AN ANALYSIS OF PRESUPPOSITION AS FOUND IN A NOVEL HARRY POTTER AND THE HALF BLOOD PRINCE.
AN ANAI,YSIS OF PRISVPPO$IION AS trOI'ND IN A NOVEL
EARRY POTTER AND IIE EALF DLOOD PRTNCE
A
Sat itzrt it
lqESIs
FrUUnqt tt rh. Re4dttuDt
D.sH. oJS@t@tNt d
Pardol
fotrt
YAIAT YOEANA
ENGI,ISE I'EPARTMENT:fACIJLTY OT LETTERS
ANDAI,AI| f]NTVNN$TY
Pd)anrc
2011
PEsuposisi
(l'uggapm) dibald dalm skipsi ini Daa dimbil ddi
rc\el Hary Potq a the Halfrlod1ri,.,. lujm penulis& skipsi ini urul
nensuslap jenis da harM prcauposisi dale ujam ol€h penutu dalm nov€l
rcMbur.
Tsn
presuposisi olch Yule
disuatd mtuk ncdsmlie d0la. Data
bcbas libtr czl^t \mnrL itiuuht
dik@pu&ar densd netodc sinal
.
t^t (tute td*inE k.hnique) Kcnudie ddla
di ahis dense nelo.le pada lrdenatik. t{asil malisis disjihs seum
deskriprifdcns nenpei.aLikdkonlekssehi.ggrmalaDpesuposisipngmalik
obsenation ncthod) a^n Eknik
Ddi n6il penelitio dilendM b,nw4 p€nma terdala1 6 jcnis
pesuposisi ymg dikenukakd oleh vde, yafi Iiirentiul Ptutut11Llitt.4
Stuctural P.erupposilion, Factiw PresLpwsitiaa Ldical Prcsuwosition, l\on
Factiv Ptesqposition, d6 Cotnret Fdttul P4uppatnioh Kc&\ nakn
presuposisi dal)al dmstap dengd ndp€rhatile konlers ydg .d, Dantr
dhinpdkd 6alw plesuposisi dapr nengdgkap kebenda inJombi yms
terkadug dalm ujam penulu.
CHAPTER
1
INTRODUCTION
1.1B lgroundof
the
RMrcb
n*c a
In ,lcltverina infomation, ps,pie ne€d ro
oonveNdion onlains of infomalion lhat is deliver€d
The spe,ler
eys
some
uner
ces
tho
This inlomation could b€nor sbted
an
une@cd.In ihis
cr*.
could be noteid.
speakerasunesb
the prcsuppositions
urtem€ in which lhe infom.rion
e
ndE
bave norc
the
almo$
one oFsupposilion
dd
piof
cd"
co.tains of iwo plopositions
!.r
is m
By rhh udermce.
hc can drive a cor.
Ttis
thrt John hs the ce dd he hs
er
y other topic in pFgnatics exceptin8 perhaps spccci acts
ilsl{hniel
.te r $e
naking
spakc6.llcc
beNd
lhe ordin.ry usage olrhc qord
usge within linguistics Yule (1996, p.26) eys lhrr
pGupposition is @red as a Elationship bchven two propositio.s.
r'.!upp..e.
ro
trong assunplion p6uDposition G aoe
md it is more @noehed about rhc dislindion
presupposition and
be th€ Mse
sssumed, "John dnves a
than ono. However, this crn be a
lilerarurB ihan on
A.codingt Yul€0996.
own.d bydle
lhe speaker ptosuppos.s that rohn is a person tha! exisrs
utteme day
listncr
speaker ro rhc
lbe lislenq will get $mc errain infomltion,
dd
p.25) prcslppos ition is sonething rhe
lirm
conveNrion. Ttris
I dd 4 Md we de using t
01! )/e,he
Frr'on.lip
'
A
scnlcncc
symbol >> lnar
in herp|npo\i.on\
neds
.. Pakick\ dauAhler wriles
a lener
(=e)
Pdanarics is
Lhe
study ofspeakeis meoning. Accoldins to YuLe (i996- p.3).
lragnatlc h concemed wilh the study olnodinE dsconnunicdtcd by
d spcakcr
(or
wneO and intcarcEd by a lislener (or reader). This sludy @ncems with
the
!
intertdation of thc spco&els m@ing in
cln iniuene the ufteBne.ltho
melning
lhrener
ol
Bili
the speakels
pdliculsr conlexl
spsaker. Th€ listener
untucd
Therefore, the
belwed
or E3der will inlelp€l ihe
inre$dtdon known by de
interc$ed ro he s.alrTed
hauu€
the
speald dd lhe list€ner in
odd
re.ch a su(e$ comhunicalion b.tqeen lhem. The lincnq snout
dre presupposilion
fon
ln inrcDEling
b{aus
ignorc scnstics.
