Seismic Microzonation For Urban Planning and Vulnerability Assessment OF non-Engineered Struture in Earthquake Prone Area, Padang, Indonesia - Universitas Negeri Padang Repository

  

SEE 2017 USQ SPRINGFIELD BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA

SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENT

  i PROCEEDINGS OF THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE – SEE 2017 SCIENCE, ENGINEERING & ENVIRONMENT USQ SPRINGFIELD BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA 13-15 November, 2017

  Science, Engineering and Environment Edited by Prof. Dr. Zakaria Hossain Graduate School of Bioresources Mie University, Japan Dr. Jim Shiau School of Civil Engineering and Surveying University of Southern Queensland, Australia

THE GEOMATE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY

  ii Copyright @ 2017 by The GEOMATE International Society All rights reserved. In principle, no part of this publication or the information contained herein may be reproduced in any form or by any means, translated in any language, stored in any data base or retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Disclaimer: The editors and the publisher have tried their best effort to ensure the integrity and the quality of this publication and information herein. However, they give no warranty of any kind, expressed or implied with regard to the material contained in this book, and will not be liable in any event for the consequences of its use.

  Published by: The GEOMATE International Society Tsu city, Mie, Japan E-mail: society@geomate.org http://www.geomate.org/

  ISBN Number: 978-4-9905958-9-0 C3051 iii

  Third International Conference on Science, Engineering & Environment, USQ Springfield Brisbane, Australia, Nov.21-23, 2017, ISBN: 978-4-9905958-9-0 C3051 Table of Contents

  Preface

  xi

  Organization

  xii

  ID Keynote Papers

  1 MECHANICS OF GEOSYNTHETICS SUBJECTED TO CHEMICAL EXPOSURE: EXPERIMENTS,

  2

  1k CONSTITUTIVE MODELS AND COMPUTATIONS A.P.S. Selvadurai MEETING THE CHALLENGES OF ENGINEERING A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE

  12

  2k David Thorpe STATISTICS FOR EVIDENCE-BASED DECISIONS – USE, MISUSE AND ABUSE

  22

  3k Shahjahan Khan and M Ashraf Memon

  31 Technical Papers

  32 ID Science

  SEA LEVEL IN A CHANGING CLIMATE

  33

  3522 Maria McCrann, Dr John Russell, Dr Daniela Ionescu and Dr Bandita Mainali EBOLA VIRAL PROTEIN 24 (VP24) INHIBITOR DISCOVERY BY IN SILICO FRAGMENT-BASED

  3534 Syafrida Siregar, Erwin Prasetya Toepak, Usman Sumo Friend Tambunan FRAGMENT-BASED LEAD COMPOUND DESIGN TO INHIBIT EBOLA VP35 THROUGH COMPUTATIONAL STUDIES

  39 DESIGN

  45

  3535 Atika Marnolia, Erwin Prasetya Toepak, Usman Sumo Friend Tambunan DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIFIC ELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSOR BASED ON CHITOSAN MODIFIED

  3547 Porntip Wongkaew, Buddhapala Wongkaew, Suwita Saepaisan, and Panupong Thanutong A BASIC STUDY ON FLUID PREDICTION OF MORTAR WITH VARIOUS POWDERS

  51 SCREEN PRINTED CARBON ELECTRODE FOR THE MONITORING OF CAPTAN FUNGICIDE

  57

  3548 Yuki takagi, Koji Takasu, Hidehiro Koyamada and Hiroki Suyama PHYTOCHEMICALS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF THAI RED RICE SEEDS FROM DIFFERENT

  62

  3549 CULTIVATED AREAS Muntana Nakornriab, Jiraporn Krasaetep, Maratree Plainsirichai and Sisikka Wannajun A STUDY ON PROPERTIES OF MORTAR WITH FLY ASH REMOVED UNBURNED CARBON BY

  3550 Rika Oie, Koji Takasu, Hidehiro Koyamada and Hiroki Suyama iv

  67 FLOTATION METHOD A STUDY ON PROPERTIES OF WITH FLY ASH REMOVED UNBURNED CARBON BY FLOTATION

  3551 Yuto Murakami, Koji Takasu, Hidehiro Koyamada and Hiroki Suyama CHARACTERIZATION OF CERIUM OXIDE-CHITOSAN NANOCOMPOSITE–MODIFIED SCREEN

  72 METHOD

  77

  3559 PRINTED CARBON ELECTRODE AND APPLICATION IN MELATONIN DETERMINATION Pachanuporn Sunon, Porntip Wongkaew, Jeffrey Johns, Nutjaree Johns COMPARISON OF HEART RATE VARIABILITY BETWEEN PATIENTS WITH MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER AND NORMAL SUBJECTS

  83

  3564 Warangkana Chompoopan, Sipanut Silaket, Wichai Eungpinichpong, Suwanna Arunpongpaisal and Niramol Patjanasoontorn EFFECT OF ARM SWING EXERCISES ON CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE AND BALANCE OF

  87

  3566 OLDER WOMEN Worawut Chompoopan, Piyathida Kuhirunyaratn PLASTIC FLOW HETEROGENEITY AND FAILURE OF BIMETAL MATERIAL

  91

  3578 Svetlana Barannikova, Lev Zuev1and Yulia Li SEARCHING OF NEW ANTIVIRAL COMPOUNDS OF SUDAN EBOLAVIRUS GLYCOPROTEIN BASED ON FLAVONOID COMPOUNDS USING IN SILICO METHODS

  97

  3606 Rendy Pramuda Putra, Ahmad Husein Alkaff, Mochammad Arfin Fardiansyah Nasution and Agustinus C. B. Kantale, and Usman Sumo Friend Tambunan NEW ESTIMATION IN AR MODELS WITH EXPONENTIAL WHITE NOISE BY USING REVERSIBLE

  103

  JUMP MCMC ALGORITHM 3622

  Suparman ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF INDIAN HORNBILLS WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO NARCONDAM HORNBILL (ACEROS NARCONDAMI) OCCURRING ON NARCONDAM ISLAND OF

  107

  3623 ANDAMAN& NICOBAR ISLAND ARCHIPELAGO Hafiz S.A. Yahya THE IMMEDIATE EFFECTS OF FOOT MASSAGE WITH COCONUT SHELL ON PRESSURE PAIN

  113

  3630 THRESHOLD AND FOOT GRIP STRENGTH IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS: A PILOT STUDY Laojeenwong P, Eungpinichpong W MOCAF TEMPEH DATES BISCUIT FOR THE IMPROVEMENT NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF UNDERWEIGHT CHILDREN

  117

  3633 Fatmah SPATIAL VARIATION OF WATRBIRDS IN PALLAI AND THADDUVANKODDY IN THE NORTHERN

  124

  PROVINCE, SRI LANKA 3637

  G. Kandasamy, D. K. Weerakoon, and A. Sivaruban FACTORS RELATED TO SELF-CARE ABILITY AMONG ELDERLY WOMEN IN SEMI-URBAN

  130 3645 COMMUNITIES, KHON KAEN, THAILAND.

