wami profile tagged final Nov08
A Profile of the Wami River Sub-Basin
June 2008
Prepared by the Tanzania Coastal Management Partnership for Sustainable Coastal
Communities and Ecosystems in Tanzania
a
This report is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United
States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of the
Coastal Resources Center at the University of Rhode Island. This report was financed under
Cooperative Agreement 623-A-00-05-00339-00.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Foreword
.................................................................................................................................................................... ii
Acknowledgments .........................................................................................................................................................iii
Acronyms
...................................................................................................................................................................iv
1.
Background .......................................................................................................................................................... 1
５１＃
Ｗｋｈ＃Ｇｈｑｌｑｊ＃Ｆｋｄｕｄｆｗｈｕｌｖｗｌｆｖ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃Ｕｌｙｈｕ＃Ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｈｖｗｘｄｕ｜.................................................... 1
＃
６１＃
７１＃
５１４＃
Ｗｋｈ＃Ｕｌｙｈｕ＃Ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ................................................................................................................................. 1
2.2
The Estuary ............................................................................................................................................... 7
Ｋｘｐｄｑ＃Ｘｖｈｖ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｗｈｕｖｋｈｇ .......................................................................................................................... 7
Ｗｋｈ＃Ｌｐｓｄｆｗｖ＃ｒｉ＃Ｋｘｐｄｑ＃Ｄｆｗｌｙｌｗｌｈｖ＃ｒｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｈｖｗｘｄｕ｜／＃Ｕｌｙｈｕ＃Ｅｄｖｌｑ／＃
and Freshwater Flows ...................................................................................................................................... 13
８１＃
Ｓｒｗｈｑｗｌｄｏ＃Ｉｘｗｘｕｈ＃Ｗｋｕｈｄｗｖ＃ｗｒ＃Ｉｕｈｖｋｚｄｗｈｕ＃Ｌｑｒｚｖ＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｈｖｗｘｄｕ｜＃Ｋｈｄｏｗｋ ........................................................ 15
6.
Major Stakeholders and their Interests........................................................................................................... 16
：１＃
Ｗｋｈ＃Ｊｒｙｈｕｑｄｑｆｈ＃Ｖ｜ｖｗｈｐ＃ｉｒｕ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃Ｕｌｙｈｕ＃Ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｈｖｗｘｄｕ｜........................................................ 17
；１＃
Ｕｈｆｒｐｐｈｑｇｄｗｌｒｑｖ＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｒｓｓｒｕｗｘｑｌｗｌｈｖ ........................................................................................................... 19
Contact Information...................................................................................................................................................... 20
Ｕｈｉｈｕｈｑｆｈｖ＃
.................................................................................................................................................................. 21
List of Tables
Ｗｄｅｏｈ＃４＃
Ｖｘｐｐｄｕ｜＃ｒｉ＃ｄｙｄｌｏｄｅｏｈ＃ｖｗｕｈｄｐ＃ｒｚ＃ｕｈｆｒｕｇｖ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ............................................ 4
Ｗｄｅｏｈ＃５１＃＃ Ｄｙｈｕｄｊｈ＃ｇｄｌｏ｜＃ｒｚ＃ｄｗ＃ｖｌ｛＃ｊｄｊｌｑｊ＃ｖｗｄｗｌｒｑｖ................................................................................................. 5
Ｗｄｅｏｈ＃６１＃＃ Ｖｈｄｖｒｑｄｏ＃ｆｒｑｗｕｌｅｘｗｌｒｑ＃ｗｒ＃ｄｑｑｘｄｏ＃ｒｚ＃ｙｒｏｘｐｈｖ＃ｄｗ＃ｙｈ＃ｊｄｊｌｑｊ＃ｖｗｄｗｌｒｑｖ ............................................... 6
Ｗｄｅｏｈ＃７１＃＃ Ｗｕｈｑｇ＃ｌｑ＃ｖｈｄｖｒｑｄｏ＃ｐｈｄｑ＃ｒｚｖ＃ｄｗ＃ｖｈｏｈｆｗｈｇ＃ｊｄｊｌｑｊ＃ｖｗｄｗｌｒｑｖ..................................................................... 6
Ｗｄｅｏｈ＃８１＃＃ Ｓｒｓｘｏｄｗｌｒｑ＃ｊｕｒｚｗｋ＃ｕｄｗｈｖ＃ｌｑ＃ｖｈｏｈｆｗｈｇ＃ｙｌｏｏｄｊｈｖ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ ......................................... 8
Table 6.
Trends in river basin and estuary threats ............................................................................................... 15
Table 7.
Major stakeholders and their interests.................................................................................................... 16
List of Figures
Figure 1. Location of river basins draining the Eastern Arc Mountains .............................................................. 2
Ｉｌｊｘｕｈ＃５１＃＃ Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ .................................................................................................................................. 3
Ｉｌｊｘｕｈ＃６＃＃ Ｗ｜ｓｌｆｄｏ＃ｖｈｄｖｒｑｄｏ＃ｕｄｌｑｉｄｏｏ＃ｓｄｗｗｈｕｑｖ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ０Ｕｘｙｘ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｅｄｖｌｑ１........................................................ 4
Ｉｌｊｘｕｈ＃７１＃＃ Ｚｄｐｌ０Ｕｘｙｘ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ＃ｊｄｊｌｑｊ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｐｈｗｈｒｕｒｏｒｊｌｆｄｏ＃ｖｗｄｗｌｒｑｖ......................................................... 5
Ｉｌｊｘｕｈ＃８１＃＃ Ｖｈｄｖｒｑｄｏ＃ｒｚ＃ｓｄｗｗｈｕｑ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃........................................................................................................... 6
Ｉｌｊｘｕｈ＃９１＃＃ Ｖｓｄｗｌｄｏ＃ｙｄｕｌｄｗｌｒｑ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｖｏｒｓｈ＃ｒｉ＃ｄ＃ｏｌｑｈｄｕ＃ｗｕｈｑｇ＃ｉｒｕ＃ｄｑｑｘｄｏ＃ｒｚｖ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ０Ｕｘｙｘ１ ........................ 6
Ｉｌｊｘｕｈ＃：＃＃＃ Ｖｓｄｗｌｄｏ＃ｙｄｕｌｄｗｌｒｑ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｖｏｒｓｈ＃ｒｉ＃ｄ＃ｏｌｑｈｄｕ＃ｗｕｈｑｇ＃ｉｒｕ＃ｖｋｒｕｗ＃ｕｄｌｑｖ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ０Ｕｘｙｘ ............................. 6
Figure 8. Saadani National Park................................................................................................................................11
Ｉｌｊｘｕｈ＃＜１＃＃ Ｈｏｈｓｋｄｑｗ＃ｆｒｕｕｌｇｒｕｖ＃ｇｈｓｈｑｇｈｑｗ＃ｒｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ .............................................................. 12
Ｉｌｊｘｕｈ＃４３１＃＃Ｆｋｄｑｊｈｖ＃ｌｑ＃ｏｄｑｇ＃ｆｒｙｈｕ＃ｄｏｒｑｊ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｈｖｗｘｄｕ｜＃ｇｘｕｌｑｊ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｓｈｕｌｒｇ＃４＜＜３０５３３３........................ 14
i
FOREWORD
Ｗｋｌｖ＃ｓｕｒｏｈ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ＃ｌｖ＃ｓｕｈｓｄｕｈｇ＃ｅ｜＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｗｄｑ｝ｄｑｌｄ＃Ｆｒｄｖｗｄｏ＃Ｐｄｑｄｊｈｐｈｑｗ＃Ｓｄｕｗｑｈｕｖｋｌｓ＃＋ＷＦＰＳ，＃
ｄｑｇ＃ ｌｗｖ＃ ｏｄｑｇｖｆｄｓｈ０ｖｈｄｖｆｄｓｈ＃ ｌｑｌｗｌｄｗｌｙｈ＃ ｘｑｇｈｕ＃ ｗｋｈ＃ Ｖｘｖｗｄｌｑｄｅｏｈ＃ Ｆｒｄｖｗｄｏ＃ Ｆｒｐｐｘｑｌｗｌｈｖ＃ ｄｑｇ＃ Ｈｆｒｖ｜ｖｗｈｐｖ＃ ｓｕｒｍｈｆｗ＃
ｖｘｓｓｒｕｗｈｇ＃ｅ｜＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｗｄｑ｝ｄｑｌｄ＃ｐｌｖｖｌｒｑ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｘｑｌｗｈｇ＃Ｖｗｄｗｈｖ＃Ｄｊｈｑｆ｜＃ｉｒｕ＃Ｌｑｗｈｕｑｄｗｌｒｑｄｏ＃Ｇｈｙｈｏｒｓｐｈｑｗ＃＋ＸＶＤＬＧ，１＃＃Ｗｋｈ＃
ｌｑｗｈｑｗｌｒｑ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｓｕｒｏｈ＃ｌｖ＃ｗｒ＃ｖ｜ｑｗｋｈｖｌ｝ｈ＃ｈ｛ｌｖｗｌｑｊ＃ｌｑｉｒｕｐｄｗｌｒｑ＃ｒｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｚｌｗｋ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｊｒｄｏ＃ｒｉ＃ｓｕｒｐｒｗｌｑｊ＃ｏｄｑｇｖｆｄｓｈ０
seascape scale planning and conservation.
Ｗｋｈ＃ｓｕｒｏｈ＃ｚｄｖ＃ｖｗｄｕｗｈｇ＃ｌｑ＃Ｄｓｕｌｏ＃５３３９１＃Ｖｌｑｆｈ＃ｗｋｈｑ＃ｌｗ＃ｋｄｖ＃ｆｄｗｄｏ｜｝ｈｇ＃ｄ＃ｑｘｐｅｈｕ＃ｒｉ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｄｖｖｈｖｖｐｈｑｗｖ＃ｄｑｇ＃
ｖｘｖｗｄｌｑｄｅｏｈ＃ｇｈｙｈｏｒｓｐｈｑｗ＃ｄｆｗｌｙｌｗｌｈｖ１＃Ｗｋｈｖｈ＃ｌｑｆｏｘｇｈ＃ｄ＃ｖｗｘｇ｜＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｌｑｗｈｕｏｌｑｎｄｊｈｖ＃ｅｈｗｚｈｈｑ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｉｕｈｖｋｚｄｗｈｕ＃ｒｚｖ＃
ｄｑｇ＃Ｖｄｄｇｄｑｌ＃Ｑｄｗｌｒｑｄｏ＃Ｓｄｕｎ＃＋Ｉｈｅｕｘｄｕ｜＃５３３：，／＃ｄｑ＃ｈｆｒｏｒｊｌｆｄｏ＃ｄｖｖｈｖｖｐｈｑｗ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｈｖｗｘｄｕ｜＃＋Ｐｄｕｆｋ＃５３３：，／＃ｄｑｇ＃ｄ＃
ｑｈｚ＃ｓｕｒｍｈｆｗ＃ｖｘｓｓｒｕｗｈｇ＃ｅ｜＃ｄ＃ｓｄｕｗｑｈｕｖｋｌｓ＃ｅｈｗｚｈｈｑ＃Ｗｋｈ＃Ｆｒｆｄ０Ｆｒｏｄ＃Ｆｒｐｓｄｑ｜＃ｄｑｇ＃ＸＶＤＬＧﾷｖ＃ｊｏｒｅｄｏ＃ｚｄｗｈｕ＃ｒｉｆｈ１＃Ｗｋｈ＃
Ｚｄｗｈｕ＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｇｈｙｈｏｒｓｐｈｑｗ＃Ｄｏｏｌｄｑｆｈ＃＋ＺＤＧＤ，＃ｓｕｒｍｈｆｗ＃ｚｄｖ＃ｌｑｌｗｌｄｗｈｇ＃ｌｑ＃Ｉｈｅｕｘｄｕ｜＃５３３：１＃Ｌｗ＃ｋｄｖ＃ｄ＃４９＃ｐｒｑｗｋ＃ｗｌｐｈｉｕｄｐｈ＃
and a focus on water sanitation and education, strengthening of community organizations, environmental
ｒｚ＃ｄｖｖｈｖｖｐｈｑｗ／＃ｄｑｇ＃ｌｐｓｕｒｙｈｇ＃ｄｊｕｒ０ｌｑｇｘｖｗｕｌｄｏ＃ｈｑｙｌｕｒｑｐｈｑｗｄｏ＃ｓｕｄｆｗｌｆｈｖ１＃
ii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Ｗｋｌｖ＃ｓｕｒｏｈ＃ｚｄｖ＃ｚｕｌｗｗｈｑ＃ｅ｜＃Ｍｄｐｈｖ＃Ｗｒｅｈ｜１＃Ｌｗｖ＃ｓｕｈｓｄｕｄｗｌｒｑ＃ｚｒｘｏｇ＃ｑｒｗ＃ｋｄｙｈ＃ｅｈｈｑ＃ｓｒｖｖｌｅｏｈ＃ｚｌｗｋｒｘｗ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｖｘｓｓｒｕｗ＃ｒｉ＃
ｖｈｙｈｕｄｏ＃ｌｑｖｗｌｗｘｗｌｒｑｖ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｐｄｑ｜＃ｌｑｇｌｙｌｇｘｄｏｖ１＃Ｗｋｄｑｎｖ＃ｈｖｓｈｆｌｄｏｏ｜＃ｗｒ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｖｗｄｉｉ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃Ｕｘｙｘ＃Ｅｄｖｌｑ＃Ｚｄｗｈｕ＃Ｒｉｆｈ／＃
Ｖｄｄｇｄｑｌ＃Ｑｄｗｌｒｑｄｏ＃Ｓｄｕｎ／＃Ｐｗｌｅｚｄ＃Ｖｘｊｄｕ＃Ｈｖｗｄｗｈｖ／＃Ｏｗｇ１／＃Ｆｋｄｏｌｑ｝ｈ＃Ｚｄｗｈｕ＃Ｓｕｒｍｈｆｗ／＃ｄｑｇ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｐｌｑｌｖｗｕ｜＃ｒｉ＃Ｚｄｗｈｕ／＃ｉｒｕ＃ｗｋｈｌｕ＃
time, interest, insights and information.
Ｚｈ＃ｄｕｈ＃ｊｕｄｗｈｉｘｏ＃ｗｒ＃ｄｏｏ＃ｗｋｒｖｈ＃ｚｋｒ＃ｋｄｙｈ＃ｆｒｑｗｕｌｅｘｗｈｇ＃ｗｒ＃ｗｋｌｖ＃ｓｕｒｏｈ＃ｌｑ＃ｒｑｈ＃ｚｄ｜＃ｒｕ＃ｄｑｒｗｋｈｕ／＃ｈｖｓｈｆｌｄｏｏ｜＃ｗｒ＃Ｍｈｕｈｐｌｄｋ＃
Ｇｄｉｉｄ／＃ Ｅｕｌｄｑ＃ Ｆｕｄｚｉｒｕｇ／＃ Ｐｌｆｋｄｈｏ＃ ＰｆＦｏｄｌｑ／＃ Ｈｏｌ｝ｄｅｈｗｋ＃ Ｄｑｇｈｕｖｒｑ／＃ Ｆｄｗｋ｜＃ ＰｆＱｄｏｏ｜／＃ Ｇｒｕｈｈｑ＃ Ｖｘｐｈｕｏｌｑ／＃ Ｍｄｖｒｑ＃
Ｊｕｌｗ｝ｑｈｕ／＃Ｇｒｑｄｏｇ＃Ｕｒｅｄｇｘｈ／＃Ｈｌｙ｜＃Ｐｒｑｕｒ｜／＃Ｍｘｏｌｘｖ＃Ｖｋｌｏｘｑｊｘｖｋｈｏｄ／＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｙｈｇｄｖｗ＃Ｐｄｎｒｗｄ１
Ｏｄｖｗｏ｜／＃ｚｈ＃ｚｒｘｏｇ＃ｏｌｎｈ＃ｗｒ＃ｕｈｆｒｊｑｌ｝ｈ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｊｈｑｈｕｒｖｌｗ｜＃ｚｌｗｋ＃ｚｋｌｆｋ＃ｖｒ＃ｐｄｑ｜＃ｓｈｒｓｏｈ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ＃
ｄｑｇ＃ｈｖｗｘｄｕ｜＃ｖｋｄｕｈｇ＃ｚｌｗｋ＃ｘｖ＃ｗｋｈｌｕ＃ｒｚｑ＃ｒｅｖｈｕｙｄｗｌｒｑｖ＃ｄｅｒｘｗ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ／＃ｌｗｖ＃ｆｒｑｇｌｗｌｒｑ／＃ｘｖｈｖ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｖｋｌｑｊ＃ｄｑｇ＃
farming practices in the region.
iii
ACRONYMS
ACRONYMS
ＦＵＦ＃
Ｆｒｄｖｗｄｏ＃Ｕｈｖｒｘｕｆｈｖ＃Ｆｈｑｗｈｕ
EFA
Environmental Flows Assessment
FIU
Florida International University
GIS
Geographic Information Systems
ＪＯＲＺＶ＃
Ｊｏｒｅｄｏ＃Ｚｄｗｈｕ＃ｉｒｕ＃Ｖｘｖｗｄｌｑｄｅｏｈ＃Ｓｕｒｊｕｄｐ
GoT
Government of Tanzania
ＭＩ＃
Ｍｄｑｘｄｕ｜０Ｉｈｅｕｘｄｕ｜
ＭＭＤＶ＃
Ｍｘｑｈ０Ｍｘｏ｜０Ｄｘｊｘｖｗ０Ｖｈｓｗｈｐｅｈｕ
ＰＤＰ＃
Ｐｄｕｆｋ０Ｄｓｕｌｏ０Ｐｄ｜
ＰＲＺ＃
Ｐｌｑｌｖｗｕ｜＃ｒｉ＃Ｚｄｗｈｕ＃
MSEL
Mtibwa Sugar Estates, Ltd.
