxiliary verb also
happened when the students write a sentences in essay. The students chose
uncorrect auxiliary verb that should be agree with the subject. On the other hand,
the students also chose uncorrect subject on a sentences. It is because the students
still influenced by Bahasa Indonesia as the first language, instead of used
possesive adjective the students used subject. Here, implied that the students
overgeneralization the rules of sentences making in Bahasa Indonesia as first
language and English as target language. Moreover, the students also choose
uncorrect of noun, the students did not put (s) after the plural phrase of countable
noun. At last, the students also misformation on possesive pronoun. The students
did not use the possesive pronoun in a noun phrase. Thus, the evidence proved
that misformation sentences happened in writing based on the finding of the
research which was supported by the statements mentioned above.
Omission. The table below presented the findings that include in omission
errors. Omission errors occurs when there is an article vanishing in the sentence
by students (Ellis, 2003). From the analysis, it concluded that the variation from
omission errors also were five variations. The variation were omission of verb
(V), auxiliary verb (Aux), article (A), subject (S) and conjunction (Conj).
Table 6.
Error Types Omission
No. The Error Sentences
The Correct Sentences
Variation
1
I never done.
I have never done.
V
2
it name chef Aiko. But
people ...
Her name is Chef Aiko, but
people …
V
43
3
I (-) this library ....
I have this library...
V
4
I (-) kind of doomed.
I am kind of doomed.
V
5
I suga is his stage name in
BTS.
I eat sate petir Pak Nano.
V
6
I SUGA (-) his stage name in
BTS.
I (-)Sate Petir Pak Nano.
7
I (-) if they are can ...
I will vote if they can ...
V
8
I really (-) my Minnions ...
I really love Minnions.
V
9
I am gonna (-) you all about
my cat.
I used to (-) television when
my age was ...
It (-) always salty.
I am going to tell you about
my cat.
I used to watch television
when I was …
It is always salty.
V
I really need the time to give
my love.
I just really want to sing the
songs.
I really like it.
V
14
I really really (-) time to give
my love.
I just (-) the songs that i really
really ...
I really really (-) it.
15
I will just (-) ice cream.
I will just have an ice cream.
V
16
I just can eat 3 pieces of
clothes because ...
I must have the fact that I
need.
We can go to Bali for our
holiday because my father …
After we had breakfast, we
went to Tanjung Benoa.
We jump to the water.
V
20
I just can (-) 3 pieces of
clothes because ...
I must (-) the fact that I need
...
We can (-) holiday in Bali
because my father ...
We (-) breakfast, we went to
Tanjung Benoa.
We (-) to the water.
21
We (-) for help.
We ask for help.
V
22
We (-) in elementary school.
V
23
We (-) their life.
We were at elementary
school.
We have their life.
24
We (-) the both city.
We live in the both of cities.
V
10
11
12
13
17
18
19
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
44
25
We go around that place, and
we ate in …
We never talk about...
V
26
We (-) around that place, we
ate in ...
We never (-) about ...
27
We (-) about the view.
We saw the view.
V
28
You (-) no matter.
You have no matter.
V
29
You will have a public
speaking.
You write on your absence.
V
30
You (-) about public
speaking.
You (-) in your absence.
31
You will (-) Mt. Merapi.
V
32
You (-) something.
You will come to Merapi
mountain.
You have something.
33
You (-) relax.
You are relax.
V
34
You have the best music to
clear your mind.
You become a part of it. It
teaches you …
You are in the class. You
also learn ..
You are happy.
V
37
You (-) best music to clear
your mind.
You (-) part of it. Its teach
you how ...
You (-) in the class, you also
learned ...
You (-) happy.
38
You (-) down.
You are down.
V
39
You (-) happy. Solo the
unique city of java.
You (-) for the rest of your
life.
You guys (-) Bali, dont forget
to drop ...
They (-) graduate.
You are happy. Solo is the
unique city in Java.
You live for the rest of your
life.
you are in Bali, do not forget
to drop by ..
They are graduated.
V
They (-) angry, even
sometime we don't ...
They (-) angry for. And they
are a sleepyhead ...
They (-) better, at find a nice
spot.
They (-) common things.
They are angry, even
sometime we don't ...
They are angry for. And they
are a sleepyhead ...
They are better to find nice
spot.
They are common things.
V
35
36
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
45
47
They (-) both the same role
...
They (-) both the most
successful women in ...
They all (-) alike.
They have the same role ...
V
They are the most successful
women in ...
They all are alike.
V
They do not get enough
attention.
They like banana very much.
V
51
They (-) not get enough or
attention.
They (-) banana very much.
52
Sh (-) very comfortly.
She is very comfortable.
V
53
She immediately (-) me to my
room.
He (-) patient and work hard
at the same ....
He can (-) martial arts like
Wushu ...
He (-) just a traitor.
She immediately comes to
my room.
He is patient and works hard
at the same time ...
He can do martial arts as
Wushu ...
He is a traitor.
V
He (-) part of the basketball
team.
He (-) training for 5 years at
his agency.
It (-) with sand and four
colours.
It (-) in any area of Bali.
He is a member of the
basketball team.
He has been training for 5
years.
It has the sand and four
colours.
It is in any area of Bali.
V
It (-) name, kind, colour,
other characteristics.
It (-) to think that the man ...
It has the name, kind, colour,
and other characteristics.
it was to think that the man ...
V
It is "Nasi Liwet". Nasi Liwet
is ...
It is from Saturday night to
Sunday morning.
It has some grave yards.
V
65
It (-) "Nasi Liwet". Nasi
Liwet is ...
It (-) in the Saturday night
until Sunday morning.
It (-) some the graveyards.
66
It (-) in the other country.
It is on the other country.
V
67
It (-) easily. Dota 2 has a ...
It is easy. Dota 2 has ...
V
68
It (-) like there is no ...
It is like there is no ...
V
48
49
50
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
46
69
It is easy as soon as I start
the....
It is excessive.
V
70
It (-) easily as soon as I start
the ...
It (-) excessively.
71
It (-) with a black fatbar.
It has a black fatbar.
V
72
It (-) with my best friend.
He is my best friend.
V
73
It (-) into EXO's albums.
It is in Exo albums.
V
74
It (-) for about three dollars.
It is about three dollars.
V
75
It is in every place in the
world.
We eat it with our teeth
directly.
It is anywhere.
V
77
It (-) in every place in the
world.
We (-) with our teeth
directly.
It (-) anywhere.
78
I (-) by myself.
I take it by myself.
V
79
It (-) now.
It is now.
V
80
It (-) at the end of the day.
It is at the end of the day.
V
81
It is lighter and easer to be
carried.
It is from the storage box.
V
82
It (-) light and easy to be
carried.
It (-) from the storage box.
83
It (-) me for example.
It is me for example.
V
84
It (-) in Malioboro 2 days
before I went to ...
It (-) in my bag and it is
make ...
It (-) interesting part of pens.
It was in malioboro two days V
before I went to ...
It is in my bag, and it makes... V
It is interserting part of pens.
V
It (-) in a pocket, and
becomes long.
It (-) for great comfortness
when we write.
It (-) in my heart until now.
It is in my pocket, and
becomes long.
It is for great comfort things
when we write.
It has been in my heart until
now.
It is on Instagram. They
become more serious when
V
76
85
86
87
88
89
90
It (-) on Instagram. They
become more serious when ...
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
47
…
91
It (-) as our compass.
