THE ANALYSIS OF THEME IN ANTON CHEKOV`S THE PROPOSAL SKRIPSI
THE ANALYSIS OF THEME
IN ANTON CHEKOV`S THE PROPOSAL
SKRIPSI
By:
LIS ZUROIDA
NIM 20101111127
DEPARTMENT ENGLISH EDUCATION
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURABAYA
2014
PERNYATAAN TIDAK MELAKUKAN PLAGIAT
Nama
: Lis Zuroida
NIM
: 201011127
Fakultas
: Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan
Program Studi
: Bahasa Inggris
Menyatakan bahwa skripsi/KTI/Tesis yang saya tulis ini benar-benar tulisan
karya sendiri bukan hasil plagiat, baik sebagian maupun keseluruhan. Bila dikemudian
hari terbukti hasil plagiasi, maka saya bersedia menerima sanksi akademik sesuai
ketentuan yang berlaku di Universitas Mhammadiyah Surabaya.
Surabaya, 29 Mei 2014
Yang Membuat Pernyataan
(Lis Zuroida)
NIM.20101111127
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
Name
: Lis Zuroida
NIM
: 201011127
Study Program
: English Faculty
Faculty
: Teacher Training and Education Science
I declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. Except where refferences
is made in the text of this thesis containts no material published elsewhere or
extracted in whole or in part from this thesis by which I have qualified for or
awarded another degree.
If it proven or can be proven that this paper plagiarized later, then I am
willing to accept sanctions for such acts as provided by law.
Surabaya,
2014
Lis Zuroida
RATIFICATION
Accepted by the Boards of Examiners of partial fulfillment of requirement
for the degree of Sarjana Pendidikan in English University of Muhammadiyah
Boards of Examiners
I.
Drs. Wijayadi, M. Pd.
II. Dra. Mas’ulah, MA
Signature
Date
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
III Ari Setyorini, SS., MA.
The Dean of English Department
Teaching Training and Education Faculty
Muhammadiyah University of Surabaya,
Dr. M. Ridlwan, M. Pd.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Alhamdulillah, first of all I would like to thank God as finally I was able to
finish this research. This research had been done with all afford by group
members even though many problems were happened in the process of
arrangement this research. Alhamdulillah, all the problems can be finished well.
Besides that, I want to say big thank I address to
1. Dr. M. Ridwan. M. Pd. As my dean of English Department Language and
Art Faculty University of Muhammadiyah Surabay
2. Mrs. Linda Mayasari. S. Pd. M. Pd. As the head of English study program
of University of Muhammadiyah Surabay
3. My lecturer Drs. Wijayadi M. Pd. and Drs. Farhan Noor M. Pd.
Because without his guide my project cannot be done like this. They
always give supports and guide how to do the assignment in purpose to produce a
good outcome from the research that been studied. In this research the researcher
choosed The Analysis of Theme in Anton Chekhov`s The Proposal and once more
I want to say thank you very much to everyone that have helped, supported and
give me many guide to understand the things that I should know while
studying English and also in producing good project work. Finally, thank to my
beloved family and friends that always together with me and also work hard
to produce a good assignment with all afford and responsibility. Hope that all the
effort will give a lot of benefits to us and also to our university. Million thank also
I wish to all my lecturer because they also help me in doing this research. They
always give me ideas and comments on my project so that I can improve my
project in many ways.
Sidoarjo,
march 2014
Lis Zuroida
NIM:
20101111127
TABLE OF CONTAIN
TITLE SHEET __________________________________________
I
MOTTO AND DEDICATION PAGE ________________________
II
APPROVAL PAGE ______________________________________
III
RATIFICATION _________________________________________
IV
ABSTRACT _____________________________________________
V
ABSTRAKSI ____________________________________________
VI
ACKNOWLADGEMENT _________________________________
VII
TABLE OF CONTAIN ____________________________________ VIII
BAB I: INTRODUCTION
1.1. ...........................................................................................
Background of The Research ...................................................... 1
1.2. ........................................................................................... Question
of The Research ............................................................................ 3
1.3. ........................................................................................... Objective
of The Research ............................................................................ 3
1.4. ...........................................................................................
