LATIHAN SOAL TOEFL e-book ver 1.0

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LATIHAN SOAL TOEFL e-book ver 1.0

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READING

This sect ion is designed t o measure your abi lit y t o read and underst and short passages similar in t opic and st yl e t o t hose t hat st udent s are likely t o encount er in Nort h American universit ies and col leges. This sect ion cont ains reading passages and quest ions about t he passages. Leonardo da Vinci was born on April 15, 1452 in Vinci, It aly. He was t he ill egit imat e son of Ser Piero, a Florent ine not ary and landlord, but lived on t he est at e and was t reat ed as a legit imat e son. In 1483, Leonardo da Vinci drew t he f irst model of a helicopt er. It did not look very much like our modern day “ copt er, ” but t he idea of what it coul d do was about t he same. Leonardo was an art ist and scul pt or. He was very i nt erest ed in mot ion and movement and t ried t o show it in his art . In order t o show movement , he f ound it helpf ul t o st udy t he way t hings moved. One subj ect he liked t o st udy was birds and how t hey f l ew. He spent many hours wat ching t he birds and examining t he st ruct ure of t heir wings. He not iced how t hey cupped air wit h t heir wings and how t he f eat hers hel ped hol d t he air. Through t hese st udies, Leonardo began t o underst and how birds were abl e t o f ly. Like many ot her men, Leonardo began t o dream of t he day when peopl e would be able t o f ly. He designed a machine t hat used all t he t hings he had learned about f light , and t hus became t he f irst model of a helicopt er. Poor Leonardo had onl y one problem, however. He had no way t o give t he necessary speed t o his invent ion. You see, mot ors had not yet been invent ed and speed was an import ant part of t he f lying process. It would be anot her f our hundred years bef ore t he engine was invent ed and anot her f if t y years bef ore it was put t o t he t est in an airplane. Leonardo’ s dream of a helicopt er f inal ly came t o pass in 1936. The It alian paint er, scul pt or, archit ect , engi neer, and scient ist , Leonardo died on May 2, 1519, and was buried in t he cloist er of San Fiorent ino in Amboise.

1. What is t he aut hor’ s main point ? a. The invent ion of t he hel icopt er.

b. Birds cup air wit h t heir wings and use f eat hers t o help hold t he air.

c. An overview of one of Leonardo da Vinci’ s many skills.

d. Leonardo da Vinci was born in 1452 and di ed in 1519.

2. The word problem i n paragraph f ive coul d best be replaced by t he word:

a. dil emma

b. mist ake c. Danger d. pain

3. The word it in paragraph t wo ref ers t o:

a. Leonardo da Vinci

c. 1483

b. The f irst model helicopt er

d. mot ion and movement

4. Which paragraph explains why Leonardo’ s helicopt er was not successf ul in his lif et ime: a. paragraph 1

b. paragraph 2

c. paragraph 4

d. paragraph 5

5. The word il l egit imat e in paragraph one is closest in meaning t o:

a. against t he law or il legal

c. incorrect ly deduced; i llogical

b. not in correct usage

d. born out of wedlock

6. The f ollowing sent ence woul d best complet e which paragraph? “ Since t hen people have been living out Leonardo’ s dream of f lyi ng. ” a. paragraph 3

