PT Cibaliung Sumberdaya, Indonesia Sandro Flanaehan SIRAIT, Nuhindro Priagung WIDODO, Mikha SIMANIUNTAK 05 Support Design of Cut and Fill Mine Method at Underground Gold Mine 29 PURWANTO, Hideki SHIMAD Takashi SASAOKA Kikuo MAISUI, Ridho WATTIMENA 06 Disc
INESI
ngs of
rnrGrnail0nil symrusium 0n
Iarth
:and leohnologu
2013
$cience
.i
lnamori [oundation Memorial Hall
l(yushu Uniuersity, Iulruofia, lasan
:,::,."'.
1 .t"- -
..
.
ffi-1r "r*
t' ':'r-=@q
...,:::1:e.+:,:::;.'+!
iirlili:.i\
0rganized by
Gooperative International Network for Earth Science and Technology (CINEST)
MAII'SUSHIMA CO.,LIfID.
Processing Institute of Japan (MM|J) Kyushu Branch
.of Goal Mining Technology
@
by CINEST
t*.:1.
;6
,
.
""'=:
Paper
Gontents
Paper Title and Authors
No.
page
Prenary Educating Managers and Leaders for Sustainable and Socially
I Mining in Africa
Responsible
l
Jean-Paul FRANZIDIS
Prenary Energy Efficiency Improvement Opportunities in the Mineral
II
Industry
3
Raj SINGHAL, Kostas FYTAS
01 Information and System Management in the Framework of the Project:
Innovation of Bc and Ms Study Programmes at the Faculty of Mining and
Geology, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava (INO HGF)
8
Oldrich KODYM
02 Development of New Type Expansion
Rock
Bolt
t4
Yun-Young Jeong, Sang-Ho Cho, Sang-Sun |eong
03 Visualization of Methane Flow in Area with Two Degassing
Boreholes
18
Pavel STASA, Oldrich KODYI4 Miroslav STOLBA
04 Study
on Estimation of Re-entry Time after Blasting in Underground
PT Cibaliung Sumberdaya, Indonesia
Mining
24
Sandro Flanaehan SIRAIT, Nuhindro Priagung WIDODO, Mikha SIMANIUNTAK
05 Support Design of Cut and Fill Mine Method at Underground Gold Mine
29
PURWANTO, Hideki SHIMAD& Takashi SASAOKA
Kikuo MAISUI, Ridho WATTIMENA
06 Discontinuity Spacing Correction Factor on Predicting Penetration
Rotary-Percussive Drill: The Laboratory Scale Model
Rate
of
37
Ganda M. SIMANGUNSONG, Prathama I. FEBRIANTO, Suseno KRAMADIBRATA
07 Bearing Capacity Correlation by Using Dynamic Cone Peneterometer
Test
43
and California Bearing Ratio Test for Mining Equipment Recommendation
Barlian DWINAGARA, Oktarian Wisnu LUSANTONO
0B Geotechnical Study for Optimizing the Outpit Dump at
Energi Open Pit Coal Mine
PT Bhumi
Rantau
48
Budi Sulistianto, Kristijuliantika Agustian, Tri Karian
Ginting Jalu Kusuma, Cecep H. Setiadi
09 Assigning Economic Values
on Mining blocks and Cut-off Grade 54
Determination by Break-Even Analysis: A Case Study of the Marampa Iron
Ore Deposit.
Abu-Bakarr ]allotr, Kyuro Sasaki
10 Recycling of Trash Mixture Tsunami Sludge by using Screening and
59
Improvement
Hiroshi TAKAHASHf Shinya IZUML Satoshi SHIBAT,! Masato MORI
11 Removal of Cesium, Cobalt, Strontium, or Some Other Metals Detected
Around Fukushima from the Aqueous Solution Using Microbial Cells
Takehiko TSURUTA" Kazluya SAWAMUKA| Ryohtaroh NAKAMURA
Shun OGASAWARA, Rie NATSUBORI Daishi UMENAI
-1-
64
Paper
No.
paper Titte and Authors
Page
12 A Preliminary study on the Simulation of the Effects of parameters
on
Hydraulic Fracturing of a Horizontal Well in a Shale-Oil
Reservoir
sujaree
70
woRAporpISAN, Chatsuda KULTAVEEWUTI, supol
]IARASUPHAT
Svein Tore OPDAL, Kreangkrai MANEEINTR
13 codeposition of Silica with suspended particles in porous
Loren TUSARA, Ryuichi
ITo!
Media
71
Yoshitaka KAWAHARA, Daisuke FUKUDA, osamu
KAT9
14 EoR Development Screening of A Heterogeneous Heavy_oir
Field
Southern of Oman Using Stejm Flooding
in
83
IbrahimAl HADABI, Kyuro SASAKI, yuichi SUGAI
15 Natural state Numerical Model of Lahendong Geothermal
Reservoir, North
87
Sulawesi, Indonesia
AIiASHAT Nurita putri HARDIANI, Ahmad yANf Ryuichi
ITOI
16 Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Flow and Heat rransportation