A €mdric thcory is
o
I
ihere is no way in which a theory ol pcsupposition cm
rcgardcd
bdic rtrtenen lsi
and pmamatics.lt mishr sal that
s
th.t
bur aho th€
emant ics conccms
d PEgmdios is a sudy
PEgmarics
is trying lo Eveal the m€mine thal is
evenl. These
l|o
il
is nol only in lenns
ol
sy
u
elari.i ol se'ndtic
io
sith findinslhc bsic neoins
olrword
pdicuid
undcfttr d
presuppsnion. ir is mlAledro othcr idpodnt dioiplinc ihai
a
explanalion
firi
lo
uttemnes ollhe speakcr.
is Semantics It is
eddricJ
how ihe context
h
bc de presuppositions. This lopic
l]1crc should bc a g@d undetsunding
sd
oludemccs nedinC expr€sed by rhc spdkc^.
studics conccrn about tnc
msr b! the sperl€A in d
se
nndin8 thal is meanins.
CHAPTER 4
CONCLUSION
ln thn
Pftluppdsiih
chapter, the wriier presents the result
a
lound :n a novcl llarry
Pote
ol dp
dard dulysis ot
nd the lralf Bl@d ftince. Aner
daltzing th. udetucs in thc snth novcl ol Harry Pot6r srics,lho wrirer linds
that there ae six t}?esoipresupposirirnrhat lound in lhis novcl. Thcy
!.esupposnion,
lirlivc
s*n ihat
the six gTes thar
Aicr rie witer
dc cxhrc.tidl
prcsupposnion, non-factive p.€supposition, lexial
presupposilion- srructuhl p€supp.snion,
bc
our
dd
counter&ctual pBupp.sirion. It
pmp.s.d b] Yule in his book
drllad
ol
6
Pmgnatics, arc round
fiften co.lemations in tic pErious
chaprer, th€
srncr nids thal *ch converslion h$ sirnifimt utlemce rhd onkins or
prcsupposition. Thcrc
typ€s
$e
m
fiftccn prdupposilions rh,i round. Aner clssiryins rhc
of pEsuppositio., the miter anallzes what h ihc inlomrllon b.ins intended
Drcsupposition by considering the conlcxl
ll-..lir' rl. nrfl
nd. oL' da,
delivered by the speaker. The
Dresupposnion rhroush
rhere
!
lhal i.nuoes $c conveHtion.
fc.onrer Fil) 1f
wiler
'er(e.
rhe me,ySe
rhar:
@ salyrc dc mmins ot pragnaric
fic ontexl.ln addition,
the
wrikr findsout
de 3 exisrenrial presupposilions or 20% (dialosue
prestrppositio.s or 20% (dialosue 8.
ii
I od
l0),
I
lhar lrom
l,2 ud ll).3
l5 dat..
stactual
laclivc presupposilions or
(dialosue 3, 14md 15),2no. hclive peupposirions or 13,3ol (dialosuc
5
2crolo
dl3).
2 lcxiai
pBupposnions
or lr,3%
(dialogue
5
dd
12) and
2 ouneFfodud
prcsupF.silionso!13,3%(dialosue4andT).Afterdoi.Bijlemallsis,Lhewrirerliftis
thar tne
co
mdins
of those prcsupposnions conlai. of infomalional 3nd expBsive. ft
be pruyed lhal
sharc
infomdion
lho* peupposnions lhrt
$d erpre$ then
because lhey ne.d !o deliver
unered by L\e
ste*er. The sp@lc6
reeli.g and anitude throueh pBupposition.
i.fomation
known th.t intcndcd mqning. Frcm
is
fie
listener already
lle
@ncludes that
rhal lhe spcskea helieve
$is ffirch. lnc wjier
11
every sisniricut unedce thd @nlain a pdupposirion detemind lor exmple thar.
yor (posssive), dogsous (adj{rivd. rensin (vqb), ed
Aner dallzing pr€supposition in tho Harry Potd
inremsative
ed
the
urdc.'