b. paragraph 4

c. paragraph 5

d. paragraph 2

7. What was t he mai n problem wit h Leonardo’ s invent ion?

a. mot ors were not yet invent ed

c. he was il legit imat e

b. t he birds lost t hei r f eat hers

d. he coul dn’ t draw

8. The word t hey in t he t hi rd paragraph ref ers t o:

a. t he f eat hers

b. t he birds

c. t he st udies

d. t he wi ngs

9. In what year was t he f irst helicopt er f lown

a. 1483 b. 1452 c. 1519 d. 1936

10. What t wo t hings di d birds have t hat Leonardo da Vinci not iced helped t hem t o f ly? a. wings and beaks

c. wings and f eat hers

b. f eat hers and t alons

d. cups and f eat hers

11. The word t hus in t he f ourt h paragraph coul d best be replaced by:

a. Hence

b. Af t er

c. Unsuit abl y

d. Inappropriat ely Glass f ibers are ext remel y st rong; f or t hei r weight , t hey are st ronger t han st eel . They are made by f orcing molt en glass t hrough t iny holes cal led spinneret s. As many as f our hundred spinneret s are placed t oget her, and t hreads of glass much t hinner t han human hairs are drawn of f at great speed-miles of t hread per minut e. As t hey speed along, t he t hreads are coat ed t hinl y wit h a t ype of glue and t wist ed i nt o a yarn. The glass f ibers are used wit h plast ics t o make boat s and car bodies. They are also woven int o heavy clot h f or window draperies and int o st rong belt s f or making t ires st ronger. A special kind of glass f iber is causing a revolut ion in communicat ions. A signal of light can be made t o t ravel along t he f iber f or very l ong dist ances. By changing t he qualit y of t he light , many messages can be sent at once along one st rand of gl ass. New of f ice bui ldi ngs are being “ wired” wit h glass f ibers as t hey are built . The glass f ibers wil l be used t o connect t elephones and comput ers in ways t hat not long ago were eit her impossible or t oo expensive. Glass wool t raps air in a t hick, light blanket of f ibers. This blanket is t hen put int o walls and ceilings t o keep warm air in during t he wint er and cool air i n duri ng t he summer.

Answer Key To make glass wool, molt en glass is f ed int o a spinning drum wit h many holes in it .

Sect ion 3 : Reading

As t he glass t hreads st ream out of t he hol es, t hey are f orced downward by a bl ast of 1. a. hot air and t hrough a spray of glues. The t hreads are t hen f urt her blown about t o 2. a. mix t hem up as t hey f al l in a t hick mat on a moving belt .

3. b.

The glass we see t hrough and drink out of has many, many ot her uses besides t he 4. d. ones described here.

5. d. 6. c.

12. What was t he aut hor’ s main purpose i n writ ing t he art icle? 7. a.

a. To inf orm you how speci al kinds of glass are made and used 8. b.

9. d.

b. To persuade you t o invest igat e t he many uses of gl ass beyond t hose 10. c. ment ioned i n t he art icle 11. a.

c. To inf orm you about t he st rengt h of glass f ibers 12. a.

d. To inf orm you t hat gl ue is used t o hold st rands of glass t oget her 13. a.

14. c.

13. The word special i n t he second paragraph is closet s in meaning t o: 15. a.

a. Dist inct among ot hers of a kind

c. Common 16. a.

b. Addit ional d. Speci es 17. d.

18. c. 19. c.

14. Glass f ibers are made by f orcing molt en glass t hrough: 20. b.

a. Spinners

b. Spideret s

c. Spi nneret s d. Spinet s 21. d.

22. a.

15. The word changing i n t he second paragraph coul d best be replaced by t he word: 23. b.

a. Alt ering b. Bori ng

c. Bringing

d. Doing 24. a.

25. c.

16. What are glass f ibers woven int o clot h f or? 26. c.

a. Draperies

b. Cars and boat s

c. Glasses

d. Gl ue 27. d.

28. a. 29. a.

17. The word f ed in t he f ourt h paragraph means: 30. a.

a. To give f ood t o

b. To minist er t o

c. To support

d. To supply 31. d.

32. a.

18. The word t hey i n t he second sent ence of t he f irst paragraph ref ers t o: 33. b.

a. Human hair

b. Weight

c. Glass f ibers

d. Yarn 34. b.

35. a.

19. The word it in t he f ourt h paragraph ref ers t o: 36. a.

a. Molt en glass

b. Glass wool

c. Spi nni ng drum d. Holes 37. b.

38. a. 39. c.

20. The f ollowing sent ence woul d best complet e which paragraph? “ This 40. a. improvement in t echnology is expect ed t o cont inue. ” 41. d.

a. Paragraph 1

b. Paragraph 2

c. Paragraph 3

d. Paragraph 4 42. b.

43. b.

21. A signal of what can be made t o t ravel along f iber f or very long dist ances? 44. b.

a. Heat

b. Wave

c. Wool

d. Light 45. a.