Significance of The Research ....................................................... 3
1.5. ........................................................................................... Scope and
Limitation .................................................................................... 4
1.6. ........................................................................................... Definition
of Special Terms ........................................................................... 4
BAB II: RIVEW OF RELETED LITERATURE
2.1 ............................................................................................ Literature
.................................................................................................... 6
2.2 ............................................................................................ Drama
.................................................................................................... 7
2.2.1. Character and Characterization .................................... 8
2.2.1.1 .......................................................................Character
............................................................................ 8
2.2.1.1.1 .............................................................Major
Character ................................................. 9
2.2.1.1.2 .............................................................Minor
Character ................................................. 9
2.2.1.1.3 .............................................................Dynamic
Character ................................................. 10
2.2.1.1.4 .............................................................Static
Character ................................................. 10
2.2.1.1.5 .............................................................Round
Character ................................................. 11
2.2.1.1.6 .............................................................Flat
Character ................................................. 11
2.2.1.2 .......................................................................Characteriz
ation ...................................................................... 12
2.2.1.2.1 .............................................................Characteriz
ation By A Character .............................. 12
2.2.1.2.1.1 ....................................................Figural
Characterization .............................. 13
2.2.1.2.1.2 ....................................................Self
Characterization .............................. 13
2.2.2................................................................................Plot
..................................................................................... 13
2.2.2.1. ..................................................................... Exposition
......................................................................... 14
2.2.2.2. ..................................................................... Rising
Action .................................................................. 15
2.2.2.3. ..................................................................... Climax
......................................................................... 15
2.2.2.4. ..................................................................... Falling
Action .................................................................. 16
2.2.2.5. ..................................................................... Resolution
......................................................................... 16
2.2.3................................................................................Setting
................................................................................. 16
2.2.3.1. .....................................................................Time
......................................................................... 17
2.2.3.2. .....................................................................Place
......................................................................... 17
2.2.3.3. .....................................................................Location
......................................................................... 17
2.2.3.4. .....................................................................Period
......................................................................... 17
2.2.4................................................................................Theme
................................................................................. 18
2.3 ............................................................................................Thematic
Analysis ........................................................................................ 19
2.4 ............................................................................................Theme and
Plot................................................................................................ 20
2.5 ............................................................................................Theme and
Setting ........................................................................................... 21
2.6 ............................................................................................Theme and
Character ...................................................................................... 21
BAB III: METHOD OF THE RESEARCH
3. 1 ........................................................................................... Research
Design ........................................................................................... 23
3. 2 ........................................................................................... Data
Source ........................................................................................... 24
3. 3 ........................................................................................... Technique
of Collecting Data ........................................................................ 24
3. 4 ........................................................................................... Data
Analysis ........................................................................................ 25
BAB IV: ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
4.1 ............................................................................................Analysis
Theme From Plot .......................................................................... 26
4.2 ............................................................................................ Analysis
Theme From Setting ..................................................................... 29
4.3 ............................................................................................Analysis
Theme From Character ................................................................ 33
BAB V: CONCLUSION
5.1 ............................................................................................
Conclusion .................................................................................... 42
5.2 ............................................................................................ Suggestion
...................................................................................................... 43
BIBLIOGHRAPHY .............................................................................. 45
APPENDIX ............................................................................................ 49
BIBLIOGHRAPY
Abrams, M, H. 1999. A Glossary of Literary Terms seventh edition. USA:
EariMcPeek.
Amora , Michael . 2010.” Quantitative Vs. Qualitative Research – When to Use
Which”. Surveygizmo. (Online). Retrieved from:
http://www.surveygizmo.com/survey-blog/quantitative-qualitativeresearch/. May 25, 2014.
Asmaradani, Ahmad idris. 2009. Some Outlines of Drama (a module of drama).
Surabaya University.
Austin, Villarreal, Becky. 2001.” Central Idea in Literature - Austin Community
College”. (Online). Retrieved from:
www.austincc.edu/bvillarr/theme.htm. September 14 , 2013.
Bavota. C. 2014.”Plot”. .Literary Devices. (Online). Retreivred from:
http://literarydevices.net/plot/. May 21,.2014. 2014
Bavota. C. 2014.”Theme”. .Literary Devices. (Online). Retreivred from:
http://literarydevices.net/theme/. May 28,2014.
Beaty, et al. 1973. The Norton Introduction to Literature. USA. W. W Norton &
Company.
Benjamin, Abugu. 2010.” Literature As A Reflection Of The Society ...”.
ExpertsColumn.com. (Online). Retrieved from:
abugubenjamin.expertscolumn.com/article/literature-reflection. Juny19,
2013
Bonn, Julien D. 2010. A Comprehensive Dictionary of Literature. India: Abhishek
Publications
Davis. 2007.” How to Write an Analysis of Theme”. Teaching College English.
