INTRODUCTION SUBTITLING ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH DIVERGENT MOVIE INTO INDONESIAN BY PEIN AKATSUKI.
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by
means of an equivalent target-language text. Translation is the replacement of textual
material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL),
Catford (1965: 7). Translation is the process of transferring meaning from one text into
another text, from the source language (SL) into the target language (TL). Translation is
rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended
the text, Newmark in Machali (2000: 5).
One of the ways to translate the foreign movie and television program is
subtitling. Subtitling is the method of translation in the conversation from the movie that
help the viewer from another language to understand the language that used in the movie
easily, because it is translated in target language, commonly the subtitling is written in
the bottom of screen. Subtitling is written translation of the spoken language (source
language) of a television program or film into the language of the viewing audience (the
target language); the translated text usually appears in two lines at the foot of the screen
simultaneously with the dialogue or narration in the source language. From the movie
subtitling we will find directive utterance that used in the conversation.
With respect to use of English in producing and communicating many kinds of
information, the effort to get those information easier can be done by subtitling the
spoken in to the writer. Through subtitling, it will be easier for viewer to understand the
content of the information given in English, especially for those who do not master
English well.
Considering the function of the subtitling in conveying certain information to the
readers, it can be seen that subtitling is not an easy task because it deals with transferring
thought and ideal from one language to another. These thought and ideas have to be
conveyed accurately so that the contents of the message or information are
1
2
understandable for the target readers. That is why the important thing for a subtitler is to
find the best way to make his subtitling accurate, acceptable, and readable.
Another thing which makes subtitling becomes a complex task because subtitling
always involves two languages, the source and the target languages, which must have so
many differences. The most possible thing found in two different languages is the
difference of system. The different linguistic system can cause some problems for a
subtitler. The problems faced by subtitler in subtitling process can eventually cause the
inaccurate, unacceptable or unreadable subtitling.
Subtitling is textual versions of the dialogue which is not in television programs
only, but also in films. Subtitling is very important in the film, because subtitling has
given many contributions. They are usually displayed at the bottom of the screen.
Through subtitling, the audience of the foreign film can enjoy the film by reading the
translated text on the bottom of screen without ambiguous thinking. Subtitles are
translation of foreign dialogue of a movie.
Subtitles are the written versions of the conversation or dialog which occur in the
movie. The conversation or dialog that has been translated into the target language
usually appears in the foot of the screen. Subtitling is the written translation of the spoken
language of a television program or film into the language of the viewing audience. In
subtitling, a subtitler should translate every utterance in full and show it on the screen
synchronically with the spoken language.
Translating subtitle texts, utterances or conversation in a movie appeared on
screen is not an easy task for the translators. Subtitling is one of two possible methods for
providing the translation of a movie dialogue, where the original dialogue soundtrack is
left in place and the translation is printed along the bottom of the film.
Film as one of the communication instruments, as one of the entertainment, as one
of the transferring idea instruments, and as one of the information sources, has extended
influence. Nowadays, foreign film has big control in the film. If foreign film dominates,
whereas the audience cannot understand what the message is, misunderstanding and
misinformation will cover them. Therefore, we need the film to be translated in target
language.
3
Subtitling is very important in the film, because subtitling has given many
contributions. Through subtitling, the audience of the foreign film can enjoy the film by
reading the translated text on the bottom of screen without ambiguous thinking. One
might say that subtitling is more authentic, since it does not hide the original sound. As
the major methods of translating films, subtitling involves the least interference with the
original. In the other words, it is the most neutral, minimally mediated method.
Therefore, it contributes to experience the flavor of the foreign language.
Subtitle (titling) is an explanatory or alternate title of a book, play, film, musical
work, etc., in addition to its main title. Subtitle is made and translated by translators to
audience in understanding the language spoken in the film. The subtitle is based on the
interpretation of the on-screen dialogue displayed as text and overlaid on the video. There
are so many kinds subtitles which written in many languages, such as Arabic, English,
Indonesia, Malay, Vietnamese, Danish, etc. Subtitle is an art form and the style of the
translated text can be in various ways.
We can find English-Indonesian subtitling strategy in Divergent movie. In these
movies, we can find an interesting case. Let us see these examples:
Sample Data 1:
Source Language: Push your bodies to the breaking point and you'll master the
methods of combat.
Target Language: Memaksa tubuh kalian semaksimal mungkin dan kalian akan
menguasai metode pertarungan.