22. The word spray in t he f ourt h paragraph coul d best be replaced by t he word:

a. Shower

b. Blow

c. Spit

d. Force

43. What is t he mi nimum number of lenses in mult i pl e-el ement l ens?

a. Nine b. Two c. Ninet y-t wo d. Twent y-nine For cent uries, people have searched f or a way t o replace dead and decaying t eet h wit h comf ort able f alse t eet h. Many mat erials have been used t o make a set of f alse

44. The word f uzzy in t he f ourt h paragraph means: t eet h.

a. Clear

b. Unclear c. Exact

d. Precise The t eet h t hemselves shoul d be made f rom a hard and durabl e mat erial . They shoul d be secured t o a sof t mat erial , making t hem easy t o wear. In t he last t wo

45. The word admit t ed i n t he sixt h paragraph is closest in meaning t o: decades, dent ist s succeeded in making durable f alse t eet h t hat are comf ort able,

a. To permit t o ent er t oo.

b. To have room f or; accommodat e Two t housand years ago, t he Et ruscans made t eet h out of animal bone and gold.

c. To grant t o be real , vali d, or t rue; acknowl edge These mat erials were used-wit h varying degrees of success-up t o t he 1700’ s. When

d. To make acknowledgment George Washingt on was president , ivory f rom animal s such as el ephant s became a popular mat erial f or f alse t eet h. Doct ors and i nvent ors also t ried silver, peal , and agat e, but t eet h made f rom t hese mat erials were very expensive. Perhaps t he most successf ul mat erial was porcelain, i nvent ed by a Frenchman about t wo hundred years ago. Whit e, st rong, and resist ant t o decay, porcelain is st ill used t oday f or making single t eet h.

Besides f inding a mat erial f or t he t eet h, invent ors al so had t o f ind a way t o secure t hem i n a person’ s mout h. People t ried wire, springs, and many ki nds of gl ue t o accomplish t his. In most cases, however, discomf ort and a likelihood of t he t eet h f alling out plagued t he person who wore t hem. Around 1844, an American dent ist named Horace Wel ls used laughing gas t o put people t o sleep bef ore working on t heir t eet h. This innovat ion made dent al work a lot l ess painf ul . Soon af t er, an invent or creat ed t he f irst f orm of rubber. This was import ant t o dent ist ry because t eet h could be at t ached t o t he rubber, and t he rubber could be mol ded t o f it t he shape of t he mout h. Wit h t hese t wo development s, dent ist coul d work wit hout causing pain and could f it t eet h more caref ully. False t eet h have become more available and comf ort abl e since t hen, and dent ist s have cont inued t o improve t he making and use of f alse t eet h.

23. What is t he mai n t opic of t his passage?

a. Horace Wells

b. False t eet h

c. Gold and bone

d. The Et ruscans

24. The word t hey i n t he f irst paragraph ref ers t o:

a. Teet h

b. Mat erials

c. People

d. Dent ist s

25. The word varyi ng in t he second paragraph col d best be replaced by t he word:

a. Const ant

b. Changeless c. Fl uct uat ing

d. St abl e

26. Porcelain was invent ed af t er t he f irst use of :

a. Rubber f or hol ding f or holding t eet h in place

b. Laughing gas

c. Ivory f or making t eet h

d. El ect ric dri lls

27. When did Horace Wells begin using laughing gas?

a. 1700

b. Two-t housand years ago

c. 1834

d. 1844

28. The word besides i n t he t hi rd paragraph means:

39. The word it in t he f ourt h paragraph ref ers t o:

d. Proper

36. In what ways does an image suf f er if t oo large an area of t he spherical l ens is used? a. The edges of t he image become f uzzy

c. Too lit t le light is admit t ed

b. Too much light is admit t ed

d. Colors change

37. What is t he main disadvant age of a simple lens t hat is made sharp by using j ust t he cent er? a. Wit h less light -gat hering power, t he lens is ut t erly usel ess.

b. Wit h l ess light -gat hering power, t he lens is usef ul only i n bright light .

c. Wit h more light -gat hering power, t he l ens is usef ul only in dim light .

d. Wit h more light -gat heri ng power, t he lens is ut t erl y useless.