NEMC
National Environmental Management Council
ＲＱＧ＃
Ｒｆｗｒｅｈｕ０Ｑｒｙｈｐｅｈｕ０Ｇｈｆｈｐｅｈｕ
SANAPA
Saadani National Park Authority
SUCCESS
Sustainable Coastal Communities and Ecosystems
TANAPA
Tanzanian National Parks Authority
TCMP
Tanzania Coastal Management Partnership
Tsh
Tanzania shillings
ＸＵＬ＃
Ｘｑｌｙｈｕｖｌｗ｜＃ｒｉ＃Ｕｋｒｇｈ＃Ｌｖｏｄｑｇ
USAID
United States Agency for International Development
ＺＤＰＤＦＫＤ＃＃
Ｆｋｄｏｌｑ｝ｈ＃Ｚｄｗｈｕ＃Ｘｖｈｕ＃Ｄｖｖｒｆｌｄｗｌｒｑ
ＺＵＥＺＲ＃
Ｚｄｐｌ＃Ｕｘｙｘ＃Ｅｄｖｌｑ＃Ｚｄｗｈｕ＃Ｒｉｆｈ
ＺＸＤ＃
Ｚｄｗｈｕ＃Ｘｖｈｕｖ＃Ｄｖｖｒｆｌｄｗｌｒｑｖ
iv
A PROFILE OF THE WAMI RIVER SUB-BASIN AND ESTUARY
1.
Background
In an increasingly crowded world, competition for freshwater is becoming intense. Competition for freshwater
ｉｒｕ＃ｄｊｕｌｆｘｏｗｘｕｈ／＃ｌｑｇｘｖｗｕ｜＃ｄｑｇ＃ｇｒｐｈｖｗｌｆ＃ｘｖｈｖ＃ｌｖ＃ｕｈｇｘｆｌｑｊ／＃ｄｑｇ＃ｌｑ＃ｖｒｐｈ＃ｆｄｖｈｖ＃ｈｏｌｐｌｑｄｗｌｑｊ／＃ｉｕｈｖｋｚｄｗｈｕ＃ｒｚｖ＃ｗｒ＃
ｈｖｗｘｄｕｌｈｖ１＃Ｗｋｌｖ＃ｌｖ＃ｈ｛ｓｕｈｖｖｈｇ＃ｑｒｗ＃ｒｑｏ｜＃ｌｑ＃ｆｋｄｑｊｈ＃ｗｒ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｙｒｏｘｐｈ＃ｒｉ＃ｚｄｗｈｕ＃ｅｘｗ＃ｄｏｖｒ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｗｌｐｌｑｊ＃ｒｉ＃ｉｕｈｖｋｚｄｗｈｕ＃ｌｑｒｚｖ＃
and the quality of that water. Too often, the allocation of freshwater among its human users ignores the impacts
that such decisions have upon the goods and services generated by healthy estuaries. Those most negatively
affected by such changes are often the poor who are dependent on natural systems for livelihoods.
The Tanzania Coastal Management Partnership for Sustainable Coastal Communities and Ecosystems is
ｆｒｑｇｘｆｗｌｑｊ＃ｄ＃ｏｄｑｇｖｆｄｓｈ＃ｗｒ＃ｖｈｄｖｆｄｓｈ＃ｈｑｙｌｕｒｑｐｈｑｗｄｏ＃ｌｑｌｗｌｄｗｌｙｈ＃ｉｒｕ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ／＃ｚｌｗｋ＃ｄ＃ｉｒｆｘｖ＃ｒｑ＃
upstream impacts on the coastal and estuarine area. This initiative recognizes that any attempt to integrate
ｚｄｗｈｕｖｋｈｇ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｈｖｗｘｄｕ｜＃ｓｏｄｑｑｌｑｊ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｐｄｑｄｊｈｐｈｑｗ＃ｌｖ＃ｄ＃ｆｒｐｓｏｈ｛＃ｘｑｇｈｕｗｄｎｌｑｊ＃ｗｋｄｗ＃ｕｈｔｘｌｕｈｖ＃ｄｇｇｕｈｖｖｌｑｊ＃ｄ＃ｑｘｐｅｈｕ＃
of management issues simultaneously, integrating across the needs of competing user groups, and integrating
ｇｄｗｄ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｎｑｒｚｏｈｇｊｈ＃ｒｑ＃ｋｒｚ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｚｋ｜＃ｄ＃ｏｄｕｊｈ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｆｒｐｓｏｈ｛＃ｈｆｒｖ｜ｖｗｈｐ＃ｌｖ＃ｆｋｄｑｊｌｑｊ１＃
Ｗｋｌｖ＃ ｓｕｒｏｈ＃ ｒｉ＃ ｗｋｈ＃ Ｚｄｐｌ＃ ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ＃ ｇｕｄｚｖ＃ ｗｒｊｈｗｋｈｕ＃ ｄｙｄｌｏｄｅｏｈ＃ ｗｈｆｋｑｌｆｄｏ＃ ｌｑｉｒｕｐｄｗｌｒｑ／＃ ｌｑｗｈｕｙｌｈｚｖ＃ ｚｌｗｋ＃ ｄ＃
ｆｕｒｖｖ＃ ｖｈｆｗｌｒｑ＃ ｒｉ＃ ｖｗｄｎｈｋｒｏｇｈｕｖ／＃ ｄｑｇ＃ ｗｚｒ＃ ｈｏｇ＃ ｄｖｖｈｖｖｐｈｑｗｖ１＃ Ｌｑ＃Ｄｓｕｌｏ＃ ５３３９／＃ ｄ＃ ｕｈｆｒｑｑｄｌｖｖｄｑｆｈ＃ ｒｉ＃ ｗｋｈ＃ ｘｓｓｈｕ＃ ｄｑｇ＃
ｏｒｚｈｕ＃ ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ＃ ｚｄｖ＃ ｆｒｑｇｘｆｗｈｇ＃ ｄｑｇ＃ ｐｈｈｗｌｑｊｖ＃ ｚｈｕｈ＃ ｋｈｏｇ＃ ｚｌｗｋ＃ ｎｈ｜＃ ｘｖｈｕｖ＃ ｄｑｇ＃ ｖｗｄｎｈｋｒｏｇｈｕｖ／＃ ｌｑｆｏｘｇｌｑｊ＃
ｏｒｆｄｏ＃ｏｈｄｇｈｕｖ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｎｈ｜＃ｌｑｉｒｕｐｄｑｗｖ／＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃Ｕｘｙｘ＃Ｅｄｖｌｑ＃Ｚｄｗｈｕ＃Ｒｉｆｈ／＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｗｈｕ＃Ｐｌｑｌｖｗｕ｜／＃Ｖｄｄｇｄｑｌ＃Ｑｄｗｌｒｑｄｏ＃
Ｓｄｕｎ＃Ｄｘｗｋｒｕｌｗ｜／＃Ｐｗｌｅｚｄ＃Ｖｘｊｄｕ＃Ｈｖｗｄｗｈｖ／＃Ｏｗｇ１／＃ｄｑｇ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｆｋｄｏｌｑ｝ｈ０Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｚｄｗｈｕ＃ｗｕｈｄｗｐｈｑｗ＃ｓｏｄｑｗ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｖｘｓｓｏ｜＃ｖｆｋｈｐｈ１＃
Ｗｚｒ＃ｗｄｕｊｈｗｈｇ＃ｕｄｓｌｇ＃ｄｖｖｈｖｖｐｈｑｗｖ＃ｚｈｕｈ＃ｆｒｐｓｏｈｗｈｇ＃ｌｑ＃Ｉｈｅｕｘｄｕ｜＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｐｄｕｆｋ＃５３３：＃ｒｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｌｑｗｈｕｏｌｑｎｄｊｈｖ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃
ｉｕｈｖｋｚｄｗｈｕ＃ｒｚｖ＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｖｄｄｇｄｑｌ＃Ｑｄｗｌｒｑｄｏ＃Ｓｄｕｎ＃＋Ｖｘｐｈｕｏｌｑ＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｊｕｌｗ｝ｑｈｕ／＃５３３：，／＃ｄｑｇ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｆｒｑｇｌｗｌｒｑ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃
ｈｖｗｘｄｕ｜＃＋Ｄｑｇｈｕｖｒｑ＃ｄｑｇ＃ＰｆＱｄｏｏ｜／＃５３３：，１＃
Ｗｋｈ＃ｊｒｄｏ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｌｖ＃ｓｕｒｏｈ＃ｌｖ＃ｗｒ＃ｓｕｒｐｒｗｈ＃ｏｄｑｇｖｆｄｓｈ０ｖｈｄｖｆｄｓｈ＃ｖｆｄｏｈ＃ｓｏｄｑｑｌｑｊ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｆｒｑｖｈｕｙｄｗｌｒｑ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃
ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ１＃Ｗｋｈ＃ｖｓｈｆｌｆ＃ｒｅｍｈｆｗｌｙｈｖ＃ｄｕｈ＃ｗｒ＝＃
ｒ＃
Ｇｈｖｆｕｌｅｈ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｋｘｐｄｑ＃ｘｖｈｖ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｘｓｖｗｕｈｄｐ＃ｘｖｈｕ＃ｗｋｕｈｄｗｖ＃ｗｒ＃ｇｒｚｑｖｗｕｈｄｐ＃ｚｄｗｈｕ＃
ｒｚｖ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｈｖｗｘｄｕｌｑｈ＃ｋｈｄｏｗｋ
o
Describe governance systems
ｒ＃
Ｇｈｑｈ＃ｎｈ｜＃ｖｗｄｎｈｋｒｏｇｈｕ＃ｊｕｒｘｓｖ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｗｋｈｌｕ＃ｌｑｗｈｕｈｖｗｖ
o
Identify major gaps in information as well as priorities for further analysis and management
５１＃
Ｗｋｈ＃Ｇｈｑｌｑｊ＃Ｆｋｄｕｄｆｗｈｕｌｖｗｌｆｖ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃Ｕｌｙｈｕ＃Ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｈｖｗｘｄｕ｜
５１４＃＃ Ｗｋｈ＃Ｕｌｙｈｕ＃Ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ
Ｚｈ＃ｘｖｈ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｗｈｕｐ＃Ｕｌｙｈｕ＃Ｅｄｖｌｑ＃ｗｒ＃ｐｈｄｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｄｕｈｄ＃ｇｕｄｌｑｈｇ＃ｅ｜＃ｄ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｌｗｖ＃ｗｕｌｅｘｗｄｕｌｈｖ１＃Ｌｗ＃ｌｑｆｏｘｇｈｖ＃ｄｏｏ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｈｆｒｖ｜ｖｗｈｐｖ＃
within the basin, such as mountains, forests, woodlands, wetlands, pastures, agricultural areas and urban
concentrations. The same geomorphological unit is often referred to as a drainage basin, a catchment or a
watershed.
The main connection between the lower and upper reaches of a river basin and its component ecosystems is
water. Those who live and work at the downstream end of a river basin depend upon the good conduct of
those who use the upper reaches to ensure that adequate quantities and quality of water percolates from the
upstream reaches to the downstream users.
Ｗｋｈ＃４＜；４＃Ｚｄｗｈｕ＃Ｄｆｗ＃ｄｐｈｑｇｐｈｑｗ＃ｌｑｗｕｒｇｘｆｈｇ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｆｒｑｆｈｓｗ＃ｒｉ＃ｐｄｑｄｊｌｑｊ＃ｚｄｗｈｕ＃ｘｖｈ＃ｅｄｖｈｇ＃ｒｑ＃ｋ｜ｇｕｒｏｒｊｌｆｄｏ＃ｘｑｌｗｖ＃
ｆｄｏｏｈｇ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｅｄｖｌｑｖ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｌｑ＃４＜；＜／＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｐｌｑｌｖｗｈｕ＃ｕｈｖｓｒｑｖｌｅｏｈ＃ｉｒｕ＃Ｚｄｗｈｕ＃Ｄｉｉｄｌｕｖ＃ｊｄ｝ｈｗｗｈｇ＃ｑｌｑｈ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｅｄｖｌｑｖ／＃ｌｑｆｏｘｇｌｑｊ＃
ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ０Ｕｘｙｘ＃Ｕｌｙｈｕ＃Ｅｄｖｌｑ１＃＃Ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ０Ｕｘｙｘ＃ｅｄｖｌｑ＃ｌｖ＃ｒｑｈ＃ｒｉ＃ｉｒｘｕ＃ｅｄｖｌｑｖ＃ｗｋｄｗ＃ｇｕｄｌｑ＃ｌｑｗｒ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｌｑｇｌｄｑ＃Ｒｆｈｄｑ１＃Ｗｋｈ＃
ｗｒｗｄｏ＃ｄｕｈｄ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ０Ｕｘｙｘ＃Ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｅｄｖｌｑ＃ｌｖ＃ｄｅｒｘｗ＃：５／＜６３＃ｎｐ2１＃Ｒｉ＃ｗｋｌｖ＃ｗｒｗｄｏ＃ｄｕｈｄ／＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｖ｜ｖｗｈｐ＃ｈｑｆｒｐｓｄｖｖｈｖ＃
1
about 40,000 km2＃ ｄｑｇ＃ ｆｕｒｖｖｈｖ＃ ｗｋｈ＃ ｓｒｏｌｗｌｆｄｏ＃ ｅｒｘｑｇｄｕｌｈｖ＃ ｒｉ＃ ｉｒｘｕ＃ ｄｇｐｌｑｌｖｗｕｄｗｌｙｈ＃ Ｕｈｊｌｒｑｖ＞＃ ｑｄｐｈｏ｜＃ Ｇｒｇｒｐｄ／＃
Ｐｒｕｒｊｒｕｒ／＃Ｗｄｑｊｄ＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｆｒｄｖｗ＃Ｕｈｊｌｒｑｖ１＃
Ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｒｕｌｊｌｑｄｗｈｖ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｆｄｗｆｋｐｈｑｗ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｘｎｄｊｘｕｘ／＃Ｕｘｅｈｋｒ／＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｑｊｘｕｘ＃ｐｒｘｑｗｄｌｑ＃ｕｄｑｊｈｖ／＃ｚｋｌｆｋ＃ｄｕｈ＃ｄｏｏ＃
ｓｄｕｗ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｈｄｖｗｈｕｑ＃Ｄｕｆ＃ｆｋｄｌｑ＃ｒｉ＃ｐｒｘｑｗｄｌｑｖ＃ｌｑ＃Ｎｈｑ｜ｄ＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｗｄｑ｝ｄｑｌｄ＃＋ｖｈｈ＃Ｉｌｊｘｕｈ＃４，１＃Ｗｋｈ＃Ｈｄｖｗｈｕｑ＃Ｄｕｆ＃Ｐｒｘｑｗｄｌｑｖ＃ｄｕｈ＃
recognized as one of 25 globally important “hot spots” for forest biodiversity in need of immediate conservation
ｄｆｗｌｒｑ１＃Ｗｋｈ＃Ｈｄｖｗｈｕｑ＃Ｄｕｆ＃Ｐｒｘｑｗｄｌｑｖ＃ｄｕｈ＃ｇｌｕｈｆｗｏ｜＃ｏｌｑｎｈｇ＃ｗｒ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｌｑｇｌｄｑ＃Ｒｆｈｄｑ１＃Ｓｕｈｇｒｐｌｑｄｑｗｏ｜＃Ｈｄｖｗｈｕｏ｜＃Ｗｕｄｇｈ＃Ｚｌｑｇｖ＃
from the ocean are forced to rise, cool and are converted to precipitation on the mountains. The main source of
water for the lowlands, which are the main population centers, is therefore the Eastern Arc Mountains.
