ANXIETY OF ENNIS DEL MAR REFLECTED IN ANG LEE’S BROKEBACK MOUNTAIN: ANXIETY OF ENNIS DEL MAR REFLECTED IN ANG LEE’S BROKEBACK MOUNTAIN: A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH.
ANXIETY OF ENNIS DEL MAR REFLECTED IN ANG LEE’S
BROKEBACK MOUNTAIN:
A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Getting
Bachelor Degree of Education in English Departme nt
by
Bayu Novita Sari
A 320 030 148
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2007
i
APPROVAL
ANXIETY OF ENNIS DEL MAR REFLECTED IN ANG LEE’S
BROKEBACK MOUNTAIN:
A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
by
Bayu Novita Sari
A 320 030 148
Approved to be examined by consultants
Consultant I
Consultant II
Drs. Abdillah Nugroho, M. Hum.
Titis Setyabudi, S. Si
ii
ACCEPTANCE
ANXIETY OF ENNIS DEL MAR REFLECTED IN ANG LEE’S
BROKEBACK MOUNTAIN:
A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
Written by:
Bayu Novita Sari
A 320 030 148
Accepted and Approved by the Board of Examiners
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
The Board of Examiners
1. Drs. Abdillah Nugroho, M. Hum.
(....................................)
(Chair Person)
2. Titis Setyabudi, S. Si
(....................................)
(Member I)
3. Drs. M. Thoyibi, MS.
(` ..................................)
(Member II)
Surakarta, November 2007
Dean,
Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M. Si
iii
MOTTO
J angan per nah menyer ah,
J angan,
J angan,
J angan.
(The wr it er )
Besi yang t er baik har us dit empa dengan panas yang luar biasa.
(Richar d M. Nixon)
Bila kau dihadapkan pada t ugas yang menur ut mu ber at dan diluar
kemampuanmu, j anganlah membuat nya menj adi smakin sulit dengan t idak
mnger j akan. MULAI LAH PEKERJ AAN I TU…!
(The wr it er )
Ber hent ilah menj adi gelas, j adilah t elaga.
(The wr it er )
Bat u- bat u kecil bisa menj adi gunung
Langkah- langkah kecil bisa menyusur i ber mil- mil
Per buat an kecil dengan penuh kasih
Membuat dunia t er senyum lebar .
(The wr it er )
iv
DEDICATION
From the bottom of my heart, I would like to dedicate this research paper to:
Allah SW T who always watches, saves, and helps me in every single day of my life
“I believe, You will never leave me alone”
M y dearest mother and father who have done the best of the best thing in the world
M y lovely sisters who always give me love and attention more than anyone give love
“Both of you are the best sisters in the world”
M y unpredictable person who Allah will send to me
“I believe you will come to me on the right time and right place”
M y friends who show me how make a decision and face this life through smile and tears
v
TESTIMONY
Herewith, I testify that in this research paper, there is no plagiarism of the previous
literary work which has been raised to obtain bachelor degree of a university, not there
are opinions of master piece which have been written or published by others, except these
which the writing are referred in the manuscript and mentioned in literary review and
bibliography.
Hence, later, if it is proven that there are some untrue statements in this testimony, I
will hold fully responsible.
Surakarta,
November 2007
Bayu Novita Sari
A. 320 030 148
vi
SUMMARY
Bayu Novita Sari. A320030148.” ANXIETY OF ENNIS DEL MAR REFLECTED IN
ANG LEE’S BROKEBACK MOUNTAIN: A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH”,
Muhammadiyah Universiti of Surakarta. Research Paper: 2007.
The major problem of this study is how anxiety reflected on the major character
personality. The objectives of this study are to analyze the movie based on the structural
element and to analyze anxiety on Ang Lee’s Brokeback Mountain based on
psychoanalytic analysis.
This study is a literary study, which can be categorized into a descriptive qualitative
study. The object of this study is Brokeback Mountain a movie by Ang Lee. The data
sources are primary and secondary data sources. The primary data sources is the movie
itself, Brokeback Mountain, and the secondary data sources are related to the primary
data that support the analysis such as some books of psychology and website related to
the research. The method used for collecting data is library research and documentation.
The technique of data analysis is descriptive qualitative analysis.
Based on the analysis, the writer concludes that, 1) the problem faced by the major
character is his struggle to reach his true love and keep the secret of that love, because it
is forbidden love. It causes him lived with anxiety, because he always tries to hide his
true identity. 2) The superego dominates more Ennis’s personality than his id in taking
decision. So that he fells more anxious of social punishment, because his decision always
considers moral and social norms.
