EXPOSITORY TEXTS BY MALE AND FEMALE STUDENTS.
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A THESIS
EXPOSITORY TEXTS BY MALE AND FEMALE STIUDENTS
Musrafidin Simanullang
Registration Number : 062188310006
English Applied Linguistics Study Program
State University of Medan
This Thesis was examined on 46 September , 2009 by the Board of E:uminers.
Approval by
Advisers Commission
Belferik Manullang
71015.197412.1001
Approval
This thesis was examined on 4th September 2009 by the Board of Examiners
Board of Examiners
Prof. Amrin Saragih, M.A., Ph.D
Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd
Prof. Tina Mariany Arifin, M.A., Ph.D.
Prof. Lince Sihombing, M.Pd
Dr. Eddy Setia, M.Ed TESP
ACKNOWLEGDMENTS
Fitst of all the writer would like to thank his God, Jesus Christ for his kindness
and guidance in finishing this thesis. Without his helping, it is such an impossible thing to
the writer to finish this thesis. This thesis is aimed at one of the requirements for the
degree of master Humaniora at English Applied Linguistics of The State University of
Medan.
The process of finishing this thesis took times, patience, guidance, and energy
which leads the writer to express his gratitude to those who have helped him during his
study and doing this thesis.
The first special thanks is addressed to his beloved parents (M. Manullang, and R.
br Tumorang), and also for all his brothers and sisters for their love and prayer.
Secondly, the writer would also like express his sincere thanks to Prof. Amrin
Saragih PhD as his first advisor, and also to Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd as his second
advisor for their guidance, and sympathetic encouragements during writing this thesis.
Thirdly, he would like to thank Prof. Tina Mariany Arifin, M.A., Ph.D as the head
of English Applied Linguistics of The State University of Medan for her advice during
his completing this thesis.
Fourthly, he also wants to thank Prof. Belferik Manulang as the director of The
Postgraduates School of The State University of Medan and to all the lectures of English
Applied Linguistics for their indirect advice during his study.
Furthermore, the writer would like to thank for all his classmates who have helped
him and given encouragements of doing his study.
Finally, the writer realizes that his work needs perfection in spite of the facts that
he has done his best in completing this thesis. Therefore, constructive, criticism,
comments, and suggestions, are welcome for further improvement of this thesis.
Medan, August 2009
The writer,
Musrafldin Simanullang
Registration Number: 062188310006.
ABSTRACT
Musrafidin, S. 2009. Expository text by male and female students. A thesis of
English Applied Linguistics of Postgraduates School State University of Medan.
This study examines and explores the differences and similarities of expository text
produced by male and female students of English Department of The State University of
Medan. The texts produced by male and female students were analyzed in term of
metafunctions as developed in systemic functional linguistics by Halliday, and other
systematicists which specifically covers namely ideational, interpersonal and textual
functions along with its generic structure. The finding showed similarities and differences
between male and female students' text in those three aspects; ideational, interpersonal
and textual functions together with its generic structure. The similarities of linguistics
forms were found in the aspect of generic structure, circumstances, and modality,
whereas the differences were found in the aspects of processes, logical relation, mood,
and theme. The reasons for the differences are showed by the difference tendency of
production of the generic structure of the texts, and those aspects of metafunction by male
and female.
CHAPTERV
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 ConclusiflDS
This Study has investigated the expository text by male and female students at the
State University of Medan (UNIMED). Having analyzed the data through systematic
functional Linguistics and comparative analysis, it is concluded that:
( 1). In the level of university student, Male tended to better than female in
producing expository text seen from their generic structure of the text, and
(2). There are differences and similarities of text produced by male and female seen
from metafunction analysis. The similarities are found in the aspect of generic structur of
argillfient, circumstances of manner, marked multiple theme, and the differences are found
in the aspects of generic structure of abstract, thesis, and conclusion, all types of processes,
marked simple theme, unmarked simple theme, unmarked multiple theme, those types of
logical relation, mood and modulation.
5.2 Suggestions
This study applies metafunction analysis in finding its answer. Since language users is
affected by their social background, for examples: culture, status, education, economy
background, as a matter of fact, suggestion and recommendation for further study is
recommended.
( 1). Gender needs to be considered in teaching writing spesifically in teaching
expository texts.