Hrlf Blo.d Pnre,
lhe witer @nclud6 lnar rhe panicipdls or anveNtions sct the pr.supposcd
infomrtio. $at und€d by lhe sp€ater. Tbe naning ol
presupposition
malyzed by considdng the ontcxt of ils ufterece. PBupFosnion
rclol
helps the
ils
be
bc us.d to
lne inlormation lhst conain in rn utle6nce by the speakd. Fudhcmorc, thar
infomarion
h6
cd
c
m
bc dclivcred io th€ Eadc6 by $e miler. Ther€roF, This salysis
Eade* td unde^hd inrdd€!
ow
contexrs that
d
ntuing bccaw
builr by J.K Rorling
4
Ha..y Poner md ils sries
the aurhor.
Abbott, B. (2000). Pdupposnions
6
no.sscn ioni ..rru.,4/ ot p rdpndtict 32l tt 9
htlp://ciles*d.isl.psu.cddviewdo./downlord?doi=l0. t. t .l 1 3.405?&rep=qt
Bolinger,
D.. d Donald . seds.
Htroud Bace Jovaolich Inc
(198I). ,,lvertr
,/ /,,!zzss
Nee york:
BroM,C, & Yule, C. (1983). Dri..?Ds d,z4,ss. cmbridge: Cmbridsc Unive6ity
Cunins.
r.
(2002). Prugnrlns
Roudodge, London
ud
ant discatts.: A rcso,rce
book
New Yod(.
Hud$n. Crover. (2$0). tr:yntiat tntratl,ctoty Linsuistics
Black{ell Publishes lnc.
P,r.iple:
Leech, Ceoffr€y N. (r 933).
I-€vinson, Sqncn. c. ( 1933).
oJ Ptasndis,
tot
studenB.
MBwt\rsri
Lotd6: Lf€fran,
2r,srar?s. Cmbridge: Cambridsc Univesity pres.
Li. FenE Q0o5) lret"ppositio, ,1tulysi i" ll,\,qtisina In&@a.. Voluoc 2. No,I I
(Scrial No.2l). Wuhu Univc6iiy. Rerieved on Mat 5,2l]l0 aron
htp://x^w.linguis!.ore.cn/do./su20051 14u20051 I t3.pdl
Mtrkmd, R.,dd Marlna
Caliomia:
Bmnt
Per€t T.
(l9AU l0
Steps
in tttiti"s the R.s.arch papet.
Educationsl Selics, Inc.
M.s.. Kaslm. (2002). Elsalar Aarara: Masalah .tdn Pc*.nbansannra. y ocyakfia:
''Pmdigma Yogyalatu.
Renkena,
Js.
-robn
{1993). Drrr.o,rse Ahabsis: An
Bcnjmins PublishinA Conpmy.
Rowling. J.K. (2005) Hatrr
Pot*
Intodrtorr tettb@t.
ahd the HattBload
P,n a
Ansrcrdanr:
L6ndon: BI@hsbu.y.
EARRY POTTER AND IIE EALF DLOOD PRTNCE
A
Sat itzrt it
lqESIs
FrUUnqt tt rh. Re4dttuDt
D.sH. oJS@t@tNt d
Pardol
fotrt
YAIAT YOEANA
ENGI,ISE I'EPARTMENT:fACIJLTY OT LETTERS
ANDAI,AI| f]NTVNN$TY
Pd)anrc
2011
PEsuposisi
(l'uggapm) dibald dalm skipsi ini Daa dimbil ddi
rc\el Hary Potq a the Halfrlod1ri,.,. lujm penulis& skipsi ini urul
nensuslap jenis da harM prcauposisi dale ujam ol€h penutu dalm nov€l
rcMbur.