The paraphrase strategy is used to translate breaking point into semaksimal
mungkin. If the source language is translated literally, it says menghentikan nilai. On the
other hand, the phrase semaksimal mungkin means to represent the meaning of breaking
point the source language.
Sample Data 2:
Source Language: They know everything.
Target Language: Mereka mengetahui segalanya.
This subtitling uses transfer strategy. There is no addition or deletion in that
phrase. The subtitler translates the dialogue literally. They know everything which was
translated. Mereka mengetahui segalanya and was very similar in the syntax and meaning.
4
Transfer strategy was used in this translation process because all the words were
translated.
The subber of Divergent movie, Pein Akatsuki was a popular subber in Indonesia.
He was a best translator of subtitle. He updated with new movies. The movies are usually
worked are movies of 2011 upwards.
Action movie titled Divergent tells the story of an adult human being is divided
into five types according to their respective characteristics. These five types of categories
are Candor (honest), Erudite (genius), Amity (pacifist), Dauntless (the brave) and
Abnegation (selfless helper).
The author tries to make the equivalent of English into Indonesian which has a
different system. Someone who wishes to use linguistic theory will benefit from learning
more about how language works. Of course, this means that attention must be to helping
the students apply the principles that are taught. It is intended as an additional teaching
aid to the reader. From the phenomena mentioned, he writer is interested in conducting a
research which analyzes the subtitling strategies found in Divergent script, taken from
http://www.opensubtitles.org/en/search/sublanguageid-eng/idmovie-172366
and
its
subtitle taken from http://sebuah-dongeng.blogspot.com , under the titles “SUBTITLING
ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH DIVERGENT MOVIE INTO INDONESIAN BY PEIN
AKATSUKI”.
B. Limitation of the Study
In the research, the writer limits her research in using subtitle analysis in
Divergent movie. The translator is Pein Akatsuki. This study focuses on transfer,
expansion, paraphrase, condensation, decimation, imitation, transcription, dislocation,
deletion, resignation. The writer uses a theory from Henrik Gottlieb 1994. Henrik
Gottlieb is known for the theory of subtitling strategy. Henrik Gottlieb is associate
professor and head of the Center for Translation Studies and Lexicography at the
University of Copenhagen. This limitation is done in order to get the best result with
sufficient energy, time, and finding.
5
C. Problem Statement
Based on the background above, the writer formulates the problem statement as
follows:
1. What kind of subtitling strategies were found in the movie entitled Divergent by Pein
Akatsuki?
2. How is the quality of the subtitling Divergent movie by Pein Akatsuki?
D. Objective of the Study
Based on the research problem above, the writer formulates the objective of the study
in the following:
1. to describe the subtitling strategies found in the Divergent movie by Pein Akatsuki,
and
2. to describe the subtitling quality of Divergent movie by Pein Akatsuki.
E. Benefit of the Study
The writer hopes that this research about the subtitling analysis of Divergent
movie by Pein Akatsuki had some benefits will be beneficial both theoretically and
practically:
1. Theoretical benefit
The writer hopes that this research can add contribution in the field of
translation and development of knowledge especially in subtitling strategy.
2. Practical benefit
a. Student
The results of this research can add contribution in the field of translation
and development of knowledge especially in subtitling strategy.
b. Teacher
The writer hopes the study can be useful for additional information and
suggestion that can be applied by teacher in the process of the teaching
learning in the subtitling strategy.
c. Lecturer
The result of this research can give the additional for the lecturer in the
teaching subtitling strategy.
6
d. Other researcher
The result of the study can be used to stimulate other researcher to conduct
further research related to this research from other points of view.
F. Research Paper Organization
The researcher divides this research paper into five parts. They are chapter I
introduction consisting of background of the study, limitation of the study, problem
statement, objective of the study, benefit of the study, and research paper organization.
Chapter II is underlying theory which consists of previous study, the notion of
translation, process translation, principles of translation, subtitling, process of subtitling,
subtitling strategies, linguistic forms, movie, and Divergent
Chapter III is research method presenting research type, research object, data and
data source, method of collecting data, data validity, and method of analyzing data.
Chapter IV is research finding and discussion. The research finding is elaborated
into two. First is The Subtitling Strategies Used in The Subtitling of Divergent Movie by
Pein Akatsuki. Second is The Subtitling Quality of Divergent Movie
Chapter V is conclusion and suggestion. After chapter V, the researcher presents
bibliography, virtual references, and appendix.