It is as our compass.
V
92
It (-) while practicing.
It is while practicing.
V
93
It (-) still the part of arts.
It is still the past of arts.
V
94
It (-) clear
It is clear.
V
95
It is exactly located at the
highlands of ...
It is on the map
V
96
It (-) exatly location in the
highlands of ...
It (-) on the map.
97
It (-) crowded the town.
It is crowded town.
V
98
It (-) uncool.
It was not cool.
V
99
It (-) so cute.
It is so cute.
V
100
It (-) always Zedva
It is always Zedya.
V
101
It (-) other competitor.
It is other competitor.
V
102
It (-) the "truly sport".
It is a true sport.
V
103
It (-) a competition.
It is a competition.
V
104
It (-) one of them.
It is one of them.
V
105
It (-) also with bamboo and
flat lava ...
(-) it Bandar Lampung or
Manado? Both town is ...
It (-) be about anything.
It is also with bamboo and
flat lava ...
Is it Bandar Lampung or
Manado? Both towns are ….
It is about anything.
V
It (-) because in several sides
it has a ...
It (-) because I afraid that
people would be ...
It (-) because there is no
limitation of time ...
It (-) because I have played
similar ...
It is because several sides
have ...
It is because I am afraid that
people would be ...
It is because there is no
limitation of time ...
It is because I have played
similar ...
V
106
107
108
109
110
111
V
V
V
V
V
V
48
112
It (-) everywhere.
It is everywhere.
V
113
It (-) rather than I add.
It is rather than I add.
V
114
It (-) about 2014 when I was
in Senior High school ...
It (-) our primer light.
It was about 2014 when I was
in senior high school ...
It is our primer light.
V
It is on the small cupboard in
the left side ...
Is it practical and
economical? Because I think
...
It is for tomorrow.
V
118
It (-) on the small cupboard
in the left side ...
(-) It practical and
economical? Because, i think
...
It (-) for tomorrow.
119
It (-) on the next day.
It is on the next day.
V
120
It (-) some different name
and different ...
It (-) because of we have
much traditional language.
It (-) too much.
It has some different names
and different ...
It is because we have many
traditional languages.
It is too much.
V
We can enjoy the exoticism
of Bali.
It is everything to me.
V
124
It (-) and enjoy the exotism
of Bali!
It (-) everything to me.
125
It (-) the student activity.
It is the student’s activity.
V
126
It (-) the winner.
It is the winner.
V
127
It (-) different ability and
skill.
He (-) academicians.
It has different abilities and
skills.
He is an academician.
V
115
116
117
121
122
123
128
129
130
131
132
He training for 5 years at his
agency.
It start with a soft melody.
He has been training for 5
years at his agency.
It is started with a soft
melody.
I awake, I was in the hospital. I was awake, I was in a
hospital.
(-)You often lose your safety Do you often lose your safety
pins?
pin?
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
Aux
Aux
Aux
Aux
49
133
Aux
136
I practice now until, I still
cant ...
I tearing the wrapper.
I am afraid that they would
do some actions.
I was required to have skills
in …
I have been practicing until
now, but I still cannot …
I am tearing the wrapper.
137
He (-) academicians.
He is an academician.
A
138
I was kid, my parents chose
book for me.
I no longer need to go to (-)
traditional market.
I remember was a stranger
who gave ...
I still remember was in Bali
with my ...
When I was a kid, my parents
chose a book for me.
I no longer need to go to a
traditional market.
I remember that there was a
stranger who gave ...
I still remember when I was
in Bali with my …
A
134
135
139
140
141
I afraid they would do some
actions.
I required to be skilled in ...
Aux
Aux
Aux
A
Conj
S
The table above presented the subject-verb agreement error sentences in
omission found on the essay writing class at LTC of UMY. Based on finding, it
reflect that students composed incomplete sentences, it shows that there were
many sentences which did not have a verb. It is not a sentences if did not contain
or have a verb. The other finding was about the omission of auxiliary verb, the
students ommit the auxiliary verb in a sentence. Even auxiliary verb only used as
helping verb which is functioned to explain the main verb, but it is important in
making a complete sentence. Then, the finding also on the ommission of article.
The students ommit article an/a before a noun. Also, the students ommit the
conjunction when a sentence had two verb. A sentence at least consist of one
subject and one verb, if in a sentence have one subject and two verb, it need a
conjuntion. Last, the students ommit subject. Thus, it conclude that omission error
type was found in the use of subject-verb agreement on essay writing class at LTC
of UMY.
50
Addition. The table below presented some samples that include in addition
error. Addition errors occurs when the students put an aspect of language that is
not needed in the sentence (Ellis,2003). From the analysis, it concluded that the
variation from addition errors were four variations. The variation were addition of
auxiliary verb (Aux), verb (V), subject (S), and possessive adjective (Poss Adj).
Table 7.
Error Types Addition
No. The Error Sentences
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
I still remember was in Bali
with my ...
I am is the main building,
Auschwitz-IT Birkenau ...
I am have the main
concentration camp ...
I will can borrowed my
sister's clothes.
I am was tearing the wrapper
and also the bubble wrap ...
I can just lock the box by
twisting ...
We must also be able to
maintain the ...
We are will decided back to
hotel because we were ...
We just we will repeated the
same old ...
We must to did activity at
home and ...
We know is Batu City is the
best.
We all will have had the same
experience in ...
They are is kind of unique
creature that have ...
They are will can be real
creature near to me.
She has is enough for her only,
but ...
The Correct Sentences
Variation
I still remember when I
was in Bali with my ...
I am in the main building,
Auschwitz-IT Birkenau ...
I have the main
concentration camp ...
I can borrow my sister’s
clothes.
I was tearing the wrapper
and also the bubble wrap ...
I can lock the box by
twisting ...
We must be able to
maintain the ...
We decided to back to the
hotel because we were …
We will repeat the same old
...
We must do the activity at
home and ...
We know that Batu city is
the best.
We will have the same
experience in ...
They are kind of unique
creatures that have ...
They can be real creatures
near to me.
She is enough for her only,
but ...
Aux
Aux
Aux
Aux
Aux
Aux
Aux
Aux
Aux
Aux
Aux
Aux
Aux
Aux
Aux
51
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
It is starts to overwhelmed,
that...
It is has habits.
It starts to overwhelmed,
that ...
It has habits.
Aux
It is have feeling makes that
wants some ...
I was will in Senior high
School, it ...
We was began our first game
and i found ...
They is said. Kind of alien's
language.
You is leaved this world.
It makes my feeling want
some ...
I was in senior high school,
it ….
We began our first game,
and I found ...
They said kinds of alien’s
language.
You leaved this world.
Aux
It is already have been
provided by their owner.
I was just know that day.
When boa, my favorite ...
She has eyeballs is just like
the other ...
I have was in some shelfs in
my ...
I screaned started doing fan
chants.
I want spend time more in
Bali, but ...
It is main economic centre is
Muntilan market.
It is usually has night market.
It has already been
provided by the owner.
I just knew when boa, my
favorite … , was
Her eyeballs are like other
…
I have some shelfs in my ...
Aux
I screaned and started
doing fans chants.
I wanted to spend more
time in Bali, but …
Muntilan market is the main
economic center.
It usually has a night
market.
They sell Dandangan as a
unique tradition.
I want to spend more time
in Bali, but …
I had to work hard for …
V
(-)there is a bathroom.