(Online). Retrieved from:
http://www.teachingcollegeenglish.com/2007/08/10/how-to-write-ananalysis-of-theme/. August 11, 2013.
DiYanni, Robert.2002. Literature Reading Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. USA.
McGraw Hill Companies.
DiYanni, Robert. 2002.” Literature | Glossary of Drama Terms - McGraw-Hill
HigherEducation”. (Online). Retrieved from:
highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0072405228/.../drama_glossary.html.Janu
ary 10, 2014.
Emily Chen, Chi-Fen. 2009.” Children's Literature”. (Online). Retreivred from:
http://www2.nkfust.edu.tw/~emchen/CLit/study_elements.htm#style.
April 08, 2013
Ervin,Terry W. 2010.” Seven Common Character Types”. Fiction Factor.
(Online). Retreivred from:
http://www.fictionfactor.com/guests/common.html. March 09, 2014.
F, Bill. 2008. Definition of Theme”. (Online). Retrieved from:
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090122194445AAwvwJg
. May 23, 2014
Glaspell, Susan. 2014. “Literature Analyzing Theme”. (Online). Retrieved from:
www.learner.org/exhibits / literature/read/theme1.html. on April, 02 2014
Hamiddin. S. Pd. M. Pd. 2012. Introduction to Literature “A Handout of Prose,
Poetry, and Drama for EFL Students” (unpublished ). Malang: Islamic
Univercity of Malang.
Hanlon , Tina L. . 2009.” Guidelines for Reading and Analyzing Literature”.
(Online). Retrieved from:
http://www2.ferrum.edu/thanlon/studyq/litguide.htm. March 15, 2014.
Hull. 20005. “Elements of Fiction”. Handbook of Literary Terms. (Online).
Retrieved from:
http://www.swcs.us/home/studentlearning/Courses%20of%20Study/Power
Standards/7th%20resource%20book/7th%20%20literary%20elements.pdf.
September 12, 2013.
Jones, Janie. 2003. ”The Forms of Drama”. Lecture Notes Week2. (Online).
Retrieved from: http://homepage.smc.edu/jones_janie/TA%202/2Formso
fDrama.htm. April o2, 2014
Joyo, Ali Asghar . 2011. “Dryden's Definition of Drama”. (Online). Retrived
from: ezinearticles.com. December 01, 2013.
Kenney, William. 1966. How to Analyse Fiction. New York. MonarchPress.
Layne ,Ron and Lewis, Rick. 2009.” Plot, Theme, the Narrative Arc, and
Narrative Patterns”. (Online). Retrieved from:
http://www.sandhills.edu/academicdepartments/english/film/narrativearc.h
tml. March 15, 2014.
Letheridge Stefanie . and Mildore, Jarmila. 2004.” Prose”. Basics of English
Studies. (Online). Retreivred from:
http://www2.anglistik.unifreiburg.de/intranet/englishbasics/PDF/
Prose.pdf. March 20, 2014.
Lombardi, Esther. 2012. “Classic Literature”. (Online). Retrieved from:
http://classiclit.about.com/od/ literaryterms/g/aa whatislit. May o1, 2014
hMarie, Suzanna. 2014. "Plot," "Setting," "Comparing Themes," "Character,"
"Style, Tone, and Mood," "Irony," "Narrator and Voice" "Symbolism and
Allegory". Online). Retreivred from: http://quizlet.com/13414542/plotsetting-comparing-themes-character-style-tone-and-mood-irony-narratorand-voice-symbolism-and-allegory-flash-cards/. May 04, 2014.
Myers , Michael D. 1997.” Qualitative Research in Information Systems”.
Asssosiation for information systems. (Online). Retrieved from:
http://www.qual.auckland.ac.nz/. May 25, 2014.
O'Bannon, Mark 2011. "How Setting Affects Your Story " Better Story Telling.
(Online). Retreivred from:
http://www.betterstorytelling.net/thebasics/howsettingaffectsyourstory.
html. May 23, 2014.
Tchekoff, Anton. 1916. Plays by Anton Tchekoff Second Series (trans). Julius
West. New York: Charles Scribners Sons.
Webster, Merriam. 2013. “Drama”. (Online), Retrieved from:
http://www.merriamwebster.com/dictionary/drama. May 03, 2014
Welty , Stefanie. 2009. “Literary Elements, Plot, and Conflict”. (Online).
Retreivred from: http://edtech2.boisestate.edu/weltys/
502/conceptmap.html#top. May 03, 2014.
