AGAINST RELIGIOUS SLAVERY AND OPPRESION IN AGAINST RELIGIOUS SLAVERY AND OPPRESION IN RIDLEY SCOTT’S KINGDOM OF HEAVEN MOVIE (2005): A MARXIST APPROACH.
AGAINST RELIGIOUS SLAVERY AND OPPRESION
IN RIDLEY SCOTT’S KINGDOM OF HEAVEN MOVIE (2005):
A MARXIST APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Getting
Bachelor Degree of Education in English Department
By:
DANANG PRIMAYOGI
A 320 060 107
SCHOOL TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2011
APPROVAL
AGAINTS RELIGIOUS SLAVERY AND OPPRESSION
IN RIDLEY SCOTT’S KINGDOM OF HEAVEN MOVIE (2005):
A MARXIST APPROACH
by:
Danang Primayogi
A 320 060 107
Approved by Consultants
Consultant I
Consultant II
(Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M. Ed.)
ii
(Dra. Siti Khuzaimah.)
ACCEPTANCE
AGAINST RELIGIOUS SLAVERY AND OPPRESION IN RIDLEY SCOTT’S
KINGDOM OF HEAVEN MOVIE (2005):
A MARXIST APPROACH
Accepted by the Board Examiners
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
On March, 2011
The Board of Examiners:
1. Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M. Ed.
(
)
(
)
(
)
(Chairperson)
2. Dra. Siti Khuzaimah.
(Member I)
3. Drs. H. Abdillah nugroho, M.Hum.
(Member II)
School of Teacher Training Education
Dean,
Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M.Si.
NIK. 547
iii
TESTIMONY
In this occasion, the writer states that there is no work that had been
submitted to any degree in any University in this research paper and as far as the
writer concerns there is no work or opinion that had been written or published by
someone else except the written references which are referred in this paper and
mentioned in the bibliography.
If only there will be any incorrectness proven in the future in the writer’s
statement above, the writer will be fully responsible for that.
Surakarta, March, 2011
Danang Primayogi
iv
MOTTO
Semua perbuatan tergantung pada niatnya
(Hadist)
I can’t do everything perfectly, but I always struggle to
do everything correctly and seriously
(The writer)
Do now, you get win and do tomorrow, you will get lost
(The writer)
Be your self, be confident!
(The writer)
v
DEDICATION
Allah SWT and Muhammad SAW
My beloved Parents
My loyal soul mate
My Brother
My Sister
My friends in Solo
My friends in Pemalang
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Alhamdulillahirobbil’alamin, praise and gratitude for Allah SWT, the
Glorious, the Lord, and the All Mighty, who has given opportunity and bless for the
researcher to finish the research paper entitled “Against The Religious Slavery and
Oppression in Ridley Scott’s Kingdom of Heaven Movie (2005): A Marxist
Approach”. Greetings and invocation are presented to the Prophet Muhammad
SAW, who has guided mankind to the right path blessed by the Lord.
The writer would like to express his sincere gratitude for all of people who
give contribution to make this research paper better. Without their contribution the
writer is likely impossible to finish it. Therefore, in this opportunity he would like to
express his special and deepest gratitude and appreciation to:
1. Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M. Si. as the Dean of the School of Teacher Training and
Education.
2. Titis Setyabudi, SS. as the Chief of English Department in Muhammadiyah
University of Surakarta.
3. Dra. Dwi Haryanti, M.Hum. as the writer’s Academic Consultant of Teacher
Training and Eduacation.
4. Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, S.Pd. M. Ed. as the First Consultant, for the
greatest guidance, attention, and motivation from the beginning up to the
completing of the research paper.
vii
5. Dra. Siti Khuzaimah as the Second Consultant who has improved the writing
of research in order to make this research paper more interesting to read in
correct sentences.
6. All the lectures of English Department, for knowledges and lecturing.
7. His Beloved parents, his father and his mother who always loves, supports,
gives attention, and prays
8. His Older sister Dian Purwitasari in Pekalongan who always supports, gives
attention, and prays
9. His Twin brother Danang Pramayoga in Papua who always supports and prays.
10. His loyal soul mate, Dina who always loves, supports, accompanies, gives
spirit, and advices the writer. DINDA 152006, “ Never Ending Love”
11. His best friends,at “Lupa-Lupa Ingat House”, for togetherness, jokes
and
happiness.
12. His best friends, campus brothers; Kepet, Widi, Ucil,Wawan,Irawnsah and
Samsudin who always support, accompanies, and spend bad and good time
together.
13. Mr. Irwansah for helping in process of writing this research paper.
14. The C class of English Department 2006 and all of English community.
15. The E class of Pharmacy Department 2005 and all of Pharmacy community.
16. “Prambanan Undercover” drama performance, and
17. All the people who cannot be mentioned one by one for every helping hand they
give in realizing this research paper.
viii
Finally, the writer realizes that this research paper is still far from being
perfect and still needs many improvements. However, the writer hopes this research
paper will be useful for prospective readers.