S
I had to work hard for …
S
They (-) work until they
realize it.
Poss Adj
They sell makes Dandangan to
be unique tradition.
I want spend time more in
Bali, but ...
I want I had to work hard for
...
It there is a bath room.
I want I had to work hard for
...
They their work until they
realize it.
Aux
Aux
Aux
Aux
Aux
Aux
Aux
Aux
V
V
V
V
V
V
52
The table above presented the subject-verb agreement error sentences in
addition found on the essay writing class at LTC of UMY. Based on the finding, it
shows that students add more than one auxiliary verb in a sentence. The next
finding was about the addition verb or called as double verb without conjuntion. A
sentence could have more than one verb, but there should be a conjuntion. The
next finding was on addition of subject or called as double subject without
conjuction on it. The last, the addition of possession adjective. The students did
not mastered about possesive adjective because influenced by first language,
which in this research is Bahasa Indonesia . Thus, it conclude that addition error
type was found in the use of subject verb agreement on essay writing class at LTC
of UMY.
Misorderings. The table below presented some samples that include in
misorderings errors. Misorderings errors occurs when the students put incorrect
command of part of speech in the sentence (Ellis,2003). It means the students
misarrange the sentences. From the analysis, it concluded that the variation from
misordering errors were five variations. The variations were misordering verb (V),
noun (N), adverb (Adv), subject- verb (S-V), and adjective (Adj).
Table 8.
Error Types Misordering
No.
The Error Sentences
The Correct Sentences
Variation
What you are going to do is
to prepare the tools and ...
I like calling him Zeyda.
V
2
You gonna do is prepare the
tools and ...
I like him calling Zedva.
3
I arrive already in there.
V
4
I eat always spicy.
I have already arrived
there.
I always eat spicy food.
1
V
V
53
5
6
7
8
I am required skilled to be in
...
We reserved can only at
12.00 ...
You would and the same do
...
They singing, drawing,
playing, dancing,mostly in ...
They say like to-pa-ti-ti-to- ...
I am skilled in.....
V
We can only reserve at 12.00 V
...
You would do the same ...
V
V
She that used protected to
me, care for ...
He more looks a lion like
than a cat.
It like looks fun.
They mostly sing, draw, play,
and dance in ..
They like to say to-pa-ti-tito-...
She used to protect me and
care for …
He looks more a lion than a
cat.
It looks like fun.
I in the former paragraph had
told how ...
I can took some pictures
beautiful in here.
I can took some pictures
beautiful in here.
I have ever had one special
my ...
We can also change the color
hair.
You got are the size small
pictures.
You gonna do is the tools
prepare and ...
You provide a money lot
because ...
He gets doll panda from his
fans because ...
It is the activity student that
you being ...
It have ability different.
I told how on the previous
paragraph ...
I could take some beautiful
pictures here.
I could take some beautiful
pictures here.
I have ever had my special
one.
We can also change the hair
color.
You got the small size
pictures.
What you are going to do is
to prepare the tools and ....
You provide a lot of money
because ...
He gets a panda doll from
his fans because ...
It belongs to students’
activity that you being ...
It has different abilities.
V
26
I was enough old.
I want to spend more time in
Bali.
I have been practicing
drawing until now.
I was old enough.
Adv
25
I want spend time more in
Bali.
I practice draw now until.
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
V
V
V
V
V
Np
Np
Np
Np
Np
Np
Np
Np
Np
Adv
Adj
54
27
Ever I fell. Where in this
experience I ...
I ever feel. Where in this
experience I ...
S-V
The table above presented the subject-verb agreement error sentences in
misordering found on the essay writing class at LTC of UMY. Based on the
finding, it shows that students did incorrect placement in a sentence, mostly in
using a verb. The students misoder the position of a verb in a sentence. Another
finding was on misordering noun phrase, adverb, subject-verb and adjective.
Students did the incorrect sentences because they tended to have lack of grammar
mastery which was turned not to be able to produce correct placement of verbs.
The findings were in line with Saad and Sawalmeh (2014) who stated that foreign
language learners still make inappropriate or wrong placement of verb in sentence
making which appeared the incorrect sentence in spoken since they are still
influenced from lack of grammar mastery. Thus, it conclude that misordering
error type was found in the use of subject verb agreement on essay writing class at
LTC of UMY .
To conclude, the first research question about what are the error types that
occur in the students essay on IR essay writing class at LTC of UMY batch 2016
was answered. The error type that occur were all error types namely
misformation, omission, addition and misordering. Then, for answering the
second reseach question about the number of the error, and the percentage would
be explained below.
Errors of subject-verb percentage. From the Ant Concordance program,
the researcher summarized the finding into table below. This table showed the
number of the sentences that was already shorted by keywords using Ant
55
Concordance Programs. To calculate the error’s percentage, it needs the number
of all sentences include the correct subject-verb agreement and the error subjectverb agreement. Finally, this table presents the number of total sentences, number
of correct subject-verb agreement, error subject-verb agreement and the error
percentage. From the table below, it conclude that the total error of essay
documents from their mid-term assessment of IR major batch 2016 was 14.19%.
Table 9.
General number of Subject Verb Agreement errors
Keywords Total
Sentence
Correct S-V
Agreement
Error S-V Agreement
Total Error
Percentage
Number
Number Percentage Number
Percentage
I
949
857
90.30%
92
9.70%
3.60%
We
397
362
91.19%
35
8.81%
1.40%
You
185
153
82.70%
32
17.30%
1.23%
They
246
220
89.40%
26
10.60%
1.01%
She
76
64
84.20%
12
15.80%
0.50%
He
173
145
83.80%
28
16.20%
1.10%
It
555
417
75.10%
138
24.90%
5.35%
Total
2,581
2,218
85.94%
363
14.06%
14.19%
From the table above, it showed that the total sentences that contain seven
keywords from sample was 2,581 sentences. Than, total number of correct
subject- verb agreement sentences was 2,218 sentences or 85.94%. The total
number of error subject-verb agreement sentences was 363 sentences or 14.06%.
To conclude, using the total sentences that contain seven keywords then showed
56
that the total percentage of subject-verb agreement that found in essays writing
class documents’ of IR students batch 2016 at LTC of UMY was 14.19%.
The general number of table below was the the details for the second
research question, which ask about the percentage of subject- verb agreement
error producing by IR students’ essay writing class at LTC of UMY batch 2016.
Later, it will be presented a table that showed the exact number and the percentage
of subject- verb agreement error based on the error type for each keywords.
Table 10.
S-V A Errors types number and it’s percentage
Key
word
s
Misformations
Omissions
Additions
Misorderings
Total
N
P
N
P
N
P
N
P
N
P
I
41
11.30%
25
7.00%
14
3.90%
12
3.30%
92
25.34%
We
15
4.13%
11
3.03%
7
2.00%
2
0.60%
35
9.70%
You
11
3.03%
15
4.13%
1
0.30%
5
1.40%
32
8.81%
They
9
2.48%
10
2.80%
5
1.40%
2
0.60%
26
7.16%
She
7
2.00%
2
0.60%
2
0.60%
1
0.30%
12
3.30%
He
18
5.00%
8
2.20%
0
0.00%
2
0.60%
28
7.71%
It
58
16.00%
70
19.30%
7
2.00%
3
1.00%
138
38.01%
141
38.90%
36
10.00
%
27
7.50%
363
100%
Tota 159 43.80%
l
Note : N = Number
P = Percentage
Finally, from those two tables, it concluded that subject-verb agreement
error found in the essays document on IR essay writing class batch 2016 at LTC
of UMY. The error that found included all four error types namely misformations,
57
omissions, additions, and misorderings. However, it was not that every subjectverb agreement keywords’ had all of error types. For keywords “I”, “We”,
“You”,“They”, “She”,and “It” had all of errors type which were addition,
misformation, misordering, and omission. However, for keywords “He” it did not
have all of error type. They only had tree error types, which were misformation,
misordering, and omission. They did not have addition error type on it. Then, the
total amount of subject-verb agreement error was 363 or 14.19% and according to
the level classification (Sugiono, 2010) it categorized in low level of error.