Krang Volcanic Area, Indonesia
Aiko HARADA' Ryuichi ITOf Boy yoseph
CSS Syah
in
93
ALAM
17 Recharge source and Groundwater Flow system in Mt.
Karang west Java,
Indonesia Based on the
Stable Isotopes
Boy Yoseph css syAH ALAI\{, Ryuichi
IToI, sachihiro TAGUCHI
18 Granitic Magmatism and Related ore Deposit in sulawesi,
Indonesia
Adi MAULANA, Kotaro YONEZU, Koichiro WATANABE
Akira IMAI
19 Sr-Nd-Hf Isotope Geochemistry of Early Yanshanian
Granitoids in Central
Nanling Region, south china: Impricafions foi
wigmatic Evorution
Tectonic
Environment
108
112
and
I
Huan LI, Koichiro WATANABE, Kotaro YONEZU
20 characterizations of
LREE or Nd Doped Aruminosirica Gers
Method for preparing a caribration cuive with
nigh ;..rru.v
JUNYA
21
KANEMITSU,
KOIATO
by
Sor_Ger
120
YONEZU, KOiChirO WAriruANg, TAKUShi
YOKOYAMA
RFID Technorogy in Industriar Environments
with Risk of Exprosion
pavel STAS,{
SVUB,
ZbynekKOCUR,Iakub UNUCKA
}iri
123
in Transportation systems of opencast
Mine
129
22 Utirization of RFID Technorogy
Filip BENEg pavel STASA,
Jiri SVLIB, Vladimir KEtsO
23 Reliability of Reading.in Management system Based
on AIDC Technorogy
for Special Goods and process-es. - ' ---'
]uraj VACLTLI6 peter KOLAROSZKL
24 Radio
Frequency Identification
Containers Filled Up with Liquids
Iifi
IJ
'
TENGLER
of Metal Objects and RF Transparent
139
Jiri SVUB, Vladimir KEBO, Jakub UNUCKA, Lukas VOITECH
25 The Use of RFID Technology in Underground coal
Mines Environment
Vlaclimir
HoN, Milan ODRIHOCK! Miian KRPEC, purr"l
etNoa, Vlatlimir KEBo
-u-
t43
Paper
No.
paper Tifle and
Authors
page
26 The Use of Physical Model to Predict Surface Subsidence of prototype
using Dimensional Analysis
by
147
Tri KARIAN, Suseno KRAMADIBRATA, Budi SULISTIANTO
27 Stability Control of Roadway in Protected Seam of Deep High-gas
Multi-seams through Ascending Mining in China
154
Deyu QIAN, Takashi SASAOKA, Hideki SHIMADAV Kikuo MAISUf Cheng WANG
28 Mechanism of Localized Stress Concentration in Interlayer Rock Mass
Its Impact on Deep Multi-seam Mining
and
161
Mingwei ZHANG, Takashi SASAOKA' Hideki SHIMADA" Kikuo MATSUI
29 Geotechnical Issues of Narynsukhait open pit coal
Mine
TsedendorjAMARSAIKHAN, Ryo yAMAMoro, Akihiro HAMANAKA, Deyu
eIAN
Iakashi SASAOKA, Hideki SHIMAD& Kikuo MATSUI
30 Post Closure Water Quality Simulation of Mangkalapi
Mine, South Kalimantan, Indonesia.
pit in Batulicin
Coal
169
174
Sendy DWIKI, Rudy Sayoga GAUIAMA, Fatimah KOTEN
Hideki SHIMADA, Ginring Jatu KUSUMA
31 Preliminary
Assessment of Groundwater Contamination Hazard in Open
Coal Mine, Barito Timur, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
pit
180
Shofa Rijalul HAQ, Doni prakasa Eka pUTRA, Barlian DWINAGARA
32 Study of Silicate Coating on Pyrite Oxidation Suppression: Fundamental
Mechanism and Kinetic Analysis
I89
Hajime MIKI,Tsuyoshi HIRAIIMA, Mutia Dewi yuNIArI, Keiko sASAKI
33
Electrochemical Study of Silicate Coating on Sulphide Minerals
Suppression
Oxidation
1g3
Mutia Dewi YUNIATI, Tsuyoshi HIRAIIMA, Hajime MIKI, Keiko SASAKI
34 Atrnospheric Leaching
Behavior of East Java Chalcopyrite Ore in
Acid Solution and Hydrogen peroxide as Oxidizing Agent
Sulfuric
1g7
M.Z. MUBAROK A. DILOVA
35
Leaching Behavior of Nickel from Indonesian Nickel Laterite Ores
Atmospheric Acid Leaching Using Citric Acid
by
2oz
Widi ASTUTI, Tsuyoshi HIRAIIMA, Keiko SASAK! Naoko OKIBE
36 Purification of
MgCl2 Solution Generated By Leaching
Smelting Slag for preparation of MgO powder
of Ferronickel
2a6
A. YUDIARTO, M.Z. MUBAROK
37
Delineating Biodiversity Conservation Corridors Using Analytic Hierarchy
Process (AHP) and GIS: A Case Study in Thua Thien Hue province, Central
Vietnam
211
Nguyen Tien HOANG, pham Van HtIyNH, Katsuaki KOIKE
38
Construction of a GIS Comprehensive Base System for the Development,
Circulation and Utilization of Geospatial Information
PoPPy INDRAYANI, Yasuhiro MITANI, Ibrahim DJAMALLIDDIN and Hiro IKEMI
-111-
217
0n
[erut Scic[co and Isch[oloCy Zltto
Preliminary Assessment of Groundwater Contamination Hazard in Open
Pit coal Mine, Barito Timur, central Kalimantan, rndonesia
shofa Rijalur HAe', Doni prakasa Eka purRA2, Barlian DWINAGARA3
I
Postglaluate program of Georogicar Engineeiing of uGM, yogtakarta
2
Department of Geological Enginiering UbU, fog,,o*oio
3
Department of Mining Engineering of UpN ,,veteran,,, yog,,akarta
coal mining industry is an important sector n tn!!rsJ"Xt2!ono.," of Indonesia.