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by
means of an equivalent target-language text. Translation is the replacement of textual
material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL),
Catford (1965: 7). Translation is the process of transferring meaning from one text into
another text, from the source language (SL) into the target language (TL). Translation is
rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended
the text, Newmark in Machali (2000: 5).
One of the ways to translate the foreign movie and television program is
subtitling. Subtitling is the method of translation in the conversation from the movie that
help the viewer from another language to understand the language that used in the movie
easily, because it is translated in target language, commonly the subtitling is written in
the bottom of screen. Subtitling is written translation of the spoken language (source
language) of a television program or film into the language of the viewing audience (the
target language); the translated text usually appears in two lines at the foot of the screen
simultaneously with the dialogue or narration in the source language. From the movie
subtitling we will find directive utterance that used in the conversation.
With respect to use of English in producing and communicating many kinds of
information, the effort to get those information easier can be done by subtitling the
spoken in to the writer. Through subtitling, it will be easier for viewer to understand the
content of the information given in English, especially for those who do not master
English well.
Considering the function of the subtitling in conveying certain information to the
readers, it can be seen that subtitling is not an easy task because it deals with transferring
thought and ideal from one language to another. These thought and ideas have to be
conveyed accurately so that the contents of the message or information are
1
2
understandable for the target readers. That is why the important thing for a subtitler is to
find the best way to make his subtitling accurate, acceptable, and readable.
Another thing which makes subtitling becomes a complex task because subtitling
always involves two languages, the source and the target languages, which must have so
many differences. The most possible thing found in two different languages is the
difference of system. The different linguistic system can cause some problems for a
subtitler. The problems faced by subtitler in subtitling process can eventually cause the
inaccurate, unacceptable or unreadable subtitling.
Subtitling is textual versions of the dialogue which is not in television programs
only, but also in films. Subtitling is very important in the film, because subtitling has
given many contributions. They are usually displayed at the bottom of the screen.
Through subtitling, the audience of the foreign film can enjoy the film by reading the
translated text on the bottom of screen without ambiguous thinking. Subtitles are
translation of foreign dialogue of a movie.
Subtitles are the written versions of the conversation or dialog which occur in the
movie. The conversation or dialog that has been translated into the target language
usually appears in the foot of the screen. Subtitling is the written translation of the spoken
language of a television program or film into the language of the viewing audience. In
subtitling, a subtitler should translate every utterance in full and show it on the screen
synchronically with the spoken language.
Translating subtitle texts, utterances or conversation in a movie appeared on
screen is not an easy task for the translators. Subtitling is one of two possible methods for
providing the translation of a movie dialogue, where the original dialogue soundtrack is
left in place and the translation is printed along the bottom of the film.
Film as one of the communication instruments, as one of the entertainment, as one
of the transferring idea instruments, and as one of the information sources, has extended
influence. Nowadays, foreign film has big control in the film. If foreign film dominates,
whereas the audience cannot understand what the message is, misunderstanding and
misinformation will cover them. Therefore, we need the film to be translated in target
language.
3
Subtitling is very important in the film, because subtitling has given many
contributions. Through subtitling, the audience of the foreign film can enjoy the film by
reading the translated text on the bottom of screen without ambiguous thinking. One
might say that subtitling is more authentic, since it does not hide the original sound. As
the major methods of translating films, subtitling involves the least interference with the
original. In the other words, it is the most neutral, minimally mediated method.
Therefore, it contributes to experience the flavor of the foreign language.
Subtitle (titling) is an explanatory or alternate title of a book, play, film, musical
work, etc., in addition to its main title. Subtitle is made and translated by translators to
audience in understanding the language spoken in the film. The subtitle is based on the
interpretation of the on-screen dialogue displayed as text and overlaid on the video. There
are so many kinds subtitles which written in many languages, such as Arabic, English,
Indonesia, Malay, Vietnamese, Danish, etc. Subtitle is an art form and the style of the
translated text can be in various ways.
We can find English-Indonesian subtitling strategy in Divergent movie. In these
movies, we can find an interesting case. Let us see these examples:
Sample Data 1:
Source Language: Push your bodies to the breaking point and you'll master the
methods of combat.
Target Language: Memaksa tubuh kalian semaksimal mungkin dan kalian akan
menguasai metode pertarungan.