Chapter Four
Finding and Discussion
This section presented the findings and discussions of this research. This
section gave the answer about two research questions. The first research question
is “what are the error types made by the students in using subject-verb agreement
at LTC UMY?”. The second research question is “what are the error quantities
made by the students in using subject-verb agreement at LTC UMY?” Then, the
researcher discussed general finding of data.
The Errors of Subject-Verb Agreement Found in Essay Writing at LTC of
UMY
The researcher would classified the subject-verb agreement error
production into four classification which were four types of error. Accoding to
Ellis (2003), there were four error types, addition, misformation, misordering and
omission. This reseach found all error types in the data analysis. Furthermore, it
will explain more datails about the finding where also answering the first research
question about error type that found in essay writing class in using subject-verb
agreement at LTC of UMY.
Error classifications. Below is presented the details of finding the
subject-verb agreement error from seven keywords I, we, you, they, she, he and it
according with error types. Those error classifications were omission, addition,
misformation, and misordering (Ellis, 2003). Those errors occurred in essay
writing class at LTC of UMY. Then, the details of error classification will be
discussed below in order to answer the first research question.
34
Misformations. Misformation describes the wrong form of grammatical
structure in the utterance. Ellis (2003) asserted misformation is the use of the
wrong form in the morpheme or structure for example, the dog ated the chicken
(p. 56). Then, the misformation sentences made by the students in writing were
displayed in table below. From the analysis, it concluded that the variation from
misformation error was five variations. The variations were misformation of verb
(V), auxiliary verb (Aux), noun (N), subject (S), and preposition (Prep).
Table 5.
Error Types Misformation
No. The Error Sentences
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
The Correct Sentences
Variation
We can checked-in at 1 AM
because my ...
You can became friend with
them.
It is not interrupted by a
public.
I was just know when BoA
...
I go travel and need
something to store.
they sell makes Dandangan
to be unique tradition.
I practice now until, I still
cant ...
We even couldn't to found
it.
It produce is clean.
We could check in at 1 a.m.
because my …
You could become their
friend.
The public does not
interrupt it.
I just knew when BoA ...
V
I go travelling and need
something to store.
They sell Dandangan as a
unique tradition.
I have been practicing until
now, but I still cannot …
We could not find it.
V
The production is clean.
V
It to help them supporting
their activities from ...
It is not to interrupted by a
public.
I can borrowed my sister's
clothes.
I would also meeting some
new friends.
It helps them to support their
activities from ...
The public does not interrupt
it.
I can borrow my sister’s
clothes.
I would also meet some new
friends.
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
35
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
I studying now, I love to get
knowledge.
I forever thankful for God
for everything I ...
I always seeing people talk
about drawing ...
I is so far away from my
home.
I take was social studies, so
our main ...
I did looked strange because
I keep puking.
I standing on. Surprisingly,
we weren't the ...
I am couldn't saw we about
the view ...
I was go home after all, I
finally admitted ...
I liking to explore Lombok
and Jogjakarta as ...
I try to adaptation with my
environment.
I need to known about the
biggest hill in ...
I must accepted the fact that
I need ...
We can did it, he brought us
to ...
We can saw fishes and gave
them food.
We can saw the various size
of turtle.
We can found any restaurant
there.
We can explained from the
paints.
We can makes our
nationalism increase to more
...
We cannot recognited them
easily.
We will pass the automatic
gate and ...
I am now studying. I love to
gain knowledge.
I thank God for everything
that I ...
I always see people talking
about drawing ...
I am so far away from my
home.
I took social studies, so that
our main ...
I looked strange because I
keep puking.
I stood on. Surprisingly, we
weren't the ...
I couldn’t see us about the
view ...
I went home, and I finally
admitted …
I like to explore Lombok and
Yogyakarta as …
I try to adapt to my
environment.
I need to know the biggest
hill in …
I must accept the fact that I
need ...
We can do it. He brought us
to ...
We can see fish and give
them food.
We can see various sizes of
turtles.
We can find many
restaurants there.
We can explain from the
paints.
We can make our
nationalism increase to more
...
We cannot easily recognize
them.
We will passed the automatic
gate and ...
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
36
35
You are allowed to join
some student activities that ...
You have skills. If you do
not have …
You shout your name ...
V
37
You allowed to joins some
student activities that ...
You has is skill. If you dont
have ...
You outer your name ...
38
You is moslem too.
You are a muslim too.
V
39
They have loyal. Nature
strong bond with ...
They may be gets their
reasons and goals.
They always says that they
want Zedva.
She know if I bring some
food.
She that used to protected
me, care for ...
She doing but that was 7
years.
She wouldn't dissapointed
me and make ...
She need two minutes to go
...
He to enter the haunted
house, he always screamed.
He enter my room and
meowing in my ear.
He know at that time ...
They are loyal. Nature is the
the strong bond with ...
They may get their reasons
and goals.
They always say that they
want Zedva.
She knows if I bring her
some food.
She used to protect me, and
care for ...
She did it when she was
seven years.
She would not disappoint me
and make …
She needs two minutes to go
...
he entered the haunted
house, he always screamed.
He entered my room, and
meowed in my ear.
He knew at that time ...
V
He cruel to animals then he
will did ...
He care through ellentube.
He is cruel to animals then
will do ...
He cares the ellentube.
V
He meet with his fans, not
only in concert ...
He smile even though his
manager said do ...
He make his own lyrics to
their songs and ...
He leave Exo and his agency.
He decided to ..
He looking like a boy who
like palying around.
He meets his fans not only in
his concerts but also in …
He smiled even though his
manager said ...
He made lyrics of his songs
by himself ...
He leaves Exo and his
agency. He decided to ..
He looks like a boy who likes
playing around.
V
36
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
37
57
He like to biting people when
someone pet him.
He want you to pet him.
He likes biting people when
they pet him.
He wants you to pet him.
V
He looks happy when he
meets ….
He sets on a journey for
having Hajj pilgrimage.
It produces clean plus my
phone has fascinated.
It helps them to support their
activities ...
It looks from the sun so that
can be ...
It hides a vegetable garden
behind it.
It wears a bandanna.
V
65
He look happy when he meet
with his ...
He set on a journey for Hajj
pilgrimage.
It produce is clean. Plus, my
phone has fascinatin.
It help them supporting their
activities ...
It look from the sun so that
can be ...
It hide a vegetable garden
behind it.
It wear a bandanna.
66
It become a memorial park.
It becomes a memorial park.
V
67
It call pop r&b.
It is called pop R & B.
V
68
It still didn't helped because
she ...
It like a consersation, fights,
drama, etc.
It great because Samsung
adding a faster fingerscan.
It gotten to BD of the
journey.
It mean that we lost our
willingness to ...