  Kanchana Nimsuntorn, Piyathida Kuhirunyaratn and Kanaporn Tansriprapasiri

  IMMEDIATE EFFECTS OF THAI MASSAGE ON GAIT PARAMETERS IN NORMAL ADULTS: A PILOT

  136

  STUDY Nutthanun Tatchananusorn, Wichai Eungpinichpong, Uraiwan Chatchawan and 3646

  Donlaya Promkaew THAI MASSAGE COMBINED WITH MUSCLE ENERGY AND PASSIVE STATIC STRENGTHING TECHNIQUE COULD IMPROVE HEIGHT OF SEPAKTAKRAW SERVES

  140

  3648 Apichat Deeminoi, Dr.Wichai Eungpinichpong, Dr.Maitree Pakarasang, Dr.Thanarat Sripongngam A STUDY OF THE CORRELATION BETWEEN FOUR CLINICAL TRIALS FOR THE MEASUREMENT

  146

  OF HAMSTRING MUSCLE FLEXIBILITY 3652

  Apichat Deeminoi, Dr.ThanaratSripongngam EFFECTS OF KAEMPFERIA PARVIFLORA ON PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESSES IN ADULTS

  150

  3665 Wichai Eungpinichpong, Uraiwan Chatchawan, Bung-orn Sripanidkulchai Suwanna Arunpongpaisal v

  DEVELOPMENT OF POLY (D, L-LACTIC ACID) WITH POLYBENZOXAZINE VIA SOLUTION

  154

  BLENDING 3673

  Kansiri Pakkethati and Yodthong Baimark BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN CHEMICAL INGRADIENTS OF SILK COCOONS UNDER

  159

  3677 ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS H.N.P. Singh, Sunita Kumari and M.M. Prasad ACUTE EFFECTS OF TRADITONAL THAI MASSAGE ON HEART RATE VARIABILITY, HEART RATE

  163

  AND SALIVARY ALPHA AMYLASE 3711

  Jaruk Keawsod Wichai Eungpinichpong

  166 Engineering

  ID

  SHEAR STRENGTH OF SOIL BY USING SHELL HUSKS WASTE AS RECYCLE AGGREGATE

  167

  3503 Siti Hanggita Rachmawati, Zakaria Hossain ANALYTICAL STUDY ON SINGLE PILE DESIGN FOR SOLAR FOUNDATIONS FOR SLOPING LAND.

  172

  3504 Alex Otieno Owino, Hossain, M.Z., Ojiro C., Ozumi, S., Harada, H. and Okuyama, S.

  EXPERIMENTAL BEHAVIORAL INSPECTION OF COMPOSITE CONCRETE-OPEN WEB EXPANDED

  178

  STEEL BEAMS EXPOSED TO STATIC LOADING 3510

  Nazar K. Oukaili and Seezar Sh. Abdullah RESIDENTIAL CUSTOMER DEMAND RESPONSE PROGRAM IN MICROGRID SYSTEM: A SURVEY

  184

  3512 LITERATURE Ignatius Rendroyoko, and Ngapuli I Sinisuka CRACKING AND DEFORMABILITY OF BONDED AND UNBONDED PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BEAMS UNDER MONOTONIC STATIC LOADING

  190

  3514 Nazar K. Oukaili and Mohammed M. Khattab DISTRIBUTED MODEL OF HYDROLOGICAL AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORT PROCESS IN

  196

  MEKONG RIVER BASIN 3515

  Zuliziana Suif, Chihiro Yoshimura, Nordila Ahmad and Sengheng Hul EVALUATION OF PIER-SCOUR PREDICTIONS FOR WIDE PIERS USING FIELD DATA

  202

  3516 Nordila Ahmad, Bruce W. Melville, Thamer Mohammad, Zuliziana Suif MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ARTIFICIAL STONE MADE FROM WASTE OF SILICEOUS

  208

  TUFF 3521

  Hiroaki Shigematsu and Shogo Hashimoto

  3 DIMENSION REAL TIME IMAGES OF RAINFALL INFILTRATION INTO UNSATURATED SOIL

  214

  3528 SLOPE Aniza Ibrahim, Irfana Kabir Ahmad, Hapsa Husen, Jestin Jelani1and Mohd. Raihan Taha STEREO ECHO CANCELLATION USING ADAPTIVE NON-LINEAR NETWORK FILTER FOR HOME

  219

  THEATRE ROOM 3529

  Sunisa Kunarak FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF EWECS COLUMNS WITH VARYING SHEAR SPAN RATIO

  224

  3530 Fauzan, Ruddy Kurniawan and Zev Al Jauhari EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON BOX-UP COLD-FORMED STEEL COLUMNS IN FIRE

  231

  Fadhluhartini Muftah, Mohd Syahrul Hisyam Mohd Sani, Ahmad Rasidi Osman, Shahrin 3538

  Mohammad, Shek Poi Ngian vi

  EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF COLD-FORMED STEEL CHANNEL SECTION WITH NOTCH

  237

  3539 Mohd Syahrul Hisyam Mohd Sani, Fadhluhartini Muftah, Muhammad Isha Ismail A REVIEW OF UNEXPECTED LARGE SLOPE FAILURES

  243

  3542 Marthinus Sonnekus and John Victor Smith THE EFFECT OF STEEL FIBERS EXTRACTED FROM WASTE TYRE ON CONCRETE CONTAINING

  249

  3563 PALM OIL FUEL ASH Fauzan, Febrin Anas Ismail and Rio Sandi ACCURACY OF CENTRALIZED AND DECENTRALIZED MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS TOWARDS AN

  254

  INDUSTRY 4.0’S PERSPECTIVE 3574 Poonpakdee, P. , Koiwanit, J., Yuangyai, C.

  NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF NONLINEAR MODEL OF SFRC SLAB AND NONLINEAR SUBSOIL

  260

  3576 MODEL IN INTERACTION Jana VASKOVA, Radim CAJKA AN OVERVIEW OF THE IMPACTS OF SUSTAINABLE HOUSING DESIGN ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY

  266

  OF THE AUSTRALIAN HOUSING 3583

  Javad Asad Poor , David Thorpe, Yong Goh

  VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF SURIGAO METRO WATER DISTRICT UNDER SEISMIC HAZARD

  276

  3590 Sheena I. Better and Lessandro Estelito O. Garciano A COMPARISON OF ESTIMATED SHEAR STRENGTH OF SOUTH-EAST QUEENSLAND RESIDUAL SOIL USING FIELD AND LABORATORY TESTING

  283

  3591 Darren Newell and Choo Yong STUDY ON LANDSLIDE CATEGORY BASE ON TEMPORAL– SPATIAL CHARACTERISTIC

  287

  3593 DISTRIBUTION IN NORTHERN VIETNAM USING SATELLITE IMAGES Thuy Thi Thanh LE and Seiki KAWAGOE THE QUALITY ANALYSIS OF BICYCLE ROUTES FOR SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY IN THE 3597 WESTERN ZONE OF RIO DE JANEIRO

  293

  Guilherme Marins Pessanha, Jaime Massaguer Hidalgo Jr COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PAVEMENT FRICTION PREDICTION MODELS

  299

  3599 Luciana Omar, Karim Ismail and Abd El Halim O. Abd El Halim APPLICATION OF MEMETIC ALGORITHM FOR SOLVING THE VEHICLE ROUTING PROBLEM

  305

  3608 WITH TIME WINDOWS Chaowalit Hamontree , Jiraporn Chuenjai and Nawaporn Chamnanketgorn THE EFFECT OF MODEL DOMAIN SIZE FOR UNSUPPORTED PLAIN STRAIN TUNNEL HEADINGS

  309

  3614

  IN UNDRAINED CLAY Jim Shiau, Fadhil Al-Asadi APPLICATION OF HEC-RAS AND ARC GIS FOR FLOODPLAIN MAPPING IN SEGAMAT TOWN,

  315

  3656 MALAYSIA Noor Suraya Romali, Zulkifli Yusop and Ahmad Zuhdi Ismail EFFECT OF SATURATION ON STRENGTH BEHAVIOR OF SOAPSTONE

  321

  3658 Ravikant R Singh, Darga Kumar Nandyala and Faijal Ali MEASUREMENT ACCURACY OF ORIENTATION CODE MATCHING FOR SLOPE DEFORMATION

  327

  3659 MONITORING Takeshi YAMAMOTO, Keigo KOIZUMI, Kazuhiro ODA, and Yoshio FUKUDA vii

  NANOSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE IMMOBILIZING CHITOSAN MODIFIED SCREEN PRINTED CARBON ELECTRODE BY ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY

  332

  3670 Buddhapala Wongkaew, Porntip Wongkaew, Panupong Thanutong and Chitsanuphong Thanutong COLUMN BASED INFILTRATION EXPERIMENT FOR CONSIDERING INITIAL QUASI-SATURAETED

  VOLUMETRIC WATER CONTENT DUE TO DEFFERENCES OF WATER SPRAY INTENSITY AND

  338

  3672 GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION Hiroshi Kita, Keigo Koizumi and Kazuhiro Oda and Mitsuru Komatsu ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF BIOMASS POWER PLANTS FOR SUSTAINABILITY IN THAILAND Manutchanok Jongprasithporn, Adisak Martsri, Supapat

  342

  3683 Phuangkaew, Wannapong Yeamma, and Nantakrit Yodpijit THE DESIGN OF AN ALTERNATIVE ENERGY DATABASE IN THAILAND

  348

  3686 Manutchanok Jongprasithporn,Supapat Phuangkaew, Siravitch Atipatha, and Nantakrit Yodpijit NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF 2D TRAPDOOR STABILITY

  354

  3691 Jim Shiau, Mohammad Mirza Hassan

  INSTALLATION CONSTRAINTS OF SUCTION ASSISTED FOUNDATIONS AND ANCHORS FOR

  360

  3695 OFFSHORE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT Kingsley Osezua Akeme, Alireza Rezagholilou and Meysam Banimahd DIFFERNTIAL THERMAL ANALYSIS OF PMMA (POLY METHYL METHACRYLATE) -

  368

  EXPERIMENTAL CONCERNS 3706

  Sam M Dakka

  INVESTIGATION OF CURING PERIOD OF CEMENTITIOUS ADHESIVE AND PERFORMANCE OF

  373

  3717 RUST PREVENTION YoichiMimura, Vanissorn Vimonsatit and Isamu Yoshitake REGIONAL DEPOSITION CHARACTERISTICS OF NANOPARTICLES IN A RAT NASAL CAVITY

  379

  3721 Yidan Shang, Jingliang Dong, Kiao Inthavong and Jiyuan Tu SEGMENTATION OF PAP SMEAR IMAGES TO IDENTIFY AND DETECT CERVICAL CANCER

  383

  3733 Vasundhara Acharya, Preetham Kumar

  390

  ID Environment

  NUTRIENT LOADS AND SELF-REMEDIATION ASSESSMENT IN KHLONG RUNGSIT TAI, PATHUM

  391

  3506 THANI PROVINCE, THAILAND Boontarika Thongdonphum, Kittima Vanichkul, Saming Champasri and Jirapon Kulkham

  INFLUENCE OF ABIOTIC STRESS FACTORS ON BLACKCURRANT RESISTANCE TO PESTS

  395

  3517

  I.V. Mashkova, T.G. Krupnova, A.M. Kostryukova USING BIRCH LEAVES TO INDICATE AIR POLLUTION

  399

  3518 T.G. Krupnova, I.V. Mashkova and A.M. Kostryukova STUDY OF SYNANTHROPIC PLANTS OF THE SOUTH URAL

  405

  3519 A.M. Kostryukova, I.V. Mashkova, T.G. Krupnova and E.E. Shchelkanova A STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LIQUID SMOKE PRODUCED FROM PALM KERNEL SHELLS

  411

  3531

  IN INHIBITING BLACK POD DISEASE IN CACAO FRUIT IN VITRO M. Faisal, Tjut Chamzurni, Hiroyuki Daimon viii

  HEAVY METALS IN MICROALGAE BIOMASS ADDED WITH DIFFERENT CONCENTRATION OF WET MARKET WASTEWATER

  417

  3543 Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed, Najeeha Apandi, Siti Nor Hidayah Arifin, A.A.S.