Many mining companies are
widespread in Indonesia, especially in Kalimantan iland. It is ,"cognired
that environmental'impacts of open
pit mines are not only natural landscape changing, but also human hf,alth
hazards. The mos;t sign'ificant of them
is the probability of groundwater contaminaiion. According to erwironmental
regulations in Indonesia, each
mining campony is obliged to have Environmental Impact Assessment (EIAI
document, beJbre starting
production' The purpose of this study is to assess groundwater contamination
hazard caused by mining
activities, as a part of EIA. Groundwater contamination hazard is evaluated
by combinrng the intrinsic
groundwater vulnerability and the contaminants loading in the
mine area. DRAST1c methoi is applied to
obtain the gtoundwater vulnerability, while contaminait loading potential
is evaluated based on stepwise
procedure application. The resubs of this study are groundwatei
iontamination hazard maps. Based on the
hazard of contaminants, it can be concluded th'at the ilighest ground.rte,
hazard area will be occurred at the
North of study area' Therefore, the mitigation for thi dociment of EIA will
be concerned there. Further
research may need to complete this preliminary study.
Keywords: EIA, Loading Coniqminant, Groundwater Vulnerability,
INTRODUCTION
Coal mining industry is important sector to
Indonesia. It is a substantial provider of export
eamings, economic activity and employment, and
supports regional development. Many mining
companies are widespread
in Indonesia. One area
in Indonesian where there are many coal mining
activities is Kalimantan Island. Study area is one of
the coal mining concessions located in Barito
Timur, Central Kalimantan (see Figure
l)-
The
company has a concession covering an area of
]000 Ha The coal target of its companl, is about
500,000 ton per month with open pit system. Open
pit coal mining is recognized as an activity ihar
causes
the
environmental degradation.
The
open pit Coal Mine, DRASTIC.
environmental impacts of open pit mines are not
only the changing ofthe natural landscape but also
human headth hazards. The most significant of
them is the groundwater contamination.
Based on environmental law in Indonesia number
32, 2009 about protection and management of the
and also several invironmental
of Indonesia, each mining company in
Indonesia is obliged to have the EiA document.
environment
regulations
The EIA document must be assessed by committee
first, before the company is allowed to start the
coal production. The purpose of this study is to
assess groundwater contamination hazard,, caused
by mining activity, as a part of EIA.
LOCATION MAP
vu
"-s\,
",$'
ffi
,
Oi*rrd Eoundn.y
Arei Study
Figure
l.
Location of Area Study
-iBO-
to Putra (2007), the groundwater
According
probably the most widely applied, scheme of
lulnerability assessment was developed in USA and
is defined as the probability
that groundwater in the aquifer will experience
contamination hazard
is known as the DRASTIC methodology (Aller et al.,
1987). It uses seven parameters in its calculation of
negative impacts flom a given anthropogenic activity
to
such level that its groundwater would become
unacceptable
"Vulnerability Index,, with each parameter being
for human consumption. The
most
logical approach to assess the groundwater
contamination hazard based on Foster & Hirata
(1988), Foster et al, (2002), Morris et al. (2003) is to
regard it as interaction between the contaminant
loading (that is,
will be, or, might be, applied
assigned a specific weight and rating values as shown
in Table l. The following seven parameters are depth
to
groundwater, net recharge, aquifer media, soil
of vadose zone. and
hydraulic conductivity. Vulnerability to
media, topography, impact
contamination is a dimensionless index function of
hydrogeological factor, anthropogenic infl uences and
source of contamination in any given area (pllnnale
and Angle, 2002): The r,ulnerability index consists of
seven parameters with difference weighting factors. It
is calculated based on Equation I below.
on
subsurface environment as a result of human activity)
and intrinsic groundwater vulnerability at the Iocation
concerned (See Figure 2).
7
V
il
trl
contributing to the contamination potential. The
original DRASTIC method published by Aller et al.
(1987) does not provide vulnerability classification
ranges. It allows the user to interpret the vulnerability
tffi
index using their own field knowledge
and
with Putra, 2013) Therefore, in this study,
the
hydrogeological experience (private communication
Figure 2. Groundwater contamination hazard as
interaction between groundwater vulnerability
and contaminant load (Morris et al., 2003)
The relationship between contaminant loading
potential (caused by mining activities), intrinsic
groundwater vulnerability and probability of
groundwater contamination in the area study is
needed to assess the environmental impact to
vulnerability index is using the classification system
from Civita and De Regibus 1995, Corniello et al.
1997. This classification system defines five classes
of vulnerability of DRASTIC:
.
.
.
.
.
groundwater as a part of document.