Figure 1. Location of river basins draining the Eastern Arc Mountains
＋ｖｒｘｕｆｈ＝＃Ｉｒｕｈｖｗｕ｜＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｅｈｈｎｈｈｓｌｑｊ＃Ｇｌｙｌｖｌｒｑ／＃５３３８，
Ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｇｕｄｌｑｖ＃ｌｑｗｒ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｌｑｇｌｄｑ＃Ｒｆｈｄｑ＃ｍｘｖｗ＃ｗｒ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｖｒｘｗｋ＃ｒｉ＃Ｖｄｄｇｄｑｌ＃ｙｌｏｏｄｊｈ１＃Ｉｌｊｘｕｈ＃５＃ｖｋｒｚｖ＃ｖｒｐｈ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｉｈｄｗｘｕｈｖ＃
ｒｉ＃ｏｄｑｇ＃ｆｒｙｈｕ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｗｒｚｑｖ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ１＃
2
Ｉｌｊｘｕｈ＃５１＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ
Ｕｄｌｑｉｄｏｏ＃ ｄｑｄｏ｜ｖｌｖ１＃ Ｄ＃ ｇｈｗｄｌｏｈｇ＃ ｋｌｖｗｒｕｌｆｄｏ＃ ｄｑｄｏ｜ｖｌｖ＃ ｒｉ＃ ｖｈｄｖｒｑｄｏ＃ ｕｄｌｑｉｄｏｏ＃ ｓｄｗｗｈｕｑｖ＃ ｌｑ＃ ｗｋｈ＃ Ｚｄｐｌ＃ ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ＃
ｌｑｇｌｆｄｗｈｖ＃ｗｋｄｗ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｓｕｌｐｄｕ｜＃ｕｄｌｑ｜＃ｖｈｄｖｒｑ＃ｌｖ＃Ｐｄｕｆｋ０Ｐｄ｜＃＋ＰＤＰ，／＃ｇｕ｜＃ｖｈｄｖｒｑ＃ｌｖ＃Ｍｘｑｈ０Ｖｈｓｗｈｐｅｈｕ＃＋ＭＭＤＶ，／＃ｖｋｒｕｗ＃ｕｄｌｑｖ＃
ｌｑ＃Ｒｆｗｒｅｈｕ０Ｇｈｆｈｐｅｈｕ＃＋ＲＱＧ，＃ｄｑｇ＃ｌｑｗｈｕｐｈｇｌｄｗｈ＃ｖｈｄｖｒｑ＃ｉｕｒｐ＃Ｍｄｑｘｄｕ｜０Ｉｈｅｕｘｄｕ｜＃＋ＭＩ，＃＋Ｉｒｕｈｖｗｕ｜＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｅｈｈｎｈｈｓｌｑｊ＃
Ｇｌｙｌｖｌｒｑ／＃５３３８，１＃＃Ｄｘｊｘｖｗ＃ｌｖ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｇｕｌｈｖｗ＃ｐｒｑｗｋ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ＃ｚｋｌｏｈ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｋｌｊｋｈｖｗ＃ｕｄｌｑｉｄｏｏ＃ｄｐｒｘｑｗｖ＃ｄｕｈ＃ｐｄｌｑｏ｜＃
ｈ｛ｓｈｕｌｈｑｆｈｇ＃Ｐｄｕｆｋ２Ｄｓｕｌｏ１＃Ｈｄｆｋ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈｖｈ＃ｖｈｄｖｒｑｖ＃ｋｄｖ＃ｄ＃ｖｓｈｆｌｆ＃ｑｄｐｈ＃ｌｑ＃Ｎｌｖｚｄｋｌｏｌ＝＃ｏｒｑｊ＃ｕｄｌｑｖ＃＋Ｎｘｖｌ，／＃ｖｋｒｕｗ＃ｕｄｌｑｖ＃
＋Ｐｄｏｈｏｈｍｌ，／＃ｇｕ｜＃ｖｈｄｖｒｑ＃＋Ｓｄｕｄｗｄ｝ｄ２Ｎｘｖｌ，＃ｄｑｇ＃ｌｑｗｈｕｐｈｇｌｄｗｈ＃ｖｈｄｖｒｑ＃＋Ｎｄｖｎｄ｝ｌ，１＃
3
Ｉｌｊｘｕｈ＃６＃Ｗ｜ｓｌｆｄｏ＃ｖｈｄｖｒｑｄｏ＃ｕｄｌｑｉｄｏｏ＃ｓｄｗｗｈｕｑｖ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ０Ｕｘｙｘ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｅｄｖｌｑ１＃Ｗｋｈ＃ｙｈｕｗｌｆｄｏ＃ｐｄ｛ｌｐｘｐ＃ｌｖ＃６３３＃
ｐｐ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｌｑｗｈｕｙｄｏ＃ｌｖ＃８３＃ｐｐ＃ｚｋｌｏｈ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｋｒｕｌ｝ｒｑｗｄｏ＃ｄ｛ｌｖ＃ｌｖ＃ｉｕｒｐ＃Ｖｈｓｗｈｐｅｈｕ＃＋ｏｈｉｗ，＃ｗｒ＃Ｄｘｊｘｖｗ＃＋ｕｌｊｋｗ，１＃Ｖｒｘｕｆｈ＝＃
Forestry and Beekeeping Division, 2005, p. 31.
Ｇｈｆｕｈｄｖｌｑｊ＃ｄｙｈｕｄｊｈ＃ｖｈｄｖｒｑｄｏ＃ｕｄｌｑｉｄｏｏ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ＃ｒｆｆｘｕｕｈｇ＃ｉｕｒｐ＃４＜９７＃ｗｒ＃４＜＜６＃ｉｒｕ＃ｄｏｏ＃ｖｈｄｖｒｑｖ＃ｈ｛ｆｈｓｗ＃
ｗｋｈ＃ ｖｋｒｕｗ＃ ｕｄｌｑｖ＃ ｅｈｗｚｈｈｑ＃ Ｒｆｗｒｅｈｕ＃ ｄｑｇ＃ Ｇｈｆｈｐｅｈｕ＃ ＋Ｉｒｕｈｖｗｕ｜＃ ｄｑｇ＃ Ｅｈｈｎｈｈｓｌｑｊ＃ Ｇｌｙｌｖｌｒｑ／＃ ５３３８／＃ ｓ１＃ ６４，１＃ Ｌｑ＃ ｈｄｖｗｈｕｑ＃
Ｗｄｑ｝ｄｑｌｄ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｕｈｊｌｒｑ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ／＃ｗｋｈｕｈ＃ｄｕｈ＃ｄｑｈｆｇｒｗｄｏ＃ｕｈｓｒｕｗｖ＃ｒｉ＃ｇｕｒｘｊｋｗ＃ｆｒｑｇｌｗｌｒｑｖ＃ｄｑｇ＃
ｇｈｆｕｈｄｖｈｇ＃ｇｕ｜＃ｖｈｄｖｒｑ＃ｅｄｖｈ＃ｒｚｖ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｒｙｈｕ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｓｄｖｗ＃ｙｈ＃｜ｈｄｕｖ１＃Ｕｄｌｑｉｄｏｏ＃ｇｄｗｄ＃ｗｋｕｒｘｊｋ＃５３３６＃ｓｕｒｙｌｇｈｇ＃ｅ｜＃
ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ０Ｕｘｙｘ＃Ｚｄｗｈｕ＃Ｅｄｖｌｑ＃Ｒｉｆｈ＃ｌｑｇｌｆｄｗｈ＃ｄ＃ｇｒｚｑｚｄｕｇ＃ｗｕｈｑｇ＃ｌｑ＃ｓｕｈｆｌｓｌｗｄｗｌｒｑ＃＋Ｖｘｐｈｕｏｌｑ＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｊｕｌｗ｝ｑｈｕ／＃５３３：，１＃＃
Ｇｘｕｌｑｊ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｏｒｚｈｖｗ＃ｒｚ＃ｓｈｕｌｒｇ／＃ｗｋｈ＃ｏｒｚｈｕ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｌｖ＃ｕｈｇｘｆｈｇ＃ｗｒ＃ｄ＃ｖｈｕｌｈｖ＃ｒｉ＃ｕｈｖｌｇｘｄｏ＃ｓｒｒｏｖ＃ｆｒｑｑｈｆｗｈｇ＃ｅ｜＃ｄ＃
shallow stream. Since the share of agriculture that is rain fed is high in Tanzania, this trend increases food
ｌｑｖｈｆｘｕｌｗ｜１＃Ｓｕｈｇｌｆｗｌｒｑｖ＃ｉｒｕ＃ｆｏｌｐｄｗｈ＃ｆｋｄｑｊｈ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｕｈｊｌｒｑ＃ｄｏｖｒ＃ｌｑｇｌｆｄｗｈ＃ｗｋｄｗ＃ｖｘｅ０Ｖｄｋｄｕｄｑ＃Ｄｉｕｌｆｄ＃ｚｌｏｏ＃ｅｈ＃ｄｗ＃ｕｌｖｎ＃ｉｒｕ＃
ｉｒｒｇ＃ｖｈｆｘｕｌｗ｜＃＋Ｆｒ０ｒｓｈｕｄｗｌｙｈ＃Ｓｕｒｊｕｄｐ＃ｒｑ＃Ｚｄｗｈｕ＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｆｏｌｐｄｗｈ／＃５３３９，１＃
Ｖｗｕｈｄｐｒｚ＃ｄｑｄｏ｜ｖｌｖ１＃Ｄ＃ｖ｜ｖｗｈｐ＃ｒｉ＃５６＃ｒｚ＃ｊｄｊｌｑｊ＃ｖｗｄｗｌｒｑｖ＃ｚｄｖ＃ｈｖｗｄｅｏｌｖｋｈｇ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ０Ｕｘｙｘ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｅｄｖｌｑ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃
４＜８３ｖ＃ｄｑｇ＃４＜９３ｖ１＃Ｉｒｘｕｗｈｈｑ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃５６＃ｚｈｕｈ＃ｏｒｆｄｗｈｇ＃ｒｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ１＃Ｗｋｈ＃ｊｄｊｌｑｊ＃ｖｗｄｗｌｒｑｖ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｄｙｄｌｏｄｅｏｈ＃
records are shown in Table 1.
Ｗｄｅｏｈ＃４１＃Ｖｘｐｐｄｕ｜＃ｒｉ＃ｄｙｄｌｏｄｅｏｈ＃ｖｗｕｈｄｐ＃ｒｚ＃ｕｈｆｒｕｇｖ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ
Station Ｕｌｙｈｕ
Location
Lat.
Long.
Ｄｕｈｄ＃＋ｎｐ2，
1G1
Ｚｄｐｌ
Dawawa
０９１７６６６
37.5333
28,488
1G2
Ｚｄｐｌ＃
Mandera
０９１５６６６
38.4000
36,450
1G5A
Tami
Msowero
０９１８４：５
37.2114
1G6
Kisangata
Mvumi
０９１９４９：
37.1833
404
1GA1A Lukigura
Ｎｌｐｄｐｅｄ＃Ｕｇ１＃Ｅｕ１
０９１；３３３
37.8000
1,060
1GA2
Mziha
Ｐ｝ｌｋｄ＃＋Ｎｌｐｄｐｅｄ， ０９１＜３３３
37.7833
178
1GB1A Diwale
Ngomeni
０９１４９９：
37.6167
1GD2
Mkondoa
Kilosa
０９１；６６６
37.0000
17,560
1GD14
Kinyasungwe
Gulwe
０９１７６６６
35.4167
11,103
1GD16
Kinyasungwe
Ｎｒｑｊｚｄ２Ｇｒｇｒｐｄ ０９１５３３３
36.2833
9,570
1GD29
Mkondoa
Mbarahwe
０９１８＜８；
36.7833
475
1GD30
Lumuma
Kilimalulu
０９１９；６６
36.6667
502
1GD31
Mdukwe
Mdukwe
０９１；６４４
36.9333
460
1GD36
Mkata
Mkata
０９１：９６４
37.3686
Ｖｒｘｕｆｈ＝＃Ｉｒｕｈｖｗｕ｜＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｅｈｈｎｈｈｓｌｑｊ＃Ｇｌｙｌｖｒｑ／＃５３３８１
4
Available records
４＜８６０；６
４＜８７０；７
４＜９７０；６
４＜８８０９＜
４＜９７０；４
４＜９７０；＜
４＜９７０；＜
４＜８５０；４
４＜８：０：：
４＜８；０；７
４＜９＜０＜６
４＜９＜０：８
４＜９＜０５３３５
４＜：６０：；
Ｌｑ＃ ５３３９／＃ ｗｋｈ＃ ＺＵＥＺＲ＃ ｕｈｋｄｅｌｏｌｗｄｗｈｇ＃ ４５＃ ｖｗｕｈｄｐ＃ ｒｚ＃ ｊｄｘｊｈ＃ ｖｗｄｗｌｒｑｖ１＃ Ｗｋｈ＃ ｏｒｆｄｗｌｒｑ＃ ｒｉ＃ ｗｋｈ＃ ｖｗｄｗｌｒｑｖ＃ ｌｖ＃ ｖｋｒｚｑ＃ ｌｑ＃
Figure 4.
Ｉｌｊｘｕｈ＃７１＃Ｚｄｐｌ０Ｕｘｙｘ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ＃ｊｄｊｌｑｊ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｐｈｗｈｒｕｒｏｒｊｌｆｄｏ＃ｖｗｄｗｌｒｑｖ
Ｕｘｑｒｉｉ＃ｉｕｒｐ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｇｒｇｒｐｄ＃ｕｈｊｌｒｑ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｓｏｄｌｑｖ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｏｒｚｈｕ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｌｖ＃ｏｒｚ＃ｇｘｈ＃ｗｒ＃ｋｌｊｋ＃ｕｄｗｈｖ＃ｒｉ＃
ｈｙｄｓｒｕｄｗｌｒｑ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｏｒｚ＃ｓｕｈｆｌｓｌｗｄｗｌｒｑ１＃Ｐｒｖｗ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｒｚ＃＋ｄｅｒｘｗ＃９３＃ｗｒ＃：３＃ｓｈｕｆｈｑｗ，＃ｄｗ＃Ｐｄｑｇｈｕｄ＃
ｖｗｄｗｌｒｑ＃ ＋４Ｊ５，＃ ｒｕｌｊｌｑｄｗｈｖ＃ ｉｕｒｐ＃ ｄ＃ ｖｐｄｏｏ＃ ｓｄｕｗ＃ ｒｉ＃ ｗｋｈ＃ ｆｄｗｆｋｐｈｑｗ＃ ｒｑ＃ ｗｋｈ＃ ｖｏｒｓｈｖ＃ ｒｉ＃ Ｑｊｘｕｘ／＃ Ｘｎｄｊｘｕｘ＃ ｄｑｇ＃ Ｕｘｅｈｋｒ＃
ｐｒｘｑｗｄｌｑｖ＃ｅｈｆｄｘｖｈ＃ｗｋｈｖｈ＃ｄｕｈｄｖ＃ｋｄｙｈ＃ｐｘｆｋ＃ｋｌｊｋｈｕ＃ｕｄｌｑｉｄｏｏ＃＋Ｖｋｌｏｘｑｊｘｖｋｈｏｄ／＃５３３：，１
Ｄｙｈｕｄｊｈ＃ｇｄｌｏ｜＃ｒｚｖ＃＋ＤＧＩ，＃ｉｒｕ＃ｖｈｏｈｆｗｈｇ＃ｊｄｊｌｑｊ＃ｖｗｄｗｌｒｑｖ＃ｈｖｗｄｅｏｌｖｋｈｇ＃ｉｕｒｐ＃ｄｙｄｌｏｄｅｏｈ＃ｕｈｆｒｕｇｖ＃ｄｕｈ＃ｖｋｒｚｑ＃ｌｑ＃Ｗｄｅｏｈ＃５＝
Ｗｄｅｏｈ＃５１＃Ｄｙｈｕｄｊｈ＃ｇｄｌｏ｜＃ｒｚ＃ｄｗ＃ｖｌ｛＃ｊｄｊｌｑｊ＃ｖｗｄｗｌｒｑｖ
Flow Gauge – tributary and location
４Ｊ４＃ﾲ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｄｗ＃Ｇｄｎｄｚｄ＃ｅｕｌｇｊｈ
４Ｊ５＃ﾲ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｄｗ＃Ｐｄｑｇｈｕｄ
1GA1A – Lukigura at Kimamba road bridge
４ＪＤ５＃ﾲ＃Ｐ｝ｌｋｄ＃ｄｗ＃Ｐ｝ｌｋｄ＃＋Ｎｌｐｄｐｅｄ，
1GD2 – Mkondoa at Kilosa
1GD31 – Mdukwe at Mdukwe
Ｖｒｘｕｆｈ＝＃Ｉｒｕｈｖｗｕ｜＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｅｈｈｎｈｈｓｌｑｊ＃Ｇｌｙｌｖｌｒｑ／＃５３３８１＃
ＤＧＩ＃＋ｐ６＃２ｖ，
25.8
60.6
3.98
1.28
10.15
4.58
（＃｝ｈｕｒ＃ｒｚｖ
0.0
0.6
36.3
17.1
0.2
0.0
Ｗｋｈ＃ｖｐｄｏｏ＃ｓｈｕｆｈｑｗｄｊｈ＃ｒｉ＃ｇｄ｜ｖ＃ｚｌｗｋ＃｝ｈｕｒ＃ｒｚｖ＃ｌｑｇｌｆｄｗｈｖ＃ｗｋｄｗ＃ｐｒｖｗ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｕｌｙｈｕｖ＃ｄｕｈ＃ｓｈｕｈｑｑｌｄｏ＃ｄｏｗｋｒｘｊｋ＃ｖｒｐｈ＃ｇｕ｜＃
up during relatively dry years.