Tsn
presuposisi olch Yule
disuatd mtuk ncdsmlie d0la. Data
bcbas libtr czl^t \mnrL itiuuht
dik@pu&ar densd netodc sinal
.
t^t (tute td*inE k.hnique) Kcnudie ddla
di ahis dense nelo.le pada lrdenatik. t{asil malisis disjihs seum
deskriprifdcns nenpei.aLikdkonlekssehi.ggrmalaDpesuposisipngmalik
obsenation ncthod) a^n Eknik
Ddi n6il penelitio dilendM b,nw4 p€nma terdala1 6 jcnis
pesuposisi ymg dikenukakd oleh vde, yafi Iiirentiul Ptutut11Llitt.4
Stuctural P.erupposilion, Factiw PresLpwsitiaa Ldical Prcsuwosition, l\on
Factiv Ptesqposition, d6 Cotnret Fdttul P4uppatnioh Kc&\ nakn
presuposisi dal)al dmstap dengd ndp€rhatile konlers ydg .d, Dantr
dhinpdkd 6alw plesuposisi dapr nengdgkap kebenda inJombi yms
terkadug dalm ujam penulu.
CHAPTER
1
INTRODUCTION
1.1B lgroundof
the
RMrcb
n*c a
In ,lcltverina infomation, ps,pie ne€d ro
oonveNdion onlains of infomalion lhat is deliver€d
The spe,ler
eys
some
uner
ces
tho
This inlomation could b€nor sbted
an
une@cd.In ihis
cr*.
could be noteid.
speakerasunesb
the prcsuppositions
urtem€ in which lhe infom.rion
e
ndE
bave norc
the
almo$
one oFsupposilion
dd
piof
cd"
co.tains of iwo plopositions
!.r
is m
By rhh udermce.
hc can drive a cor.
Ttis
thrt John hs the ce dd he hs
er
y other topic in pFgnatics exceptin8 perhaps spccci acts
ilsl{hniel
.te r $e
naking
spakc6.llcc
beNd
lhe ordin.ry usage olrhc qord
usge within linguistics Yule (1996, p.26) eys lhrr
pGupposition is @red as a Elationship bchven two propositio.s.
r'.!upp..e.
ro
trong assunplion p6uDposition G aoe
md it is more @noehed about rhc dislindion
presupposition and
be th€ Mse
sssumed, "John dnves a
than ono. However, this crn be a
lilerarurB ihan on
A.codingt Yul€0996.
own.d bydle
lhe speaker ptosuppos.s that rohn is a person tha! exisrs
utteme day
listncr
speaker ro rhc
lbe lislenq will get $mc errain infomltion,
dd
p.25) prcslppos ition is sonething rhe
lirm
conveNrion. Ttris
I dd 4 Md we de using t
01! )/e,he
Frr'on.lip
'
A
scnlcncc
symbol >> lnar
in herp|npo\i.on\
neds
.. Pakick\ dauAhler wriles
a lener
(=e)
Pdanarics is
Lhe
study ofspeakeis meoning. Accoldins to YuLe (i996- p.3).
lragnatlc h concemed wilh the study olnodinE dsconnunicdtcd by
d spcakcr
(or
wneO and intcarcEd by a lislener (or reader). This sludy @ncems with
the
!
intertdation of thc spco&els m@ing in
cln iniuene the ufteBne.ltho
melning
lhrener
ol
Bili
the speakels
pdliculsr conlexl
spsaker. Th€ listener
untucd
Therefore, the
belwed
or E3der will inlelp€l ihe
inre$dtdon known by de
interc$ed ro he s.alrTed
hauu€
the
speald dd lhe list€ner in
odd
re.ch a su(e$ comhunicalion b.tqeen lhem. The lincnq snout
dre presupposilion
fon
ln inrcDEling
b{aus
ignorc scnstics.
A €mdric thcory is
o
I
ihere is no way in which a theory ol pcsupposition cm
rcgardcd
bdic rtrtenen lsi
and pmamatics.lt mishr sal that
s
th.t
bur aho th€
emant ics conccms
d PEgmdios is a sudy
PEgmarics
is trying lo Eveal the m€mine thal is
evenl. These
l|o
il
is nol only in lenns
ol
sy
u
elari.i ol se'ndtic
io
sith findinslhc bsic neoins
olrword
pdicuid
undcfttr d
presuppsnion. ir is mlAledro othcr idpodnt dioiplinc ihai
a
explanalion
firi
lo
uttemnes ollhe speakcr.
is Semantics It is
eddricJ
how ihe context
h
bc de presuppositions. This lopic
l]1crc should bc a g@d undetsunding
sd
oludemccs nedinC expr€sed by rhc spdkc^.
studics conccrn about tnc
msr b! the sperl€A in d
se
nndin8 thal is meanins.