38. The word sharpest i n t he t hird paragraph is closest in meaning t o:

a. Having clear f orm and det ail

b. Terminat ing in an edge or a point

c. Int ell ect ual ly penet rat ing; ast ut e

d. Having a t hin edge or a f ine point suit abl e f or or capable of cut t ing or pierci ng

a. Glass l ens

c. Purif ied, as one

41. The word abi lit y in t he sixt h paragraph coul d best be replaced by t he word:

c. The st at e of being dissolved

42. The meani ng of t he word solut ion as used in t he f if t h paragraph is closest in meaning t o: a. A homogeneous mixt ure of t wo or more subst ances, which may be solids, liqui ds, gases, or a combinat ion of t hese b. The answer t o or disposit ion of a probl em

d. Capacit y

c. Inept ness

b. Weakness

a. Ignorance

d. Psychic

b. Prism

c. React ive

b. Irrit able

a. Delicat e

40. The word sensit ive in t he second paragraph coul d best be replaced by t he word:

d. Flat f i lm

c. Simple l ens

b. Clean and i n shape

a. Out of a proper or nat ural relat ion

a. In addit ion t o

d. Wire

31. The f ollowing sent ence would best compl et e which paragraph? “ It is unimaginable what wil l come next . ” a. Paragraph 1

d. While t he Et ruscans were making t eet h of bone and gold

c. Bef ore a Frenchman i nvent ed porcelain

b. While George Washingt on was president

a. Af t er laughing gas was used t o put pat ient s t o sleep

30. When was rubber f ound t o be a usef ul mat erial f or f al se t eet h?

c. People

c. Paragraph 3

b. Invent ors

a. Teet h

29. The word t hem i n t he t hird paragraph ref ers t o:

d. Toget her

c. Anyway

b. St and next t o

b. Paragraph 2

d. Paragraph 4

35. The word dist ort ed i n t he f ourt h paragraph means:

c. Heart y

d. Chemicals

c. Film

b. Lens

a. Camera

34. The word it in t he f irst paragraph ref ers t o:

d. Sassy The l ens on a camera has only t wo t asks. First , it must gat her i n as much light as possible in order t o act ivat e t he sensit ive chemical s on t he f i lm. Second, it must organize t he light rays so t hat t hey f orm a sharp image on t he f il m. These may sound like simple t asks, but t hey are not . One of t he sharpest lenses is merely a pi nhol e in a sheet of cardboard, met al, plast ic, or a similar mat erial. If t he pinhole is t iny enough, t he image can be quit e sharp, but t hen very lit t l e light is admi t t ed. For most purposes, even t he most sensit ive f ilm would t ake t oo long t o record an image. A glass lens is much bet t er because it l et s in much more light and f ocuses it on t he f ilm. Yet simple glass lenses are sharpest only in t heir cent ers. As more of t he lens is used, t he image suf f ers in sharpness. One reason a simple lens can cause problems is t hat it is shaped like a sect ion of a sphere. Spherical lenses do not f ocus perf ect ly on f l at f ilm, so t he image is slight ly dist ort ed, especially at t he edges. Anot her reason is t hat t he l ens can act part ly like a prism. This means t hat some of t he colors in t he image will not f ocus properly, and t he image wil l be f uzzy. One sol ut ion is t o block of f all but t he sharp-f ocusing cent er of t he lens. If you block of f t he edges of t he lens, however, l ess light will get t o t he f ilm. Early l enses had t o compromise bet ween sharpness and light -gat heri ng power. Very sharp lenses t hat admit as much light as possible can be built by making t hem wit h several separat e l enses, or element s. A mult ipl e-el ement l ens has f rom t wo t o nine separat e l enses. Some el ement s are cement ed t oget her, and some have a gap bet ween t hem. Furt hermore, t he element s are of t en made of dif f erent kinds of glass, each wit h a dif f erent abilit y t o bend light rays. Some of t he element s are t here j ust f or correct ing problems caused by t he ot her element s! The result s are wort h it , t hough: pict ures can be t aken in many dif f erent light condit ions, and t hey have a sharpness you can almost f eel.

b. Insuscept ible

32. The word molded in t he f ourt h paragraph means:

a. Prone

33. The word resist ant in t he second paragraph coul d best be replaced by t he word:

d. The f it t ing of a shoe

b. To f orm an organic growt h

c. To make an ornament

a. Formed int o a shape

d. Release; deliverance; di scharge

LATIHAN SOAL TOEFL e-book ver 1.0