(2). Since this study has found (seen from metafunction analysis) that there are
differences and similarities of male and female in writing especially on expository text, in
45
CHAPTERV
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusions
This Study has investigated the expository text by male and female students at the
State University of Medan (UNIMED). Having analyzed the data through systematic
functional Linguistics and comparative analysis, it is concluded that:
(1 ). In the level of university student, Male tended to better than female in
producing expository text seen from their generic structure of the text, and
(2). There are differences and similarities of text produced by male and female seen
from metafunction analysis. The similarities are found in the aspect of generic structur of
arglin'lent, circillnstances of manher, marked multiple theme, and the differences are found
in the aspects of generic structure of abstract, thesis, and conclusion, all types of processes,
marked simple theme, unmarked simple theme, unmarked multiple theme, those types of
logical relation, mood and modulation.
5.2 Suggestions
This study applies metafunction analysis in finding its answer. Since language users is
affected by their social background, for examples; culture, status, education, economy
background, as a matter of fact, suggestion and recommendation for further study is
recommended.
(1 ). Gender needs to be considered in teaching writing spesifically in teaching
expository texts by the teacher or lecturer.
(2). Since this study has found (seen from metafunction analysis) that there are
differences and similarities of male and female in writing especially on expository text, in
45
fact, it is still a problem and further research of how the social background affects one's
writing. It means that for those who has been interacted with this study is welcome for
further study.
46
Sabattini (htp.www.cerebromente.org.) Are There the Differences between Males and
Females Brain? 23 April 2009
Shlomo Argamon. Gender, Genre, and Formal Style in Wfiflen Formal Text.
http/I ef: language/gender/htm I
Tom Schmader. A Linguistic Comparison of Letters of Recommendation for Male and
Female
Chemistry
and
Biochemistry
Job
Applicants
email:schmader@u.arizona.edu;
48
iL
',4{;~il
;)
._tf
Applit':J Li,vtg!J!i:1.tJ.;':;:S ,'-;~()
t'fr ~:; \ •.,
iM! p;g_;;\J'fllr Jil!j"L~
;·u J)~;u
.r~J(
•
p..,.,J"'"'""'·'·
!Jftll4;:' . !li~:'ftA£s
~f
Mrt8:;~
~ - t. l~:
:Jflz~
d.:"'~
xrin
By:
~-'
"*l'<
JSRt\1~ __....,,.._m' _
ID
N Sl1V
__
A:ftJUlL.\I" , ..
_
~
El!
,.~-
..
W.t"~'·
' '·"
·
' ·:,~;'-"
d~X6.
'''ti'.,'.L'N\o.cJ'
\':~.,e;·
A THESIS
EXPOSITORY TEXTS BY MALE AND FEMALE STIUDENTS
Musrafidin Simanullang
Registration Number : 062188310006
English Applied Linguistics Study Program
State University of Medan
This Thesis was examined on 46 September , 2009 by the Board of E:uminers.
Approval by
Advisers Commission
Belferik Manullang
71015.197412.1001
Approval
This thesis was examined on 4th September 2009 by the Board of Examiners
Board of Examiners
Prof. Amrin Saragih, M.A., Ph.D
Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd
Prof. Tina Mariany Arifin, M.A., Ph.D.
Prof. Lince Sihombing, M.Pd
Dr. Eddy Setia, M.Ed TESP
ACKNOWLEGDMENTS
Fitst of all the writer would like to thank his God, Jesus Christ for his kindness
and guidance in finishing this thesis. Without his helping, it is such an impossible thing to
the writer to finish this thesis. This thesis is aimed at one of the requirements for the
degree of master Humaniora at English Applied Linguistics of The State University of
Medan.
The process of finishing this thesis took times, patience, guidance, and energy
which leads the writer to express his gratitude to those who have helped him during his
study and doing this thesis.
The first special thanks is addressed to his beloved parents (M. Manullang, and R.
br Tumorang), and also for all his brothers and sisters for their love and prayer.
Secondly, the writer would also like express his sincere thanks to Prof. Amrin
Saragih PhD as his first advisor, and also to Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd as his second
advisor for their guidance, and sympathetic encouragements during writing this thesis.
Thirdly, he would like to thank Prof. Tina Mariany Arifin, M.A., Ph.D as the head
of English Applied Linguistics of The State University of Medan for her advice during
his completing this thesis.