METHODOLOGY OF ASSESMENT
Intrinsic Groundwater Vulnerability
to
RiJ
Where tr/ is the index value, W'i is the weighting
coefficient for parameter i with an associated iating
value of R,. The DRASTIC parameters are weighted
from 1 to 5 according to their relative importance in
l';r-nrgnl
According
= L{Wix
Foster
"vulnerability" began
et al. (2002), the term
to be used intuitively in
Foster (1987) and Foster and Hirata (1988) developed
a rating method for a common evaluation of various
anthropogenic contamination sources.
is
The rating
based on the evaluation of four key
characteristics of the groundwater contamination
system
sources (Johansson and HiratE 2002):
1. Class of contaminants; t)?e of contaminants,
mobility and persistence properties of a
contaminant
in
respect
of its
potential to
contaminate groundwater.
2. Intensity of
extend
of
contaminants: concentrations and
contaminant, which load
to
the
subsurface.
3.
try to
Mode of disposition; refer to the vertical location
of
contaminant sources
hydraulic loading.
relate groundwater
contamination to land use activities (Javadi, 20ll).
Depend on Foster (1998), the best known, and
-181
High vulnerability (160-199),
Moderate vulnerability (120-159),
Low vulnerability (80-1 l9), and
Very low vulnerability (254)
9
(>18)
Shate
3
Limestore 3
Sand
peat
1
i41€2)
)
8
10
estore
6
sand$ore 6
shrinking
ciay
7
6
sandy Loa
m
6
6
L@m
4. Duration of
ht:4
DRAST lC Weig
ht:1
DRAST tC Weig
application; probability that
contaminant will be discharged and period or
intervals for which contaminant load ij applied.
In.the view of complexity of factors aiGcting
pollutant migration and uniqueness of. each field
situation, it would be logical to treat each activity
or source of individual merit and undertake
independent field investigations to assess
contaminant loading potential (Foster &. Hirata,
1988). However, such investigation will be of a
high cost and therefore simpler but consistent low
cost procedures are needed. A further complicating
factor is that contaminant loading potrniiul *ill
itself change with time, as humanlitivities at the
ground surface change (putra, 2007). There are
glty few comprehensive methods specifically
to quantiry the contaminant loading
potential. Modified method version according to
directed
l:huT.ron & Hirata (2002) is applied in this
st"udy
(See Figure 3). A relative ratingof the contaminant
loading potential of a source is differentiated in
five- classes: high, moderate high, moderate,
moderate low, and low. The final rating is obtained
by applying stepwise procedure ofthree evaluation
steps, the stepwise procedure promotes better
understanding of the evaluation process and
evaluates the result of the combination of
parameter at time . (Johansson andHirata,2002).
The first step is determination of contaminant
transport characteristic. At the first diagram, the
contaminant class is evaluated based on the
mobility and persistence of each contaminant in the
subsurface. At the second diagram, the mode
of
disposition of the contaminant is evaluated
according to relation between depth of contaminant
discharge
g
8ed ded
Ma$ive
$nd*ore
Ma$ive
Limestore
Limestore,Sa
6
to the groundwater surface and
the
ht:3
ndsttre
Sand and
g
Gravel
and
Gravel
Basalt
8
9
and
Ka rst
Limestore
10
Limestore 10
Sand
Weig
10
Sandstore,Lim
(>82
DRAST lC
d Absent
4
5
Bedded
-22.8J
Soil Media
lmpact ofvadose
% )
Rating
j
!'
l. DRASTIC W
Topog rap lry
DR AST
tc WeiB
5
W. Silt, Sand
Gravel 8
Basalt
9
Sitty
Clay
Loah
Loam
4
3
Kars,
fr:3
DR
ASI
rC
weig
ht:5
Muck
1
NoShrinking Clay
1
?p.4sr ta :..r.tE l-i- 2
hydraulic load of source. Contaminant transport is
a matrix combination of the contaminant class and
the mode of disposition.
The second step is determination of contamination
source strength. The relative contaminant load is
evaluated based on the proportion oflocal recharge
affected and the contaminant concentration, which
relative to WHO guidelines value. On the other
hand, the duration of contaminant load diagram
is
evaluated by the probability and the duration of
a
contaminant load. Each contaminant concentration
load is predicted by analogical data fiom effluent
groundwater in existing coal mine area.
is a matrix evaluation of the
contaminant transport obtained first step and
contamination source strength obtained in the
second step. The final result of these steps is
the
final classification of the potential groundwaler
The last step
contamination load of the contamination source.
Groundwater Contamination Hazard
groundwater wlnerability
After the
and
the
contaminant loading potential in mining concession
plan are assesSed, then continued byletermining
the groundwater contamination hazaid. According
to Putra (2007), the combination
between
groundwater vulnerability (natural factor
of hazard)
and contaminant loading potential (anthropogenic
factor
of
hazard) are proved scientifically
as
significant parameters- on estimating the probaLility
of contamination hazard. Therefore, matrix
evaluation (private communication
2013)
for
assessment
with
groundwater contamination
is applied in this study.
putra,
hazard,
Conceptual
stages to assess groundwater contamination
hazard,
in this study are presented in Figure 4.
-182-
l:
=
=t
i- l!IF
E
!, t-,L
I;
H
IJ
1l
M
M
M
M
M
-i
L
H
MH
MH
L
ML
u
ML
L
L
L
H
ML
L
M
M
MH
H
H
M
M
MH
H
H
M
L
ML
M
ML
L
L
ML
MH
M
M
t-l u
L I u
L
H
l\,tL r.a
M | rur
M
lrrar-l
M
MH
H
I
i:rtffe*ryrm
Maerare'----
,{
S*$95*'*"6t'
Figure 3' Stepwise proc€ss of obtaining the final rating of
contaminant loading potential (Johansson and
Hirata,2002, modified by putra, 20071
Contaminant
Loading
Potential
L
t[
Nt
\l]I
t!