Wiehardt, Ginny. 2014.” Types of Characters”.About, Com Fiction Writing
(Online). Retreivred from:
http://fictionwriting.about.com/od/crafttechnique/tp/charactertypes.htm.
May04, 2014.
Wyse , Susan E. 2011.” What is the Difference between Qualitative Research and
Quantitative Research?”. Snap surveys. (Online). Retrieved from:
http://www.snapsurveys.com/blog/what-is-the-difference-betweenqualitative-research-and-quantitative-research/.May 25, 2014.
IN ANTON CHEKOV`S THE PROPOSAL
SKRIPSI
By:
LIS ZUROIDA
NIM 20101111127
DEPARTMENT ENGLISH EDUCATION
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURABAYA
2014
PERNYATAAN TIDAK MELAKUKAN PLAGIAT
Nama
: Lis Zuroida
NIM
: 201011127
Fakultas
: Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan
Program Studi
: Bahasa Inggris
Menyatakan bahwa skripsi/KTI/Tesis yang saya tulis ini benar-benar tulisan
karya sendiri bukan hasil plagiat, baik sebagian maupun keseluruhan. Bila dikemudian
hari terbukti hasil plagiasi, maka saya bersedia menerima sanksi akademik sesuai
ketentuan yang berlaku di Universitas Mhammadiyah Surabaya.
Surabaya, 29 Mei 2014
Yang Membuat Pernyataan
(Lis Zuroida)
NIM.20101111127
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
Name
: Lis Zuroida
NIM
: 201011127
Study Program
: English Faculty
Faculty
: Teacher Training and Education Science
I declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. Except where refferences
is made in the text of this thesis containts no material published elsewhere or
extracted in whole or in part from this thesis by which I have qualified for or
awarded another degree.
If it proven or can be proven that this paper plagiarized later, then I am
willing to accept sanctions for such acts as provided by law.
Surabaya,
2014
Lis Zuroida
RATIFICATION
Accepted by the Boards of Examiners of partial fulfillment of requirement
for the degree of Sarjana Pendidikan in English University of Muhammadiyah
Boards of Examiners
I.
Drs. Wijayadi, M. Pd.
II. Dra. Mas’ulah, MA
Signature
Date
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
III Ari Setyorini, SS., MA.
The Dean of English Department
Teaching Training and Education Faculty
Muhammadiyah University of Surabaya,
Dr. M. Ridlwan, M. Pd.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Alhamdulillah, first of all I would like to thank God as finally I was able to
finish this research. This research had been done with all afford by group
members even though many problems were happened in the process of
arrangement this research. Alhamdulillah, all the problems can be finished well.
Besides that, I want to say big thank I address to
1. Dr. M. Ridwan. M. Pd. As my dean of English Department Language and
Art Faculty University of Muhammadiyah Surabay
2. Mrs. Linda Mayasari. S. Pd. M. Pd. As the head of English study program
of University of Muhammadiyah Surabay
3. My lecturer Drs. Wijayadi M. Pd. and Drs. Farhan Noor M. Pd.
Because without his guide my project cannot be done like this. They
always give supports and guide how to do the assignment in purpose to produce a
good outcome from the research that been studied. In this research the researcher
choosed The Analysis of Theme in Anton Chekhov`s The Proposal and once more
I want to say thank you very much to everyone that have helped, supported and
give me many guide to understand the things that I should know while
studying English and also in producing good project work. Finally, thank to my
beloved family and friends that always together with me and also work hard
to produce a good assignment with all afford and responsibility. Hope that all the
effort will give a lot of benefits to us and also to our university. Million thank also
I wish to all my lecturer because they also help me in doing this research. They
always give me ideas and comments on my project so that I can improve my
project in many ways.
Sidoarjo,
march 2014
Lis Zuroida
NIM:
20101111127
TABLE OF CONTAIN
TITLE SHEET __________________________________________
I
MOTTO AND DEDICATION PAGE ________________________
II
APPROVAL PAGE ______________________________________
III
RATIFICATION _________________________________________
IV
ABSTRACT _____________________________________________
V
ABSTRAKSI ____________________________________________
VI
ACKNOWLADGEMENT _________________________________
VII
TABLE OF CONTAIN ____________________________________ VIII
BAB I: INTRODUCTION
1.1. ...........................................................................................
Background of The Research ...................................................... 1
1.2. ........................................................................................... Question
of The Research ............................................................................ 3
1.3. ........................................................................................... Objective
of The Research ............................................................................ 3
1.4. ...........................................................................................