Fourthly, he also wants to thank Prof. Belferik Manulang as the director of The
Postgraduates School of The State University of Medan and to all the lectures of English
Applied Linguistics for their indirect advice during his study.
Furthermore, the writer would like to thank for all his classmates who have helped
him and given encouragements of doing his study.
Finally, the writer realizes that his work needs perfection in spite of the facts that
he has done his best in completing this thesis. Therefore, constructive, criticism,
comments, and suggestions, are welcome for further improvement of this thesis.
Medan, August 2009
The writer,
Musrafldin Simanullang
Registration Number: 062188310006.
ABSTRACT
Musrafidin, S. 2009. Expository text by male and female students. A thesis of
English Applied Linguistics of Postgraduates School State University of Medan.
This study examines and explores the differences and similarities of expository text
produced by male and female students of English Department of The State University of
Medan. The texts produced by male and female students were analyzed in term of
metafunctions as developed in systemic functional linguistics by Halliday, and other
systematicists which specifically covers namely ideational, interpersonal and textual
functions along with its generic structure. The finding showed similarities and differences
between male and female students' text in those three aspects; ideational, interpersonal
and textual functions together with its generic structure. The similarities of linguistics
forms were found in the aspect of generic structure, circumstances, and modality,
whereas the differences were found in the aspects of processes, logical relation, mood,
and theme. The reasons for the differences are showed by the difference tendency of
production of the generic structure of the texts, and those aspects of metafunction by male
and female.
CHAPTERV
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 ConclusiflDS
This Study has investigated the expository text by male and female students at the
State University of Medan (UNIMED). Having analyzed the data through systematic
functional Linguistics and comparative analysis, it is concluded that:
( 1). In the level of university student, Male tended to better than female in
producing expository text seen from their generic structure of the text, and
(2). There are differences and similarities of text produced by male and female seen
from metafunction analysis. The similarities are found in the aspect of generic structur of
argillfient, circumstances of manner, marked multiple theme, and the differences are found
in the aspects of generic structure of abstract, thesis, and conclusion, all types of processes,
marked simple theme, unmarked simple theme, unmarked multiple theme, those types of
logical relation, mood and modulation.
5.2 Suggestions
This study applies metafunction analysis in finding its answer. Since language users is
affected by their social background, for examples: culture, status, education, economy
background, as a matter of fact, suggestion and recommendation for further study is
recommended.
( 1). Gender needs to be considered in teaching writing spesifically in teaching
expository texts.
(2). Since this study has found (seen from metafunction analysis) that there are
differences and similarities of male and female in writing especially on expository text, in
45
CHAPTERV
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusions
This Study has investigated the expository text by male and female students at the
State University of Medan (UNIMED). Having analyzed the data through systematic
functional Linguistics and comparative analysis, it is concluded that:
(1 ). In the level of university student, Male tended to better than female in
producing expository text seen from their generic structure of the text, and
(2). There are differences and similarities of text produced by male and female seen
from metafunction analysis. The similarities are found in the aspect of generic structur of
arglin'lent, circillnstances of manher, marked multiple theme, and the differences are found
in the aspects of generic structure of abstract, thesis, and conclusion, all types of processes,
marked simple theme, unmarked simple theme, unmarked multiple theme, those types of
logical relation, mood and modulation.
5.2 Suggestions
This study applies metafunction analysis in finding its answer. Since language users is
affected by their social background, for examples; culture, status, education, economy
background, as a matter of fact, suggestion and recommendation for further study is
recommended.
(1 ). Gender needs to be considered in teaching writing spesifically in teaching
expository texts by the teacher or lecturer.
(2). Since this study has found (seen from metafunction analysis) that there are
differences and similarities of male and female in writing especially on expository text, in
45
fact, it is still a problem and further research of how the social background affects one's
writing. It means that for those who has been interacted with this study is welcome for
further study.
46
Sabattini (htp.www.cerebromente.org.) Are There the Differences between Males and
Females Brain? 23 April 2009
Shlomo Argamon. Gender, Genre, and Formal Style in Wfiflen Formal Text.
http/I ef: language/gender/htm I
Tom Schmader. A Linguistic Comparison of Letters of Recommendation for Male and
Female
Chemistry
and
Biochemistry
Job
Applicants
email:schmader@u.arizona.edu;
48