Consultant I
Consultant II
Drs. Abdillah Nugroho, M. Hum.
Titis Setyabudi, S. Si
Dean,
Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M. Si
vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb
Glory to Allah SWT Almighty the Lord of the universe. I am so grateful with him
for giving me the chance to finish this thesis and give me opportunity to still breathe and
continue my life until now. I believe that he has secret for all that things that happen to
me. I wish I would have much time to reveal it and have an ability to serve my best
subservience in this path.
In this opportunity, I would like to express my gratitude to all parties that help me
finish this research.
1. Drs. H. Abdillah N, M.Hum as my first consultant who has guided and advised
me to finish this research paper from the beginning up to the completion of it.
2. Titis Setyabudi, S. Si as my second consultant who has corrected and criticized
my research paper for better result.
3. Koesoema Ratih, Spd,M.Hum as the Head of English Department
4. Drs. Sofyan Anif, M.Si as the Dean of School of Teacher Training and
Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
5. All the lectures of who have shared and given their knowledge.
6. My Beloved father, ayah Ir. Soemardi “thanks for the support ya yah…” and
beloved mom ibu Sugiharti S. Pd “buk..you’re the best of the best mother in
the world, thanks for your love, patience, tears, sacrifice, prays, and smile for
me. Love ya…”.
7. My Beloved first sister Mbak Mey S.T who gives love and attention more than
any sisters and her someone special Maz Kholik A. Md “maz…jagain mbak
Mey ya…, and thanks for any info”
8. My beloved second sister Mbak Yulia S. T and her husband Maz An& S. T “I
fell so sad and lost when both of you’re left home, but I believe it is for the
good thing. Love & miss u sooo much”.
viii
9. My sweet heart Adi for the love, patience, and support “Adi Kemin
endyut…never give up ya…always think positively. Thanks very much for four
years waiting for me and four months fully loving me, like what u always says
‘something special needs much times an effort to get that’. Let’s make our
dream comes true”.
10. My new family Mami Adi and De’ Astri for the delicious food, confidential,
funny story, and lovely house.
11. My nephew Dian “Let’s finish your research paper, don’t be lazy. Believe me,
you’ll find your girl soon”
12. My lovely MP2 Bawah crew, De’ Nina, De’ Ita, De’ Myun, De’ Nita, De’
Lia. De’ Nina; my beautiful, endyut, encix, sexy, and mentel roommate
“thanks ya de’ bwt malam2 sibuk kita berdua ngerjain tugas smp pgi, bwt ga
prnh brantemnya (walopn bnyk orag memprediksikan lain) he…”. De’ Ita,
thanks for the printer in urgent situation, De’ Myun, thanks for the cool drink,
Mie ABC selera pedas, tv, and baby dynomite game. De’ Nita, thanks for the
radio, tv, and cookies. De’ Lia, thanks for the books and Symantec up date-nya.
Thank soooo much for all of u for the help, love, patience, support, critic and
advice. “I love u all…”.
13. My lovely friends Kyit2 and Fatty Grabs . We have shared, walked, laughed,
cried, and struggled together for this, hard year that fully of ‘surprises’. So, lets
we proved! “Thank s girls for everything. I love u sooo…”
14. My marvelous friends Anis “Kenyuz”, Dockiq “chocho chip”, Fatty grabs,
Idhun, , mami Vica , Menyenk, Nya, Ticka “Bona”. “All of you are my
lovely, unbelievable, marvelous, and also unpredictable friends. I love u all
girls…good luck for the next chapter”
15. My sisters in arms Anis Kristanti for the unexpected help and support “Thanks
God I met u nis. ”