It can burnt.
It was not helpful because
she ...
It is like a concentration,
fight, drama, etc.
It is great because Samsung
adds a faster finger scan.
It is gotten from BD of the
journey.
It means that we lose our
willingness to ...
It can burn.
V
It should become our heaven
and differ the athmosphere.
It becomes a comfortable
place to read.
It scarmbles inside the
window every morning.
It issues a meow sound.
V
77
It should became our heaven
and differ in the athmosphere.
It become a place that so
comfortable to read.
It scramble inside by the
window every morning.
It issue a meow sound.
78
It break the rule and moral.
It breaks the rule and moral.
V
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
38
79
It can made light material.
80
It deserve to be called as the
greatest ...
It become important and
meaningful.
It become the conductor for
the electricy.
It can called “perogi”.
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
It can make the light
material.
It deserves to be called as the
greatest …..
It becomes important and
meaningful.
It becomes the conductor of
electricity.
It can be called “perogi”.
V
It can called E-sports which
means ...
It is famous and popular,
Gudeg was
It have a bath room.
It can be called E-sports
which means ...
It is famous, Gudeg is …
V
It has a bathroom.
V
It crush everything in its
path.
It become winner.
It chrushes everything in its
path.
It becomes the winner.
V
It have different ability and
skill.
He training for 5 years at his
agency.
It start with a soft melody
once again.
I enjoy really play games in
my space.
It help supporting activities
them.
It all were surprise.
It has different abilities and
skills.
He has been training for 5
years at his agency.
It is started with a soft
melody.
I enjoy playing games in my
space.
It helps to support their
activities.
It was sweet surprise.
V
It come should as no surprise
to me.
It crushing the path.
It should not come a surprise
to me.
It chruses the path.
V
I often to going out on the
weekend.
I using eye-catching
headwear.
I be addicted more and more
into Onmyouji.
I blowing the horn.
I often go out at the weekend. V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
I use eye-catching headwear.
V
I am more and more addicted
to Onmyouji.
I blow the horn.
V
V
39
101
I will just to my parent to
bought ...
I owning a headset from
Japan.
I looking at the land beneath
me.
I eating fried chicken.
I will just buy my parent ....
V
I owe a headset from Japan.
V
I look at the land beneath me.
V
I eat fried chicken.
V
We finish this tour. But,
unfortunately ...
We becoming closer, we may
see many similarities.
We locating on the surface of
the water ...
We choosen some activities
in water such ...
You advice and who defends
you in your ...
You decides the might study
program.
You to notes what they write.
We finished this tour, but
unfortunately …
We become closer because
we may have similarities.
We located on the surface of
the water ...
We chose some water
activities such as ….
You advise and who defends
you in your ...
You decide the study
program.
You note what they write.
V
You provide a lot of money
because ...
They become students at …
V
118
You to provide a lot of
money because ...
They to become a student at
...
They look, dressed, and
behave.
They success to stole a secret
gun from Victor.
It until i forgot to do
anything.
You tries, but if someone
asks.
So we can saved it.
119
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
They look, dress, and behave. V
They succeed to steal a
secret gun from Victor.
Until I forgot doing anything
…
You try if someone asks.
V
So, we can save it.
V
They has solid colors.
They have solid colors.
V
120
It escape.
It escapes.
V
121
It go surrounding. They
always say ...
I can finding many things.
It goes surrounding. They
always say...
I can find many things.
V
116
117
122
V
V
V
40
123
I written many times.
I write many times.
V
124
It is two bedroom, which are
...
It mean the human brain is
no longer.
He start to sell satay.
It has two bedrooms which
are ...
It means the human’s brain is
no longer.
He starts to sell sate.
V
I have seen three countries
that have great desires.
I want to spend more time in
Bali, but …
It does not do a lot.
V
129
I had seeing 3 country that
having much passion.
I want spend time more in
Bali, but ...
It since do not do a lot.
130
You is leaved this world.
You leaved this world.
Aux
131
It is already have been
provided by their owner.
I lazy to go out.
It has already been provided
by the owner.
I am lazy to go out.
Aux
I am immediately pulled
over to dry reef and ...
I am taken outside while my
parents stopped a ...
I were down .
I was immediately pulled
over to dry reef and ...
I was taken outside while my
parents stopped a ...
I was down.
Aux
I have lived so far. There are
...
He was lazy and slept.
Aux
137
I has lived so far. There are
...
He like being lazy and sleep.
138
It can considered as ...
It is considered as....
Aux
139
It don't take a big space.
It does not take a big space.
Aux
140
It can recommended. Why?
College not always ...
Aux
141
It have located in Pecatu,
Uluwatu, South Kuta.
It have provided with many
stop contacts, lcds, and ...
It can be recommended
because college is not always
…
It is located in Pecatu,
Uluwatu, South Kuta.
It is provided with many
electrical sockets, LCDs, and
…
Her eyeballs are like other …
125
126
127
128
132
133
134
135
136
142
143
She has eyeballs is just like
the other ...
V
V
V
V
Aux
Aux
Aux
Aux
Aux
Aux
Aux
41
144
His name is Sukarman, but
people …
I am afraid that people
would be triggered with ...
They are Indonesia, the USA,
and Japan.
We can enjoy exoticism of
Bali.
Her name is Chef Aiko, but
people …
Their intonation is
Indonesian language.
It will be off.
Aux
She has eyeballs is just like
the other ...
It have name Sukarman. But
people ...
It is two bedroom, which are
...
He start to sell satay.
Her eyeballs are like other …
S
His name is Sukarman, but
people …
It has two bedrooms which
are ...
He starts to sell sate.
S
I had seeing 3 country that
having much passion.
I was a kids to had a good ...
I have seen three countries
that have great desires.
I was a kid to have a good ...
N
157
I was seventeen and my
brother was nineteen.
N
158
I was seventeen.
When I was seventeen years
old, my brother was nineteen
years old.
I was seventeen years old.
159
It mean the human brain is
no longer ...
It means the human’s brain is Poss Pro
no longer ...
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
It have name Sukarman. But
people ...
I afraid that people would be
triggered with ...
It are Indonesia, USA, and
Japan.
It enjoy the exotism of Bali!
It name chef Aiko. But
people
They to intonation in their
language Indonesia.
It will he off.
Aux
S
S
S
S
S
N
N
N
N
The table above presented the subject-verb agreement error sentences in
misformation found on the essay writing class at LTC of UMY. Misformation
sentences which found on the students essays mostly were in the uncorrect of
verbs choosing. The findings was supported by Saad and Sawalmeh (2014),
misformation in the use and choose the correct verbs still becomes the problem
42
for EFL learners in making sentences. The other finding was about the
misformation of auxiliary verb. Misformation sentences on auxiliary verb also
happened when the students write a sentences in essay. The students chose
uncorrect auxiliary verb that should be agree with the subject. On the other hand,
the students also chose uncorrect subject on a sentences. It is because the students
still influenced by Bahasa Indonesia as the first language, instead of used
possesive adjective the students used subject. Here, implied that the students
overgeneralization the rules of sentences making in Bahasa Indonesia as first
language and English as target language. Moreover, the students also choose
uncorrect of noun, the students did not put (s) after the plural phrase of countable
noun. At last, the students also misformation on possesive pronoun. The students
did not use the possesive pronoun in a noun phrase. Thus, the evidence proved
that misformation sentences happened in writing based on the finding of the
research which was supported by the statements mentioned above.
