AMERICAN CALL FOR WAR: CULTURAL READER RESPONSE TO RIDLEY SCOTT’S American Call For War : Cultural Reader Response To Ridley Scott's Black Hawk Down Movie (2001).
AMERICAN CALL FOR WAR: CULTURAL READER RESPONSE
TO RIDLEY SCOTT’S
BLACK HAWK DOWN MOVIE (2001)
THESIS
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Getting Master
Degree of Education in Magister of Language Study
By:
LINDA SAFITRI
S200130036
MAGISTER OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE STUDIES
POST GRADUATE PROGRAM
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2015
ii
iii
iv
v
vi
MOTTO
“Do not follow the ideas of others, but learn to listen to the voice within yourself.
Your body and mind will become clear and you will realize the unity of all
things”
vii
DEDICATION
This this paper is proudly and wholeheartedly dedicates to:
-
Her beloved father and mother (Bpk. Sri Suyatno and Ibu Sunarti), She really
appreciate your wonderful kindness, thank for your care, love, support, and
prayer for me. I really love you.
-
Her beloved husband and daughter, thanks for the care, love, prayer and
support to finishing this thesis.
-
My advisors, Dr. M. Thoyibi, M.S and Dr.Phil. Dewi Chandraningrum, M.Ed
thank for your support and suggestion for me. May Allah bless you.
-
My beloved friends, DREAM TEAM ( Impian & Agung) and all of my
friends in the post- graduate of language study (Novi, Indah, Eny, Dini, Bu
Suci, Bu Titin, Bang Ali, Danan, Hono, Adi, Hibat, Samingan), thank for
your support and prayer.
viii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Alhamdullilahirabil’alamin, all praise and gratitude to Allah SWT, the
most gracious and the most merciful for blessing the writer to accomplish this
thesis under the title “American Call For War : Cultural Reader Response to
Ridley Scott’s “Black Hawk Down” Movie ( 2001)” . This thesis is one of
requirement for getting the post graduate of language department at
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
The writer realizes that this would never be possible without contribute
and support from others. The writer would like to express her graduate and
appreciation to:
1. Prof. Dr. Khudzaifah Dimyati, S.H., M.Hum, the director of
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
2. Prof. Dr. Markhamah, M.Hum, the Head of Language Study
Department,
3. Dr. M. Thoyibi, M.S, and Dr.Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M.Ed, as
advisors of this thesis who gave guided and advices during the
arrangement of research paper from the beginning until the end,
4. The writer’s beloved Father and Mother who always give love,
support, and prayer,
ix
5. Her husband and baby
6. All friends in Magister of Language Study in Muhammadiyah
University of Surakarta, and
7. Her best friends, who always support, give prayer and strength.
The writer realizes that this research paper is not perfect and has a lot of
weakness. Therefore, the writer thanks to the reader if they can contribute
suggestions and criticisms to make this research paper better.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
COVER .............................................................................................................. i
NOTE OF ADVISOR I ...................................................................................... ii
NOTE OF ADVISOR II .................................................................................... iii
APPROVAL ...................................................................................................... iv
APPROVAL FOR SUBMISSION .................................................................... v
PRONOUNCEMENT ........................................................................................ vi
MOTTO ............................................................................................................. vii
DEDICATION ................................................................................................... viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMNT .................................................................................... ix
TABLE OF CONTENT ..................................................................................... xi
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... xiv
ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................... xv
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study ................................................... 1
1.2 Limitation of the Study ...................................................... 5
1.3 Problem Statement ............................................................. 6
1.4 Objective of the Study ........................................................ 6
1.5 Benefits of the Study ........................................................... 6
1.6 Research Paper Organization ............................................. 7
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW AND UNDERLYING THEORY
2.1 The Notion of Reader Response ........................................ 8
2.1.1. The Theoretical Perspectives on Response ............... 11
2.1.2. Applying the Cultural Reader Response Strategies .. 14
2.1.2.1. Definition of the Culture .................................... 14
xi
2.1.2.2. Elements of the Culture ......................................... 15
2.2. Theoretical Framework ................................................... 18
2.3. Previous Studies .............................................................. 19
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
3.1.Research Type ................................................................... 24
3.2.Research Object ................................................................ 25
3.3.Data and Data Source........................................................ 25
3.4.Technique Collecting Data................................................ 27
3.5.Technique Analyzing Data................................................ 28
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
4.1. Research Finding .............................................................. 29
4.1.1. Reviewers by Country............................................. 29
4.1.2. Reviewers by Year .................................................. 32
4.1.3. Main Issues ............................................................. 33
4.1.4. Detailed Issues ........................................................ 36
4.1.4.1. Movie Production........................................ 36
4.1.4.2. Social........................................................... 55
4.1.4.3. Propaganda .................................................. 63
4.1.4.4. Military ....................................................... 67
4.1.4.5. Politics......................................................... 72
4.1.4.6. Suffering ..................................................... 76
4.1.4.7. Race............................................................. 79
4.1.4.8. Religion ....................................................... 82
4.2. Discussion ........................................................................ 83
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION, PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATION, AND
SUGGESTION
5.1. Conclusion ....................................................................... 94
xii
5.2. Pedagogical Implication ................................................... 96
5.3. Suggestion ......................................................................... 97
BIBLIOGRAPHY
VIRTUAL REFERENCES
APPENDIX
xiii
ABSTRACT
Linda Safitri, S200130036. AMERICAN CALL FOR WAR: CULTURAL
READER RESPONSE TO RIDLEY SCOTT’S BLACK HAWK DOWN
MOVIE (2001). Thesis. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. 2015.