Ｉｌｊｘｕｈ＃８＃ｖｋｒｚｖ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｖｈｄｖｒｑｄｏ＃ｒｚ＃ｓｄｗｗｈｕｑ＃ｉｒｕ＃Ｐｄｑｇｈｕｄ＃ｖｗｄｗｌｒｑ＃＋４Ｊ５，１＃Ｌｗ＃ｖｋｒｚｖ＃ｏｒｚｈｖｗ＃ｒｚｖ＃ｌｑ＃Ｒｆｗｒｅｈｕ＃ｄｑｇ＃
ｋｌｊｋｈｖｗ＃ｌｑ＃Ｄｓｕｌｏ２Ｐｄ｜１＃
5
Mean flow (m3/s)
225
200
175
150
125
100
75
50
25
0
Sep
1G2
Oct
Nov
Wettest Month:
April/May
Driest month:
October
Seasonal pattern: Transition
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Ｉｌｊｘｕｈ＃８１＃Ｖｈｄｖｒｑｄｏ＃ｒｚ＃ｓｄｗｗｈｕｑ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃＋ｖｒｘｕｆｈ＝＃Ｉｒｕｈｖｗｕ｜＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｅｈｈｎｈｈｓｌｑｊ＃Ｇｌｙｌｖｌｒｑ／＃５３３８，
Ｗｄｅｏｈ＃６＃ｖｋｒｚｖ＃ｗｋｄｗ＃ｄｅｒｘｗ＃７８０９３＃ｓｈｕｆｈｑｗ＃ｒｉ＃ｄｑｑｘｄｏ＃ｒｚ＃ｙｒｏｘｐｈｖ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ＃ｒｚ＃ｇｘｕｌｑｊ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｏｒｑｊ＃
ｕｄｌｑｖ＃＋ＰＤＰ，１＃
Ｗｄｅｏｈ＃６１＃Ｖｈｄｖｒｑｄｏ＃ｆｒｑｗｕｌｅｘｗｌｒｑ＃ｗｒ＃ｄｑｑｘｄｏ＃ｒｚ＃ｙｒｏｘｐｈｖ＃ｄｗ＃ｙｈ＃ｊｄｊｌｑｊ＃ｖｗｄｗｌｒｑｖ
Ｖｈｄｖｒｑｄｏ＃ｆｒｑｗｕｌｅｘｗｌｒｑ＃ｗｒ＃ｄｑｑｘｄｏ＃ｒｚ＃ｙｒｏｘｐｈ＃＋（，
Ｌｑｗｈｕｐｈｇｌｄｗｈ＃Ｖｈｄｖｒｑ＃＋ＭＩ，
Ｏｒｑｊ＃ｕｄｌｑｖ＃＋ＰＤＰ， Ｇｕ｜＃ｖｈｄｖｒｑ＃＋ＭＭＤＶ，
1G1
19
55
19
1G2
16
60
16
1G5A
17
49
22
1GB1A
11
50
27
1GD31
17
45
26
Ｖｒｘｕｆｈ＝＃Ｉｒｕｈｖｗｕ｜＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｅｈｈｎｈｈｓｌｑｊ／＃５３３８
Station
Ｖｋｒｕｗ＃ｕｄｌｑｖ＃＋ＲＱＧ，
7
8
12
12
12
Ｗｕｈｑｇ＃ｄｑｄｏ｜ｖｌｖ＃ｒｉ＃ｄｑｑｘｄｏ＃ｒｚｖ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ＃ｖｋｒｚｖ＃ｄ＃ｓｕｈｇｒｐｌｑｄｑｆｈ＃ｒｉ＃ｇｈｆｏｌｑｌｑｊ＃ｒｚｖ＃ｗｋｕｒｘｊｋｒｘｗ＃ｗｋｈ＃
｜ｈｄｕ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ／＃ｚｌｗｋ＃ｄ＃ｓｕｈｇｒｐｌｑｄｑｆｈ＃ｒｉ＃ｇｈｆｏｌｑｌｑｊ＃ｒｚｖ＃ｌｑ＃ｈｄｆｋ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｉｒｘｕ＃ｖｈｄｖｒｑｖ＃ﾲ＃ｏｒｑｊ＃ｕｄｌｑｖ／＃
ｇｕ｜＃ｖｈｄｖｒｑ／＃ｖｋｒｕｗ＃ｕｄｌｑｖ／＃ｄｑｇ＃ｌｑｗｈｕｐｈｇｌｄｗｈ＃ｖｈｄｖｒｑ＃＋Ｉｒｕｈｖｗｕ｜＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｅｈｈｎｈｈｓｌｑｊ／＃５３３８，１＃Ｖｈｄｖｒｑｄｏ＃ｒｚ＃ｇｈｆｕｈｄｖｈｖ＃ｌｑ＃
ｏｒｑｊ＃ｕｄｌｑｖ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｇｕ｜＃ｖｈｄｖｒｑ＃ｄｕｈ＃ｐｒｖｗ＃ｖｌｊｑｌｆｄｑｗ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃＋ｅｄｖｈｇ＃ｒｑ＃Ｐｇｘｎｚｈ＃ｖｗｄｗｌｒｑ＃４ＪＧ６４＃ｇｄｗｄ，＃ｖｌｑｆｈ＃ｗｋｈ＃
ｈｄｕｏ｜＃４＜＜３ﾷｖ１＃Ｗｋｈ＃ｕｈｖｘｏｗｖ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｕｈｑｇ＃ｄｑｄｏ｜ｖｌｖ＃ｄｕｈ＃ｖｋｒｚｑ＃ｌｑ＃Ｗｄｅｏｈ＃７＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｉｌｊｘｕｈｖ＃９＃ｄｑｇ＃：＃ｅｈｏｒｚ１
Ｗｄｅｏｈ＃７１＃Ｗｕｈｑｇ＃ｌｑ＃ｖｈｄｖｒｑｄｏ＃ｐｈｄｑ＃ｒｚｖ＃ｄｗ＃ｖｈｏｈｆｗｈｇ＃ｊｄｊｌｑｊ＃ｖｗｄｗｌｒｑｖ
Station
Useful records
Trend
Intermediate
ｖｈｄｖｒｑ＃＋ＭＩ，
1G1
４＜８７＃０＃４＜；６
0.31
1G2
４＜８８＃０＃４＜；４
０３１７９
1G5A
４＜９８＃０＃４＜；６
０３１；；
1GD31
４＜９＜＃０＃５３３５
０４１８５
Ｖｒｘｕｆｈ＝＃Ｉｒｕｈｖｗｕ｜＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｅｈｈｎｈｈｓｌｑｊ／＃５３３８
Figure 6. Spatial variation of the slope of a linear
ｗｕｈｑｇ＃ｉｒｕ＃ｄｑｑｘｄｏ＃ｒｚｖ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ０Ｕｘｙｘ＃ｅｄｖｌｑ１＃
＼ｈｏｏｒｚ＃ｗｕｌｄｑｊｏｈｖ＃ｌｑｇｌｆｄｗｈ＃ｇｈｆｕｈｄｖｌｑｊ＃ｗｕｈｑｇｖ＃＋ｖｒｘｕｆｈ＝＃＃
Ｉｒｕｈｖｗｕ｜＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｅｈｈｎｈｈｓｌｑｊ／＃５３３８，
6
Long rains
＋ＰＤＰ，
０４１７：
０４１７５
０５１４９
０４１３８
Dry season
＋ＭＭＤＶ，
０４１７７
０５１６６
０５１３；
０４１：：
Short rains
＋ＲＱＧ，
0.56
０３１４７
０５１３；
０４１３：
Annual
０３１９５
０４１５；
０４１６９
０４１３８
Figure 7 Spatial variation of the slope of a linear trend
ｉｒｕ＃ｖｋｒｕｗ＃ｕｄｌｑｖ＃＋ＲＱＧ，＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ０Ｕｘｙｘ＃ｅｄｖｌｑ１＃＼ｈｏｏｒｚ＃
ｗｕｌｄｑｊｏｈｖ＃ｌｑｇｌｆｄｗｈ＃ｇｈｆｕｈｄｖｌｑｊ＃ｗｕｈｑｇｖ＃＋ｖｒｘｕｆｈ＝＃Ｉｒｕｈｖｗｕ｜＃
ｄｑｇ＃Ｅｈｈｎｈｈｓｌｑｊ／＃５３３８，
５１５＃Ｗｋｈ＃Ｈｖｗｘｄｕ｜1
Ｗｋｈ＃ｏｒｚｈｕ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｈｆｒｖ｜ｖｗｈｐ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｈｖｗｘｄｕ｜＃ｖｘｓｓｒｕｗｖ＃ｄｅｘｑｇｄｑｗ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｇｌｙｈｕｖｈ＃ｅｌｕｇ＃ｏｌｉｈ／＃ｖｋ／＃ｋｌｓｓｒｖ／＃ｆｕｒｆｒｇｌｏｈｖ／＃
and well preserved mangrove forests. The salty marsh estuaries close to the river are home for pelican and
ｄｐｌｑｊｒ＃ｚｋｌｆｋ＃ｆｒｐｈ＃ｗｒ＃ｉｈｈｇ＃ｒｑ＃ｖｋ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｆｕｘｖｗｄｆｈｄｑｖ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｖｈｄ１＃Ｗｋｈ＃ｓｕｈｙｄｌｏｌｑｊ＃ｖｓｈｆｌｈｖ＃ｒｉ＃ｐｄｑｊｕｒｙｈｖ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃
ｈｖｗｘｄｕ｜＃ ｄｕｈ＃ Ｄｙｌｆｈｑｑｌｄ＃ ｐｄｕｌｑｄ＃ ＋Ｙｈｕｅｈｑｄｆｈｄｈ，＃ ｄｑｇ＃ ｗｋｕｈｈ＃ ｖｓｈｆｌｈｖ＃ ｒｉ＃ Ｕｋｌ｝ｒｓｋｒｕｄｆｈｄｈ＃ ＋Ｕｋｌ｝ｒｓｋｒｕｄ＃ ｐｘｆｕｒｑｄｗｄ＃
ｒｕ＃ ｐｎｒｎｒ／＃ Ｅｕｘｊｘｌｈｕｄ＃ ｊ｜ｐｑｒｕｕｋｌ｝ｄ＃ ｒｕ＃ ｐｖｌｑｇｌ＃ ｄｑｇ＃ Ｆｈｕｌｒｓｖ＃ ｗｄｖｊｄｏ＃ ｒｕ＃ ｐｎｄｑｇｄｄ，１＃ Ｗｋｈ＃ ｐｄｑｊｕｒｙｈｖ＃ ｖｘｓｓｒｕｗ＃ ｄｑ＃
ｈ｛ｗｈｑｖｌｙｈ＃ｌｑｗｈｕｗｌｇｄｏ＃ｖｋｈｕ｜＃ｄｑｇ＃ｓｕｒｙｌｇｈ＃ｑｘｕｖｈｕ｜＃ｊｕｒｘｑｇｖ＃ｉｒｕ＃ｄ＃ｑｄｗｌｒｑｄｏｏ｜＃ｌｐｓｒｕｗｄｑｗ＃ｓｕｄｚｑ＃ｌｑｇｘｖｗｕ｜１＃Ｐｄｑｊｕｒｙｈｖ＃
also protect the coastline against destructive waves, enhance water quality, retain sediments and nutrients,
ｄｑｇ＃ｓｕｒｙｌｇｈ＃ｋｄｅｌｗｄｗ＃ｉｒｕ＃ｖｋ／＃ｅｌｕｇ＃ｖｓｈｆｌｈｖ／＃ｋｌｓｓｒｖ／＃ｆｕｒｆｒｇｌｏｈｖ／＃ｄｑｇ＃ｐｒｑｎｈ｜ｖ１＃
The lives and livelihoods of people living in villages along and near the estuary are tightly linked to the
ｈｑｙｌｕｒｑｐｈｑｗｄｏ＃ｖｈｕｙｌｆｈｖ＃ｗｋｄｗ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｈｖｗｘｄｕ｜＃ｓｕｒｙｌｇｈｖ１＃＃Ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｈｖｗｘｄｕ｜＃ｄｑｇ＃ｑｈｄｕｅ｜＃ｆｒｄｖｗｄｏ＃ｄｕｈｄｖ＃ｖｘｓｓｒｕｗ＃
ｒｑｈ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｐｒｖｗ＃ｌｐｓｒｕｗｄｑｗ＃ｄｕｗｌｖｄｑｄｏ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｆｒｐｐｈｕｆｌｄｏ＃ｓｕｄｚｑ＃ｖｋｈｕｌｈｖ＃ｌｑ＃Ｗｄｑ｝ｄｑｌｄ１＃＃Ｄｗ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｐｒｘｗｋ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃
ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｏｌｈｖ＃ｄ＃ｖｐｄｏｏ＃ｖｋｌｑｊ＃ｆｄｐｓ／＃ｋｒｐｈ＃ｗｒ＃ｄｅｒｘｗ＃４３３＃ｓｈｒｓｏｈ＃ｚｋｒｖｈ＃ｐｄｌｑ＃ｖｒｘｕｆｈ＃ｒｉ＃ｉｒｒｇ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｌｑｆｒｐｈ＃ｄｕｈ＃ｖｋ＃ｗｋｄｗ＃
ｌｑｋｄｅｌｗ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｈｖｗｘｄｕ｜＃ｄｑｇ＃ｑｈｄｕｅ｜＃ｒｉｉｖｋｒｕｈ＃ｄｕｈｄｖ１＃＃＃Ｍｘｖｗ＃ｑｒｕｗｋ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｄｏｒｑｊ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｌｑｇｌｄｑ＃Ｒｆｈｄｑ＃ｆｒｄｖｗｏｌｑｈ＃
ｌｖ＃Ｖｄｄｇｄｑｌ＃Ｙｌｏｏｄｊｈ／＃ｒｑｈ＃ｒｉ＃Ｗｄｑ｝ｄｑｌｄﾷｖ＃ｒｏｇｈｖｗ＃ｋｘｐｄｑ＃ｖｈｗｗｏｈｐｈｑｗｖ１＃＃Ｓｕｄｚｑ＃ｖｋｈｕｌｈｖ＃ｇｕｌｙｈ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｏｒｆｄｏ＃ｈｆｒｑｒｐ｜＃ｒｉ＃
Ｖｄｄｇｄｑｌ＃Ｙｌｏｏｄｊｈ１＃＃Ｉｌｖｋｈｕｖ＃ｚｒｕｎｌｑｊ＃ｌｑ＃ｊｕｒｘｓｖ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｚｒ＃ｘｖｈ＃ｖｈｌｑｈ＃ｑｈｗｖ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｖｋ＃ｄｗ＃ｏｒｚ＃ｗｌｇｈ＃ｖｗｄｑｇｌｑｊ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｚｄｗｈｕ＃ｘｓ＃
ｗｒ＃ｗｋｈｌｕ＃ｆｋｈｖｗ１＃Ｑｈｄｕｏ｜＃ｄｏｏ＃ｐｈｑ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｙｌｏｏｄｊｈ＃ｄｕｈ＃ｌｑｙｒｏｙｈｇ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｓｕｄｚｑ＃ｖｋｈｕ｜＃ｌｑ＃ｖｒｐｈ＃ｚｄ｜＃ｄｑｇ＃ｇｘｕｌｑｊ＃ｓｈｄｎ＃
ｗｌｐｈｖ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃｜ｈｄｕ／＃ｗｋｈ＃ｓｒｓｘｏｄｗｌｒｑ＃ｌｑｆｕｈｄｖｈｖ＃ｇｕｄｐｄｗｌｆｄｏｏ｜＃ｄｖ＃ｖｋｈｕｐｈｑ＃ｉｕｒｐ＃ｒｗｋｈｕ＃ｓｄｕｗｖ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｆｒｄｖｗｏｌｑｈ＃ｐｌｊｕｄｗｈ＃
ｗｒ＃Ｖｄｄｇｄｑｌ＃Ｙｌｏｏｄｊｈ＃ｉｒｕ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｓｕｄｚｑ＃ｖｈｄｖｒｑ１＃＃
Ｗｋｈ＃ｓｈｄｎ＃ｖｈｄｖｒｑ＃ｉｒｕ＃ｓｕｄｚｑ＃ｖｋｌｑｊ＃ｒｆｆｘｕｖ＃ｅｈｗｚｈｈｑ＃Ｐｄｕｆｋ＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｐｄ｜／＃ｄｑｇ＃ｗｋｈｑ＃ｗｋｈｕｈ＃ｌｖ＃ｄｑｒｗｋｈｕ＃ｖｐｄｏｏｈｕ＃ｓｈｄｎ＃
that occurs between September and December. These seasons correspond with transitional and wet periods
ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃Ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ１＃Ｇｘｕｌｑｊ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｓｈｄｎ＃ｖｋｌｑｊ＃ｖｈｄｖｒｑ／＃ｖｒｐｈ＃｝ｒｑｄｗｌｒｑ＃ｒｆｆｘｕｖ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｇｌｖｗｕｌｅｘｗｌｒｑ＃ｄｑｇ＃
ｄｅｘｑｇｄｑｆｈ＃ｒｉ＃ｓｕｄｚｑｖ＃ｌｑ＃ｆｒｄｖｗｄｏ＃ｄｕｈｄｖ＃ｑｒｕｗｋ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｐｒｘｗｋ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ１＃＃Ｄｆｆｒｕｇｌｑｊ＃ｗｒ＃ｏｒｆｄｏ＃ｖｋｈｕｐｈｑ／＃
ｑｈｄｕ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｖｗｄｕｗ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｐｄｕｆｋ０Ｐｄ｜＃ｓｈｄｎ＃ｖｈｄｖｒｑ／＃ｗｋｈ＃ｆｄｗｆｋ＃ｌｖ＃ｅｈｖｗ＃ｄｕｒｘｑｇ＃Ｖｄｄｇｄｑｌ＃Ｙｌｏｏｄｊｈ＃＋Ｄｑｇｈｕｖｒｑ＃ｄｑｇ＃ＰｆＱｄｏｏ｜／＃
５３３：，１＃＃Ｄｖ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｖｈｄｖｒｑ＃ｓｕｒｊｕｈｖｖｈｖ／＃ｖｋｌｉｗｖ＃ｒｆｆｘｕ＃ｌｑ＃ｓｕｄｚｑ＃ｇｌｖｗｕｌｅｘｗｌｒｑ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｄｅｘｑｇｄｑｆｈ１＃Ｗｒｚｄｕｇ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｈｑｇ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｓｈｄｎ＃
ｖｋｌｑｊ＃ｖｈｄｖｒｑ／＃ｆｄｗｆｋ＃ｌｖ＃ｅｈｖｗ＃ｌｑ＃ｙｌｏｏｄｊｈｖ＃ｑｒｕｗｋ＃ｒｉ＃Ｖｄｄｇｄｑｌ１＃＃Ｏｒｆｄｏ＃ｖｋｈｕｐｈｑ＃ｆｏｄｌｐ＃ｗｋｄｗ＃ｗｋｈｖｈ＃ｖｋｌｉｗｖ＃ｄｕｈ＃ｇｕｌｙｈｑ＃ｅ｜＃
ｆｋｄｑｊｈｖ＃ｌｑ＃ｚｌｑｇｖ／＃ｕｄｗｋｈｕ＃ｗｋｄｑ＃ｅｈｌｑｊ＃ｄ＃ｕｈｖｓｒｑｖｈ＃ｗｒ＃ｓｕｄｚｑ＃ｖｋｌｑｊ＃ｓｕｈｖｖｘｕｈｖ＃＋Ｄｑｇｈｕｖｒｑ＃ｄｑｇ＃ＰｆＱｄｏｏ｜／＃５３３：，１
Ｏｒｆｄｏ＃ｖｋｈｕｐｈｑ＃ｄｆｎｑｒｚｏｈｇｊｈ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｌｐｓｒｕｗｄｑｆｈ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｈｖｗｘｄｕ｜＃ｄｑｇ＃ｒｉ＃ｉｕｈｖｋｚｄｗｈｕ＃ｒｚｖ＃ｗｒ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｓｕｄｚｑ＃
ｖｋｈｕ｜＃ ｄｕｒｘｑｇ＃ Ｖｄｄｇｄｑｌ＃ Ｙｌｏｏｄｊｈ１＃ ＃ Ｉｕ
June 2008
Prepared by the Tanzania Coastal Management Partnership for Sustainable Coastal
Communities and Ecosystems in Tanzania
a
This report is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United
States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of the
Coastal Resources Center at the University of Rhode Island. This report was financed under
Cooperative Agreement 623-A-00-05-00339-00.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Foreword
.................................................................................................................................................................... ii
Acknowledgments .........................................................................................................................................................iii
Acronyms
...................................................................................................................................................................iv
1.