  Al-Gheethi and Amir Hashim Mohd Kassim

  INFLUENCING PARAMETER OF SELF PURIFICATION PROCESS IN THE URBAN AREA OF

  422

  3546 CIKAPUNDUNG RIVER, INDONESIA Yonik Meilawati Yustiani, Mia Nurkanti, Neneng Suliasih and Annisa Novantri THE PHYSICAL MICROHABITAT REQUIREMENTS OF FRESHWATER MUSSEL, WESTRALUNIO

  426

  3562 CARTERI, (BIVALVIA: HYRIIDAE) IN SOUTH-WESTERN AUSTRALIA Le Ma1, Alan Lymbery, Stephen Beatty and David Morgan EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VIRGINIA BUTTONWEED FOR EROSION CONTROL OF DAM RESERVOIR SLOPES IN JAPAN.

  432

  3567 Taizo Uchida, Yuya Imamura, Yoshifumi Kochi, Mamoru Yamada, Kunihiko Fukaura, Aki Matsumoto, William T. Haller and Lyn A. Gettys NANOCOMPOSITE WITH DUAL FUNCTIONALITY IN SIMULTANEOUS REMOVAL OF HEAVY

  437

  3577 METALS, DYE AND ANIONIC SURFACTANT FROM MULTICOMPONENT WASTEWATER Maria Visa, Nicoleta Popa, Andreea Maria Chelaru EFFECT OF WATER ACTIVITY ON ENZYMES ADSORBED ON BIOMASS CHARCOAL IN ORGANIC 3600 MEDIA

  443

  Hidetaka Noritomi, Jumpei Nishigami, Nobuyuki Endo, Satoru Kato and Katsumi Uchiyama EVALUATION OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE IN LOBLAW

  449

  3602 COMPANIES LIMITED IN CANADA Koiwanit, J., Chan, V. K., Piewkhow, L., Katipelly, N. D.

  AN EVALUATION FOR EFFECTIVE PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN EIA IN THAILAND

  455

  3611 Chutarat Chompunth ACHIEVING WATER SENSITIVE CITY CONCEPT THROUGH MUSRENBANG MECHANISM IN 3649 SURABAYA CITY, INDONESIA

  462

  Eddy Setiadi Soedjono, Nurina Fitriani, Rifda Rahman, I Made Wahyu Wijaya THE STUDY ON MITIGATION METHOD OF BEACH EROSION USING THE CORAL CELLS

  467

  3651 Sang Kil Park, Hong Bum Park, Kyeong Mo Lim THE DESCRIPTION OF LIGHTING ENVIRONMENTAL ON THE URBAN STREET

  473

  3662 Shuto Takeuchi, Kazunari Tanaka and Shin Yoshikawa SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: A THEORETICAL 3684 APPROACH OF REGULATION

  477

  Lindrianasari, Mahatma Kufepaksi, Yuztitya Asmaranti, and Agrianti Komalasari ASSESSMENT OF URBAN CLIMATE CHANGE IN IPOH CITY, PERAK, MALAYSIA

  482

  3688 Mohd Hairy Ibrahim, Mazlini Adnan, Nor Kalsum Mohd Isa & Kamarul Ismail, TREND OF DAILY RAINFALL AND TEMPERATURE IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA BASED ON

  488

  3707 GRIDDED DATA SET Chee-Loong Wong, Zulkifli Yusop, Tarmizi Ismail SPATIO-TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF LAND USE AND LAND COVER CHANGES IN ARID REGION OF

  496

  3708 SAUDI ARABIA Eman Albalawi, Ashraf Dewan and Robert Corner ix

  COMPARISON OF LUNG DAMAGES DUE TO PETROL AND DIESEL CAR SMOKE EXPOSURES:

  502

  3718 HISTOLOGICAL STUDY Wardoyo, Arinto Y.P.a, Juswono, Unggul P., Noor, Johan A. E.

  SPATIAL VARIATIONS OF SURFACE WATER QUALITY AND POLLUTION SOURCES IN KHLONG

  508

  3723 U-TAPAO RIVER BASIN Saudee Maprasit, Chaisri Suksaroj, Vichit Rangpan, and Rotchanatch Darnsawasdi DIVESIRY AND POLLEN MORPHOLGY OF IMPORTANT TREE SPECIES OF RANIKOT FORT, SINDH,

  514 3724 PAKISTAN.

  Nabila Shah Jilani, S.S Hassney, Muhammad Tahir Rajput and Feroza shar Baloch RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PAVEMENT TEXTURE AND MOVEMENT

  517

  3727 Yuki OGIMOTO,Kazunari TANAKA and shin YOSHIKAWA REMOVAL AMMONIA FROM LANDFILL LEACHATE USING ULTRASONIC IRRADIATION PROCESS

  521

  3728 Sartaj M., Tobalt A., and Kennedy K.

  THE IMPLEMENTATION OF WATER SENSITIVE CITY AT DEPOK -MIDDLE CITY IN INDONESIA

  524

  3729 Firdaus Ali, Irene Sondang, Esty Suyanti and Ahmad Zubair RISK MAPPING STUDIES OF HYDRO-METEOROLOGICAL HAZARD IN DEPOK MIDDLE CITY

  528

  3730 R. Jachrizal Soemabrata, Ahmad Zubair, Irene Sondang and Esty Suyanti ROLE OF GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SECTOR IN MARINE ECOTOURISM RELATED TO CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY IN SERIBU ISLANDS 534