L
r rt.
\IL
rot
Oes
ngs of
rnrGrnail0nil symrusium 0n
Iarth
:and leohnologu
2013
$cience
.i
lnamori [oundation Memorial Hall
l(yushu Uniuersity, Iulruofia, lasan
:,::,."'.
1 .t"- -
..
.
ffi-1r "r*
t' ':'r-=@q
...,:::1:e.+:,:::;.'+!
iirlili:.i\
0rganized by
Gooperative International Network for Earth Science and Technology (CINEST)
MAII'SUSHIMA CO.,LIfID.
Processing Institute of Japan (MM|J) Kyushu Branch
.of Goal Mining Technology
@
by CINEST
t*.:1.
;6
,
.
""'=:
Paper
Gontents
Paper Title and Authors
No.
page
Prenary Educating Managers and Leaders for Sustainable and Socially
I Mining in Africa
Responsible
l
Jean-Paul FRANZIDIS
Prenary Energy Efficiency Improvement Opportunities in the Mineral
II
Industry
3
Raj SINGHAL, Kostas FYTAS
01 Information and System Management in the Framework of the Project:
Innovation of Bc and Ms Study Programmes at the Faculty of Mining and
Geology, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava (INO HGF)
8
Oldrich KODYM
02 Development of New Type Expansion
Rock
Bolt
t4
Yun-Young Jeong, Sang-Ho Cho, Sang-Sun |eong
03 Visualization of Methane Flow in Area with Two Degassing
Boreholes
18
Pavel STASA, Oldrich KODYI4 Miroslav STOLBA
04 Study
on Estimation of Re-entry Time after Blasting in Underground
PT Cibaliung Sumberdaya, Indonesia
Mining
24
Sandro Flanaehan SIRAIT, Nuhindro Priagung WIDODO, Mikha SIMANIUNTAK
05 Support Design of Cut and Fill Mine Method at Underground Gold Mine
29
PURWANTO, Hideki SHIMAD& Takashi SASAOKA
Kikuo MAISUI, Ridho WATTIMENA
06 Discontinuity Spacing Correction Factor on Predicting Penetration
Rotary-Percussive Drill: The Laboratory Scale Model
Rate
of
37
Ganda M. SIMANGUNSONG, Prathama I. FEBRIANTO, Suseno KRAMADIBRATA
07 Bearing Capacity Correlation by Using Dynamic Cone Peneterometer
Test
43
and California Bearing Ratio Test for Mining Equipment Recommendation
Barlian DWINAGARA, Oktarian Wisnu LUSANTONO
0B Geotechnical Study for Optimizing the Outpit Dump at
Energi Open Pit Coal Mine
PT Bhumi
Rantau
48
Budi Sulistianto, Kristijuliantika Agustian, Tri Karian
Ginting Jalu Kusuma, Cecep H. Setiadi
09 Assigning Economic Values
on Mining blocks and Cut-off Grade 54
Determination by Break-Even Analysis: A Case Study of the Marampa Iron
Ore Deposit.
Abu-Bakarr ]allotr, Kyuro Sasaki
10 Recycling of Trash Mixture Tsunami Sludge by using Screening and
59
Improvement
Hiroshi TAKAHASHf Shinya IZUML Satoshi SHIBAT,! Masato MORI
11 Removal of Cesium, Cobalt, Strontium, or Some Other Metals Detected
Around Fukushima from the Aqueous Solution Using Microbial Cells
Takehiko TSURUTA" Kazluya SAWAMUKA| Ryohtaroh NAKAMURA
Shun OGASAWARA, Rie NATSUBORI Daishi UMENAI
-1-
64
Paper
No.
paper Titte and Authors
Page
12 A Preliminary study on the Simulation of the Effects of parameters
on
Hydraulic Fracturing of a Horizontal Well in a Shale-Oil
Reservoir
sujaree
70
woRAporpISAN, Chatsuda KULTAVEEWUTI, supol
]IARASUPHAT
Svein Tore OPDAL, Kreangkrai MANEEINTR
13 codeposition of Silica with suspended particles in porous
Loren TUSARA, Ryuichi
ITo!
Media
71
Yoshitaka KAWAHARA, Daisuke FUKUDA, osamu
KAT9
14 EoR Development Screening of A Heterogeneous Heavy_oir
Field
Southern of Oman Using Stejm Flooding
in
83
IbrahimAl HADABI, Kyuro SASAKI, yuichi SUGAI
15 Natural state Numerical Model of Lahendong Geothermal
Reservoir, North
87
Sulawesi, Indonesia
AIiASHAT Nurita putri HARDIANI, Ahmad yANf Ryuichi
ITOI
16 Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Flow and Heat rransportation