Surakarta, March, 2011
Danang Primayogi
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT
Page
PAGE OF TITLE .............................................................................................
i
APPROVAL.....................................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE ...............................................................................................
iii
TESTIMONY...................................................................................................
iv
MOTTO ...........................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION .................................................................................................
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ..................................................................................
vii
TABLE OF CONTENT ...................................................................................
x
SUMMARY .....................................................................................................
xv
CHAPTER I
CHAPTER II
INTRODUCTION ...............................................................
1
A. Background of Study ....................................................
1
B. Literature Review .........................................................
7
C. Problem Statement ........................................................
7
D. Limitation of Study .......................................................
8
E. Objective of Study ........................................................
8
F. Benefit of Study ............................................................
8
G. Research Method ..........................................................
8
H. Research Organization ..................................................
10
UNDERLYING THEORY ..................................................
11
A. Notion of Marxism .......................................................
11
B. The major Principles of Marxist Theory ......................
13
1. Dialectical Materialism ..........................................
13
2. Historical materialism ............................................
14
3. Alienation...............................................................
16
4. Class Struggle ........................................................
17
x
5. Revolution ..............................................................
18
C. Structural Elements of the Movie .................................
18
1.
CHAPTER III
CHAPTER IV
Narrative Elements ...............................................
19
a. Character and Characterization ........................
19
b. Casting ..............................................................
21
c. Plot ...................................................................
21
d. Setting...............................................................
22
e. Point of View ...................................................
24
f. Theme...............................................................
24
2. Technical Elements ................................................
25
a. Mise-en-Scene ..................................................
25
b. Cinematography ...............................................
28
c. Sound ................................................................
33
d. Editing ..............................................................
34
D. Theoretical Application ................................................
35
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF AMERICAN SOCIETY
AT THE TURN OF TWENTY FIRST CENTURY............
36
A. Social Aspect ................................................................
36
B. Economic Aspect ..........................................................
41
C. Political Aspect .............................................................
45
D. Cultural Aspect .............................................................
48
E. Science and Technology Aspect ...................................
52
F. Religious Aspect ...........................................................
55
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE MOVIE .................
58
A. Narrative Elements ........................................................
58
1. Character and Characterization .....................
58
2. Casting .........................................................
68
3. Plot ...............................................................
68
4. Setting ..........................................................
72
xi
5. Point of View ...............................................
77
6. Theme...........................................................
77
B. Technical Elements ........................................................
77
1. Mise-en-Scene ..............................................
77
2. Cinematography ...........................................
82
3. Sound ...........................................................
86
4. Editing ..........................................................
87
B. Discussion .....................................................................
89
MARXIST ANALYSIS.......................................................
91
A. Marxist Principles .........................................................
91
1. Dialectical Materiaism ...........................................
91
2. Historical Materialism ...........................................
94
3. Alienation...............................................................
97
4. Class Struggle ........................................................
97
5. Revolution ..............................................................
98
B. Discussion .....................................................................
99
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ................................
102
A. Conclusion ....................................................................
101
B. Suggestion ....................................................................
102
BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................
103
APPENDIX ......................................................................................................
107
CHAPTER V
CHAPTER VI
xii
SUMMARY
DANANG PRIMAYOGI. A320060107. AGAINST RELIGIOUS SLAVERY
AND OPPRESION IN RIDLEY SCOTT’S KINGDOM OF HEAVEN MOVIE
2005 : A MARXIST APPROACH. RESEARCH PAPER. MUHAMMADIYAH
UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA. 2011.
This research paper is focused to analyze the movie based on its structural
elements and to analyze the class struggle of major character based on Marxist
perspective on the religious in the movie kingdom of heaven.
The researcher employs qualitative method. In this method, the researcher
uses two data sources, namely primary and secondary data sources. The primary data
sources are taken from attitude, dialogue and all statement in the text of the movie
which are relevant with the research.
The secondary data sources are the books about the social historical
background of Jerusalem society and the other source such as internet that are
relevant with the research. The method of data collection is library research based on
literary sources and the technique of data collection is descriptive qualitative analysis.
Based on the analysis, the result of this study is as follows. Firstly, the
structural elements and technical elements in kingdom of heaven movie can support
the theme. The director wants to deliver the theme that freedom is not given but must
be struggled for. Secondly, this movie contains values that represent Marxist
principles, especially on the dialectical materialism, historical materialism, alienation,
class struggle, revolution and ideology.
Keywords: Against Religious and Slavery, Kingdom of Heaven, a Marxist
approach.