  3698 Lily Surayya Eka Putri and Kristiyanto SEISMIC MICROZONATION FOR URBAN PLANNING AND VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF

  540

  NON-ENGINEERED STRUTURE IN EARTHQUAKE PRONE AREA, PADANG, INDONESIA 3689

  Rusnardi Rahmat Putra, Junji Kiyono, Ganefri Fahmi Rijal and Syahril

RAINWATER HARVESTING STUDY AT MASJID JAMEK RIYAHDUS SOLIHIN, PINTAS

  54

  3545

PUDING, BATU PAHAT JOHOR MALAYSIA

  9 Amir Hashim Mohd Kassim, Siti Mariam Sulaiman, Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed

  and Adel Ali Saeed Al Gheethi Authors Index x

  Third International Conference on Science, Engineering & Environment, USQ Springfield Brisbane, Australia, Nov.13-15, 2017, ISBN: 978-4-9905958-9-0 Preface

  On behalf of the SEE 2017 Organizing Committee, it is our great pleasure to welcome you to the Third International Conference on Science, Engineering & Environment, held at the USQ Springfield Brisbane Australia organized in conjunction with University of Southern Queensland, Mie University Research Center for Environmental Load Reduction, The GEOMATE International Society, Useful Plant Spread Society, Glorious International, AOI Engineering, HOJUN, JCK, CosmoWinds and Beppu Construction, Japan.

  The conference covers three major themes with many specific themes including:

  Engineering Science Environment

• Environmental Engineering •Environmental Sciences •Environmental Technology •Chemical Engineering •Chemistry and Chemical Sciences •Recycle Solid Wastes •Civil and Structural Engineering •Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences •Environmental dynamics
• Computer Software Web •Astronomy and Space Sciences •Meteorology and Hydrology Engineering •Atmospheric Sciences •Atmospheric and Geophysics •Electrical and Electronic •Botany and Biological Sciences •Physical oceanography Engineering •Genetics and Bacteriology •Bio-engineering
• Energy and Thermal Engineering •Forestry Sciences •Environmental sustainability
• Aerospace Engineering •Geological Sciences •Resource management
• Agricultural Engineering •Materials Science and Mineralogy •Modelling and decision support tools
• Biological Engineering and Sciences •Statistics and Mathematics •Institutional development
• Biological Systems Engineering •Microbiology and Medical •Suspended and biological processes
• Biomedical and Genetic Engineering Sciences •Anaerobic and Process modelling
• Bioprocess and Food Engineering •Meteorology and Palaeo Ecology •Modelling and numerical prediction
• Geotechnical Engineering •Pharmaco
• Interaction between pollutants
• Industrial and Process Engineering •Physics and Physical Sciences •Water treatment residuals
• Manufacturing Engineering

  •Plant Sciences and Systems Biology

  •Quality of drinking water
• Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering •Psychology and Systems Biology •Distribution systems on potable water
• Materials and Nano Engineering •Zoology and Veterinary Sciences •Reuse of reclaimed waters
• Nuclear Engineering •Petroleum and Power Engineering •Forest Industry Engineering

  This year we have received many submissions over 50 universities of different countries all over the world including Australia, Brazil, Canada, Czech Republic, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines Romania, Russia, South Korea, Sri Lanka and Thailand. The technical papers were selected from the vast number of contributions submitted after a review of the abstracts. The final papers in the proceedings have been peer reviewed rigorously and revised as necessary by the authors. It relies on the solid cooperation of numerous people to organize a conference of this size. Hence, we appreciate everyone who support as well as participate in the joint conferences. Last but not least, we would like to express our gratitude to all the authors, session chairs, reviewers, participants, institutions and companies for their contribution to SEE 2017. We hope you enjoy the conference and find this experience inspiring and helpful in your professional field. We look forward to seeing you at our upcoming conference next year.

  Best regards, Prof. Dr. Zakaria Hossain, Conference Chairman (General) Dr. Jim Shiau, Conference Chairman (Program) xi

  Third International Conference on Science, Engineering & Environment, USQ Springfield Brisbane, Australia, Nov.13-15, 2017, ISBN: 978-4-9905958-9-0 Organization Scientific Committees:

  Conference Honorary Chairmen: Dr. John Yeaman, Professor, Univ. of the S/Coast, Australia Dr. Sohji Inoue, Emeritus Professor, Mie University, Japan Conference Chairmen: Dr. Jim Shiau, Senior Lecturer, USQ, Australia (Program Chair) Dr. Zakaria Hossain, Prof. Mie Univ., Japan (General Chair) Conference Organizing Committee: Dr. Jim Shiau, S./Lec. Univ. of Southern Queensland, Australia Dr. Stephen Buttling, Principal, National Geo. Cons., Australia Dr. Karu Karunasena, Prof. USQ, Australia Dr. David Thorpe, A/Prof., USQ, Australia Dr. Toshinori Sakai, Prof. Mie University, Japan Dr. Zakaria Hossain, Prof. Mie University, Japan National & International Advisory Committee: Dr. Allan Manalo, Senior Lecturer, USQ, Australia Dr. Soma Somasundaraswaran, Lecturer, USQ, Australia Dr. John Smith, A/Prof. RMIT University, Australia Dr. Arul Arulrajah, Prof. Swinburne Univ. of Tech., Australia Dr. Robert Evans, A/Prof., Swinburne Univ. of Tech., Australia Dr. Chaminda Gallage, A/Prof, Queensland Uni. of Tec, Australia Dr. Iyad Alkroosh, A/Prof., Curtin University, Australia Dr. Sammy Kwok, Geo. Eng. Cardno Bowler, Australia Dr. Jun Sugawara, S/Eng. Golder Associates Pty Ltd, Australia Dr. N. Sivakugan, A/Prof. James Cook Univ., Australia Dr. Erwin Oh, Senior Lecturer, Griffith University, Australia Dr. Fumio Tatsuoka, Prof. Tokyo University of Science, Japan Dr. Jing-Cai Jiang, Prof. University of Tokushima, Japan Dr. Toshihiro Morii, Prof. Niigata University, Japan Dr. Kimitoshi Hayano, Prof. Yokohama National Univ., Japan Dr. Sai Vanapalli, Prof. University of Ottawa, Canada Dr. Musharraf Zaman, Prof. Univ. of Oklahama, USA Dr. Rafiqul Tarefder, Prof. University of New Mexico, USA Dr. M. Bouassida, Prof. National Sch. of Engg. of Tunis Dr. L.R. Austriaco, Prof. Angles Univ. Found., Philippines Dr. A.S.M. Abdul Awal, Prof., UTHM, Malaysia Dr. Bujang B.K. Huat, Prof. Univ. Putra Malaysia Dr. Nemy Banthia, Prof. UBC, Canada Dr. Ian Jefferson, Prof. Univ. of Birmingham, UK Dr. John Bolander, Prof. Univ. of California, USA Dr. Shamsul Chowdhury, Prof. Roosevelt Univ., USA Dr. Isabel Pinto, Prof. University of Coimbra, Portugal Dr. Hj. Ramli Bin Hj. Nazir, A/Prof.. UTM, Malaysia Dr. Aly Ahmed, A/Prof.. Beni-Suef University, Egypt Dr. Chang-Yu Ou, Prof. National Taiwan Univ. of Sci. &Tech.