Krang Volcanic Area, Indonesia
Aiko HARADA' Ryuichi ITOf Boy yoseph
CSS Syah
in
93
ALAM
17 Recharge source and Groundwater Flow system in Mt.
Karang west Java,
Indonesia Based on the
Stable Isotopes
Boy Yoseph css syAH ALAI\{, Ryuichi
IToI, sachihiro TAGUCHI
18 Granitic Magmatism and Related ore Deposit in sulawesi,
Indonesia
Adi MAULANA, Kotaro YONEZU, Koichiro WATANABE
Akira IMAI
19 Sr-Nd-Hf Isotope Geochemistry of Early Yanshanian
Granitoids in Central
Nanling Region, south china: Impricafions foi
wigmatic Evorution
Tectonic
Environment
108
112
and
I
Huan LI, Koichiro WATANABE, Kotaro YONEZU
20 characterizations of
LREE or Nd Doped Aruminosirica Gers
Method for preparing a caribration cuive with
nigh ;..rru.v
JUNYA
21
KANEMITSU,
KOIATO
by
Sor_Ger
120
YONEZU, KOiChirO WAriruANg, TAKUShi
YOKOYAMA
RFID Technorogy in Industriar Environments
with Risk of Exprosion
pavel STAS,{
SVUB,
ZbynekKOCUR,Iakub UNUCKA
}iri
123
in Transportation systems of opencast
Mine
129
22 Utirization of RFID Technorogy
Filip BENEg pavel STASA,
Jiri SVLIB, Vladimir KEtsO
23 Reliability of Reading.in Management system Based
on AIDC Technorogy
for Special Goods and process-es. - ' ---'
]uraj VACLTLI6 peter KOLAROSZKL
24 Radio
Frequency Identification
Containers Filled Up with Liquids
Iifi
IJ
'
TENGLER
of Metal Objects and RF Transparent
139
Jiri SVUB, Vladimir KEBO, Jakub UNUCKA, Lukas VOITECH
25 The Use of RFID Technology in Underground coal
Mines Environment
Vlaclimir
HoN, Milan ODRIHOCK! Miian KRPEC, purr"l
etNoa, Vlatlimir KEBo
-u-
t43
Paper
No.
paper Tifle and
Authors
page
26 The Use of Physical Model to Predict Surface Subsidence of prototype
using Dimensional Analysis
by
147
Tri KARIAN, Suseno KRAMADIBRATA, Budi SULISTIANTO
27 Stability Control of Roadway in Protected Seam of Deep High-gas
Multi-seams through Ascending Mining in China
154
Deyu QIAN, Takashi SASAOKA, Hideki SHIMADAV Kikuo MAISUf Cheng WANG
28 Mechanism of Localized Stress Concentration in Interlayer Rock Mass
Its Impact on Deep Multi-seam Mining
and
161
Mingwei ZHANG, Takashi SASAOKA' Hideki SHIMADA" Kikuo MATSUI
29 Geotechnical Issues of Narynsukhait open pit coal
Mine
TsedendorjAMARSAIKHAN, Ryo yAMAMoro, Akihiro HAMANAKA, Deyu
eIAN
Iakashi SASAOKA, Hideki SHIMAD& Kikuo MATSUI
30 Post Closure Water Quality Simulation of Mangkalapi
Mine, South Kalimantan, Indonesia.
pit in Batulicin
Coal
169
174
Sendy DWIKI, Rudy Sayoga GAUIAMA, Fatimah KOTEN
Hideki SHIMADA, Ginring Jatu KUSUMA
31 Preliminary
Assessment of Groundwater Contamination Hazard in Open
Coal Mine, Barito Timur, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
pit
180
Shofa Rijalul HAQ, Doni prakasa Eka pUTRA, Barlian DWINAGARA
32 Study of Silicate Coating on Pyrite Oxidation Suppression: Fundamental
Mechanism and Kinetic Analysis
I89
Hajime MIKI,Tsuyoshi HIRAIIMA, Mutia Dewi yuNIArI, Keiko sASAKI
33
Electrochemical Study of Silicate Coating on Sulphide Minerals
Suppression
Oxidation
1g3
Mutia Dewi YUNIATI, Tsuyoshi HIRAIIMA, Hajime MIKI, Keiko SASAKI
34 Atrnospheric Leaching
Behavior of East Java Chalcopyrite Ore in
Acid Solution and Hydrogen peroxide as Oxidizing Agent
Sulfuric
1g7
M.Z. MUBAROK A. DILOVA
35
Leaching Behavior of Nickel from Indonesian Nickel Laterite Ores
Atmospheric Acid Leaching Using Citric Acid
by
2oz
Widi ASTUTI, Tsuyoshi HIRAIIMA, Keiko SASAK! Naoko OKIBE
36 Purification of
MgCl2 Solution Generated By Leaching
Smelting Slag for preparation of MgO powder
of Ferronickel
2a6
A. YUDIARTO, M.Z. MUBAROK
37
Delineating Biodiversity Conservation Corridors Using Analytic Hierarchy
Process (AHP) and GIS: A Case Study in Thua Thien Hue province, Central
Vietnam
211
Nguyen Tien HOANG, pham Van HtIyNH, Katsuaki KOIKE
38
Construction of a GIS Comprehensive Base System for the Development,
Circulation and Utilization of Geospatial Information
PoPPy INDRAYANI, Yasuhiro MITANI, Ibrahim DJAMALLIDDIN and Hiro IKEMI
-111-
217
0n
[erut Scic[co and Isch[oloCy Zltto
Preliminary Assessment of Groundwater Contamination Hazard in Open
Pit coal Mine, Barito Timur, central Kalimantan, rndonesia
shofa Rijalur HAe', Doni prakasa Eka purRA2, Barlian DWINAGARA3
I
Postglaluate program of Georogicar Engineeiing of uGM, yogtakarta
2
Department of Geological Enginiering UbU, fog,,o*oio
3
Department of Mining Engineering of UpN ,,veteran,,, yog,,akarta
coal mining industry is an important sector n tn!!rsJ"Xt2!ono.," of Indonesia.