Omission. The table below presented the findings that include in omission
errors. Omission errors occurs when there is an article vanishing in the sentence
by students (Ellis, 2003). From the analysis, it concluded that the variation from
omission errors also were five variations. The variation were omission of verb
(V), auxiliary verb (Aux), article (A), subject (S) and conjunction (Conj).
Table 6.
Error Types Omission
No. The Error Sentences
The Correct Sentences
Variation
1
I never done.
I have never done.
V
2
it name chef Aiko. But
people ...
Her name is Chef Aiko, but
people …
V
43
3
I (-) this library ....
I have this library...
V
4
I (-) kind of doomed.
I am kind of doomed.
V
5
I suga is his stage name in
BTS.
I eat sate petir Pak Nano.
V
6
I SUGA (-) his stage name in
BTS.
I (-)Sate Petir Pak Nano.
7
I (-) if they are can ...
I will vote if they can ...
V
8
I really (-) my Minnions ...
I really love Minnions.
V
9
I am gonna (-) you all about
my cat.
I used to (-) television when
my age was ...
It (-) always salty.
I am going to tell you about
my cat.
I used to watch television
when I was …
It is always salty.
V
I really need the time to give
my love.
I just really want to sing the
songs.
I really like it.
V
14
I really really (-) time to give
my love.
I just (-) the songs that i really
really ...
I really really (-) it.
15
I will just (-) ice cream.
I will just have an ice cream.
V
16
I just can eat 3 pieces of
clothes because ...
I must have the fact that I
need.
We can go to Bali for our
holiday because my father …
After we had breakfast, we
went to Tanjung Benoa.
We jump to the water.
V
20
I just can (-) 3 pieces of
clothes because ...
I must (-) the fact that I need
...
We can (-) holiday in Bali
because my father ...
We (-) breakfast, we went to
Tanjung Benoa.
We (-) to the water.
21
We (-) for help.
We ask for help.
V
22
We (-) in elementary school.
V
23
We (-) their life.
We were at elementary
school.
We have their life.
24
We (-) the both city.
We live in the both of cities.
V
10
11
12
13
17
18
19
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
44
25
We go around that place, and
we ate in …
We never talk about...
V
26
We (-) around that place, we
ate in ...
We never (-) about ...
27
We (-) about the view.
We saw the view.
V
28
You (-) no matter.
You have no matter.
V
29
You will have a public
speaking.
You write on your absence.
V
30
You (-) about public
speaking.
You (-) in your absence.
31
You will (-) Mt. Merapi.
V
32
You (-) something.
You will come to Merapi
mountain.
You have something.
33
You (-) relax.
You are relax.
V
34
You have the best music to
clear your mind.
You become a part of it. It
teaches you …
You are in the class. You
also learn ..
You are happy.
V
37
You (-) best music to clear
your mind.
You (-) part of it. Its teach
you how ...
You (-) in the class, you also
learned ...
You (-) happy.
38
You (-) down.
You are down.
V
39
You (-) happy. Solo the
unique city of java.
You (-) for the rest of your
life.
You guys (-) Bali, dont forget
to drop ...
They (-) graduate.
You are happy. Solo is the
unique city in Java.
You live for the rest of your
life.
you are in Bali, do not forget
to drop by ..
They are graduated.
V
They (-) angry, even
sometime we don't ...
They (-) angry for. And they
are a sleepyhead ...
They (-) better, at find a nice
spot.
They (-) common things.
They are angry, even
sometime we don't ...
They are angry for. And they
are a sleepyhead ...
They are better to find nice
spot.
They are common things.
V
35
36
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
45
47
They (-) both the same role
...
They (-) both the most
successful women in ...
They all (-) alike.
They have the same role ...
V
They are the most successful
women in ...
They all are alike.
V
They do not get enough
attention.
They like banana very much.
V
51
They (-) not get enough or
attention.
They (-) banana very much.
52
Sh (-) very comfortly.
She is very comfortable.
V
53
She immediately (-) me to my
room.
He (-) patient and work hard
at the same ....
He can (-) martial arts like
Wushu ...
He (-) just a traitor.
She immediately comes to
my room.
He is patient and works hard
at the same time ...
He can do martial arts as
Wushu ...
He is a traitor.
V
He (-) part of the basketball
team.
He (-) training for 5 years at
his agency.
It (-) with sand and four
colours.
It (-) in any area of Bali.
He is a member of the
basketball team.
He has been training for 5
years.
It has the sand and four
colours.
It is in any area of Bali.
V
It (-) name, kind, colour,
other characteristics.
It (-) to think that the man ...
It has the name, kind, colour,
and other characteristics.
it was to think that the man ...
V
It is "Nasi Liwet". Nasi Liwet
is ...
It is from Saturday night to
Sunday morning.
It has some grave yards.
V
65
It (-) "Nasi Liwet". Nasi
Liwet is ...
It (-) in the Saturday night
until Sunday morning.
It (-) some the graveyards.
66
It (-) in the other country.
It is on the other country.
V
67
It (-) easily. Dota 2 has a ...
It is easy. Dota 2 has ...
V
68
It (-) like there is no ...
It is like there is no ...
V
48
49
50
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
46
69
It is easy as soon as I start
the....
It is excessive.
V
70
It (-) easily as soon as I start
the ...
It (-) excessively.
71
It (-) with a black fatbar.
It has a black fatbar.
V
72
It (-) with my best friend.
He is my best friend.
V
73
It (-) into EXO's albums.
It is in Exo albums.
V
74
It (-) for about three dollars.
It is about three dollars.
V
75
It is in every place in the
world.
We eat it with our teeth
directly.
It is anywhere.
V
77
It (-) in every place in the
world.
We (-) with our teeth
directly.
It (-) anywhere.
78
I (-) by myself.
I take it by myself.
V
79
It (-) now.
It is now.
V
80
It (-) at the end of the day.
It is at the end of the day.
V
81
It is lighter and easer to be
carried.
It is from the storage box.
V
82
It (-) light and easy to be
carried.
It (-) from the storage box.
83
It (-) me for example.
It is me for example.
V
84
It (-) in Malioboro 2 days
before I went to ...
It (-) in my bag and it is
make ...
It (-) interesting part of pens.
It was in malioboro two days V
before I went to ...
It is in my bag, and it makes... V
It is interserting part of pens.
V
It (-) in a pocket, and
becomes long.
It (-) for great comfortness
when we write.
It (-) in my heart until now.
It is in my pocket, and
becomes long.
It is for great comfort things
when we write.
It has been in my heart until
now.
It is on Instagram. They
become more serious when
V
76
85
86
87
88
89
90
It (-) on Instagram. They
become more serious when ...
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
47
…
91
It (-) as our compass.
It is as our compass.
V
92
It (-) while practicing.
It is while practicing.
V
93
It (-) still the part of arts.
It is still the past of arts.
V
94
It (-) clear
It is clear.
V
95
It is exactly located at the
highlands of ...
It is on the map
V
96
It (-) exatly location in the
highlands of ...
It (-) on the map.
97
It (-) crowded the town.
It is crowded town.
V
98
It (-) uncool.
It was not cool.
V
99
It (-) so cute.
It is so cute.
V
100
It (-) always Zedva
It is always Zedya.
V
101
It (-) other competitor.
It is other competitor.
V
102
It (-) the "truly sport".
It is a true sport.
V
103
It (-) a competition.