Significance of The Research ....................................................... 3
1.5. ........................................................................................... Scope and
Limitation .................................................................................... 4
1.6. ........................................................................................... Definition
of Special Terms ........................................................................... 4
BAB II: RIVEW OF RELETED LITERATURE
2.1 ............................................................................................ Literature
.................................................................................................... 6
2.2 ............................................................................................ Drama
.................................................................................................... 7
2.2.1. Character and Characterization .................................... 8
2.2.1.1 .......................................................................Character
............................................................................ 8
2.2.1.1.1 .............................................................Major
Character ................................................. 9
2.2.1.1.2 .............................................................Minor
Character ................................................. 9
2.2.1.1.3 .............................................................Dynamic
Character ................................................. 10
2.2.1.1.4 .............................................................Static
Character ................................................. 10
2.2.1.1.5 .............................................................Round
Character ................................................. 11
2.2.1.1.6 .............................................................Flat
Character ................................................. 11
2.2.1.2 .......................................................................Characteriz
ation ...................................................................... 12
2.2.1.2.1 .............................................................Characteriz
ation By A Character .............................. 12
2.2.1.2.1.1 ....................................................Figural
Characterization .............................. 13
2.2.1.2.1.2 ....................................................Self
Characterization .............................. 13
2.2.2................................................................................Plot
..................................................................................... 13
2.2.2.1. ..................................................................... Exposition
......................................................................... 14
2.2.2.2. ..................................................................... Rising
Action .................................................................. 15
2.2.2.3. ..................................................................... Climax
......................................................................... 15
2.2.2.4. ..................................................................... Falling
Action .................................................................. 16
2.2.2.5. ..................................................................... Resolution
......................................................................... 16
2.2.3................................................................................Setting
................................................................................. 16
2.2.3.1. .....................................................................Time
......................................................................... 17
2.2.3.2. .....................................................................Place
......................................................................... 17
2.2.3.3. .....................................................................Location
......................................................................... 17
2.2.3.4. .....................................................................Period
......................................................................... 17
2.2.4................................................................................Theme
................................................................................. 18
2.3 ............................................................................................Thematic
Analysis ........................................................................................ 19
2.4 ............................................................................................Theme and
Plot................................................................................................ 20
2.5 ............................................................................................Theme and
Setting ........................................................................................... 21
2.6 ............................................................................................Theme and
Character ...................................................................................... 21
BAB III: METHOD OF THE RESEARCH
3. 1 ........................................................................................... Research
Design ........................................................................................... 23
3. 2 ........................................................................................... Data
Source ........................................................................................... 24
3. 3 ........................................................................................... Technique
of Collecting Data ........................................................................ 24
3. 4 ........................................................................................... Data
Analysis ........................................................................................ 25
BAB IV: ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
4.1 ............................................................................................Analysis
Theme From Plot .......................................................................... 26
4.2 ............................................................................................ Analysis
Theme From Setting ..................................................................... 29
4.3 ............................................................................................Analysis
Theme From Character ................................................................ 33
BAB V: CONCLUSION
5.1 ............................................................................................
Conclusion .................................................................................... 42
5.2 ............................................................................................ Suggestion
...................................................................................................... 43
BIBLIOGHRAPHY .............................................................................. 45
APPENDIX ............................................................................................ 49
BIBLIOGHRAPY
Abrams, M, H. 1999. A Glossary of Literary Terms seventh edition. USA:
EariMcPeek.
Amora , Michael . 2010.” Quantitative Vs. Qualitative Research – When to Use
Which”. Surveygizmo. (Online). Retrieved from:
http://www.surveygizmo.com/survey-blog/quantitative-qualitativeresearch/. May 25, 2014.
Asmaradani, Ahmad idris. 2009. Some Outlines of Drama (a module of drama).
Surabaya University.
Austin, Villarreal, Becky. 2001.” Central Idea in Literature - Austin Community
College”. (Online). Retrieved from:
www.austincc.edu/bvillarr/theme.htm. September 14 , 2013.
Bavota. C. 2014.”Plot”. .Literary Devices. (Online). Retreivred from:
http://literarydevices.net/plot/. May 21,.2014. 2014
Bavota. C. 2014.”Theme”. .Literary Devices. (Online). Retreivred from:
http://literarydevices.net/theme/. May 28,2014.
Beaty, et al. 1973. The Norton Introduction to Literature. USA. W. W Norton &
Company.
Benjamin, Abugu. 2010.” Literature As A Reflection Of The Society ...”.