  International Technical Program Committee:

  Prof. Adolf Heinrich Horn, Geological Institute - Federa University of Minas Gerais, Brazil Prof. Bang-Fuh Chen, National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan Prof. Bindeshwar Singh, Kamla Nehru Institute of Technology, India xii

  Prof. Catherine Mulligan, Concordia Institute of Water, Energy and Sustainable Systems, Canada Prof. Chi-Min Liu Chienkuo Technology University, Taiwan Prof. Daffalla Rabih, Kenana Sugar Company, Sudan Prof. Essaid Bilal, Ecole Nationale Superieure Des Mines De Saint Etienne, France Prof. Hakan Caliskan, Usak University, Faculty of Engineering, Turkey Prof. Ibrahim Maiyza, National Institute of Oceanography & Fisheries, Egypt Prof. Loc Nguyen, Sunflower Soft Company, Vietnam Prof. Marilia Hagen, Indiana University, United States Prof. Md Najib bin Ibrahim, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Prof. Md. Abdul Baset Mia, BSMR Agri. Univ., Bangladesh Prof. Mihaela Popescu, University of Craiova, Romania Prof. Mohamed Abdou, Faculty of Education Department of Mathematics, Egypt Prof. Mohamed Tahiri, Présidnce de l'Université Hassan II de Casablanca, Morocco Prof. Nazar Oukaili, University of Baghdad, Iraq Prof. Radim Cajka, Technical University Ostrava, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Republic Prof. Rajaraman Jambunathan, AMET University, India Prof. Saad Farhan Ibrahim Alabdullah, University of Almustansiriyah, Iraq Prof. Salem Alsanusi, Benghazi, Libya Prof. Sudhir Kumar Das, Retired Senior Project Manager of Indian Railways, India Prof. Zachary Senwo, Alabama A&M University, United States Prof. Imed Jabri, University of Tunis, Tunisia A/Prof. Bindeshwar Singh Kamla Nehru Institute of Technology, India A/Prof. Hasi Rani Barai, Yeungnam University, South Korea A/Prof. Jamaluddin Mahmud, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia A/Prof. Mohamed Ramadan, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia A/Prof. Najam Hasan, Dhofar University, Oman A/Prof. Nosina Krishna Chaitanya, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, India A/Prof. Nurbek Saparkhojayev, Almaty Management University, Kazakhstan A/Prof. Pandian Vasant, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia A/Prof. Teodor Lucian Grigorie, University of Craiova, Romania A/Prof. Zawawi Daud, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia A/Prof. Abdull Halim Abdul, OIl and Gas department, Malaysia A/Prof. Baoping Cai, China University of Petroleum, China A/Prof. Dariusz Jakóbczak, Koszalin University of Technology, Poland A/Prof. Edgar Allan Mendoza, University of the Philippines A/Prof. Lakhveer Singh, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP) Malaysia, Malaysia A/Prof. Lidia Sas Paszt, Research Institute of Pomology, Poland A/Prof. Mahmood Barbooti, University of Yechnology, Iraq A/Prof. Majid Mirzaei, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia A/Prof. Najeh Lakhoua, University of Carthage, Tunisia A/Prof. Ryan Joseph Calinao, Lyceum of the Philippines University-Laguna A/Prof. Sarawut Thepanondh, Mahidol University, Thailand A/Prof. Yasir Al Hussein, Jerash University, Faculty of Engineering, Jordan A/Prof. Grigorie Teodor Lucian, University of Craiova, Romania A/Prof. Hêriş Golpîra, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran A/Prof. Muhammad Aslam, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia A/Prof. Tomasz Plech, Medical University of Lublin, Poland A/Prof. Fellah Mamoun, Abbes laghrour University, Algeria A/Prof. R. S. Ajin, GeoVin Solutions Pvt. Ltd., India A/Prof. Roman Szewczyk, Industrial Research Institute for Automation and Measurements, Poland Dr. Abolghasem Akbari, University Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia Dr. Ahmad Safuan A Rashid, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia Dr. Akinola Johnson Olarewaju, Federal Polytechnic Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria Dr. Alexandre Costa, Federal University of the valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Brazil Dr. Angelo Gallone, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), United Kingdom Dr. Azizul Azhar Ramli, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Dr. Bashir Dar, University of kashmir Delina Baramulla J&K India, India Dr. Bassam Abdellatif, National Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Sciences, Egypt xiii