Consultant I
Consultant II
(Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M.Ed.)
(Dra.SitiKhuzaimah.)
Dean,
(Drs. Sofyan Anif, M.Si.)
NIK. 547
xiii
IN RIDLEY SCOTT’S KINGDOM OF HEAVEN MOVIE (2005):
A MARXIST APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Getting
Bachelor Degree of Education in English Department
By:
DANANG PRIMAYOGI
A 320 060 107
SCHOOL TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2011
APPROVAL
AGAINTS RELIGIOUS SLAVERY AND OPPRESSION
IN RIDLEY SCOTT’S KINGDOM OF HEAVEN MOVIE (2005):
A MARXIST APPROACH
by:
Danang Primayogi
A 320 060 107
Approved by Consultants
Consultant I
Consultant II
(Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M. Ed.)
ii
(Dra. Siti Khuzaimah.)
ACCEPTANCE
AGAINST RELIGIOUS SLAVERY AND OPPRESION IN RIDLEY SCOTT’S
KINGDOM OF HEAVEN MOVIE (2005):
A MARXIST APPROACH
Accepted by the Board Examiners
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
On March, 2011
The Board of Examiners:
1. Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M. Ed.
(
)
(
)
(
)
(Chairperson)
2. Dra. Siti Khuzaimah.
(Member I)
3. Drs. H. Abdillah nugroho, M.Hum.
(Member II)
School of Teacher Training Education
Dean,
Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M.Si.
NIK. 547
iii
TESTIMONY
In this occasion, the writer states that there is no work that had been
submitted to any degree in any University in this research paper and as far as the
writer concerns there is no work or opinion that had been written or published by
someone else except the written references which are referred in this paper and
mentioned in the bibliography.
If only there will be any incorrectness proven in the future in the writer’s
statement above, the writer will be fully responsible for that.
Surakarta, March, 2011
Danang Primayogi
iv
MOTTO
Semua perbuatan tergantung pada niatnya
(Hadist)
I can’t do everything perfectly, but I always struggle to
do everything correctly and seriously
(The writer)
Do now, you get win and do tomorrow, you will get lost
(The writer)
Be your self, be confident!
(The writer)
v
DEDICATION
Allah SWT and Muhammad SAW
My beloved Parents
My loyal soul mate
My Brother
My Sister
My friends in Solo
My friends in Pemalang
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Alhamdulillahirobbil’alamin, praise and gratitude for Allah SWT, the
Glorious, the Lord, and the All Mighty, who has given opportunity and bless for the
researcher to finish the research paper entitled “Against The Religious Slavery and
Oppression in Ridley Scott’s Kingdom of Heaven Movie (2005): A Marxist
Approach”. Greetings and invocation are presented to the Prophet Muhammad
SAW, who has guided mankind to the right path blessed by the Lord.
The writer would like to express his sincere gratitude for all of people who
give contribution to make this research paper better. Without their contribution the
writer is likely impossible to finish it. Therefore, in this opportunity he would like to
express his special and deepest gratitude and appreciation to:
1. Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M. Si. as the Dean of the School of Teacher Training and
Education.
2. Titis Setyabudi, SS. as the Chief of English Department in Muhammadiyah
University of Surakarta.
3. Dra. Dwi Haryanti, M.Hum. as the writer’s Academic Consultant of Teacher
Training and Eduacation.
4. Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, S.Pd. M. Ed. as the First Consultant, for the
greatest guidance, attention, and motivation from the beginning up to the
completing of the research paper.
vii
5. Dra. Siti Khuzaimah as the Second Consultant who has improved the writing
of research in order to make this research paper more interesting to read in
correct sentences.
6. All the lectures of English Department, for knowledges and lecturing.
7. His Beloved parents, his father and his mother who always loves, supports,
gives attention, and prays
8. His Older sister Dian Purwitasari in Pekalongan who always supports, gives
attention, and prays
9. His Twin brother Danang Pramayoga in Papua who always supports and prays.
10. His loyal soul mate, Dina who always loves, supports, accompanies, gives
spirit, and advices the writer. DINDA 152006, “ Never Ending Love”
11. His best friends,at “Lupa-Lupa Ingat House”, for togetherness, jokes
and
happiness.
12. His best friends, campus brothers; Kepet, Widi, Ucil,Wawan,Irawnsah and
Samsudin who always support, accompanies, and spend bad and good time
together.
13. Mr. Irwansah for helping in process of writing this research paper.
14. The C class of English Department 2006 and all of English community.
15. The E class of Pharmacy Department 2005 and all of Pharmacy community.
16. “Prambanan Undercover” drama performance, and
17. All the people who cannot be mentioned one by one for every helping hand they
give in realizing this research paper.
viii
Finally, the writer realizes that this research paper is still far from being
perfect and still needs many improvements. However, the writer hopes this research
paper will be useful for prospective readers.