The research’s purpose is to reveal how the cultural reader response
reflected in the Black Hawk Down movie. There are three objectives of the study;
the first is to describe the dominant issues by the reviewers in applying reader
response theory, second is to explain the background of the reviewer response to
the movie and third is to explain the reasons that influenced American reviewer
call for war to Somalia city.
The dominant issue which is respond by the reviewers is the war movie
dealing with the cultural reader response. This study is a qualitative study and
using two data sources; they are primary and secondary data. The primary data
source is the reviews of Black Hawk Down movie (2001) by Ridley Scott from
IMDb (Internet Movie Database). The secondary data of this study are taken from
other sources such as literary book, previous studies, articles, journals, and also
website related to reader response theory. The outcome of the study shows the
issue variation of cultural reader response. They are consisting of movie
production, social, propaganda, military, politics, suffering, race and religion. The
dominant of the issue variation is movie production. It consists of the elements of
the movie that supported it such as; plot, director, actor, cinematography, acting,
music, editing and etc. The word of American call for war it is taken from the
story of the movie of Black Hawk Down. It is not taken from the political,
propaganda, military and social issues.
.
Keywords: Cultural Reader Response, Richard Beach, Black Hawk Down
xiv
ABSTRAK
Linda Safitri, S200130036. AMERICAN CALL FOR WAR: CULTURAL
READER RESPONSE TO RIDLEY SCOTT’S BLACK HAWK DOWN
MOVIE (2001). Thesis. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. 2015.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengungkapkan bagaimana budaya
respon pembaca tercermin dalam film Black Hawk Down. Ada tiga tujuan dari
penelitian ini; yang pertama adalah untuk menggambarkan isu-isu yang dominan
oleh pengulas dalam menerapkan teori tanggapan pembaca, kedua adalah untuk
menjelaskan latar belakang dari respon resensi pada film dan ketiga adalah untuk
menjelaskan alasan alasan yang mempengaruhi panggilan resensi dari Amerika
untuk perang ke kota Somalia.
Isu dominan yang ditanggapi oleh pengulas adalah film perang yan
berhubungan dengan budaya respon pembaca. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian
kualitatif dan menggunakan dua sumber data; data primer dan sekunder. Sumber
data primer adalah review dari Black Hawk Down film (2001) oleh Ridley Scott
dari IMDb (Internet Movie Database). Data sekunder dari penelitian ini diambil
dari sumber-sumber lain seperti buku sastra, studi sebelumnya, artikel, jurnal, dan
juga situs yang berkaitan dengan teori tanggapan pembaca. Hasil penelitian
menunjukkan variasi isu budaya respon pembaca. Mereka terdiri dari produksi
film, sosial, propaganda, militer, politik, penderitaan, ras dan agama. Dominan
dari variasi masalah adalah produksi film. Ini terdiri dari unsur-unsur film yang
mendukungnya seperti; plot, sutradara, aktor, sinematografi, akting, musik,
editing dan lain-lain Kata dari panggilan Amerika untuk perang itu diambil dari
kisah film Black Hawk Down. Itu tidak berasal dari isu politik, propaganda,
militer dan isu sosial.
