Lesson 4 Chap (9) - Array.pptx (699Kb)
ALGORITMA PEMROGRAMAN 2 Objectives
Whats is an array? Declaring an array? Initialization Array operations – using “for” loop with an array
Array of objects Array, why do we care?
The car example from the previous chapter on object-oriented programming. You may remember we developing a program that contained multiple instances of a class, that is, two object.
Car myCar1;
Array, why do we care?
How could I take this further and write a program with 100 car objects? We could try some ways, perhaps, with some clever copying and pasting, you might write a program with the following begining: Car myCar1;
Car myCar 2; Car myCar 3;
Array, why do we care?
An array will allow us to take these 100 lines of code and put them into one line.
Instead of having 100 variables, an array is one thing that contains a list of variables.
Any time a program requires multiple instances of similiar data, it might be time to use an array.
For example, an array can be used to store the scores of four players in a game, a selection of 10 colors in a design program, or list of fsh What is an array?
From the Chapter 4, you may recall that a variable is a named pointer to a location in memory where data is stored.
In other words, variables allow programs to keep track of information over a period of time.
An array is exactly the same, only instead of pointing to one singular piece of information, an array points to multiple pieces.
What is an array?
Figure 9.1
What is an array?
You can think of an array as a list of variables. A list, it should be noted, is useful for two important reasons.
b. Number two, the list keeps track of the order of
those elements (which element is the frst in the list, the second, the third, etc).This is a crucial point since in many programs, What is an array?
In an array, each element of the list has a unique index, an integer value that designates its position in the list (element #1, element #2, etc).
In all cases, the name of the array refers to the list as a whole, while each element is accessed via its position.
You colud see in Figure 9.2, the indicates range from 0 to 9. The array has a total of 10
What is an array?
Figure 9.2
Declaring and Creating Array
In Chapter Variables, we learned that all variables must have a name and a data type. Arrays are no diferent.
The declaration statement, however, does look diferent.
We denote the use of an array by placing
Declaring and Creating Array
For example, we started with an array of primitive values, for example, integers.
See Figure 9.3:
Declaring and Creating Array
The declaration in Figure 9.3 indicates that “arrayOfInts” will store a list of integers.
The array name “arrayOfInts” can be absolutely anything you want it to be (we only include the word “array” here to illustrate what we are learning).
One fundamental property of arrays, however, is that they are of fxed.
Declaring and Creating
Array Array declaration in Figure 9.4.Declaring and Creating Array
The Array declaration in Figure 9.4 allow us to specify the array size: how many elements we want the array to hold (or, technically, how much memory in the computer we are asking for store our beloved data).
We write this statement as follows: the new operator, followed by the data type, followed
by the size of the array enclosed in bracket.
This size must be an integer. Declaring and Creating Array Example 9-1: Additional array declaration and creation examples! a.
Float [] scores = new foat [4]; b.
Human [] people = new Human [100]; c. Int num = 50; Car [] cars = new Car[num]; Declaring and Creating Array Exercise 9-1: Write the declaration statements for the following arrays:
Declaring and Creating
Array Answer of Exercise 9-1: Int [] a = new int [30]; Float [] numb = new foat [100];
Declaring and Creating Array Exercise 9-2: Which of the following array declaration are valid and which are invalid (and why)?
Declaring and Creating Array Answer of Exercise 9-2:
VALID No VALID
VALID
VALID Initializing an Array
One way to fll an array is to hard-code the values stored in each spot the array.
Example 9-2: Initializing the elements of an array one at a time Initializing an Array
As you can see, we refere to each element of the array individually by specifying an index, starting at 0.
The syntax for this is the name of the array, followed by the index valu enclosed in brackets. Initializing an Array
A second option for initializing an array is to manually type out a list of values enclosed in curly braces and separated by commas.
Example 9-3: initializing the elements of an array all at once Array Operations
Consider, for a moment, the following problem:
(A) Create an array of 1000 foattng (B) potnt numbers.
Intttaltze every element of that array wtth a random number Array Operations
Part A we already know how to do.
what we want to avoid is having to do this for Part B:
Array Operations
Let’s describe in English what we want to program: For every number n from 0 to 99, initialize the n the element stored in array as a random value between 0 and 10.
Array Operations
Translating into code, we have :
Array Operations
Unfortunately, the situation has not improved.
We have, nonetheles, taken a big leap forward. By using a variable (n) to describe an index in the array, we can now employ a whtle loop to initialize every n element.
Array Operations
Example 9-4: Using a while loop to initialize an elements or an array Array Operations
A for loop allows us to be event more concise, as example 9-5 shows.
Example 9-5: Using a for loop to initialize all elements of an array Array Operations
We can exploit the same technique for any type of aray operation we might like to do beyond simply initializing the elements.
Array Operations
For example, we could the array and double the value of each element (we will use i from now on instead of n as it is more commonly used by programmers) Array Operations
There is one problem with Example 9-6: the use of the hard-coded value 1000. Striving to be better programmers, we should always question the existence of a hard-coded number.
In this case, what if we wanted to change the array to have 2000 elements? If our program was very long with many array operations, we would have to make Array Operations
Fortunately for us, Processtng gives us a nice means for accessing the size of an array dynamically, using the dot syntax we learned for Objects in Objects.
Lengthis a property of every array and
we can access it by saying” Array Operations
Let’s use length while clearing an array. This will involve every value to 0. Array Operations
Exercise 9-6: Assuming an array of 10 integers, thats is Write code to perform the following array operation (Note that the number of clues vary, just because a [...,...] is not explicity written in does not mean there should be brackets! Array Operations
Exercise 9-6: Assuming an array of 10 integers, thats is
For (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++){
Nums[i] = nums[i] * nums[i]; Array Operations
Exercise 9-6: Assuming an array of 10 integers, thats is
For (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++){
Nums[i] += int(random(0,10)); Array Operations
Exercise 9-6: Assuming an array of 10 integers, thats is
For (int i = 0; i < nums.length-1; i++){
Nums[i] += nums[i]; Array Operations
Int total = 0; For (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++){
total+= nums[i]; Simple Array Example: The Snake Example 9-8: A snake following the mouse
Simple Array Example: The Snake Example 9-8: A snake following the mouse
Simple Array Example: The Snake Example 9-8: A snake following the mouse
Simple Array Example: The Snake Example 9-8: A snake following the mouse
Simple Array Example: The Snake Example 9-8: A snake following the mouse
End Of File ...