16. Those who cannot be mentioned one by one.
ix
Finally I realize that this research paper still far away from perfect. Therefore the
constructive criticism and suggestion will be expected to improve the quality of this
research paper. I really wish that this paper would help the other researchers who are
interested in studying the Ang Lee’s Brokeback Mountain and enrich the reader’s
knowledge about psychoanalytic approach.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb
November, 2007
Bayu Novita Sari
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE ............................................................................................................................... i
APPROVAL .................................................................................................................... ii
ACCEPTANCE.............................................................................................................. iii
MOTTO ......................................................................................................................... iv
DEDICATION................................................................................................................. v
TESTIMONY................................................................................................................. vi
SUMMARY................................................................................................................... vii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ............................................................................................. viii
TABLE OF CONTENT................................................................................................. xi
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study .................................................................... 1
B. Literature Review............................................................................... 5
C. Problem Statement ............................................................................. 5
D. Limitation of the Study ..................................................................... 5
E. Objective of the Study ....................................................................... 6
F. Benefit of the Study ........................................................................... 6
G. Research Method ............................................................................... 6
H. Research Paper Organization ........................................................... 8
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY................................................................... 9
A. Notion of Psychoanalysis ................................................................... 9
B. System of Psychoanalysis ................................................................ 10
1. Id ................................................................................................... 10
2. Ego ................................................................................................ 11
3. Superego........................................................................................ 12
C. Anxiety .............................................................................................. 13
1. Realistic Anxiety .......................................................................... 15
2. Neurotic Anxiety ......................................................................... 15
3. Moral Anxiety............................................................................... 15
xi
D. Structural Elements of the Movie ................................................... 16
1. Character and characterization ................................................. 16
2. Setting ........................................................................................... 16
3. Point of View ................................................................................ 17
4. Theme ........................................................................................... 18
5. Plot................................................................................................. 18
6. Casting ........................................................................................... 19
7. Mise en scene ................................................................................ 19
8. Cinematography .......................................................................... 23
9. Editing ........................................................................................... 24
10.
Sound....................................................................................... 25
E. Application ........................................................................................ 25
CHAPTER III: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ........................................................... 26
A. Structural Analysis of Ang Lee’s Brokeback Mountain ................ 23
1. Character and Characterization................................................. 23
2. Setting ............................................................................................ 36
3. Plot................................................................................................ 40
4. Point of View ................................................................................ 45
5. Theme ........................................................................................... 46
6. Casting ........................................................................................... 47
7. Mise en scene ............................................................................... 48
8. Cinematography ........................................................................... 58
9. Editing ........................................................................................... 59
10. Sound......................................................................................... 60
B. Discussion .......................................................................................... 61
CHAPTER 1V: PSYCHOANALYTIC ANALYSIS................................................. 65
A. Analysis of Ennis Del Mar Personality .......................................... 65
1. Id ................................................................................................... 65
2. Superego ....................................................................................... 69
3. Ego................................................................................................ 73
xii
B. Enniss’s Anxiety................................................................................ 77
1. Realistic Anxiety........................................................................... 77
2. Neurotic Anxiety .......................................................................... 78
3. Moral Anxiety............................................................................... 80
C. Discussion ......................................................................................... 81
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION .............................................. 82
A. Conclusion ........................................................................................ 84
B. Suggestion......................................................................................... 85
BIBLIOGRAPHY
VIRTUAL REFERENCE
APPENDIX
xiii
BROKEBACK MOUNTAIN:
A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Getting
Bachelor Degree of Education in English Departme nt
by
Bayu Novita Sari
A 320 030 148
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2007
i
APPROVAL
ANXIETY OF ENNIS DEL MAR REFLECTED IN ANG LEE’S
BROKEBACK MOUNTAIN:
A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
by
Bayu Novita Sari
A 320 030 148
Approved to be examined by consultants
Consultant I
Consultant II
Drs. Abdillah Nugroho, M. Hum.
Titis Setyabudi, S. Si
ii
ACCEPTANCE
ANXIETY OF ENNIS DEL MAR REFLECTED IN ANG LEE’S
BROKEBACK MOUNTAIN:
A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
Written by:
Bayu Novita Sari
A 320 030 148
Accepted and Approved by the Board of Examiners
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
The Board of Examiners
1. Drs. Abdillah Nugroho, M. Hum.
(....................................)
(Chair Person)
2. Titis Setyabudi, S. Si
(....................................)
(Member I)
3. Drs. M. Thoyibi, MS.
(` ..................................)
(Member II)
Surakarta, November 2007
Dean,
Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M. Si
iii
MOTTO
J angan per nah menyer ah,
J angan,
J angan,
J angan.
(The wr it er )
Besi yang t er baik har us dit empa dengan panas yang luar biasa.
(Richar d M. Nixon)
Bila kau dihadapkan pada t ugas yang menur ut mu ber at dan diluar
kemampuanmu, j anganlah membuat nya menj adi smakin sulit dengan t idak
mnger j akan. MULAI LAH PEKERJ AAN I TU…!
(The wr it er )
Ber hent ilah menj adi gelas, j adilah t elaga.
(The wr it er )
Bat u- bat u kecil bisa menj adi gunung
Langkah- langkah kecil bisa menyusur i ber mil- mil
Per buat an kecil dengan penuh kasih
Membuat dunia t er senyum lebar .