Kata Kunci; Budaya respon pembaca, Richard Beach, Black Hawk Down
xv
TO RIDLEY SCOTT’S
BLACK HAWK DOWN MOVIE (2001)
THESIS
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Getting Master
Degree of Education in Magister of Language Study
By:
LINDA SAFITRI
S200130036
MAGISTER OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE STUDIES
POST GRADUATE PROGRAM
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2015
ii
iii
iv
v
vi
MOTTO
“Do not follow the ideas of others, but learn to listen to the voice within yourself.
Your body and mind will become clear and you will realize the unity of all
things”
vii
DEDICATION
This this paper is proudly and wholeheartedly dedicates to:
-
Her beloved father and mother (Bpk. Sri Suyatno and Ibu Sunarti), She really
appreciate your wonderful kindness, thank for your care, love, support, and
prayer for me. I really love you.
-
Her beloved husband and daughter, thanks for the care, love, prayer and
support to finishing this thesis.
-
My advisors, Dr. M. Thoyibi, M.S and Dr.Phil. Dewi Chandraningrum, M.Ed
thank for your support and suggestion for me. May Allah bless you.
-
My beloved friends, DREAM TEAM ( Impian & Agung) and all of my
friends in the post- graduate of language study (Novi, Indah, Eny, Dini, Bu
Suci, Bu Titin, Bang Ali, Danan, Hono, Adi, Hibat, Samingan), thank for
your support and prayer.
viii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Alhamdullilahirabil’alamin, all praise and gratitude to Allah SWT, the
most gracious and the most merciful for blessing the writer to accomplish this
thesis under the title “American Call For War : Cultural Reader Response to
Ridley Scott’s “Black Hawk Down” Movie ( 2001)” . This thesis is one of
requirement for getting the post graduate of language department at
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
The writer realizes that this would never be possible without contribute
and support from others. The writer would like to express her graduate and
appreciation to:
1. Prof. Dr. Khudzaifah Dimyati, S.H., M.Hum, the director of
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
2. Prof. Dr. Markhamah, M.Hum, the Head of Language Study
Department,
3. Dr. M. Thoyibi, M.S, and Dr.Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M.Ed, as
advisors of this thesis who gave guided and advices during the
arrangement of research paper from the beginning until the end,
4. The writer’s beloved Father and Mother who always give love,
support, and prayer,
ix
5. Her husband and baby
6. All friends in Magister of Language Study in Muhammadiyah
University of Surakarta, and
7. Her best friends, who always support, give prayer and strength.
The writer realizes that this research paper is not perfect and has a lot of
weakness. Therefore, the writer thanks to the reader if they can contribute
suggestions and criticisms to make this research paper better.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
COVER .............................................................................................................. i
NOTE OF ADVISOR I ...................................................................................... ii
NOTE OF ADVISOR II .................................................................................... iii
APPROVAL ...................................................................................................... iv
APPROVAL FOR SUBMISSION .................................................................... v
PRONOUNCEMENT ........................................................................................ vi
MOTTO ............................................................................................................. vii
DEDICATION ................................................................................................... viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMNT .................................................................................... ix
TABLE OF CONTENT ..................................................................................... xi
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... xiv
ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................... xv
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study ................................................... 1
1.2 Limitation of the Study ...................................................... 5
1.3 Problem Statement ............................................................. 6
1.4 Objective of the Study ........................................................ 6
1.5 Benefits of the Study ........................................................... 6
1.6 Research Paper Organization ............................................. 7
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW AND UNDERLYING THEORY
2.1 The Notion of Reader Response ........................................ 8
2.1.1. The Theoretical Perspectives on Response ............... 11
2.1.2. Applying the Cultural Reader Response Strategies .. 14
2.1.2.1. Definition of the Culture .................................... 14
xi
2.1.2.2. Elements of the Culture ......................................... 15
2.2. Theoretical Framework ................................................... 18
2.3. Previous Studies .............................................................. 19
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
3.1.Research Type ................................................................... 24
3.2.Research Object ................................................................ 25
3.3.Data and Data Source........................................................ 25
3.4.Technique Collecting Data................................................ 27
3.5.Technique Analyzing Data................................................ 28
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
4.1. Research Finding .............................................................. 29
4.1.1. Reviewers by Country............................................. 29
4.1.2. Reviewers by Year .................................................. 32
4.1.3. Main Issues ............................................................. 33
4.1.4. Detailed Issues ........................................................ 36
4.1.4.1. Movie Production........................................ 36
4.1.4.2. Social........................................................... 55
4.1.4.3. Propaganda .................................................. 63
4.1.4.4. Military ....................................................... 67
4.1.4.5. Politics......................................................... 72
4.1.4.6. Suffering ..................................................... 76
4.1.4.7. Race............................................................. 79
4.1.4.8. Religion ....................................................... 82
4.2. Discussion ........................................................................ 83
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION, PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATION, AND
SUGGESTION
5.1. Conclusion ....................................................................... 94
xii
5.2. Pedagogical Implication ................................................... 96
5.3. Suggestion ......................................................................... 97
BIBLIOGRAPHY
VIRTUAL REFERENCES
APPENDIX
xiii
ABSTRACT
Linda Safitri, S200130036. AMERICAN CALL FOR WAR: CULTURAL
READER RESPONSE TO RIDLEY SCOTT’S BLACK HAWK DOWN
MOVIE (2001). Thesis. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. 2015.