ExpertsColumn.com. (Online). Retrieved from:
abugubenjamin.expertscolumn.com/article/literature-reflection. Juny19,
2013
Bonn, Julien D. 2010. A Comprehensive Dictionary of Literature. India: Abhishek
Publications
Davis. 2007.” How to Write an Analysis of Theme”. Teaching College English.
(Online). Retrieved from:
http://www.teachingcollegeenglish.com/2007/08/10/how-to-write-ananalysis-of-theme/. August 11, 2013.
DiYanni, Robert.2002. Literature Reading Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. USA.
McGraw Hill Companies.
DiYanni, Robert. 2002.” Literature | Glossary of Drama Terms - McGraw-Hill
HigherEducation”. (Online). Retrieved from:
highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0072405228/.../drama_glossary.html.Janu
ary 10, 2014.
Emily Chen, Chi-Fen. 2009.” Children's Literature”. (Online). Retreivred from:
http://www2.nkfust.edu.tw/~emchen/CLit/study_elements.htm#style.
April 08, 2013
Ervin,Terry W. 2010.” Seven Common Character Types”. Fiction Factor.
(Online). Retreivred from:
http://www.fictionfactor.com/guests/common.html. March 09, 2014.
F, Bill. 2008. Definition of Theme”. (Online). Retrieved from:
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090122194445AAwvwJg
. May 23, 2014
Glaspell, Susan. 2014. “Literature Analyzing Theme”. (Online). Retrieved from:
www.learner.org/exhibits / literature/read/theme1.html. on April, 02 2014
Hamiddin. S. Pd. M. Pd. 2012. Introduction to Literature “A Handout of Prose,
Poetry, and Drama for EFL Students” (unpublished ). Malang: Islamic
Univercity of Malang.
Hanlon , Tina L. . 2009.” Guidelines for Reading and Analyzing Literature”.
(Online). Retrieved from:
http://www2.ferrum.edu/thanlon/studyq/litguide.htm. March 15, 2014.
Hull. 20005. “Elements of Fiction”. Handbook of Literary Terms. (Online).
Retrieved from:
http://www.swcs.us/home/studentlearning/Courses%20of%20Study/Power
Standards/7th%20resource%20book/7th%20%20literary%20elements.pdf.
September 12, 2013.
Jones, Janie. 2003. ”The Forms of Drama”. Lecture Notes Week2. (Online).
Retrieved from: http://homepage.smc.edu/jones_janie/TA%202/2Formso
fDrama.htm. April o2, 2014
Joyo, Ali Asghar . 2011. “Dryden's Definition of Drama”. (Online). Retrived
from: ezinearticles.com. December 01, 2013.
Kenney, William. 1966. How to Analyse Fiction. New York. MonarchPress.
Layne ,Ron and Lewis, Rick. 2009.” Plot, Theme, the Narrative Arc, and
Narrative Patterns”. (Online). Retrieved from:
http://www.sandhills.edu/academicdepartments/english/film/narrativearc.h
tml. March 15, 2014.
Letheridge Stefanie . and Mildore, Jarmila. 2004.” Prose”. Basics of English
Studies. (Online). Retreivred from:
http://www2.anglistik.unifreiburg.de/intranet/englishbasics/PDF/
Prose.pdf. March 20, 2014.
Lombardi, Esther. 2012. “Classic Literature”. (Online). Retrieved from:
http://classiclit.about.com/od/ literaryterms/g/aa whatislit. May o1, 2014
hMarie, Suzanna. 2014. "Plot," "Setting," "Comparing Themes," "Character,"
"Style, Tone, and Mood," "Irony," "Narrator and Voice" "Symbolism and
Allegory". Online). Retreivred from: http://quizlet.com/13414542/plotsetting-comparing-themes-character-style-tone-and-mood-irony-narratorand-voice-symbolism-and-allegory-flash-cards/. May 04, 2014.
Myers , Michael D. 1997.” Qualitative Research in Information Systems”.
Asssosiation for information systems. (Online). Retrieved from:
http://www.qual.auckland.ac.nz/. May 25, 2014.
O'Bannon, Mark 2011. "How Setting Affects Your Story " Better Story Telling.
(Online). Retreivred from:
http://www.betterstorytelling.net/thebasics/howsettingaffectsyourstory.
html. May 23, 2014.
Tchekoff, Anton. 1916. Plays by Anton Tchekoff Second Series (trans). Julius
West. New York: Charles Scribners Sons.
Webster, Merriam. 2013. “Drama”. (Online), Retrieved from:
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