The Effectiveness of Comic Strip for Teaching Simple Past Tense ( an experimental study at the second grade students of MTs Muhammadiyah Kalibening in Academic Year 2016 ) - repository perpustakaan
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY A. Method of the Research In this research the writer used the experimental method. The
experimental research was aimed to know if there were effect or not for the population or subject of the research (Arikunto, 1990:272). There were two groups; the first group was called experimental class, which was given treatment by using Comic strips as media in teaching past tense and the other one was called control class, which was not given by that media. The writer used the quasi experimental design since there were two classes given different treatment. The design of research is as follows: E : Q1 x Q2 C : Q3 x Q4 Where : E : Experimental group C : Control group X : Treatment Q1 : Pre-test experimental group
Q2 : Post-test experimental group Q3 : Pre-test control group Q4 : post-test control group
(Arikunto, 1998: 79)
B. Place and Time of Research
The research was carried out in MTs Muhammadiyah Kalibening. It focused on the second year students as experimental class and control class. The experimental class was the 8 A class consists of 30 students and the control class was the 8 B class consists of 30 students. They were given pre-test to find out the students ability before the experiment. The post-test was given after the experiment.
Schedule of research is as follow :
Time of Research
Months of 2016 Num Activities
Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan
1 Making Proposal
2 Join Counseling
3 Collecting Data
4 Analyzing
5 Making Report C.
Subject of Research 1. Population
Population is the whole of the research (Arikunto, 1997:115). The writer chose population in the second year students of MTs Muhammadiyah Kalibening, Banjarnegara in academic year 2016.
According to Arikunto (1998: 7) sample is a part of population. If the number of the subject of the research more than a hundred, the sample taken 10- 15% or 20-25% or more of the population. The writer took cluster sampling as a method in sampling. The writer used 8 A and 8 B class.
D. Method of Collecting Data
The writer used test as instrument for collecting data. Test is a sequence of questions exercise or other tools which were used to measure skills, knowledge, intelligent or talent of individual or group (Arikunto, 1993:173). In this study the writer used two kinds of test. They were pre-test and post-test.
1. Pre-Test
Pre-test was given to measure the beginning condition of every group experimental and control. This test was given before the classes were given treatment. There were two forms of test, they were multiple choice and essay tests.
2. Post-Test
It was used to measure the effect of certain treatment. In this case was teaching past tense using comic strips. The instruments of test were multiple choice and essay test. The reason why the writer chose this type of test is because the multiple choice test could be corrected objectively in correcting. It is easier and can be corrected fast because it used key answer of the test (Arikunto, 1993:164).
E. Method of Analyzing Data
After the data was collected by giving pre-test and post-test to the control group and experimental group, the data was analyzed by the statistical test as below : 1.
Students Individual Achievement
To know the result of individual achievement, the writer used formula as follow:
F P =
X 100 % N
Where :
P = percentage F
= frequency
N = the maximum score 2.
Classical Achievement
To measure the classical achievement of the students‟ mastery of past tense both control and experimental group, the writer used the following formula :
- x 2
- y 2
- – X1)
- The pre-test score decreases the post-test score of each student
- Then, the writer counted the total of deviation (residual) (
- Finally, the writer counted the total of the students in control class is divided into the number of students in that class
- The sum of squared deviation
- – 2 Where : d.f = degree of freedom
Experimental group
M =
n
Where :
M = mean of experiment group
x 2 = the sum of score post-test of experiment group n
= the total number of respondents Control group
M =
n
Where : M = mean of control group
y 2 = the sum of score post-test of control group n
= the total number of respondents From classical achievement, we found the level of student‟s competence in past tense. In term of percentage achievement, Arikunto (1998:57) suggest five categories of the students.
There were : 81% to 100% = Very good 61% to 80% = Good 41% to 65% = Fair 21% to 40% = Bad
By consulting to the criteria above, the writer knew the criteria of classical competence.
3. Hypothesis Testing
To know the result from the treatment, the writer used t-test formula. The writer used t-formula and was carried out some steps: a.
The writer made a table as follow : Number of Experiment Class Control Class Respondents 2 2 X1
X2 X Y1 Y2 Y
X Y Sum
Where : X1 = Pre-test of experiment class Y1 = Pre-test of control class X2 = Post-test of experiment class Y2 = Post-test of control class X = Y = Residual (X2
The pre-test score decreases the post-test score of each student 2. Then, the writer counted the total of deviation (residual) (
x = total of deviation n
Where : Mx = mean of deviation of experimental class
Mx = n x
Finally, the writer counted the total of the students in experiment class that was divided into the number of students in that class.
x ) 3.
To find out the mean of deviation of experiment class ( Mx ) 1.
1) To find out the mean of deviation of control class ( My )
= number of student of control class 2)
y = total deviation n
Where : My = mean of control class
My = n y
y )
= number of students of experimental class c.
The sum of squared deviation of each class must be calculated
n x x x 2 2 2
Where :
2 x = square deviation of experiment class
x = total deviation of experiment class n
= number of students of experiment class
n y y y 2 2 2
Where :
2 y = square deviation of control class
y = total deviation of control class n
= number of students of control class d.
The writer applied all of them into t-test formula ` To find out whether there are any effectiveness of comic strips as the media in teaching past tense, the writer compared the means of control group and experimental group using t-test formula as follow :
Mx My t test 2 2
x y
1
1
Nx Ny Nx Ny
2
Where :
Mx
= mean of students gain in experimental group
My = mean of students gain in control group 2 x = the total square of experimental group
2 y = the total square of control group
Nx
= the total number of experimental group
Ny = the total group of control group e.
The last, the writer calculated degree of freedom (d.f.) by using formula: d.f = (Nx + Ny)
Nx = the total number of experimental group Ny
= the total group of control group After using the t-counted, then the writer compared it to t-table of a certain significant level. If the t-counted was higher than t-table, it means that there was positive effect of comic strips as a media in teaching past tense. So, the writer hypothesis was accepted. On the other hand, if the t-counted was lower than t-table, the writer hypothesis was not accepted.