The research’s purpose is to reveal how the cultural reader response
reflected in the Black Hawk Down movie. There are three objectives of the study;
the first is to describe the dominant issues by the reviewers in applying reader
response theory, second is to explain the background of the reviewer response to
the movie and third is to explain the reasons that influenced American reviewer
call for war to Somalia city.
The dominant issue which is respond by the reviewers is the war movie
dealing with the cultural reader response. This study is a qualitative study and
using two data sources; they are primary and secondary data. The primary data
source is the reviews of Black Hawk Down movie (2001) by Ridley Scott from
IMDb (Internet Movie Database). The secondary data of this study are taken from
other sources such as literary book, previous studies, articles, journals, and also
website related to reader response theory. The outcome of the study shows the
issue variation of cultural reader response. They are consisting of movie
production, social, propaganda, military, politics, suffering, race and religion. The
dominant of the issue variation is movie production. It consists of the elements of
the movie that supported it such as; plot, director, actor, cinematography, acting,
music, editing and etc. The word of American call for war it is taken from the
story of the movie of Black Hawk Down. It is not taken from the political,
propaganda, military and social issues.
.
Keywords: Cultural Reader Response, Richard Beach, Black Hawk Down
xiv
ABSTRAK
Linda Safitri, S200130036. AMERICAN CALL FOR WAR: CULTURAL
READER RESPONSE TO RIDLEY SCOTT’S BLACK HAWK DOWN
MOVIE (2001). Thesis. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. 2015.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengungkapkan bagaimana budaya
respon pembaca tercermin dalam film Black Hawk Down. Ada tiga tujuan dari
penelitian ini; yang pertama adalah untuk menggambarkan isu-isu yang dominan
oleh pengulas dalam menerapkan teori tanggapan pembaca, kedua adalah untuk
menjelaskan latar belakang dari respon resensi pada film dan ketiga adalah untuk
menjelaskan alasan alasan yang mempengaruhi panggilan resensi dari Amerika
untuk perang ke kota Somalia.
Isu dominan yang ditanggapi oleh pengulas adalah film perang yan
berhubungan dengan budaya respon pembaca. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian
kualitatif dan menggunakan dua sumber data; data primer dan sekunder. Sumber
data primer adalah review dari Black Hawk Down film (2001) oleh Ridley Scott
dari IMDb (Internet Movie Database). Data sekunder dari penelitian ini diambil
dari sumber-sumber lain seperti buku sastra, studi sebelumnya, artikel, jurnal, dan
juga situs yang berkaitan dengan teori tanggapan pembaca. Hasil penelitian
menunjukkan variasi isu budaya respon pembaca. Mereka terdiri dari produksi
film, sosial, propaganda, militer, politik, penderitaan, ras dan agama. Dominan
dari variasi masalah adalah produksi film. Ini terdiri dari unsur-unsur film yang
mendukungnya seperti; plot, sutradara, aktor, sinematografi, akting, musik,
editing dan lain-lain Kata dari panggilan Amerika untuk perang itu diambil dari
kisah film Black Hawk Down. Itu tidak berasal dari isu politik, propaganda,
militer dan isu sosial.
Kata Kunci; Budaya respon pembaca, Richard Beach, Black Hawk Down
xv