(The wr it er )
iv
DEDICATION
From the bottom of my heart, I would like to dedicate this research paper to:
Allah SW T who always watches, saves, and helps me in every single day of my life
“I believe, You will never leave me alone”
M y dearest mother and father who have done the best of the best thing in the world
M y lovely sisters who always give me love and attention more than anyone give love
“Both of you are the best sisters in the world”
M y unpredictable person who Allah will send to me
“I believe you will come to me on the right time and right place”
M y friends who show me how make a decision and face this life through smile and tears
v
TESTIMONY
Herewith, I testify that in this research paper, there is no plagiarism of the previous
literary work which has been raised to obtain bachelor degree of a university, not there
are opinions of master piece which have been written or published by others, except these
which the writing are referred in the manuscript and mentioned in literary review and
bibliography.
Hence, later, if it is proven that there are some untrue statements in this testimony, I
will hold fully responsible.
Surakarta,
November 2007
Bayu Novita Sari
A. 320 030 148
vi
SUMMARY
Bayu Novita Sari. A320030148.” ANXIETY OF ENNIS DEL MAR REFLECTED IN
ANG LEE’S BROKEBACK MOUNTAIN: A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH”,
Muhammadiyah Universiti of Surakarta. Research Paper: 2007.
The major problem of this study is how anxiety reflected on the major character
personality. The objectives of this study are to analyze the movie based on the structural
element and to analyze anxiety on Ang Lee’s Brokeback Mountain based on
psychoanalytic analysis.
This study is a literary study, which can be categorized into a descriptive qualitative
study. The object of this study is Brokeback Mountain a movie by Ang Lee. The data
sources are primary and secondary data sources. The primary data sources is the movie
itself, Brokeback Mountain, and the secondary data sources are related to the primary
data that support the analysis such as some books of psychology and website related to
the research. The method used for collecting data is library research and documentation.
The technique of data analysis is descriptive qualitative analysis.
Based on the analysis, the writer concludes that, 1) the problem faced by the major
character is his struggle to reach his true love and keep the secret of that love, because it
is forbidden love. It causes him lived with anxiety, because he always tries to hide his
true identity. 2) The superego dominates more Ennis’s personality than his id in taking
decision. So that he fells more anxious of social punishment, because his decision always
considers moral and social norms.
Consultant I
Consultant II
Drs. Abdillah Nugroho, M. Hum.
Titis Setyabudi, S. Si
Dean,
Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M. Si
vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb
Glory to Allah SWT Almighty the Lord of the universe. I am so grateful with him
for giving me the chance to finish this thesis and give me opportunity to still breathe and
continue my life until now. I believe that he has secret for all that things that happen to
me. I wish I would have much time to reveal it and have an ability to serve my best
subservience in this path.
In this opportunity, I would like to express my gratitude to all parties that help me
finish this research.
1. Drs. H. Abdillah N, M.Hum as my first consultant who has guided and advised
me to finish this research paper from the beginning up to the completion of it.
2. Titis Setyabudi, S. Si as my second consultant who has corrected and criticized
my research paper for better result.
3. Koesoema Ratih, Spd,M.Hum as the Head of English Department
4. Drs. Sofyan Anif, M.Si as the Dean of School of Teacher Training and
Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
5. All the lectures of who have shared and given their knowledge.
6. My Beloved father, ayah Ir. Soemardi “thanks for the support ya yah…” and
beloved mom ibu Sugiharti S. Pd “buk..you’re the best of the best mother in
the world, thanks for your love, patience, tears, sacrifice, prays, and smile for
me. Love ya…”.
7. My Beloved first sister Mbak Mey S.T who gives love and attention more than
any sisters and her someone special Maz Kholik A. Md “maz…jagain mbak
Mey ya…, and thanks for any info”
8. My beloved second sister Mbak Yulia S. T and her husband Maz An& S. T “I
fell so sad and lost when both of you’re left home, but I believe it is for the
good thing. Love & miss u sooo much”.
viii
9. My sweet heart Adi for the love, patience, and support “Adi Kemin
endyut…never give up ya…always think positively. Thanks very much for four
years waiting for me and four months fully loving me, like what u always says
‘something special needs much times an effort to get that’. Let’s make our
dream comes true”.
10. My new family Mami Adi and De’ Astri for the delicious food, confidential,
funny story, and lovely house.
11. My nephew Dian “Let’s finish your research paper, don’t be lazy. Believe me,
you’ll find your girl soon”
12. My lovely MP2 Bawah crew, De’ Nina, De’ Ita, De’ Myun, De’ Nita, De’
Lia. De’ Nina; my beautiful, endyut, encix, sexy, and mentel roommate
“thanks ya de’ bwt malam2 sibuk kita berdua ngerjain tugas smp pgi, bwt ga
prnh brantemnya (walopn bnyk orag memprediksikan lain) he…”. De’ Ita,
thanks for the printer in urgent situation, De’ Myun, thanks for the cool drink,
Mie ABC selera pedas, tv, and baby dynomite game. De’ Nita, thanks for the
radio, tv, and cookies. De’ Lia, thanks for the books and Symantec up date-nya.