Surakarta, March, 2011
Danang Primayogi
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT
Page
PAGE OF TITLE .............................................................................................
i
APPROVAL.....................................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE ...............................................................................................
iii
TESTIMONY...................................................................................................
iv
MOTTO ...........................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION .................................................................................................
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ..................................................................................
vii
TABLE OF CONTENT ...................................................................................
x
SUMMARY .....................................................................................................
xv
CHAPTER I
CHAPTER II
INTRODUCTION ...............................................................
1
A. Background of Study ....................................................
1
B. Literature Review .........................................................
7
C. Problem Statement ........................................................
7
D. Limitation of Study .......................................................
8
E. Objective of Study ........................................................
8
F. Benefit of Study ............................................................
8
G. Research Method ..........................................................
8
H. Research Organization ..................................................
10
UNDERLYING THEORY ..................................................
11
A. Notion of Marxism .......................................................
11
B. The major Principles of Marxist Theory ......................
13
1. Dialectical Materialism ..........................................
13
2. Historical materialism ............................................
14
3. Alienation...............................................................
16
4. Class Struggle ........................................................
17
x
5. Revolution ..............................................................
18
C. Structural Elements of the Movie .................................
18
1.
CHAPTER III
CHAPTER IV
Narrative Elements ...............................................
19
a. Character and Characterization ........................
19
b. Casting ..............................................................
21
c. Plot ...................................................................
21
d. Setting...............................................................
22
e. Point of View ...................................................
24
f. Theme...............................................................
24
2. Technical Elements ................................................
25
a. Mise-en-Scene ..................................................
25
b. Cinematography ...............................................
28
c. Sound ................................................................
33
d. Editing ..............................................................
34
D. Theoretical Application ................................................
35
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF AMERICAN SOCIETY
AT THE TURN OF TWENTY FIRST CENTURY............
36
A. Social Aspect ................................................................
36
B. Economic Aspect ..........................................................
41
C. Political Aspect .............................................................
45
D. Cultural Aspect .............................................................
48
E. Science and Technology Aspect ...................................
52
F. Religious Aspect ...........................................................
55
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE MOVIE .................
58
A. Narrative Elements ........................................................
58
1. Character and Characterization .....................
58
2. Casting .........................................................
68
3. Plot ...............................................................
68
4. Setting ..........................................................
72
xi
5. Point of View ...............................................
77
6. Theme...........................................................
77
B. Technical Elements ........................................................
77
1. Mise-en-Scene ..............................................
77
2. Cinematography ...........................................
82
3. Sound ...........................................................
86
4. Editing ..........................................................
87
B. Discussion .....................................................................
89
MARXIST ANALYSIS.......................................................
91
A. Marxist Principles .........................................................
91
1. Dialectical Materiaism ...........................................
91
2. Historical Materialism ...........................................
94
3. Alienation...............................................................
97
4. Class Struggle ........................................................
97
5. Revolution ..............................................................
98
B. Discussion .....................................................................
99
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ................................
102
A. Conclusion ....................................................................
101
B. Suggestion ....................................................................
102
BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................
103
APPENDIX ......................................................................................................
107
CHAPTER V
CHAPTER VI
xii
SUMMARY
DANANG PRIMAYOGI. A320060107. AGAINST RELIGIOUS SLAVERY
AND OPPRESION IN RIDLEY SCOTT’S KINGDOM OF HEAVEN MOVIE
2005 : A MARXIST APPROACH. RESEARCH PAPER. MUHAMMADIYAH
UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA. 2011.
This research paper is focused to analyze the movie based on its structural
elements and to analyze the class struggle of major character based on Marxist
perspective on the religious in the movie kingdom of heaven.
The researcher employs qualitative method. In this method, the researcher
uses two data sources, namely primary and secondary data sources. The primary data
sources are taken from attitude, dialogue and all statement in the text of the movie
which are relevant with the research.
The secondary data sources are the books about the social historical
background of Jerusalem society and the other source such as internet that are
relevant with the research. The method of data collection is library research based on
literary sources and the technique of data collection is descriptive qualitative analysis.
Based on the analysis, the result of this study is as follows. Firstly, the
structural elements and technical elements in kingdom of heaven movie can support
the theme. The director wants to deliver the theme that freedom is not given but must
be struggled for. Secondly, this movie contains values that represent Marxist
principles, especially on the dialectical materialism, historical materialism, alienation,
class struggle, revolution and ideology.
Keywords: Against Religious and Slavery, Kingdom of Heaven, a Marxist
approach.
Consultant I
Consultant II
(Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M.Ed.)
(Dra.SitiKhuzaimah.)
Dean,
(Drs. Sofyan Anif, M.Si.)
NIK. 547
xiii