It is a competition.
V
104
It (-) one of them.
It is one of them.
V
105
It (-) also with bamboo and
flat lava ...
(-) it Bandar Lampung or
Manado? Both town is ...
It (-) be about anything.
It is also with bamboo and
flat lava ...
Is it Bandar Lampung or
Manado? Both towns are ….
It is about anything.
V
It (-) because in several sides
it has a ...
It (-) because I afraid that
people would be ...
It (-) because there is no
limitation of time ...
It (-) because I have played
similar ...
It is because several sides
have ...
It is because I am afraid that
people would be ...
It is because there is no
limitation of time ...
It is because I have played
similar ...
V
106
107
108
109
110
111
V
V
V
V
V
V
48
112
It (-) everywhere.
It is everywhere.
V
113
It (-) rather than I add.
It is rather than I add.
V
114
It (-) about 2014 when I was
in Senior High school ...
It (-) our primer light.
It was about 2014 when I was
in senior high school ...
It is our primer light.
V
It is on the small cupboard in
the left side ...
Is it practical and
economical? Because I think
...
It is for tomorrow.
V
118
It (-) on the small cupboard
in the left side ...
(-) It practical and
economical? Because, i think
...
It (-) for tomorrow.
119
It (-) on the next day.
It is on the next day.
V
120
It (-) some different name
and different ...
It (-) because of we have
much traditional language.
It (-) too much.
It has some different names
and different ...
It is because we have many
traditional languages.
It is too much.
V
We can enjoy the exoticism
of Bali.
It is everything to me.
V
124
It (-) and enjoy the exotism
of Bali!
It (-) everything to me.
125
It (-) the student activity.
It is the student’s activity.
V
126
It (-) the winner.
It is the winner.
V
127
It (-) different ability and
skill.
He (-) academicians.
It has different abilities and
skills.
He is an academician.
V
115
116
117
121
122
123
128
129
130
131
132
He training for 5 years at his
agency.
It start with a soft melody.
He has been training for 5
years at his agency.
It is started with a soft
melody.
I awake, I was in the hospital. I was awake, I was in a
hospital.
(-)You often lose your safety Do you often lose your safety
pins?
pin?
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
Aux
Aux
Aux
Aux
49
133
Aux
136
I practice now until, I still
cant ...
I tearing the wrapper.
I am afraid that they would
do some actions.
I was required to have skills
in …
I have been practicing until
now, but I still cannot …
I am tearing the wrapper.
137
He (-) academicians.
He is an academician.
A
138
I was kid, my parents chose
book for me.
I no longer need to go to (-)
traditional market.
I remember was a stranger
who gave ...
I still remember was in Bali
with my ...
When I was a kid, my parents
chose a book for me.
I no longer need to go to a
traditional market.
I remember that there was a
stranger who gave ...
I still remember when I was
in Bali with my …
A
134
135
139
140
141
I afraid they would do some
actions.
I required to be skilled in ...
Aux
Aux
Aux
A
Conj
S
The table above presented the subject-verb agreement error sentences in
omission found on the essay writing class at LTC of UMY. Based on finding, it
reflect that students composed incomplete sentences, it shows that there were
many sentences which did not have a verb. It is not a sentences if did not contain
or have a verb. The other finding was about the omission of auxiliary verb, the
students ommit the auxiliary verb in a sentence. Even auxiliary verb only used as
helping verb which is functioned to explain the main verb, but it is important in
making a complete sentence. Then, the finding also on the ommission of article.
The students ommit article an/a before a noun. Also, the students ommit the
conjunction when a sentence had two verb. A sentence at least consist of one
subject and one verb, if in a sentence have one subject and two verb, it need a
conjuntion. Last, the students ommit subject. Thus, it conclude that omission error
type was found in the use of subject-verb agreement on essay writing class at LTC
of UMY.
50
Addition. The table below presented some samples that include in addition
error. Addition errors occurs when the students put an aspect of language that is
not needed in the sentence (Ellis,2003). From the analysis, it concluded that the
variation from addition errors were four variations. The variation were addition of
auxiliary verb (Aux), verb (V), subject (S), and possessive adjective (Poss Adj).
Table 7.
Error Types Addition
No. The Error Sentences
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
I still remember was in Bali
with my ...
I am is the main building,
Auschwitz-IT Birkenau ...
I am have the main
concentration camp ...
I will can borrowed my
sister's clothes.
I am was tearing the wrapper
and also the bubble wrap ...
I can just lock the box by
twisting ...
We must also be able to
maintain the ...
We are will decided back to
hotel because we were ...
We just we will repeated the
same old ...
We must to did activity at
home and ...
We know is Batu City is the
best.
We all will have had the same
experience in ...
They are is kind of unique
creature that have ...
They are will can be real
creature near to me.
She has is enough for her only,
but ...
The Correct Sentences
Variation
I still remember when I
was in Bali with my ...
I am in the main building,
Auschwitz-IT Birkenau ...
I have the main
concentration camp ...
I can borrow my sister’s
clothes.
I was tearing the wrapper
and also the bubble wrap ...
I can lock the box by
twisting ...
We must be able to
maintain the ...
We decided to back to the
hotel because we were …
We will repeat the same old
...
We must do the activity at
home and ...
We know that Batu city is
the best.
We will have the same
experience in ...
They are kind of unique
creatures that have ...
They can be real creatures
near to me.
She is enough for her only,
but ...
Aux
Aux
Aux
Aux
Aux
Aux
Aux
Aux
Aux
Aux
Aux
Aux
Aux
Aux
Aux
51
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
It is starts to overwhelmed,
that...
It is has habits.
It starts to overwhelmed,
that ...
It has habits.
Aux
It is have feeling makes that
wants some ...
I was will in Senior high
School, it ...
We was began our first game
and i found ...
They is said. Kind of alien's
language.
You is leaved this world.
It makes my feeling want
some ...
I was in senior high school,
it ….
We began our first game,
and I found ...
They said kinds of alien’s
language.
You leaved this world.
Aux
It is already have been
provided by their owner.
I was just know that day.
When boa, my favorite ...
She has eyeballs is just like
the other ...
I have was in some shelfs in
my ...
I screaned started doing fan
chants.
I want spend time more in
Bali, but ...
It is main economic centre is
Muntilan market.
It is usually has night market.
It has already been
provided by the owner.
I just knew when boa, my
favorite … , was
Her eyeballs are like other
…
I have some shelfs in my ...
Aux
I screaned and started
doing fans chants.
I wanted to spend more
time in Bali, but …
Muntilan market is the main
economic center.
It usually has a night
market.
They sell Dandangan as a
unique tradition.
I want to spend more time
in Bali, but …
I had to work hard for …
V
(-)there is a bathroom.
S
I had to work hard for …
S
They (-) work until they
realize it.
Poss Adj
They sell makes Dandangan to
be unique tradition.
I want spend time more in
Bali, but ...
I want I had to work hard for
...
It there is a bath room.
I want I had to work hard for
...
They their work until they
realize it.
Aux
Aux
Aux
Aux
Aux
Aux
Aux
Aux
V
V
V
V
V
V
52
The table above presented the subject-verb agreement error sentences in
addition found on the essay writing class at LTC of UMY. Based on the finding, it
shows that students add more than one auxiliary verb in a sentence. The next
finding was about the addition verb or called as double verb without conjuntion. A
sentence could have more than one verb, but there should be a conjuntion. The
next finding was on addition of subject or called as double subject without
conjuction on it. The last, the addition of possession adjective. The students did
not mastered about possesive adjective because influenced by first language,
which in this research is Bahasa Indonesia . Thus, it conclude that addition error
type was found in the use of subject verb agreement on essay writing class at LTC
of UMY.