Thank soooo much for all of u for the help, love, patience, support, critic and
advice. “I love u all…”.
13. My lovely friends Kyit2 and Fatty Grabs . We have shared, walked, laughed,
cried, and struggled together for this, hard year that fully of ‘surprises’. So, lets
we proved! “Thank s girls for everything. I love u sooo…”
14. My marvelous friends Anis “Kenyuz”, Dockiq “chocho chip”, Fatty grabs,
Idhun, , mami Vica , Menyenk, Nya, Ticka “Bona”. “All of you are my
lovely, unbelievable, marvelous, and also unpredictable friends. I love u all
girls…good luck for the next chapter”
15. My sisters in arms Anis Kristanti for the unexpected help and support “Thanks
God I met u nis. ”
16. Those who cannot be mentioned one by one.
ix
Finally I realize that this research paper still far away from perfect. Therefore the
constructive criticism and suggestion will be expected to improve the quality of this
research paper. I really wish that this paper would help the other researchers who are
interested in studying the Ang Lee’s Brokeback Mountain and enrich the reader’s
knowledge about psychoanalytic approach.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb
November, 2007
Bayu Novita Sari
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE ............................................................................................................................... i
APPROVAL .................................................................................................................... ii
ACCEPTANCE.............................................................................................................. iii
MOTTO ......................................................................................................................... iv
DEDICATION................................................................................................................. v
TESTIMONY................................................................................................................. vi
SUMMARY................................................................................................................... vii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ............................................................................................. viii
TABLE OF CONTENT................................................................................................. xi
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study .................................................................... 1
B. Literature Review............................................................................... 5
C. Problem Statement ............................................................................. 5
D. Limitation of the Study ..................................................................... 5
E. Objective of the Study ....................................................................... 6
F. Benefit of the Study ........................................................................... 6
G. Research Method ............................................................................... 6
H. Research Paper Organization ........................................................... 8
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY................................................................... 9
A. Notion of Psychoanalysis ................................................................... 9
B. System of Psychoanalysis ................................................................ 10
1. Id ................................................................................................... 10
2. Ego ................................................................................................ 11
3. Superego........................................................................................ 12
C. Anxiety .............................................................................................. 13
1. Realistic Anxiety .......................................................................... 15
2. Neurotic Anxiety ......................................................................... 15
3. Moral Anxiety............................................................................... 15
xi
D. Structural Elements of the Movie ................................................... 16
1. Character and characterization ................................................. 16
2. Setting ........................................................................................... 16
3. Point of View ................................................................................ 17
4. Theme ........................................................................................... 18
5. Plot................................................................................................. 18
6. Casting ........................................................................................... 19
7. Mise en scene ................................................................................ 19
8. Cinematography .......................................................................... 23
9. Editing ........................................................................................... 24
10.
Sound....................................................................................... 25
E. Application ........................................................................................ 25
CHAPTER III: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ........................................................... 26
A. Structural Analysis of Ang Lee’s Brokeback Mountain ................ 23
1. Character and Characterization................................................. 23
2. Setting ............................................................................................ 36
3. Plot................................................................................................ 40
4. Point of View ................................................................................ 45
5. Theme ........................................................................................... 46
6. Casting ........................................................................................... 47
7. Mise en scene ............................................................................... 48
8. Cinematography ........................................................................... 58
9. Editing ........................................................................................... 59
10. Sound......................................................................................... 60
B. Discussion .......................................................................................... 61
CHAPTER 1V: PSYCHOANALYTIC ANALYSIS................................................. 65
A. Analysis of Ennis Del Mar Personality .......................................... 65
1. Id ................................................................................................... 65
2. Superego ....................................................................................... 69
3. Ego................................................................................................ 73
xii
B. Enniss’s Anxiety................................................................................ 77
1. Realistic Anxiety........................................................................... 77
2. Neurotic Anxiety .......................................................................... 78
3. Moral Anxiety............................................................................... 80
C. Discussion ......................................................................................... 81
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION .............................................. 82
A. Conclusion ........................................................................................ 84
B. Suggestion......................................................................................... 85
BIBLIOGRAPHY
VIRTUAL REFERENCE
APPENDIX
xiii