Background .......................................................................................................................................................... 1
５１＃
Ｗｋｈ＃Ｇｈｑｌｑｊ＃Ｆｋｄｕｄｆｗｈｕｌｖｗｌｆｖ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃Ｕｌｙｈｕ＃Ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｈｖｗｘｄｕ｜.................................................... 1
＃
６１＃
７１＃
５１４＃
Ｗｋｈ＃Ｕｌｙｈｕ＃Ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ................................................................................................................................. 1
2.2
The Estuary ............................................................................................................................................... 7
Ｋｘｐｄｑ＃Ｘｖｈｖ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｗｈｕｖｋｈｇ .......................................................................................................................... 7
Ｗｋｈ＃Ｌｐｓｄｆｗｖ＃ｒｉ＃Ｋｘｐｄｑ＃Ｄｆｗｌｙｌｗｌｈｖ＃ｒｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｈｖｗｘｄｕ｜／＃Ｕｌｙｈｕ＃Ｅｄｖｌｑ／＃
and Freshwater Flows ...................................................................................................................................... 13
８１＃
Ｓｒｗｈｑｗｌｄｏ＃Ｉｘｗｘｕｈ＃Ｗｋｕｈｄｗｖ＃ｗｒ＃Ｉｕｈｖｋｚｄｗｈｕ＃Ｌｑｒｚｖ＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｈｖｗｘｄｕ｜＃Ｋｈｄｏｗｋ ........................................................ 15
6.
Major Stakeholders and their Interests........................................................................................................... 16
：１＃
Ｗｋｈ＃Ｊｒｙｈｕｑｄｑｆｈ＃Ｖ｜ｖｗｈｐ＃ｉｒｕ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃Ｕｌｙｈｕ＃Ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｈｖｗｘｄｕ｜........................................................ 17
；１＃
Ｕｈｆｒｐｐｈｑｇｄｗｌｒｑｖ＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｒｓｓｒｕｗｘｑｌｗｌｈｖ ........................................................................................................... 19
Contact Information...................................................................................................................................................... 20
Ｕｈｉｈｕｈｑｆｈｖ＃
.................................................................................................................................................................. 21
List of Tables
Ｗｄｅｏｈ＃４＃
Ｖｘｐｐｄｕ｜＃ｒｉ＃ｄｙｄｌｏｄｅｏｈ＃ｖｗｕｈｄｐ＃ｒｚ＃ｕｈｆｒｕｇｖ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ............................................ 4
Ｗｄｅｏｈ＃５１＃＃ Ｄｙｈｕｄｊｈ＃ｇｄｌｏ｜＃ｒｚ＃ｄｗ＃ｖｌ｛＃ｊｄｊｌｑｊ＃ｖｗｄｗｌｒｑｖ................................................................................................. 5
Ｗｄｅｏｈ＃６１＃＃ Ｖｈｄｖｒｑｄｏ＃ｆｒｑｗｕｌｅｘｗｌｒｑ＃ｗｒ＃ｄｑｑｘｄｏ＃ｒｚ＃ｙｒｏｘｐｈｖ＃ｄｗ＃ｙｈ＃ｊｄｊｌｑｊ＃ｖｗｄｗｌｒｑｖ ............................................... 6
Ｗｄｅｏｈ＃７１＃＃ Ｗｕｈｑｇ＃ｌｑ＃ｖｈｄｖｒｑｄｏ＃ｐｈｄｑ＃ｒｚｖ＃ｄｗ＃ｖｈｏｈｆｗｈｇ＃ｊｄｊｌｑｊ＃ｖｗｄｗｌｒｑｖ..................................................................... 6
Ｗｄｅｏｈ＃８１＃＃ Ｓｒｓｘｏｄｗｌｒｑ＃ｊｕｒｚｗｋ＃ｕｄｗｈｖ＃ｌｑ＃ｖｈｏｈｆｗｈｇ＃ｙｌｏｏｄｊｈｖ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ ......................................... 8
Table 6.
Trends in river basin and estuary threats ............................................................................................... 15
Table 7.
Major stakeholders and their interests.................................................................................................... 16
List of Figures
Figure 1. Location of river basins draining the Eastern Arc Mountains .............................................................. 2
Ｉｌｊｘｕｈ＃５１＃＃ Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ .................................................................................................................................. 3
Ｉｌｊｘｕｈ＃６＃＃ Ｗ｜ｓｌｆｄｏ＃ｖｈｄｖｒｑｄｏ＃ｕｄｌｑｉｄｏｏ＃ｓｄｗｗｈｕｑｖ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ０Ｕｘｙｘ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｅｄｖｌｑ１........................................................ 4
Ｉｌｊｘｕｈ＃７１＃＃ Ｚｄｐｌ０Ｕｘｙｘ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ＃ｊｄｊｌｑｊ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｐｈｗｈｒｕｒｏｒｊｌｆｄｏ＃ｖｗｄｗｌｒｑｖ......................................................... 5
Ｉｌｊｘｕｈ＃８１＃＃ Ｖｈｄｖｒｑｄｏ＃ｒｚ＃ｓｄｗｗｈｕｑ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃........................................................................................................... 6
Ｉｌｊｘｕｈ＃９１＃＃ Ｖｓｄｗｌｄｏ＃ｙｄｕｌｄｗｌｒｑ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｖｏｒｓｈ＃ｒｉ＃ｄ＃ｏｌｑｈｄｕ＃ｗｕｈｑｇ＃ｉｒｕ＃ｄｑｑｘｄｏ＃ｒｚｖ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ０Ｕｘｙｘ１ ........................ 6
Ｉｌｊｘｕｈ＃：＃＃＃ Ｖｓｄｗｌｄｏ＃ｙｄｕｌｄｗｌｒｑ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｖｏｒｓｈ＃ｒｉ＃ｄ＃ｏｌｑｈｄｕ＃ｗｕｈｑｇ＃ｉｒｕ＃ｖｋｒｕｗ＃ｕｄｌｑｖ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ０Ｕｘｙｘ ............................. 6
Figure 8. Saadani National Park................................................................................................................................11
Ｉｌｊｘｕｈ＃＜１＃＃ Ｈｏｈｓｋｄｑｗ＃ｆｒｕｕｌｇｒｕｖ＃ｇｈｓｈｑｇｈｑｗ＃ｒｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ .............................................................. 12
Ｉｌｊｘｕｈ＃４３１＃＃Ｆｋｄｑｊｈｖ＃ｌｑ＃ｏｄｑｇ＃ｆｒｙｈｕ＃ｄｏｒｑｊ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｈｖｗｘｄｕ｜＃ｇｘｕｌｑｊ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｓｈｕｌｒｇ＃４＜＜３０５３３３........................ 14
i
FOREWORD
Ｗｋｌｖ＃ｓｕｒｏｈ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ＃ｌｖ＃ｓｕｈｓｄｕｈｇ＃ｅ｜＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｗｄｑ｝ｄｑｌｄ＃Ｆｒｄｖｗｄｏ＃Ｐｄｑｄｊｈｐｈｑｗ＃Ｓｄｕｗｑｈｕｖｋｌｓ＃＋ＷＦＰＳ，＃
ｄｑｇ＃ ｌｗｖ＃ ｏｄｑｇｖｆｄｓｈ０ｖｈｄｖｆｄｓｈ＃ ｌｑｌｗｌｄｗｌｙｈ＃ ｘｑｇｈｕ＃ ｗｋｈ＃ Ｖｘｖｗｄｌｑｄｅｏｈ＃ Ｆｒｄｖｗｄｏ＃ Ｆｒｐｐｘｑｌｗｌｈｖ＃ ｄｑｇ＃ Ｈｆｒｖ｜ｖｗｈｐｖ＃ ｓｕｒｍｈｆｗ＃
ｖｘｓｓｒｕｗｈｇ＃ｅ｜＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｗｄｑ｝ｄｑｌｄ＃ｐｌｖｖｌｒｑ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｘｑｌｗｈｇ＃Ｖｗｄｗｈｖ＃Ｄｊｈｑｆ｜＃ｉｒｕ＃Ｌｑｗｈｕｑｄｗｌｒｑｄｏ＃Ｇｈｙｈｏｒｓｐｈｑｗ＃＋ＸＶＤＬＧ，１＃＃Ｗｋｈ＃
ｌｑｗｈｑｗｌｒｑ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｓｕｒｏｈ＃ｌｖ＃ｗｒ＃ｖ｜ｑｗｋｈｖｌ｝ｈ＃ｈ｛ｌｖｗｌｑｊ＃ｌｑｉｒｕｐｄｗｌｒｑ＃ｒｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｚｌｗｋ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｊｒｄｏ＃ｒｉ＃ｓｕｒｐｒｗｌｑｊ＃ｏｄｑｇｖｆｄｓｈ０
seascape scale planning and conservation.
Ｗｋｈ＃ｓｕｒｏｈ＃ｚｄｖ＃ｖｗｄｕｗｈｇ＃ｌｑ＃Ｄｓｕｌｏ＃５３３９１＃Ｖｌｑｆｈ＃ｗｋｈｑ＃ｌｗ＃ｋｄｖ＃ｆｄｗｄｏ｜｝ｈｇ＃ｄ＃ｑｘｐｅｈｕ＃ｒｉ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｄｖｖｈｖｖｐｈｑｗｖ＃ｄｑｇ＃
ｖｘｖｗｄｌｑｄｅｏｈ＃ｇｈｙｈｏｒｓｐｈｑｗ＃ｄｆｗｌｙｌｗｌｈｖ１＃Ｗｋｈｖｈ＃ｌｑｆｏｘｇｈ＃ｄ＃ｖｗｘｇ｜＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｌｑｗｈｕｏｌｑｎｄｊｈｖ＃ｅｈｗｚｈｈｑ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｉｕｈｖｋｚｄｗｈｕ＃ｒｚｖ＃
ｄｑｇ＃Ｖｄｄｇｄｑｌ＃Ｑｄｗｌｒｑｄｏ＃Ｓｄｕｎ＃＋Ｉｈｅｕｘｄｕ｜＃５３３：，／＃ｄｑ＃ｈｆｒｏｒｊｌｆｄｏ＃ｄｖｖｈｖｖｐｈｑｗ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｈｖｗｘｄｕ｜＃＋Ｐｄｕｆｋ＃５３３：，／＃ｄｑｇ＃ｄ＃
ｑｈｚ＃ｓｕｒｍｈｆｗ＃ｖｘｓｓｒｕｗｈｇ＃ｅ｜＃ｄ＃ｓｄｕｗｑｈｕｖｋｌｓ＃ｅｈｗｚｈｈｑ＃Ｗｋｈ＃Ｆｒｆｄ０Ｆｒｏｄ＃Ｆｒｐｓｄｑ｜＃ｄｑｇ＃ＸＶＤＬＧﾷｖ＃ｊｏｒｅｄｏ＃ｚｄｗｈｕ＃ｒｉｆｈ１＃Ｗｋｈ＃
Ｚｄｗｈｕ＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｇｈｙｈｏｒｓｐｈｑｗ＃Ｄｏｏｌｄｑｆｈ＃＋ＺＤＧＤ，＃ｓｕｒｍｈｆｗ＃ｚｄｖ＃ｌｑｌｗｌｄｗｈｇ＃ｌｑ＃Ｉｈｅｕｘｄｕ｜＃５３３：１＃Ｌｗ＃ｋｄｖ＃ｄ＃４９＃ｐｒｑｗｋ＃ｗｌｐｈｉｕｄｐｈ＃
and a focus on water sanitation and education, strengthening of community organizations, environmental
ｒｚ＃ｄｖｖｈｖｖｐｈｑｗ／＃ｄｑｇ＃ｌｐｓｕｒｙｈｇ＃ｄｊｕｒ０ｌｑｇｘｖｗｕｌｄｏ＃ｈｑｙｌｕｒｑｐｈｑｗｄｏ＃ｓｕｄｆｗｌｆｈｖ１＃
ii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Ｗｋｌｖ＃ｓｕｒｏｈ＃ｚｄｖ＃ｚｕｌｗｗｈｑ＃ｅ｜＃Ｍｄｐｈｖ＃Ｗｒｅｈ｜１＃Ｌｗｖ＃ｓｕｈｓｄｕｄｗｌｒｑ＃ｚｒｘｏｇ＃ｑｒｗ＃ｋｄｙｈ＃ｅｈｈｑ＃ｓｒｖｖｌｅｏｈ＃ｚｌｗｋｒｘｗ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｖｘｓｓｒｕｗ＃ｒｉ＃
ｖｈｙｈｕｄｏ＃ｌｑｖｗｌｗｘｗｌｒｑｖ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｐｄｑ｜＃ｌｑｇｌｙｌｇｘｄｏｖ１＃Ｗｋｄｑｎｖ＃ｈｖｓｈｆｌｄｏｏ｜＃ｗｒ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｖｗｄｉｉ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃Ｕｘｙｘ＃Ｅｄｖｌｑ＃Ｚｄｗｈｕ＃Ｒｉｆｈ／＃
Ｖｄｄｇｄｑｌ＃Ｑｄｗｌｒｑｄｏ＃Ｓｄｕｎ／＃Ｐｗｌｅｚｄ＃Ｖｘｊｄｕ＃Ｈｖｗｄｗｈｖ／＃Ｏｗｇ１／＃Ｆｋｄｏｌｑ｝ｈ＃Ｚｄｗｈｕ＃Ｓｕｒｍｈｆｗ／＃ｄｑｇ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｐｌｑｌｖｗｕ｜＃ｒｉ＃Ｚｄｗｈｕ／＃ｉｒｕ＃ｗｋｈｌｕ＃
time, interest, insights and information.
Ｚｈ＃ｄｕｈ＃ｊｕｄｗｈｉｘｏ＃ｗｒ＃ｄｏｏ＃ｗｋｒｖｈ＃ｚｋｒ＃ｋｄｙｈ＃ｆｒｑｗｕｌｅｘｗｈｇ＃ｗｒ＃ｗｋｌｖ＃ｓｕｒｏｈ＃ｌｑ＃ｒｑｈ＃ｚｄ｜＃ｒｕ＃ｄｑｒｗｋｈｕ／＃ｈｖｓｈｆｌｄｏｏ｜＃ｗｒ＃Ｍｈｕｈｐｌｄｋ＃
Ｇｄｉｉｄ／＃ Ｅｕｌｄｑ＃ Ｆｕｄｚｉｒｕｇ／＃ Ｐｌｆｋｄｈｏ＃ ＰｆＦｏｄｌｑ／＃ Ｈｏｌ｝ｄｅｈｗｋ＃ Ｄｑｇｈｕｖｒｑ／＃ Ｆｄｗｋ｜＃ ＰｆＱｄｏｏ｜／＃ Ｇｒｕｈｈｑ＃ Ｖｘｐｈｕｏｌｑ／＃ Ｍｄｖｒｑ＃
Ｊｕｌｗ｝ｑｈｕ／＃Ｇｒｑｄｏｇ＃Ｕｒｅｄｇｘｈ／＃Ｈｌｙ｜＃Ｐｒｑｕｒ｜／＃Ｍｘｏｌｘｖ＃Ｖｋｌｏｘｑｊｘｖｋｈｏｄ／＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｙｈｇｄｖｗ＃Ｐｄｎｒｗｄ１
Ｏｄｖｗｏ｜／＃ｚｈ＃ｚｒｘｏｇ＃ｏｌｎｈ＃ｗｒ＃ｕｈｆｒｊｑｌ｝ｈ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｊｈｑｈｕｒｖｌｗ｜＃ｚｌｗｋ＃ｚｋｌｆｋ＃ｖｒ＃ｐｄｑ｜＃ｓｈｒｓｏｈ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ＃
ｄｑｇ＃ｈｖｗｘｄｕ｜＃ｖｋｄｕｈｇ＃ｚｌｗｋ＃ｘｖ＃ｗｋｈｌｕ＃ｒｚｑ＃ｒｅｖｈｕｙｄｗｌｒｑｖ＃ｄｅｒｘｗ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ／＃ｌｗｖ＃ｆｒｑｇｌｗｌｒｑ／＃ｘｖｈｖ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｖｋｌｑｊ＃ｄｑｇ＃
farming practices in the region.
iii
ACRONYMS
ACRONYMS
ＦＵＦ＃
Ｆｒｄｖｗｄｏ＃Ｕｈｖｒｘｕｆｈｖ＃Ｆｈｑｗｈｕ
EFA
Environmental Flows Assessment
FIU
Florida International University
GIS
Geographic Information Systems
ＪＯＲＺＶ＃
Ｊｏｒｅｄｏ＃Ｚｄｗｈｕ＃ｉｒｕ＃Ｖｘｖｗｄｌｑｄｅｏｈ＃Ｓｕｒｊｕｄｐ
GoT
Government of Tanzania
ＭＩ＃
Ｍｄｑｘｄｕ｜０Ｉｈｅｕｘｄｕ｜
ＭＭＤＶ＃
Ｍｘｑｈ０Ｍｘｏ｜０Ｄｘｊｘｖｗ０Ｖｈｓｗｈｐｅｈｕ
ＰＤＰ＃
Ｐｄｕｆｋ０Ｄｓｕｌｏ０Ｐｄ｜
ＰＲＺ＃
Ｐｌｑｌｖｗｕ｜＃ｒｉ＃Ｚｄｗｈｕ＃
MSEL
Mtibwa Sugar Estates, Ltd.