  Dr. Binh Phu Nguyen, National University of Singapore, Singapore Dr. Cazacu Gabriela, S.C. Geotech Dobrogea, Romania Dr. Chengen Yang, Intel Corporation, United States Dr. Dayang Norulfairuz Abang Zaidel, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Dr. Evgeni Starikov, KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany; Chalmers, Gothenburg Sweden, Germany Dr. Fatma Khanchel, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunisia Dr. Hamidreza Khataee, Griffith University, Australia Dr. Hêriş Golpîra, Islamic Azad University, Iran Dr. Iskhaq Iskandar, Dept. Physics, University of Sriwijaya, Indonesia Dr. Jingwei Zhao, University of Wollongong, Australia Dr. Jitendra Agrawal, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, India Dr. Liza Patacsil, Malayan Colleges Laguna, Philippines Dr. Mohamed Amine, Ferrag Guelma University, Algeria Dr. Mohd Afendi Rojan, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia Dr. Mohd Altaf, University of kashmir Delina Baramulla J&K India, India Dr. Mohd Hairy Ibrahim , Sultan Idris Education University, Malaysia Dr. Mostafa Khater, Egypt - El sharqia - Zagazig, Egypt Dr. Najam Hasan, Dhofar University, Oman Dr. Namir Alkawaaz, University of Almustansiriyah, Iraq Dr. Nashrul Fazli Mohd Nasir, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia Dr. NaufaL Mansor Kampus Uniciti Alam, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Malaysia Dr. Obed Majeed Ali, Northern Technical University, Iraq Dr. Piyapong Janmaimool, King Mongkhut' University of Technology, Thailand Dr. Po-Sheng Chiu, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan Dr. Prabu Mohandas, Adhiyamaan College of Engineering, India Dr. Raman Kumar, D A V Institute of Engineering and Technology, India Dr. Riccardo Colella, University of Salento, Italy Dr. Rolando Javellonar, Romblon State University, Philippines Dr. Shikha Agrawal, Rajeev Gandhi Technical University, India Dr. Stefania Tomasiello CORISA, University of Salerno, Italy Dr. Sumiyyah Sabar, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia Dr. Suphaphat Kwonpongsagoon, Mahidol University, Thailand Dr. Wei Hong Tan, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia Dr. Yoshiro Fujii, Shin Kobe Dental Clinic, Japan Dr. Yuk Feng Huang, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Malaysia Dr. Zongyan Zhou, Monsh University, Australia Dr. Purnanand Savoikar, Goa Engineering College, India Dr. Ahmed Toaha Mobashsher, University of Queensland, Australia Dr. Chupong Pakpum, Maejo University Dr. Emanuele Quaranta, Politecnico di Torino, Italy Dr. Jiangling Yin, Apple Inc., Cupertino, CA, United States Dr. Khor Shing Fhan, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia Dr. Mario Chauca, Ricardo Palma University, Peru Dr. Santosh Gaikwad, Model College, Ghansawangi, India Dr. Tse Guan Tan, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Dr. Vikas Panthi, National Institute of Technology, India Dr. Watoo Phrompittayarat, Naresuan University, Thailand Dr. Hamidreza Namazi, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Dr. Parichat Phumkhachorn, Ubon Ratchathani University, Thailand Dr. Subhasis Roy, University of Calcutta, India

  Conference Correspondence:

  Dr. Jim Shiau, Senior Lecturer, USQ, Australia, Program Chair Dr. Zakaria Hossain, General Chair, Prof. Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University 1577 Kurima Machiya-cho, Tsu-city, xiv

  Mie 514-8507 Japan, E-mail: editor@geomate.org Tel & Fax: +81-59-231-9578

  Conference History:

  SEE-Mie, Japan, Nov. 19-21, 2015 Chairman: Prof. Dr. Satoshi Kaneco, Mie University, Japan SEE-Osaka, Japan, Nov. 21-23, 2016 Chairman: Prof. Dr. Zakaria Hossain, Mie University, Japan

  Editorial and Executive Committee:

  Prof. Dr. Zakaria Hossain Dr. Jim Shiau Ms. Siti Hanggita Rachmawati Mr. Md. Aminul Islam Mr. Alex Otieno Owino Note- A: Associate, E-Emeritus xv

  SEE - USQ, Brisbane, Australia, Nov.13-16, 2017 Keynote Papers

SEISMIC MICROZONATION FOR URBAN PLANNING AND

• Rusnardi Rahmat Putra

4 Mechanicall Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Universitas

  

30

less than 400 m/s, the predominant periods due to

horizontal vertical ratios (HVSRs) are in the range of 2.0 to 4.0 s, and 98% of houses in high risk due to

predicted earthquake. These results enable produce clear information to Padang people including local

government of Padang how to create a mitigation system to reduce earthquake risk.

  Third International Conference on Science, Engineering & Environment (SEE), USQ, Brisbane, Australia, Nov.13-16, 2017, ISBN: 978-4-9905958-9-0 C3051

  This fault also has generated large destructive earthquakes, e.g., 1892 (Mw 7.1), 1943 (Mw 7.6) and 2007 (Mw 6.4). These faults are

  This 1900-km-long active strike-slip fault zone that runs along the backbone of Sumatra poses seismic and fault hazards to a dense population distributed on and around the fault zones [3]. The Sumatran Fault is highly segmented. It consists of 20 major geometrically defined segments and the slip rate along the fault increase to the northwest, from about 5 mm/yr [3].

  The city of Padang is located on the west coast of Sumatra in western Indonesia, lies close to the Sumatran subduction zone that is formed by the subduction of the Indo-Australian Plate beneath the Eurasian Plate. Relative motion of the plates occurs at a rate of about 50 to 70 mm/year and this is the main source of subduction-related seismicity in the area [1]. Based on our catalog, several giant earthquakes have occurred in this region since records began: 1779 (Mw 8.4), 1833 (Mw 9.2), 1861 (Mw 8.3), 2004 (Mw 9.2), 2007 (Mw 7.9 and 8.4), 2009 (Mw 7.6), and 2017 (6.4). The hypocenter of the Padang earthquake that occurred on September 30, 2009 was located in the ocean slab of the Indo-Australian Plate at -0.81°S, 99.65°E and at a depth of 80 km. It produced a high degree of shaking and the tremor was felt in the Indonesian capital, Jakarta, about 923 km from the epicenter. The tremors also were felt in neighboring countries such as Malaysia and Singapore [2]. The earthquake caused landslides and collateral debris flows in the hills surrounding Lake Maninjau. A major landslide in Gunung NanTigo, Padang Pariaman completely destroyed some villages and forced road closures.

  Keywords: array observation, vulnerability assessment, non-engineered structure, seismic microzonation

  

Negeri Padang, Indonesia

Abstract: Padang city is located at earthquake prone area, several powerful earthquakes have struck Padang

during recent years, one of the largest of which was an M 7.6 event that occurred on September 30, 2009

and caused more than 1000 casualties. The basic purpose of seismic microzonation is to produce input for

urban planning and to supply site specific ground motion data to be used for the assessment of the

vulnerability of the non-structure houses stock. A very detailed geological and geotechnical studies were

conducted to evaluate the variation of site characterization within the city of Padang. We performed single

observations of microtremors at 110 sites in Padang. The results enabled us to estimate the site-dependent

amplification characteristics of earthquake ground-motion. We also conducted a 12-site microtremor array

investigation to gain a representative determination of the soil condition of subsurface structures in Padang.