Many mining companies are
widespread in Indonesia, especially in Kalimantan iland. It is ,"cognired
that environmental'impacts of open
pit mines are not only natural landscape changing, but also human hf,alth
hazards. The mos;t sign'ificant of them
is the probability of groundwater contaminaiion. According to erwironmental
regulations in Indonesia, each
mining campony is obliged to have Environmental Impact Assessment (EIAI
document, beJbre starting
production' The purpose of this study is to assess groundwater contamination
hazard caused by mining
activities, as a part of EIA. Groundwater contamination hazard is evaluated
by combinrng the intrinsic
groundwater vulnerability and the contaminants loading in the
mine area. DRAST1c methoi is applied to
obtain the gtoundwater vulnerability, while contaminait loading potential
is evaluated based on stepwise
procedure application. The resubs of this study are groundwatei
iontamination hazard maps. Based on the
hazard of contaminants, it can be concluded th'at the ilighest ground.rte,
hazard area will be occurred at the
North of study area' Therefore, the mitigation for thi dociment of EIA will
be concerned there. Further
research may need to complete this preliminary study.
Keywords: EIA, Loading Coniqminant, Groundwater Vulnerability,
INTRODUCTION
Coal mining industry is important sector to
Indonesia. It is a substantial provider of export
eamings, economic activity and employment, and
supports regional development. Many mining
companies are widespread
in Indonesia. One area
in Indonesian where there are many coal mining
activities is Kalimantan Island. Study area is one of
the coal mining concessions located in Barito
Timur, Central Kalimantan (see Figure
l)-
The
company has a concession covering an area of
]000 Ha The coal target of its companl, is about
500,000 ton per month with open pit system. Open
pit coal mining is recognized as an activity ihar
causes
the
environmental degradation.
The
open pit Coal Mine, DRASTIC.
environmental impacts of open pit mines are not
only the changing ofthe natural landscape but also
human headth hazards. The most significant of
them is the groundwater contamination.
Based on environmental law in Indonesia number
32, 2009 about protection and management of the
and also several invironmental
of Indonesia, each mining company in
Indonesia is obliged to have the EiA document.
environment
regulations
The EIA document must be assessed by committee
first, before the company is allowed to start the
coal production. The purpose of this study is to
assess groundwater contamination hazard,, caused
by mining activity, as a part of EIA.
LOCATION MAP
vu
"-s\,
",$'
ffi
,
Oi*rrd Eoundn.y
Arei Study
Figure
l.
Location of Area Study
-iBO-
to Putra (2007), the groundwater
According
probably the most widely applied, scheme of
lulnerability assessment was developed in USA and
is defined as the probability
that groundwater in the aquifer will experience
contamination hazard
is known as the DRASTIC methodology (Aller et al.,
1987). It uses seven parameters in its calculation of
negative impacts flom a given anthropogenic activity
to
such level that its groundwater would become
unacceptable
"Vulnerability Index,, with each parameter being
for human consumption. The
most
logical approach to assess the groundwater
contamination hazard based on Foster & Hirata
(1988), Foster et al, (2002), Morris et al. (2003) is to
regard it as interaction between the contaminant
loading (that is,
will be, or, might be, applied
assigned a specific weight and rating values as shown
in Table l. The following seven parameters are depth
to
groundwater, net recharge, aquifer media, soil
of vadose zone. and
hydraulic conductivity. Vulnerability to
media, topography, impact
contamination is a dimensionless index function of
hydrogeological factor, anthropogenic infl uences and
source of contamination in any given area (pllnnale
and Angle, 2002): The r,ulnerability index consists of
seven parameters with difference weighting factors. It
is calculated based on Equation I below.
on
subsurface environment as a result of human activity)
and intrinsic groundwater vulnerability at the Iocation
concerned (See Figure 2).
7
V
il
trl
contributing to the contamination potential. The
original DRASTIC method published by Aller et al.
(1987) does not provide vulnerability classification
ranges. It allows the user to interpret the vulnerability
tffi
index using their own field knowledge
and
with Putra, 2013) Therefore, in this study,
the
hydrogeological experience (private communication
Figure 2. Groundwater contamination hazard as
interaction between groundwater vulnerability
and contaminant load (Morris et al., 2003)
The relationship between contaminant loading
potential (caused by mining activities), intrinsic
groundwater vulnerability and probability of
groundwater contamination in the area study is
needed to assess the environmental impact to
vulnerability index is using the classification system
from Civita and De Regibus 1995, Corniello et al.
1997. This classification system defines five classes
of vulnerability of DRASTIC:
.
.
.
.
.
groundwater as a part of document.
METHODOLOGY OF ASSESMENT
Intrinsic Groundwater Vulnerability
to
RiJ
Where tr/ is the index value, W'i is the weighting
coefficient for parameter i with an associated iating
value of R,. The DRASTIC parameters are weighted
from 1 to 5 according to their relative importance in
l';r-nrgnl
According
= L{Wix
Foster
"vulnerability" began
et al. (2002), the term
to be used intuitively in
Foster (1987) and Foster and Hirata (1988) developed
a rating method for a common evaluation of various
anthropogenic contamination sources.
is
The rating
based on the evaluation of four key
characteristics of the groundwater contamination
system
sources (Johansson and HiratE 2002):
1. Class of contaminants; t)?e of contaminants,
mobility and persistence properties of a
contaminant
in
respect
of its
potential to
contaminate groundwater.