NEMC
National Environmental Management Council
ＲＱＧ＃
Ｒｆｗｒｅｈｕ０Ｑｒｙｈｐｅｈｕ０Ｇｈｆｈｐｅｈｕ
SANAPA
Saadani National Park Authority
SUCCESS
Sustainable Coastal Communities and Ecosystems
TANAPA
Tanzanian National Parks Authority
TCMP
Tanzania Coastal Management Partnership
Tsh
Tanzania shillings
ＸＵＬ＃
Ｘｑｌｙｈｕｖｌｗ｜＃ｒｉ＃Ｕｋｒｇｈ＃Ｌｖｏｄｑｇ
USAID
United States Agency for International Development
ＺＤＰＤＦＫＤ＃＃
Ｆｋｄｏｌｑ｝ｈ＃Ｚｄｗｈｕ＃Ｘｖｈｕ＃Ｄｖｖｒｆｌｄｗｌｒｑ
ＺＵＥＺＲ＃
Ｚｄｐｌ＃Ｕｘｙｘ＃Ｅｄｖｌｑ＃Ｚｄｗｈｕ＃Ｒｉｆｈ
ＺＸＤ＃
Ｚｄｗｈｕ＃Ｘｖｈｕｖ＃Ｄｖｖｒｆｌｄｗｌｒｑｖ
iv
A PROFILE OF THE WAMI RIVER SUB-BASIN AND ESTUARY
1.
Background
In an increasingly crowded world, competition for freshwater is becoming intense. Competition for freshwater
ｉｒｕ＃ｄｊｕｌｆｘｏｗｘｕｈ／＃ｌｑｇｘｖｗｕ｜＃ｄｑｇ＃ｇｒｐｈｖｗｌｆ＃ｘｖｈｖ＃ｌｖ＃ｕｈｇｘｆｌｑｊ／＃ｄｑｇ＃ｌｑ＃ｖｒｐｈ＃ｆｄｖｈｖ＃ｈｏｌｐｌｑｄｗｌｑｊ／＃ｉｕｈｖｋｚｄｗｈｕ＃ｒｚｖ＃ｗｒ＃
ｈｖｗｘｄｕｌｈｖ１＃Ｗｋｌｖ＃ｌｖ＃ｈ｛ｓｕｈｖｖｈｇ＃ｑｒｗ＃ｒｑｏ｜＃ｌｑ＃ｆｋｄｑｊｈ＃ｗｒ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｙｒｏｘｐｈ＃ｒｉ＃ｚｄｗｈｕ＃ｅｘｗ＃ｄｏｖｒ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｗｌｐｌｑｊ＃ｒｉ＃ｉｕｈｖｋｚｄｗｈｕ＃ｌｑｒｚｖ＃
and the quality of that water. Too often, the allocation of freshwater among its human users ignores the impacts
that such decisions have upon the goods and services generated by healthy estuaries. Those most negatively
affected by such changes are often the poor who are dependent on natural systems for livelihoods.
The Tanzania Coastal Management Partnership for Sustainable Coastal Communities and Ecosystems is
ｆｒｑｇｘｆｗｌｑｊ＃ｄ＃ｏｄｑｇｖｆｄｓｈ＃ｗｒ＃ｖｈｄｖｆｄｓｈ＃ｈｑｙｌｕｒｑｐｈｑｗｄｏ＃ｌｑｌｗｌｄｗｌｙｈ＃ｉｒｕ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ／＃ｚｌｗｋ＃ｄ＃ｉｒｆｘｖ＃ｒｑ＃
upstream impacts on the coastal and estuarine area. This initiative recognizes that any attempt to integrate
ｚｄｗｈｕｖｋｈｇ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｈｖｗｘｄｕ｜＃ｓｏｄｑｑｌｑｊ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｐｄｑｄｊｈｐｈｑｗ＃ｌｖ＃ｄ＃ｆｒｐｓｏｈ｛＃ｘｑｇｈｕｗｄｎｌｑｊ＃ｗｋｄｗ＃ｕｈｔｘｌｕｈｖ＃ｄｇｇｕｈｖｖｌｑｊ＃ｄ＃ｑｘｐｅｈｕ＃
of management issues simultaneously, integrating across the needs of competing user groups, and integrating
ｇｄｗｄ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｎｑｒｚｏｈｇｊｈ＃ｒｑ＃ｋｒｚ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｚｋ｜＃ｄ＃ｏｄｕｊｈ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｆｒｐｓｏｈ｛＃ｈｆｒｖ｜ｖｗｈｐ＃ｌｖ＃ｆｋｄｑｊｌｑｊ１＃
Ｗｋｌｖ＃ ｓｕｒｏｈ＃ ｒｉ＃ ｗｋｈ＃ Ｚｄｐｌ＃ ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ＃ ｇｕｄｚｖ＃ ｗｒｊｈｗｋｈｕ＃ ｄｙｄｌｏｄｅｏｈ＃ ｗｈｆｋｑｌｆｄｏ＃ ｌｑｉｒｕｐｄｗｌｒｑ／＃ ｌｑｗｈｕｙｌｈｚｖ＃ ｚｌｗｋ＃ ｄ＃
ｆｕｒｖｖ＃ ｖｈｆｗｌｒｑ＃ ｒｉ＃ ｖｗｄｎｈｋｒｏｇｈｕｖ／＃ ｄｑｇ＃ ｗｚｒ＃ ｈｏｇ＃ ｄｖｖｈｖｖｐｈｑｗｖ１＃ Ｌｑ＃Ｄｓｕｌｏ＃ ５３３９／＃ ｄ＃ ｕｈｆｒｑｑｄｌｖｖｄｑｆｈ＃ ｒｉ＃ ｗｋｈ＃ ｘｓｓｈｕ＃ ｄｑｇ＃
ｏｒｚｈｕ＃ ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ＃ ｚｄｖ＃ ｆｒｑｇｘｆｗｈｇ＃ ｄｑｇ＃ ｐｈｈｗｌｑｊｖ＃ ｚｈｕｈ＃ ｋｈｏｇ＃ ｚｌｗｋ＃ ｎｈ｜＃ ｘｖｈｕｖ＃ ｄｑｇ＃ ｖｗｄｎｈｋｒｏｇｈｕｖ／＃ ｌｑｆｏｘｇｌｑｊ＃
ｏｒｆｄｏ＃ｏｈｄｇｈｕｖ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｎｈ｜＃ｌｑｉｒｕｐｄｑｗｖ／＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃Ｕｘｙｘ＃Ｅｄｖｌｑ＃Ｚｄｗｈｕ＃Ｒｉｆｈ／＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｗｈｕ＃Ｐｌｑｌｖｗｕ｜／＃Ｖｄｄｇｄｑｌ＃Ｑｄｗｌｒｑｄｏ＃
Ｓｄｕｎ＃Ｄｘｗｋｒｕｌｗ｜／＃Ｐｗｌｅｚｄ＃Ｖｘｊｄｕ＃Ｈｖｗｄｗｈｖ／＃Ｏｗｇ１／＃ｄｑｇ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｆｋｄｏｌｑ｝ｈ０Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｚｄｗｈｕ＃ｗｕｈｄｗｐｈｑｗ＃ｓｏｄｑｗ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｖｘｓｓｏ｜＃ｖｆｋｈｐｈ１＃
Ｗｚｒ＃ｗｄｕｊｈｗｈｇ＃ｕｄｓｌｇ＃ｄｖｖｈｖｖｐｈｑｗｖ＃ｚｈｕｈ＃ｆｒｐｓｏｈｗｈｇ＃ｌｑ＃Ｉｈｅｕｘｄｕ｜＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｐｄｕｆｋ＃５３３：＃ｒｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｌｑｗｈｕｏｌｑｎｄｊｈｖ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃
ｉｕｈｖｋｚｄｗｈｕ＃ｒｚｖ＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｖｄｄｇｄｑｌ＃Ｑｄｗｌｒｑｄｏ＃Ｓｄｕｎ＃＋Ｖｘｐｈｕｏｌｑ＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｊｕｌｗ｝ｑｈｕ／＃５３３：，／＃ｄｑｇ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｆｒｑｇｌｗｌｒｑ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃
ｈｖｗｘｄｕ｜＃＋Ｄｑｇｈｕｖｒｑ＃ｄｑｇ＃ＰｆＱｄｏｏ｜／＃５３３：，１＃
Ｗｋｈ＃ｊｒｄｏ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｌｖ＃ｓｕｒｏｈ＃ｌｖ＃ｗｒ＃ｓｕｒｐｒｗｈ＃ｏｄｑｇｖｆｄｓｈ０ｖｈｄｖｆｄｓｈ＃ｖｆｄｏｈ＃ｓｏｄｑｑｌｑｊ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｆｒｑｖｈｕｙｄｗｌｒｑ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃
ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ１＃Ｗｋｈ＃ｖｓｈｆｌｆ＃ｒｅｍｈｆｗｌｙｈｖ＃ｄｕｈ＃ｗｒ＝＃
ｒ＃
Ｇｈｖｆｕｌｅｈ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｋｘｐｄｑ＃ｘｖｈｖ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｘｓｖｗｕｈｄｐ＃ｘｖｈｕ＃ｗｋｕｈｄｗｖ＃ｗｒ＃ｇｒｚｑｖｗｕｈｄｐ＃ｚｄｗｈｕ＃
ｒｚｖ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｈｖｗｘｄｕｌｑｈ＃ｋｈｄｏｗｋ
o
Describe governance systems
ｒ＃
Ｇｈｑｈ＃ｎｈ｜＃ｖｗｄｎｈｋｒｏｇｈｕ＃ｊｕｒｘｓｖ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｗｋｈｌｕ＃ｌｑｗｈｕｈｖｗｖ
o
Identify major gaps in information as well as priorities for further analysis and management
５１＃
Ｗｋｈ＃Ｇｈｑｌｑｊ＃Ｆｋｄｕｄｆｗｈｕｌｖｗｌｆｖ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃Ｕｌｙｈｕ＃Ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｈｖｗｘｄｕ｜
５１４＃＃ Ｗｋｈ＃Ｕｌｙｈｕ＃Ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ
Ｚｈ＃ｘｖｈ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｗｈｕｐ＃Ｕｌｙｈｕ＃Ｅｄｖｌｑ＃ｗｒ＃ｐｈｄｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｄｕｈｄ＃ｇｕｄｌｑｈｇ＃ｅ｜＃ｄ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｌｗｖ＃ｗｕｌｅｘｗｄｕｌｈｖ１＃Ｌｗ＃ｌｑｆｏｘｇｈｖ＃ｄｏｏ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｈｆｒｖ｜ｖｗｈｐｖ＃
within the basin, such as mountains, forests, woodlands, wetlands, pastures, agricultural areas and urban
concentrations. The same geomorphological unit is often referred to as a drainage basin, a catchment or a
watershed.
The main connection between the lower and upper reaches of a river basin and its component ecosystems is
water. Those who live and work at the downstream end of a river basin depend upon the good conduct of
those who use the upper reaches to ensure that adequate quantities and quality of water percolates from the
upstream reaches to the downstream users.
Ｗｋｈ＃４＜；４＃Ｚｄｗｈｕ＃Ｄｆｗ＃ｄｐｈｑｇｐｈｑｗ＃ｌｑｗｕｒｇｘｆｈｇ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｆｒｑｆｈｓｗ＃ｒｉ＃ｐｄｑｄｊｌｑｊ＃ｚｄｗｈｕ＃ｘｖｈ＃ｅｄｖｈｇ＃ｒｑ＃ｋ｜ｇｕｒｏｒｊｌｆｄｏ＃ｘｑｌｗｖ＃
ｆｄｏｏｈｇ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｅｄｖｌｑｖ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｌｑ＃４＜；＜／＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｐｌｑｌｖｗｈｕ＃ｕｈｖｓｒｑｖｌｅｏｈ＃ｉｒｕ＃Ｚｄｗｈｕ＃Ｄｉｉｄｌｕｖ＃ｊｄ｝ｈｗｗｈｇ＃ｑｌｑｈ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｅｄｖｌｑｖ／＃ｌｑｆｏｘｇｌｑｊ＃
ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ０Ｕｘｙｘ＃Ｕｌｙｈｕ＃Ｅｄｖｌｑ１＃＃Ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ０Ｕｘｙｘ＃ｅｄｖｌｑ＃ｌｖ＃ｒｑｈ＃ｒｉ＃ｉｒｘｕ＃ｅｄｖｌｑｖ＃ｗｋｄｗ＃ｇｕｄｌｑ＃ｌｑｗｒ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｌｑｇｌｄｑ＃Ｒｆｈｄｑ１＃Ｗｋｈ＃
ｗｒｗｄｏ＃ｄｕｈｄ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ０Ｕｘｙｘ＃Ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｅｄｖｌｑ＃ｌｖ＃ｄｅｒｘｗ＃：５／＜６３＃ｎｐ2１＃Ｒｉ＃ｗｋｌｖ＃ｗｒｗｄｏ＃ｄｕｈｄ／＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｖ｜ｖｗｈｐ＃ｈｑｆｒｐｓｄｖｖｈｖ＃
1
about 40,000 km2＃ ｄｑｇ＃ ｆｕｒｖｖｈｖ＃ ｗｋｈ＃ ｓｒｏｌｗｌｆｄｏ＃ ｅｒｘｑｇｄｕｌｈｖ＃ ｒｉ＃ ｉｒｘｕ＃ ｄｇｐｌｑｌｖｗｕｄｗｌｙｈ＃ Ｕｈｊｌｒｑｖ＞＃ ｑｄｐｈｏ｜＃ Ｇｒｇｒｐｄ／＃
Ｐｒｕｒｊｒｕｒ／＃Ｗｄｑｊｄ＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｆｒｄｖｗ＃Ｕｈｊｌｒｑｖ１＃
Ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｒｕｌｊｌｑｄｗｈｖ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｆｄｗｆｋｐｈｑｗ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｘｎｄｊｘｕｘ／＃Ｕｘｅｈｋｒ／＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｑｊｘｕｘ＃ｐｒｘｑｗｄｌｑ＃ｕｄｑｊｈｖ／＃ｚｋｌｆｋ＃ｄｕｈ＃ｄｏｏ＃
ｓｄｕｗ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｈｄｖｗｈｕｑ＃Ｄｕｆ＃ｆｋｄｌｑ＃ｒｉ＃ｐｒｘｑｗｄｌｑｖ＃ｌｑ＃Ｎｈｑ｜ｄ＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｗｄｑ｝ｄｑｌｄ＃＋ｖｈｈ＃Ｉｌｊｘｕｈ＃４，１＃Ｗｋｈ＃Ｈｄｖｗｈｕｑ＃Ｄｕｆ＃Ｐｒｘｑｗｄｌｑｖ＃ｄｕｈ＃
recognized as one of 25 globally important “hot spots” for forest biodiversity in need of immediate conservation
ｄｆｗｌｒｑ１＃Ｗｋｈ＃Ｈｄｖｗｈｕｑ＃Ｄｕｆ＃Ｐｒｘｑｗｄｌｑｖ＃ｄｕｈ＃ｇｌｕｈｆｗｏ｜＃ｏｌｑｎｈｇ＃ｗｒ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｌｑｇｌｄｑ＃Ｒｆｈｄｑ１＃Ｓｕｈｇｒｐｌｑｄｑｗｏ｜＃Ｈｄｖｗｈｕｏ｜＃Ｗｕｄｇｈ＃Ｚｌｑｇｖ＃
from the ocean are forced to rise, cool and are converted to precipitation on the mountains. The main source of
water for the lowlands, which are the main population centers, is therefore the Eastern Arc Mountains.