Based on soil characteristic in whole Padang, We simulated the recorded ground motion of earthquake 2009

to obtain ground motion whole Padang. This seismic microzonation is a parameter for vulnerability

assessment to non-engineered houses. We conducted vulnerability assessment to non-engineered structure

of houses stock to estimate current structure condition to face predicted earthquake event in near future.

About 1400 non-engineered structure were assessed and interviewed. The residents received explanations

for each item on the questionnaire from the interviewers, and answers were filled in directly on the answer

sheets. This survey produced a map of the shaking intensity and houses’ vulnerability distribution in Padang.

From the dispersion curve of microtremor array observations, the central business district of Padang

corresponds to relatively soft soil condition with Vs

  

VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF NON-ENGINEERED

STRUTURE IN EARTHQUAKE PRONE AREA, PADANG,

  3 Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Japan, Elect

  5 1,4 Civil Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia,

  4 and Syahril

  3 Fahmi Rijal

  2 , Ganefri

  1, , Junji Kiyono

  

INDONESIA

1. INTRODUCTION

  SEE - USQ, Brisbane, Australia, Nov.13-16, 2017 capable of generating strong ground motion in the future that would greatly affect vulnerable structures. Based on the latest earthquake events catalogs from USGS (2017) showed the number of earthquake events with magnitude from 3 to 6 is creasing within one month for each month in 2017. It shows how the activity of plate currently is.

  Fig.1 Seismicity of Sumatra Island from 2005 to 2010, Mw>6.5, <100km depth of hypocenter, and Padang City Regional Geology and Recent Earthquake

  The city of Padang, with a population of 914,968 people as of 2016, is the capital of West Sumatra province. The location of the city center is at 100.38°E, 0.95°S. The main part of Padang is situated on an alluvial plain between the Indian Ocean and the mountains. For the most part, the countainous area is formed of Tertiary sedimentary rocks with outcrops of metamorphic rocks seen in some places. The alluvial plain spreads along the base of the mountains and is roughly 10 km wide in the east-west direction and 20 km wide in the north- south direction.

  The topography of the Padang region is very similar to the tsunami-damaged area of Miyagi Prefecture in Japan, that was inundated by as much as 4-5 km from the coast after the March 11, 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku earthquake off the east coast of Honshu. In Padang, about 650,000 people live in the coastal area (covering about 60 km

  2 ). The population density is very high, about 10,833 people/km

  2 . The city is located on the coast of the Indian Ocean between the Sumatran Fault and the

  Sunda Trench Fault. Both faults are active with slip rate ranging from 10 to 27 mm/year [3]. According to our catalog, 3,174 events with a magnitude greater than 4 occurred in this region from AD 1779 to 2017 [4]. The several giant earthquakes mentioned previously have all been strongly felt here. For example, the source of the 2009 Padang earthquake was located in the ocean slab of the

  Indo-Australian Plate. It produced extensive shaking and severe damage to houses and buildings in Padang and Padang Pariaman, because its epicenter was about 60 km offshore from Padang. As the Padang earthquake was an intra-slab earthquake at intermediate depth with a comparable magnitude, the event did not generate a tsunami of significance [5]. Due to this earthquake, 1117 people were reported killed, 1214 severely injured, 1688 slightly injured, and 3 were left missing in West Sumatra. The earthquake also destroyed many houses, buildings and infrastructure (heavily damaged houses numbered 114,797, with 67,198 moderately damaged and 67,837 slightly damaged). In Padang, 5458 buildings sustained damage [6]. This event occurred at the end of the working day, just 15 minutes after offices and schools closed; if it had struck earlier, the number of causalities would definitely have been higher as a result of building collapses. Several hours after Padang earthquake,

  1 st

  October 2009, Sumatran fault line generated Mw7.1 and 10km depth. Due to this earthquake destroyed many houses and building (heavily damaged houses numbered 600, with 550 moderately damaged). Since Padang has high potential to great earthquake shaking in near future with great acceleration too compare with previous earthquake in 2009 [7]. With great potential shaking occur in Padang for several return period of earthquake events, Padang has highest vulnerability to non engineered structure in Indonesia [8]. Based on observation in Palu city, Palu its self has the same soil characteristic as Padang city [9],[10].

  There are four accelerometers in Padang. Three were donated by Engineers Without Borders Japan (EWBJ) and installed in 2008, and the other was installed by the Indonesian Government’s Bureau of Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG). However, only one ground motion record is available for the Padang earthquake. Due to an electric power cut during the earthquake, only the BMKG device recorded the time history of the earthquake. The observed record shows about 20 s of strong shaking with a peak ground acceleration (PGA) of 0.3 g and a predominant period of 0.5 s [11]. Response spectra at law period is greater then Indonesia code for rock condition (0.83g).The location of this station is a mountainous suburb about 12 km in from the coast. The subsurface condition at this station is rocky; the average shear wave velocity for the upper 30 m of the subsurface here, V s30 , is 1200 m/s [10].

  DAMAGE FROM THE 2009 PADANG EARTHQUAKE The city of Padang covers an area of about 695 km

  2 and is divided into 11 districts: B. T. Kabung, K. Tangah, Kuranji, L. Begalung, L.

  Kilangan, Nanggalo, P. Barat, P. Selatan, P. Timur,

  SEE - USQ, Brisbane, Australia, Nov.13-16, 2017 P. Utara, and Pauh. 51.0% of the land is forested, where ( ) and ( ) denote the Fourier

28.52% is used for farming, 9.54% for housing and amplitude of the NS, EW and UD components of

7.1% for rice fields [12]. The population of more each interval, respectively, and is the frequency.

than 914.968 is increasing by 1%-2% per year. The We performed 140 single site surveys that

K. Tangah district has the highest population and sampled every district of the city of Padang. These

most extensive area compared with the other observations were carried out in November 2008,

districts in the city.