Misorderings. The table below presented some samples that include in
misorderings errors. Misorderings errors occurs when the students put incorrect
command of part of speech in the sentence (Ellis,2003). It means the students
misarrange the sentences. From the analysis, it concluded that the variation from
misordering errors were five variations. The variations were misordering verb (V),
noun (N), adverb (Adv), subject- verb (S-V), and adjective (Adj).
Table 8.
Error Types Misordering
No.
The Error Sentences
The Correct Sentences
Variation
What you are going to do is
to prepare the tools and ...
I like calling him Zeyda.
V
2
You gonna do is prepare the
tools and ...
I like him calling Zedva.
3
I arrive already in there.
V
4
I eat always spicy.
I have already arrived
there.
I always eat spicy food.
1
V
V
53
5
6
7
8
I am required skilled to be in
...
We reserved can only at
12.00 ...
You would and the same do
...
They singing, drawing,
playing, dancing,mostly in ...
They say like to-pa-ti-ti-to- ...
I am skilled in.....
V
We can only reserve at 12.00 V
...
You would do the same ...
V
V
She that used protected to
me, care for ...
He more looks a lion like
than a cat.
It like looks fun.
They mostly sing, draw, play,
and dance in ..
They like to say to-pa-ti-tito-...
She used to protect me and
care for …
He looks more a lion than a
cat.
It looks like fun.
I in the former paragraph had
told how ...
I can took some pictures
beautiful in here.
I can took some pictures
beautiful in here.
I have ever had one special
my ...
We can also change the color
hair.
You got are the size small
pictures.
You gonna do is the tools
prepare and ...
You provide a money lot
because ...
He gets doll panda from his
fans because ...
It is the activity student that
you being ...
It have ability different.
I told how on the previous
paragraph ...
I could take some beautiful
pictures here.
I could take some beautiful
pictures here.
I have ever had my special
one.
We can also change the hair
color.
You got the small size
pictures.
What you are going to do is
to prepare the tools and ....
You provide a lot of money
because ...
He gets a panda doll from
his fans because ...
It belongs to students’
activity that you being ...
It has different abilities.
V
26
I was enough old.
I want to spend more time in
Bali.
I have been practicing
drawing until now.
I was old enough.
Adv
25
I want spend time more in
Bali.
I practice draw now until.
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
V
V
V
V
V
Np
Np
Np
Np
Np
Np
Np
Np
Np
Adv
Adj
54
27
Ever I fell. Where in this
experience I ...
I ever feel. Where in this
experience I ...
S-V
The table above presented the subject-verb agreement error sentences in
misordering found on the essay writing class at LTC of UMY. Based on the
finding, it shows that students did incorrect placement in a sentence, mostly in
using a verb. The students misoder the position of a verb in a sentence. Another
finding was on misordering noun phrase, adverb, subject-verb and adjective.
Students did the incorrect sentences because they tended to have lack of grammar
mastery which was turned not to be able to produce correct placement of verbs.
The findings were in line with Saad and Sawalmeh (2014) who stated that foreign
language learners still make inappropriate or wrong placement of verb in sentence
making which appeared the incorrect sentence in spoken since they are still
influenced from lack of grammar mastery. Thus, it conclude that misordering
error type was found in the use of subject verb agreement on essay writing class at
LTC of UMY .
To conclude, the first research question about what are the error types that
occur in the students essay on IR essay writing class at LTC of UMY batch 2016
was answered. The error type that occur were all error types namely
misformation, omission, addition and misordering. Then, for answering the
second reseach question about the number of the error, and the percentage would
be explained below.
Errors of subject-verb percentage. From the Ant Concordance program,
the researcher summarized the finding into table below. This table showed the
number of the sentences that was already shorted by keywords using Ant
55
Concordance Programs. To calculate the error’s percentage, it needs the number
of all sentences include the correct subject-verb agreement and the error subjectverb agreement. Finally, this table presents the number of total sentences, number
of correct subject-verb agreement, error subject-verb agreement and the error
percentage. From the table below, it conclude that the total error of essay
documents from their mid-term assessment of IR major batch 2016 was 14.19%.
Table 9.
General number of Subject Verb Agreement errors
Keywords Total
Sentence
Correct S-V
Agreement
Error S-V Agreement
Total Error
Percentage
Number
Number Percentage Number
Percentage
I
949
857
90.30%
92
9.70%
3.60%
We
397
362
91.19%
35
8.81%
1.40%
You
185
153
82.70%
32
17.30%
1.23%
They
246
220
89.40%
26
10.60%
1.01%
She
76
64
84.20%
12
15.80%
0.50%
He
173
145
83.80%
28
16.20%
1.10%
It
555
417
75.10%
138
24.90%
5.35%
Total
2,581
2,218
85.94%
363
14.06%
14.19%
From the table above, it showed that the total sentences that contain seven
keywords from sample was 2,581 sentences. Than, total number of correct
subject- verb agreement sentences was 2,218 sentences or 85.94%. The total
number of error subject-verb agreement sentences was 363 sentences or 14.06%.
To conclude, using the total sentences that contain seven keywords then showed
56
that the total percentage of subject-verb agreement that found in essays writing
class documents’ of IR students batch 2016 at LTC of UMY was 14.19%.
The general number of table below was the the details for the second
research question, which ask about the percentage of subject- verb agreement
error producing by IR students’ essay writing class at LTC of UMY batch 2016.
Later, it will be presented a table that showed the exact number and the percentage
of subject- verb agreement error based on the error type for each keywords.
Table 10.
S-V A Errors types number and it’s percentage
Key
word
s
Misformations
Omissions
Additions
Misorderings
Total
N
P
N
P
N
P
N
P
N
P
I
41
11.30%
25
7.00%
14
3.90%
12
3.30%
92
25.34%
We
15
4.13%
11
3.03%
7
2.00%
2
0.60%
35
9.70%
You
11
3.03%
15
4.13%
1
0.30%
5
1.40%
32
8.81%
They
9
2.48%
10
2.80%
5
1.40%
2
0.60%
26
7.16%
She
7
2.00%
2
0.60%
2
0.60%
1
0.30%
12
3.30%
He
18
5.00%
8
2.20%
0
0.00%
2
0.60%
28
7.71%
It
58
16.00%
70
19.30%
7
2.00%
3
1.00%
138
38.01%
141
38.90%
36
10.00
%
27
7.50%
363
100%
Tota 159 43.80%
l
Note : N = Number
P = Percentage
Finally, from those two tables, it concluded that subject-verb agreement
error found in the essays document on IR essay writing class batch 2016 at LTC
of UMY. The error that found included all four error types namely misformations,
57
omissions, additions, and misorderings. However, it was not that every subjectverb agreement keywords’ had all of error types. For keywords “I”, “We”,
“You”,“They”, “She”,and “It” had all of errors type which were addition,
misformation, misordering, and omission. However, for keywords “He” it did not
have all of error type. They only had tree error types, which were misformation,
misordering, and omission. They did not have addition error type on it. Then, the
total amount of subject-verb agreement error was 363 or 14.19% and according to
the level classification (Sugiono, 2010) it categorized in low level of error.