Figure 1. Location of river basins draining the Eastern Arc Mountains
＋ｖｒｘｕｆｈ＝＃Ｉｒｕｈｖｗｕ｜＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｅｈｈｎｈｈｓｌｑｊ＃Ｇｌｙｌｖｌｒｑ／＃５３３８，
Ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｇｕｄｌｑｖ＃ｌｑｗｒ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｌｑｇｌｄｑ＃Ｒｆｈｄｑ＃ｍｘｖｗ＃ｗｒ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｖｒｘｗｋ＃ｒｉ＃Ｖｄｄｇｄｑｌ＃ｙｌｏｏｄｊｈ１＃Ｉｌｊｘｕｈ＃５＃ｖｋｒｚｖ＃ｖｒｐｈ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｉｈｄｗｘｕｈｖ＃
ｒｉ＃ｏｄｑｇ＃ｆｒｙｈｕ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｗｒｚｑｖ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ１＃
2
Ｉｌｊｘｕｈ＃５１＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ
Ｕｄｌｑｉｄｏｏ＃ ｄｑｄｏ｜ｖｌｖ１＃ Ｄ＃ ｇｈｗｄｌｏｈｇ＃ ｋｌｖｗｒｕｌｆｄｏ＃ ｄｑｄｏ｜ｖｌｖ＃ ｒｉ＃ ｖｈｄｖｒｑｄｏ＃ ｕｄｌｑｉｄｏｏ＃ ｓｄｗｗｈｕｑｖ＃ ｌｑ＃ ｗｋｈ＃ Ｚｄｐｌ＃ ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ＃
ｌｑｇｌｆｄｗｈｖ＃ｗｋｄｗ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｓｕｌｐｄｕ｜＃ｕｄｌｑ｜＃ｖｈｄｖｒｑ＃ｌｖ＃Ｐｄｕｆｋ０Ｐｄ｜＃＋ＰＤＰ，／＃ｇｕ｜＃ｖｈｄｖｒｑ＃ｌｖ＃Ｍｘｑｈ０Ｖｈｓｗｈｐｅｈｕ＃＋ＭＭＤＶ，／＃ｖｋｒｕｗ＃ｕｄｌｑｖ＃
ｌｑ＃Ｒｆｗｒｅｈｕ０Ｇｈｆｈｐｅｈｕ＃＋ＲＱＧ，＃ｄｑｇ＃ｌｑｗｈｕｐｈｇｌｄｗｈ＃ｖｈｄｖｒｑ＃ｉｕｒｐ＃Ｍｄｑｘｄｕ｜０Ｉｈｅｕｘｄｕ｜＃＋ＭＩ，＃＋Ｉｒｕｈｖｗｕ｜＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｅｈｈｎｈｈｓｌｑｊ＃
Ｇｌｙｌｖｌｒｑ／＃５３３８，１＃＃Ｄｘｊｘｖｗ＃ｌｖ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｇｕｌｈｖｗ＃ｐｒｑｗｋ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ＃ｚｋｌｏｈ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｋｌｊｋｈｖｗ＃ｕｄｌｑｉｄｏｏ＃ｄｐｒｘｑｗｖ＃ｄｕｈ＃ｐｄｌｑｏ｜＃
ｈ｛ｓｈｕｌｈｑｆｈｇ＃Ｐｄｕｆｋ２Ｄｓｕｌｏ１＃Ｈｄｆｋ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈｖｈ＃ｖｈｄｖｒｑｖ＃ｋｄｖ＃ｄ＃ｖｓｈｆｌｆ＃ｑｄｐｈ＃ｌｑ＃Ｎｌｖｚｄｋｌｏｌ＝＃ｏｒｑｊ＃ｕｄｌｑｖ＃＋Ｎｘｖｌ，／＃ｖｋｒｕｗ＃ｕｄｌｑｖ＃
＋Ｐｄｏｈｏｈｍｌ，／＃ｇｕ｜＃ｖｈｄｖｒｑ＃＋Ｓｄｕｄｗｄ｝ｄ２Ｎｘｖｌ，＃ｄｑｇ＃ｌｑｗｈｕｐｈｇｌｄｗｈ＃ｖｈｄｖｒｑ＃＋Ｎｄｖｎｄ｝ｌ，１＃
3
Ｉｌｊｘｕｈ＃６＃Ｗ｜ｓｌｆｄｏ＃ｖｈｄｖｒｑｄｏ＃ｕｄｌｑｉｄｏｏ＃ｓｄｗｗｈｕｑｖ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ０Ｕｘｙｘ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｅｄｖｌｑ１＃Ｗｋｈ＃ｙｈｕｗｌｆｄｏ＃ｐｄ｛ｌｐｘｐ＃ｌｖ＃６３３＃
ｐｐ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｌｑｗｈｕｙｄｏ＃ｌｖ＃８３＃ｐｐ＃ｚｋｌｏｈ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｋｒｕｌ｝ｒｑｗｄｏ＃ｄ｛ｌｖ＃ｌｖ＃ｉｕｒｐ＃Ｖｈｓｗｈｐｅｈｕ＃＋ｏｈｉｗ，＃ｗｒ＃Ｄｘｊｘｖｗ＃＋ｕｌｊｋｗ，１＃Ｖｒｘｕｆｈ＝＃
Forestry and Beekeeping Division, 2005, p. 31.
Ｇｈｆｕｈｄｖｌｑｊ＃ｄｙｈｕｄｊｈ＃ｖｈｄｖｒｑｄｏ＃ｕｄｌｑｉｄｏｏ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ＃ｒｆｆｘｕｕｈｇ＃ｉｕｒｐ＃４＜９７＃ｗｒ＃４＜＜６＃ｉｒｕ＃ｄｏｏ＃ｖｈｄｖｒｑｖ＃ｈ｛ｆｈｓｗ＃
ｗｋｈ＃ ｖｋｒｕｗ＃ ｕｄｌｑｖ＃ ｅｈｗｚｈｈｑ＃ Ｒｆｗｒｅｈｕ＃ ｄｑｇ＃ Ｇｈｆｈｐｅｈｕ＃ ＋Ｉｒｕｈｖｗｕ｜＃ ｄｑｇ＃ Ｅｈｈｎｈｈｓｌｑｊ＃ Ｇｌｙｌｖｌｒｑ／＃ ５３３８／＃ ｓ１＃ ６４，１＃ Ｌｑ＃ ｈｄｖｗｈｕｑ＃
Ｗｄｑ｝ｄｑｌｄ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｕｈｊｌｒｑ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ／＃ｗｋｈｕｈ＃ｄｕｈ＃ｄｑｈｆｇｒｗｄｏ＃ｕｈｓｒｕｗｖ＃ｒｉ＃ｇｕｒｘｊｋｗ＃ｆｒｑｇｌｗｌｒｑｖ＃ｄｑｇ＃
ｇｈｆｕｈｄｖｈｇ＃ｇｕ｜＃ｖｈｄｖｒｑ＃ｅｄｖｈ＃ｒｚｖ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｒｙｈｕ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｓｄｖｗ＃ｙｈ＃｜ｈｄｕｖ１＃Ｕｄｌｑｉｄｏｏ＃ｇｄｗｄ＃ｗｋｕｒｘｊｋ＃５３３６＃ｓｕｒｙｌｇｈｇ＃ｅ｜＃
ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ０Ｕｘｙｘ＃Ｚｄｗｈｕ＃Ｅｄｖｌｑ＃Ｒｉｆｈ＃ｌｑｇｌｆｄｗｈ＃ｄ＃ｇｒｚｑｚｄｕｇ＃ｗｕｈｑｇ＃ｌｑ＃ｓｕｈｆｌｓｌｗｄｗｌｒｑ＃＋Ｖｘｐｈｕｏｌｑ＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｊｕｌｗ｝ｑｈｕ／＃５３３：，１＃＃
Ｇｘｕｌｑｊ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｏｒｚｈｖｗ＃ｒｚ＃ｓｈｕｌｒｇ／＃ｗｋｈ＃ｏｒｚｈｕ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｌｖ＃ｕｈｇｘｆｈｇ＃ｗｒ＃ｄ＃ｖｈｕｌｈｖ＃ｒｉ＃ｕｈｖｌｇｘｄｏ＃ｓｒｒｏｖ＃ｆｒｑｑｈｆｗｈｇ＃ｅ｜＃ｄ＃
shallow stream. Since the share of agriculture that is rain fed is high in Tanzania, this trend increases food
ｌｑｖｈｆｘｕｌｗ｜１＃Ｓｕｈｇｌｆｗｌｒｑｖ＃ｉｒｕ＃ｆｏｌｐｄｗｈ＃ｆｋｄｑｊｈ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｕｈｊｌｒｑ＃ｄｏｖｒ＃ｌｑｇｌｆｄｗｈ＃ｗｋｄｗ＃ｖｘｅ０Ｖｄｋｄｕｄｑ＃Ｄｉｕｌｆｄ＃ｚｌｏｏ＃ｅｈ＃ｄｗ＃ｕｌｖｎ＃ｉｒｕ＃
ｉｒｒｇ＃ｖｈｆｘｕｌｗ｜＃＋Ｆｒ０ｒｓｈｕｄｗｌｙｈ＃Ｓｕｒｊｕｄｐ＃ｒｑ＃Ｚｄｗｈｕ＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｆｏｌｐｄｗｈ／＃５３３９，１＃
Ｖｗｕｈｄｐｒｚ＃ｄｑｄｏ｜ｖｌｖ１＃Ｄ＃ｖ｜ｖｗｈｐ＃ｒｉ＃５６＃ｒｚ＃ｊｄｊｌｑｊ＃ｖｗｄｗｌｒｑｖ＃ｚｄｖ＃ｈｖｗｄｅｏｌｖｋｈｇ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ０Ｕｘｙｘ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｅｄｖｌｑ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃
４＜８３ｖ＃ｄｑｇ＃４＜９３ｖ１＃Ｉｒｘｕｗｈｈｑ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃５６＃ｚｈｕｈ＃ｏｒｆｄｗｈｇ＃ｒｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ１＃Ｗｋｈ＃ｊｄｊｌｑｊ＃ｖｗｄｗｌｒｑｖ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｄｙｄｌｏｄｅｏｈ＃
records are shown in Table 1.
Ｗｄｅｏｈ＃４１＃Ｖｘｐｐｄｕ｜＃ｒｉ＃ｄｙｄｌｏｄｅｏｈ＃ｖｗｕｈｄｐ＃ｒｚ＃ｕｈｆｒｕｇｖ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ
Station Ｕｌｙｈｕ
Location
Lat.
Long.
Ｄｕｈｄ＃＋ｎｐ2，
1G1
Ｚｄｐｌ
Dawawa
０９１７６６６
37.5333
28,488
1G2
Ｚｄｐｌ＃
Mandera
０９１５６６６
38.4000
36,450
1G5A
Tami
Msowero
０９１８４：５
37.2114
1G6
Kisangata
Mvumi
０９１９４９：
37.1833
404
1GA1A Lukigura
Ｎｌｐｄｐｅｄ＃Ｕｇ１＃Ｅｕ１
０９１；３３３
37.8000
1,060
1GA2
Mziha
Ｐ｝ｌｋｄ＃＋Ｎｌｐｄｐｅｄ， ０９１＜３３３
37.7833
178
1GB1A Diwale
Ngomeni
０９１４９９：
37.6167
1GD2
Mkondoa
Kilosa
０９１；６６６
37.0000
17,560
1GD14
Kinyasungwe
Gulwe
０９１７６６６
35.4167
11,103
1GD16
Kinyasungwe
Ｎｒｑｊｚｄ２Ｇｒｇｒｐｄ ０９１５３３３
36.2833
9,570
1GD29
Mkondoa
Mbarahwe
０９１８＜８；
36.7833
475
1GD30
Lumuma
Kilimalulu
０９１９；６６
36.6667
502
1GD31
Mdukwe
Mdukwe
０９１；６４４
36.9333
460
1GD36
Mkata
Mkata
０９１：９６４
37.3686
Ｖｒｘｕｆｈ＝＃Ｉｒｕｈｖｗｕ｜＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｅｈｈｎｈｈｓｌｑｊ＃Ｇｌｙｌｖｒｑ／＃５３３８１
4
Available records
４＜８６０；６
４＜８７０；７
４＜９７０；６
４＜８８０９＜
４＜９７０；４
４＜９７０；＜
４＜９７０；＜
４＜８５０；４
４＜８：０：：
４＜８；０；７
４＜９＜０＜６
４＜９＜０：８
４＜９＜０５３３５
４＜：６０：；
Ｌｑ＃ ５３３９／＃ ｗｋｈ＃ ＺＵＥＺＲ＃ ｕｈｋｄｅｌｏｌｗｄｗｈｇ＃ ４５＃ ｖｗｕｈｄｐ＃ ｒｚ＃ ｊｄｘｊｈ＃ ｖｗｄｗｌｒｑｖ１＃ Ｗｋｈ＃ ｏｒｆｄｗｌｒｑ＃ ｒｉ＃ ｗｋｈ＃ ｖｗｄｗｌｒｑｖ＃ ｌｖ＃ ｖｋｒｚｑ＃ ｌｑ＃
Figure 4.
Ｉｌｊｘｕｈ＃７１＃Ｚｄｐｌ０Ｕｘｙｘ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ＃ｊｄｊｌｑｊ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｐｈｗｈｒｕｒｏｒｊｌｆｄｏ＃ｖｗｄｗｌｒｑｖ
Ｕｘｑｒｉｉ＃ｉｕｒｐ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｇｒｇｒｐｄ＃ｕｈｊｌｒｑ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｓｏｄｌｑｖ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｏｒｚｈｕ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｌｖ＃ｏｒｚ＃ｇｘｈ＃ｗｒ＃ｋｌｊｋ＃ｕｄｗｈｖ＃ｒｉ＃
ｈｙｄｓｒｕｄｗｌｒｑ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｏｒｚ＃ｓｕｈｆｌｓｌｗｄｗｌｒｑ１＃Ｐｒｖｗ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｒｚ＃＋ｄｅｒｘｗ＃９３＃ｗｒ＃：３＃ｓｈｕｆｈｑｗ，＃ｄｗ＃Ｐｄｑｇｈｕｄ＃
ｖｗｄｗｌｒｑ＃ ＋４Ｊ５，＃ ｒｕｌｊｌｑｄｗｈｖ＃ ｉｕｒｐ＃ ｄ＃ ｖｐｄｏｏ＃ ｓｄｕｗ＃ ｒｉ＃ ｗｋｈ＃ ｆｄｗｆｋｐｈｑｗ＃ ｒｑ＃ ｗｋｈ＃ ｖｏｒｓｈｖ＃ ｒｉ＃ Ｑｊｘｕｘ／＃ Ｘｎｄｊｘｕｘ＃ ｄｑｇ＃ Ｕｘｅｈｋｒ＃
ｐｒｘｑｗｄｌｑｖ＃ｅｈｆｄｘｖｈ＃ｗｋｈｖｈ＃ｄｕｈｄｖ＃ｋｄｙｈ＃ｐｘｆｋ＃ｋｌｊｋｈｕ＃ｕｄｌｑｉｄｏｏ＃＋Ｖｋｌｏｘｑｊｘｖｋｈｏｄ／＃５３３：，１
Ｄｙｈｕｄｊｈ＃ｇｄｌｏ｜＃ｒｚｖ＃＋ＤＧＩ，＃ｉｒｕ＃ｖｈｏｈｆｗｈｇ＃ｊｄｊｌｑｊ＃ｖｗｄｗｌｒｑｖ＃ｈｖｗｄｅｏｌｖｋｈｇ＃ｉｕｒｐ＃ｄｙｄｌｏｄｅｏｈ＃ｕｈｆｒｕｇｖ＃ｄｕｈ＃ｖｋｒｚｑ＃ｌｑ＃Ｗｄｅｏｈ＃５＝
Ｗｄｅｏｈ＃５１＃Ｄｙｈｕｄｊｈ＃ｇｄｌｏ｜＃ｒｚ＃ｄｗ＃ｖｌ｛＃ｊｄｊｌｑｊ＃ｖｗｄｗｌｒｑｖ
Flow Gauge – tributary and location
４Ｊ４＃ﾲ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｄｗ＃Ｇｄｎｄｚｄ＃ｅｕｌｇｊｈ
４Ｊ５＃ﾲ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｄｗ＃Ｐｄｑｇｈｕｄ
1GA1A – Lukigura at Kimamba road bridge
４ＪＤ５＃ﾲ＃Ｐ｝ｌｋｄ＃ｄｗ＃Ｐ｝ｌｋｄ＃＋Ｎｌｐｄｐｅｄ，
1GD2 – Mkondoa at Kilosa
1GD31 – Mdukwe at Mdukwe
Ｖｒｘｕｆｈ＝＃Ｉｒｕｈｖｗｕ｜＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｅｈｈｎｈｈｓｌｑｊ＃Ｇｌｙｌｖｌｒｑ／＃５３３８１＃
ＤＧＩ＃＋ｐ６＃２ｖ，
25.8
60.6
3.98
1.28
10.15
4.58
（＃｝ｈｕｒ＃ｒｚｖ
0.0
0.6
36.3
17.1
0.2
0.0
Ｗｋｈ＃ｖｐｄｏｏ＃ｓｈｕｆｈｑｗｄｊｈ＃ｒｉ＃ｇｄ｜ｖ＃ｚｌｗｋ＃｝ｈｕｒ＃ｒｚｖ＃ｌｑｇｌｆｄｗｈｖ＃ｗｋｄｗ＃ｐｒｖｗ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｕｌｙｈｕｖ＃ｄｕｈ＃ｓｈｕｈｑｑｌｄｏ＃ｄｏｗｋｒｘｊｋ＃ｖｒｐｈ＃ｇｕ｜＃
up during relatively dry years.