The paraphrase strategy is used to translate breaking point into semaksimal
mungkin. If the source language is translated literally, it says menghentikan nilai. On the
other hand, the phrase semaksimal mungkin means to represent the meaning of breaking
point the source language.
Sample Data 2:
Source Language: They know everything.
Target Language: Mereka mengetahui segalanya.
This subtitling uses transfer strategy. There is no addition or deletion in that
phrase. The subtitler translates the dialogue literally. They know everything which was
translated. Mereka mengetahui segalanya and was very similar in the syntax and meaning.
4
Transfer strategy was used in this translation process because all the words were
translated.
The subber of Divergent movie, Pein Akatsuki was a popular subber in Indonesia.
He was a best translator of subtitle. He updated with new movies. The movies are usually
worked are movies of 2011 upwards.
Action movie titled Divergent tells the story of an adult human being is divided
into five types according to their respective characteristics. These five types of categories
are Candor (honest), Erudite (genius), Amity (pacifist), Dauntless (the brave) and
Abnegation (selfless helper).
The author tries to make the equivalent of English into Indonesian which has a
different system. Someone who wishes to use linguistic theory will benefit from learning
more about how language works. Of course, this means that attention must be to helping
the students apply the principles that are taught. It is intended as an additional teaching
aid to the reader. From the phenomena mentioned, he writer is interested in conducting a
research which analyzes the subtitling strategies found in Divergent script, taken from
http://www.opensubtitles.org/en/search/sublanguageid-eng/idmovie-172366
and
its
subtitle taken from http://sebuah-dongeng.blogspot.com , under the titles “SUBTITLING
ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH DIVERGENT MOVIE INTO INDONESIAN BY PEIN
AKATSUKI”.
B. Limitation of the Study
In the research, the writer limits her research in using subtitle analysis in
Divergent movie. The translator is Pein Akatsuki. This study focuses on transfer,
expansion, paraphrase, condensation, decimation, imitation, transcription, dislocation,
deletion, resignation. The writer uses a theory from Henrik Gottlieb 1994. Henrik
Gottlieb is known for the theory of subtitling strategy. Henrik Gottlieb is associate
professor and head of the Center for Translation Studies and Lexicography at the
University of Copenhagen. This limitation is done in order to get the best result with
sufficient energy, time, and finding.
5
C. Problem Statement
Based on the background above, the writer formulates the problem statement as
follows:
1. What kind of subtitling strategies were found in the movie entitled Divergent by Pein
Akatsuki?
2. How is the quality of the subtitling Divergent movie by Pein Akatsuki?
D. Objective of the Study
Based on the research problem above, the writer formulates the objective of the study
in the following:
1. to describe the subtitling strategies found in the Divergent movie by Pein Akatsuki,
and
2. to describe the subtitling quality of Divergent movie by Pein Akatsuki.
E. Benefit of the Study
The writer hopes that this research about the subtitling analysis of Divergent
movie by Pein Akatsuki had some benefits will be beneficial both theoretically and
practically:
1. Theoretical benefit
The writer hopes that this research can add contribution in the field of
translation and development of knowledge especially in subtitling strategy.
2. Practical benefit
a. Student
The results of this research can add contribution in the field of translation
and development of knowledge especially in subtitling strategy.
b. Teacher
The writer hopes the study can be useful for additional information and
suggestion that can be applied by teacher in the process of the teaching
learning in the subtitling strategy.
c. Lecturer
The result of this research can give the additional for the lecturer in the
teaching subtitling strategy.
6
d. Other researcher
The result of the study can be used to stimulate other researcher to conduct
further research related to this research from other points of view.
F. Research Paper Organization
The researcher divides this research paper into five parts. They are chapter I
introduction consisting of background of the study, limitation of the study, problem
statement, objective of the study, benefit of the study, and research paper organization.
Chapter II is underlying theory which consists of previous study, the notion of
translation, process translation, principles of translation, subtitling, process of subtitling,
subtitling strategies, linguistic forms, movie, and Divergent
Chapter III is research method presenting research type, research object, data and
data source, method of collecting data, data validity, and method of analyzing data.
Chapter IV is research finding and discussion. The research finding is elaborated
into two. First is The Subtitling Strategies Used in The Subtitling of Divergent Movie by
Pein Akatsuki. Second is The Subtitling Quality of Divergent Movie
Chapter V is conclusion and suggestion. After chapter V, the researcher presents
bibliography, virtual references, and appendix.