2. Intensity of
extend
of
contaminants: concentrations and
contaminant, which load
to
the
subsurface.
3.
try to
Mode of disposition; refer to the vertical location
of
contaminant sources
hydraulic loading.
relate groundwater
contamination to land use activities (Javadi, 20ll).
Depend on Foster (1998), the best known, and
-181
High vulnerability (160-199),
Moderate vulnerability (120-159),
Low vulnerability (80-1 l9), and
Very low vulnerability (254)
9
(>18)
Shate
3
Limestore 3
Sand
peat
1
i41€2)
)
8
10
estore
6
sand$ore 6
shrinking
ciay
7
6
sandy Loa
m
6
6
L@m
4. Duration of
ht:4
DRAST lC Weig
ht:1
DRAST tC Weig
application; probability that
contaminant will be discharged and period or
intervals for which contaminant load ij applied.
In.the view of complexity of factors aiGcting
pollutant migration and uniqueness of. each field
situation, it would be logical to treat each activity
or source of individual merit and undertake
independent field investigations to assess
contaminant loading potential (Foster &. Hirata,
1988). However, such investigation will be of a
high cost and therefore simpler but consistent low
cost procedures are needed. A further complicating
factor is that contaminant loading potrniiul *ill
itself change with time, as humanlitivities at the
ground surface change (putra, 2007). There are
glty few comprehensive methods specifically
to quantiry the contaminant loading
potential. Modified method version according to
directed
l:huT.ron & Hirata (2002) is applied in this
st"udy
(See Figure 3). A relative ratingof the contaminant
loading potential of a source is differentiated in
five- classes: high, moderate high, moderate,
moderate low, and low. The final rating is obtained
by applying stepwise procedure ofthree evaluation
steps, the stepwise procedure promotes better
understanding of the evaluation process and
evaluates the result of the combination of
parameter at time . (Johansson andHirata,2002).
The first step is determination of contaminant
transport characteristic. At the first diagram, the
contaminant class is evaluated based on the
mobility and persistence of each contaminant in the
subsurface. At the second diagram, the mode
of
disposition of the contaminant is evaluated
according to relation between depth of contaminant
discharge
g
8ed ded
Ma$ive
$nd*ore
Ma$ive
Limestore
Limestore,Sa
6
to the groundwater surface and
the
ht:3
ndsttre
Sand and
g
Gravel
and
Gravel
Basalt
8
9
and
Ka rst
Limestore
10
Limestore 10
Sand
Weig
10
Sandstore,Lim
(>82
DRAST lC
d Absent
4
5
Bedded
-22.8J
Soil Media
lmpact ofvadose
% )
Rating
j
!'
l. DRASTIC W
Topog rap lry
DR AST
tc WeiB
5
W. Silt, Sand
Gravel 8
Basalt
9
Sitty
Clay
Loah
Loam
4
3
Kars,
fr:3
DR
ASI
rC
weig
ht:5
Muck
1
NoShrinking Clay
1
?p.4sr ta :..r.tE l-i- 2
hydraulic load of source. Contaminant transport is
a matrix combination of the contaminant class and
the mode of disposition.
The second step is determination of contamination
source strength. The relative contaminant load is
evaluated based on the proportion oflocal recharge
affected and the contaminant concentration, which
relative to WHO guidelines value. On the other
hand, the duration of contaminant load diagram
is
evaluated by the probability and the duration of
a
contaminant load. Each contaminant concentration
load is predicted by analogical data fiom effluent
groundwater in existing coal mine area.
is a matrix evaluation of the
contaminant transport obtained first step and
contamination source strength obtained in the
second step. The final result of these steps is
the
final classification of the potential groundwaler
The last step
contamination load of the contamination source.
Groundwater Contamination Hazard
groundwater wlnerability
After the
and
the
contaminant loading potential in mining concession
plan are assesSed, then continued byletermining
the groundwater contamination hazaid. According
to Putra (2007), the combination
between
groundwater vulnerability (natural factor
of hazard)
and contaminant loading potential (anthropogenic
factor
of
hazard) are proved scientifically
as
significant parameters- on estimating the probaLility
of contamination hazard. Therefore, matrix
evaluation (private communication
2013)
for
assessment
with
groundwater contamination
is applied in this study.
putra,
hazard,
Conceptual
stages to assess groundwater contamination
hazard,
in this study are presented in Figure 4.
-182-
l:
=
=t
i- l!IF
E
!, t-,L
I;
H
IJ
1l
M
M
M
M
M
-i
L
H
MH
MH
L
ML
u
ML
L
L
L
H
ML
L
M
M
MH
H
H
M
M
MH
H
H
M
L
ML
M
ML
L
L
ML
MH
M
M
t-l u
L I u
L
H
l\,tL r.a
M | rur
M
lrrar-l
M
MH
H
I
i:rtffe*ryrm
Maerare'----
,{
S*$95*'*"6t'
Figure 3' Stepwise proc€ss of obtaining the final rating of
contaminant loading potential (Johansson and
Hirata,2002, modified by putra, 20071
Contaminant
Loading
Potential
L
t[
Nt
\l]I
t!
L
r rt.
\IL
rot
Oes