Ｉｌｊｘｕｈ＃８＃ｖｋｒｚｖ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｖｈｄｖｒｑｄｏ＃ｒｚ＃ｓｄｗｗｈｕｑ＃ｉｒｕ＃Ｐｄｑｇｈｕｄ＃ｖｗｄｗｌｒｑ＃＋４Ｊ５，１＃Ｌｗ＃ｖｋｒｚｖ＃ｏｒｚｈｖｗ＃ｒｚｖ＃ｌｑ＃Ｒｆｗｒｅｈｕ＃ｄｑｇ＃
ｋｌｊｋｈｖｗ＃ｌｑ＃Ｄｓｕｌｏ２Ｐｄ｜１＃
5
Mean flow (m3/s)
225
200
175
150
125
100
75
50
25
0
Sep
1G2
Oct
Nov
Wettest Month:
April/May
Driest month:
October
Seasonal pattern: Transition
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Ｉｌｊｘｕｈ＃８１＃Ｖｈｄｖｒｑｄｏ＃ｒｚ＃ｓｄｗｗｈｕｑ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃＋ｖｒｘｕｆｈ＝＃Ｉｒｕｈｖｗｕ｜＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｅｈｈｎｈｈｓｌｑｊ＃Ｇｌｙｌｖｌｒｑ／＃５３３８，
Ｗｄｅｏｈ＃６＃ｖｋｒｚｖ＃ｗｋｄｗ＃ｄｅｒｘｗ＃７８０９３＃ｓｈｕｆｈｑｗ＃ｒｉ＃ｄｑｑｘｄｏ＃ｒｚ＃ｙｒｏｘｐｈｖ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ＃ｒｚ＃ｇｘｕｌｑｊ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｏｒｑｊ＃
ｕｄｌｑｖ＃＋ＰＤＰ，１＃
Ｗｄｅｏｈ＃６１＃Ｖｈｄｖｒｑｄｏ＃ｆｒｑｗｕｌｅｘｗｌｒｑ＃ｗｒ＃ｄｑｑｘｄｏ＃ｒｚ＃ｙｒｏｘｐｈｖ＃ｄｗ＃ｙｈ＃ｊｄｊｌｑｊ＃ｖｗｄｗｌｒｑｖ
Ｖｈｄｖｒｑｄｏ＃ｆｒｑｗｕｌｅｘｗｌｒｑ＃ｗｒ＃ｄｑｑｘｄｏ＃ｒｚ＃ｙｒｏｘｐｈ＃＋（，
Ｌｑｗｈｕｐｈｇｌｄｗｈ＃Ｖｈｄｖｒｑ＃＋ＭＩ，
Ｏｒｑｊ＃ｕｄｌｑｖ＃＋ＰＤＰ， Ｇｕ｜＃ｖｈｄｖｒｑ＃＋ＭＭＤＶ，
1G1
19
55
19
1G2
16
60
16
1G5A
17
49
22
1GB1A
11
50
27
1GD31
17
45
26
Ｖｒｘｕｆｈ＝＃Ｉｒｕｈｖｗｕ｜＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｅｈｈｎｈｈｓｌｑｊ／＃５３３８
Station
Ｖｋｒｕｗ＃ｕｄｌｑｖ＃＋ＲＱＧ，
7
8
12
12
12
Ｗｕｈｑｇ＃ｄｑｄｏ｜ｖｌｖ＃ｒｉ＃ｄｑｑｘｄｏ＃ｒｚｖ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ＃ｖｋｒｚｖ＃ｄ＃ｓｕｈｇｒｐｌｑｄｑｆｈ＃ｒｉ＃ｇｈｆｏｌｑｌｑｊ＃ｒｚｖ＃ｗｋｕｒｘｊｋｒｘｗ＃ｗｋｈ＃
｜ｈｄｕ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ／＃ｚｌｗｋ＃ｄ＃ｓｕｈｇｒｐｌｑｄｑｆｈ＃ｒｉ＃ｇｈｆｏｌｑｌｑｊ＃ｒｚｖ＃ｌｑ＃ｈｄｆｋ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｉｒｘｕ＃ｖｈｄｖｒｑｖ＃ﾲ＃ｏｒｑｊ＃ｕｄｌｑｖ／＃
ｇｕ｜＃ｖｈｄｖｒｑ／＃ｖｋｒｕｗ＃ｕｄｌｑｖ／＃ｄｑｇ＃ｌｑｗｈｕｐｈｇｌｄｗｈ＃ｖｈｄｖｒｑ＃＋Ｉｒｕｈｖｗｕ｜＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｅｈｈｎｈｈｓｌｑｊ／＃５３３８，１＃Ｖｈｄｖｒｑｄｏ＃ｒｚ＃ｇｈｆｕｈｄｖｈｖ＃ｌｑ＃
ｏｒｑｊ＃ｕｄｌｑｖ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｇｕ｜＃ｖｈｄｖｒｑ＃ｄｕｈ＃ｐｒｖｗ＃ｖｌｊｑｌｆｄｑｗ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃＋ｅｄｖｈｇ＃ｒｑ＃Ｐｇｘｎｚｈ＃ｖｗｄｗｌｒｑ＃４ＪＧ６４＃ｇｄｗｄ，＃ｖｌｑｆｈ＃ｗｋｈ＃
ｈｄｕｏ｜＃４＜＜３ﾷｖ１＃Ｗｋｈ＃ｕｈｖｘｏｗｖ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｕｈｑｇ＃ｄｑｄｏ｜ｖｌｖ＃ｄｕｈ＃ｖｋｒｚｑ＃ｌｑ＃Ｗｄｅｏｈ＃７＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｉｌｊｘｕｈｖ＃９＃ｄｑｇ＃：＃ｅｈｏｒｚ１
Ｗｄｅｏｈ＃７１＃Ｗｕｈｑｇ＃ｌｑ＃ｖｈｄｖｒｑｄｏ＃ｐｈｄｑ＃ｒｚｖ＃ｄｗ＃ｖｈｏｈｆｗｈｇ＃ｊｄｊｌｑｊ＃ｖｗｄｗｌｒｑｖ
Station
Useful records
Trend
Intermediate
ｖｈｄｖｒｑ＃＋ＭＩ，
1G1
４＜８７＃０＃４＜；６
0.31
1G2
４＜８８＃０＃４＜；４
０３１７９
1G5A
４＜９８＃０＃４＜；６
０３１；；
1GD31
４＜９＜＃０＃５３３５
０４１８５
Ｖｒｘｕｆｈ＝＃Ｉｒｕｈｖｗｕ｜＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｅｈｈｎｈｈｓｌｑｊ／＃５３３８
Figure 6. Spatial variation of the slope of a linear
ｗｕｈｑｇ＃ｉｒｕ＃ｄｑｑｘｄｏ＃ｒｚｖ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ０Ｕｘｙｘ＃ｅｄｖｌｑ１＃
＼ｈｏｏｒｚ＃ｗｕｌｄｑｊｏｈｖ＃ｌｑｇｌｆｄｗｈ＃ｇｈｆｕｈｄｖｌｑｊ＃ｗｕｈｑｇｖ＃＋ｖｒｘｕｆｈ＝＃＃
Ｉｒｕｈｖｗｕ｜＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｅｈｈｎｈｈｓｌｑｊ／＃５３３８，
6
Long rains
＋ＰＤＰ，
０４１７：
０４１７５
０５１４９
０４１３８
Dry season
＋ＭＭＤＶ，
０４１７７
０５１６６
０５１３；
０４１：：
Short rains
＋ＲＱＧ，
0.56
０３１４７
０５１３；
０４１３：
Annual
０３１９５
０４１５；
０４１６９
０４１３８
Figure 7 Spatial variation of the slope of a linear trend
ｉｒｕ＃ｖｋｒｕｗ＃ｕｄｌｑｖ＃＋ＲＱＧ，＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ０Ｕｘｙｘ＃ｅｄｖｌｑ１＃＼ｈｏｏｒｚ＃
ｗｕｌｄｑｊｏｈｖ＃ｌｑｇｌｆｄｗｈ＃ｇｈｆｕｈｄｖｌｑｊ＃ｗｕｈｑｇｖ＃＋ｖｒｘｕｆｈ＝＃Ｉｒｕｈｖｗｕ｜＃
ｄｑｇ＃Ｅｈｈｎｈｈｓｌｑｊ／＃５３３８，
５１５＃Ｗｋｈ＃Ｈｖｗｘｄｕ｜1
Ｗｋｈ＃ｏｒｚｈｕ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｈｆｒｖ｜ｖｗｈｐ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｈｖｗｘｄｕ｜＃ｖｘｓｓｒｕｗｖ＃ｄｅｘｑｇｄｑｗ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｇｌｙｈｕｖｈ＃ｅｌｕｇ＃ｏｌｉｈ／＃ｖｋ／＃ｋｌｓｓｒｖ／＃ｆｕｒｆｒｇｌｏｈｖ／＃
and well preserved mangrove forests. The salty marsh estuaries close to the river are home for pelican and
ｄｐｌｑｊｒ＃ｚｋｌｆｋ＃ｆｒｐｈ＃ｗｒ＃ｉｈｈｇ＃ｒｑ＃ｖｋ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｆｕｘｖｗｄｆｈｄｑｖ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｖｈｄ１＃Ｗｋｈ＃ｓｕｈｙｄｌｏｌｑｊ＃ｖｓｈｆｌｈｖ＃ｒｉ＃ｐｄｑｊｕｒｙｈｖ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃
ｈｖｗｘｄｕ｜＃ ｄｕｈ＃ Ｄｙｌｆｈｑｑｌｄ＃ ｐｄｕｌｑｄ＃ ＋Ｙｈｕｅｈｑｄｆｈｄｈ，＃ ｄｑｇ＃ ｗｋｕｈｈ＃ ｖｓｈｆｌｈｖ＃ ｒｉ＃ Ｕｋｌ｝ｒｓｋｒｕｄｆｈｄｈ＃ ＋Ｕｋｌ｝ｒｓｋｒｕｄ＃ ｐｘｆｕｒｑｄｗｄ＃
ｒｕ＃ ｐｎｒｎｒ／＃ Ｅｕｘｊｘｌｈｕｄ＃ ｊ｜ｐｑｒｕｕｋｌ｝ｄ＃ ｒｕ＃ ｐｖｌｑｇｌ＃ ｄｑｇ＃ Ｆｈｕｌｒｓｖ＃ ｗｄｖｊｄｏ＃ ｒｕ＃ ｐｎｄｑｇｄｄ，１＃ Ｗｋｈ＃ ｐｄｑｊｕｒｙｈｖ＃ ｖｘｓｓｒｕｗ＃ ｄｑ＃
ｈ｛ｗｈｑｖｌｙｈ＃ｌｑｗｈｕｗｌｇｄｏ＃ｖｋｈｕ｜＃ｄｑｇ＃ｓｕｒｙｌｇｈ＃ｑｘｕｖｈｕ｜＃ｊｕｒｘｑｇｖ＃ｉｒｕ＃ｄ＃ｑｄｗｌｒｑｄｏｏ｜＃ｌｐｓｒｕｗｄｑｗ＃ｓｕｄｚｑ＃ｌｑｇｘｖｗｕ｜１＃Ｐｄｑｊｕｒｙｈｖ＃
also protect the coastline against destructive waves, enhance water quality, retain sediments and nutrients,
ｄｑｇ＃ｓｕｒｙｌｇｈ＃ｋｄｅｌｗｄｗ＃ｉｒｕ＃ｖｋ／＃ｅｌｕｇ＃ｖｓｈｆｌｈｖ／＃ｋｌｓｓｒｖ／＃ｆｕｒｆｒｇｌｏｈｖ／＃ｄｑｇ＃ｐｒｑｎｈ｜ｖ１＃
The lives and livelihoods of people living in villages along and near the estuary are tightly linked to the
ｈｑｙｌｕｒｑｐｈｑｗｄｏ＃ｖｈｕｙｌｆｈｖ＃ｗｋｄｗ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｈｖｗｘｄｕ｜＃ｓｕｒｙｌｇｈｖ１＃＃Ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｈｖｗｘｄｕ｜＃ｄｑｇ＃ｑｈｄｕｅ｜＃ｆｒｄｖｗｄｏ＃ｄｕｈｄｖ＃ｖｘｓｓｒｕｗ＃
ｒｑｈ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｐｒｖｗ＃ｌｐｓｒｕｗｄｑｗ＃ｄｕｗｌｖｄｑｄｏ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｆｒｐｐｈｕｆｌｄｏ＃ｓｕｄｚｑ＃ｖｋｈｕｌｈｖ＃ｌｑ＃Ｗｄｑ｝ｄｑｌｄ１＃＃Ｄｗ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｐｒｘｗｋ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃
ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｏｌｈｖ＃ｄ＃ｖｐｄｏｏ＃ｖｋｌｑｊ＃ｆｄｐｓ／＃ｋｒｐｈ＃ｗｒ＃ｄｅｒｘｗ＃４３３＃ｓｈｒｓｏｈ＃ｚｋｒｖｈ＃ｐｄｌｑ＃ｖｒｘｕｆｈ＃ｒｉ＃ｉｒｒｇ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｌｑｆｒｐｈ＃ｄｕｈ＃ｖｋ＃ｗｋｄｗ＃
ｌｑｋｄｅｌｗ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｈｖｗｘｄｕ｜＃ｄｑｇ＃ｑｈｄｕｅ｜＃ｒｉｉｖｋｒｕｈ＃ｄｕｈｄｖ１＃＃＃Ｍｘｖｗ＃ｑｒｕｗｋ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｄｏｒｑｊ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｌｑｇｌｄｑ＃Ｒｆｈｄｑ＃ｆｒｄｖｗｏｌｑｈ＃
ｌｖ＃Ｖｄｄｇｄｑｌ＃Ｙｌｏｏｄｊｈ／＃ｒｑｈ＃ｒｉ＃Ｗｄｑ｝ｄｑｌｄﾷｖ＃ｒｏｇｈｖｗ＃ｋｘｐｄｑ＃ｖｈｗｗｏｈｐｈｑｗｖ１＃＃Ｓｕｄｚｑ＃ｖｋｈｕｌｈｖ＃ｇｕｌｙｈ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｏｒｆｄｏ＃ｈｆｒｑｒｐ｜＃ｒｉ＃
Ｖｄｄｇｄｑｌ＃Ｙｌｏｏｄｊｈ１＃＃Ｉｌｖｋｈｕｖ＃ｚｒｕｎｌｑｊ＃ｌｑ＃ｊｕｒｘｓｖ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｚｒ＃ｘｖｈ＃ｖｈｌｑｈ＃ｑｈｗｖ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｖｋ＃ｄｗ＃ｏｒｚ＃ｗｌｇｈ＃ｖｗｄｑｇｌｑｊ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｚｄｗｈｕ＃ｘｓ＃
ｗｒ＃ｗｋｈｌｕ＃ｆｋｈｖｗ１＃Ｑｈｄｕｏ｜＃ｄｏｏ＃ｐｈｑ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｙｌｏｏｄｊｈ＃ｄｕｈ＃ｌｑｙｒｏｙｈｇ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｓｕｄｚｑ＃ｖｋｈｕ｜＃ｌｑ＃ｖｒｐｈ＃ｚｄ｜＃ｄｑｇ＃ｇｘｕｌｑｊ＃ｓｈｄｎ＃
ｗｌｐｈｖ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃｜ｈｄｕ／＃ｗｋｈ＃ｓｒｓｘｏｄｗｌｒｑ＃ｌｑｆｕｈｄｖｈｖ＃ｇｕｄｐｄｗｌｆｄｏｏ｜＃ｄｖ＃ｖｋｈｕｐｈｑ＃ｉｕｒｐ＃ｒｗｋｈｕ＃ｓｄｕｗｖ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｆｒｄｖｗｏｌｑｈ＃ｐｌｊｕｄｗｈ＃
ｗｒ＃Ｖｄｄｇｄｑｌ＃Ｙｌｏｏｄｊｈ＃ｉｒｕ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｓｕｄｚｑ＃ｖｈｄｖｒｑ１＃＃
Ｗｋｈ＃ｓｈｄｎ＃ｖｈｄｖｒｑ＃ｉｒｕ＃ｓｕｄｚｑ＃ｖｋｌｑｊ＃ｒｆｆｘｕｖ＃ｅｈｗｚｈｈｑ＃Ｐｄｕｆｋ＃ｄｑｇ＃Ｐｄ｜／＃ｄｑｇ＃ｗｋｈｑ＃ｗｋｈｕｈ＃ｌｖ＃ｄｑｒｗｋｈｕ＃ｖｐｄｏｏｈｕ＃ｓｈｄｎ＃
that occurs between September and December. These seasons correspond with transitional and wet periods
ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃Ｖｘｅ０ｅｄｖｌｑ１＃Ｇｘｕｌｑｊ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｓｈｄｎ＃ｖｋｌｑｊ＃ｖｈｄｖｒｑ／＃ｖｒｐｈ＃｝ｒｑｄｗｌｒｑ＃ｒｆｆｘｕｖ＃ｌｑ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｇｌｖｗｕｌｅｘｗｌｒｑ＃ｄｑｇ＃
ｄｅｘｑｇｄｑｆｈ＃ｒｉ＃ｓｕｄｚｑｖ＃ｌｑ＃ｆｒｄｖｗｄｏ＃ｄｕｈｄｖ＃ｑｒｕｗｋ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｐｒｘｗｋ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ１＃＃Ｄｆｆｒｕｇｌｑｊ＃ｗｒ＃ｏｒｆｄｏ＃ｖｋｈｕｐｈｑ／＃
ｑｈｄｕ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｖｗｄｕｗ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｐｄｕｆｋ０Ｐｄ｜＃ｓｈｄｎ＃ｖｈｄｖｒｑ／＃ｗｋｈ＃ｆｄｗｆｋ＃ｌｖ＃ｅｈｖｗ＃ｄｕｒｘｑｇ＃Ｖｄｄｇｄｑｌ＃Ｙｌｏｏｄｊｈ＃＋Ｄｑｇｈｕｖｒｑ＃ｄｑｇ＃ＰｆＱｄｏｏ｜／＃
５３３：，１＃＃Ｄｖ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｖｈｄｖｒｑ＃ｓｕｒｊｕｈｖｖｈｖ／＃ｖｋｌｉｗｖ＃ｒｆｆｘｕ＃ｌｑ＃ｓｕｄｚｑ＃ｇｌｖｗｕｌｅｘｗｌｒｑ＃ｄｑｇ＃ｄｅｘｑｇｄｑｆｈ１＃Ｗｒｚｄｕｇ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｈｑｇ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｓｈｄｎ＃
ｖｋｌｑｊ＃ｖｈｄｖｒｑ／＃ｆｄｗｆｋ＃ｌｖ＃ｅｈｖｗ＃ｌｑ＃ｙｌｏｏｄｊｈｖ＃ｑｒｕｗｋ＃ｒｉ＃Ｖｄｄｇｄｑｌ１＃＃Ｏｒｆｄｏ＃ｖｋｈｕｐｈｑ＃ｆｏｄｌｐ＃ｗｋｄｗ＃ｗｋｈｖｈ＃ｖｋｌｉｗｖ＃ｄｕｈ＃ｇｕｌｙｈｑ＃ｅ｜＃
ｆｋｄｑｊｈｖ＃ｌｑ＃ｚｌｑｇｖ／＃ｕｄｗｋｈｕ＃ｗｋｄｑ＃ｅｈｌｑｊ＃ｄ＃ｕｈｖｓｒｑｖｈ＃ｗｒ＃ｓｕｄｚｑ＃ｖｋｌｑｊ＃ｓｕｈｖｖｘｕｈｖ＃＋Ｄｑｇｈｕｖｒｑ＃ｄｑｇ＃ＰｆＱｄｏｏ｜／＃５３３：，１
Ｏｒｆｄｏ＃ｖｋｈｕｐｈｑ＃ｄｆｎｑｒｚｏｈｇｊｈ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｌｐｓｒｕｗｄｑｆｈ＃ｒｉ＃ｗｋｈ＃Ｚｄｐｌ＃ｕｌｙｈｕ＃ｈｖｗｘｄｕ｜＃ｄｑｇ＃ｒｉ＃ｉｕｈｖｋｚｄｗｈｕ＃ｒｚｖ＃ｗｒ＃ｗｋｈ＃ｓｕｄｚｑ＃
ｖｋｈｕ｜＃ ｄｕｒｘｑｇ＃ Ｖｄｄｇｄｑｌ＃ Ｙｌｏｏｄｊｈ１＃ ＃ Ｉｕ