CHAPTER 4
CONCLUSION
ln thn
Pftluppdsiih
chapter, the wriier presents the result
a
lound :n a novcl llarry
Pote
ol dp
dard dulysis ot
nd the lralf Bl@d ftince. Aner
daltzing th. udetucs in thc snth novcl ol Harry Pot6r srics,lho wrirer linds
that there ae six t}?esoipresupposirirnrhat lound in lhis novcl. Thcy
!.esupposnion,
lirlivc
s*n ihat
the six gTes thar
Aicr rie witer
dc cxhrc.tidl
prcsupposnion, non-factive p.€supposition, lexial
presupposilion- srructuhl p€supp.snion,
bc
our
dd
counter&ctual pBupp.sirion. It
pmp.s.d b] Yule in his book
drllad
ol
6
Pmgnatics, arc round
fiften co.lemations in tic pErious
chaprer, th€
srncr nids thal *ch converslion h$ sirnifimt utlemce rhd onkins or
prcsupposition. Thcrc
typ€s
$e
m
fiftccn prdupposilions rh,i round. Aner clssiryins rhc
of pEsuppositio., the miter anallzes what h ihc inlomrllon b.ins intended
Drcsupposition by considering the conlcxl
ll-..lir' rl. nrfl
nd. oL' da,
delivered by the speaker. The
Dresupposnion rhroush
rhere
!
lhal i.nuoes $c conveHtion.
fc.onrer Fil) 1f
wiler
'er(e.
rhe me,ySe
rhar:
@ salyrc dc mmins ot pragnaric
fic ontexl.ln addition,
the
wrikr findsout
de 3 exisrenrial presupposilions or 20% (dialosue
prestrppositio.s or 20% (dialosue 8.
ii
I od
l0),
I
lhar lrom
l,2 ud ll).3
l5 dat..
stactual
laclivc presupposilions or
(dialosue 3, 14md 15),2no. hclive peupposirions or 13,3ol (dialosuc
5
2crolo
dl3).
2 lcxiai
pBupposnions
or lr,3%
(dialogue
5
dd
12) and
2 ouneFfodud
prcsupF.silionso!13,3%(dialosue4andT).Afterdoi.Bijlemallsis,Lhewrirerliftis
thar tne
co
mdins
of those prcsupposnions conlai. of infomalional 3nd expBsive. ft
be pruyed lhal
sharc
infomdion
lho* peupposnions lhrt
$d erpre$ then
because lhey ne.d !o deliver
unered by L\e
ste*er. The sp@lc6
reeli.g and anitude throueh pBupposition.
i.fomation
known th.t intcndcd mqning. Frcm
is
fie
listener already
lle
@ncludes that
rhal lhe spcskea helieve
$is ffirch. lnc wjier
11
every sisniricut unedce thd @nlain a pdupposirion detemind lor exmple thar.
yor (posssive), dogsous (adj{rivd. rensin (vqb), ed
Aner dallzing pr€supposition in tho Harry Potd
inremsative
ed
the
urdc.'
Hrlf Blo.d Pnre,
lhe witer @nclud6 lnar rhe panicipdls or anveNtions sct the pr.supposcd
infomrtio. $at und€d by lhe sp€ater. Tbe naning ol
presupposition
malyzed by considdng the ontcxt of ils ufterece. PBupFosnion
rclol
helps the
ils
be
bc us.d to
lne inlormation lhst conain in rn utle6nce by the speakd. Fudhcmorc, thar
infomarion
h6
cd
c
m
bc dclivcred io th€ Eadc6 by $e miler. Ther€roF, This salysis
Eade* td unde^hd inrdd€!
ow
contexrs that
d
ntuing bccaw
builr by J.K Rorling
4
Ha..y Poner md ils sries
the aurhor.
Abbott, B. (2000). Pdupposnions
6
no.sscn ioni ..rru.,4/ ot p rdpndtict 32l tt 9
htlp://ciles*d.isl.psu.cddviewdo./downlord?doi=l0. t. t .l 1 3.405?&rep=qt
Bolinger,
D.. d Donald . seds.
Htroud Bace Jovaolich Inc
(198I). ,,lvertr
,/ /,,!zzss
Nee york:
BroM,C, & Yule, C. (1983). Dri..?Ds d,z4,ss. cmbridge: Cmbridsc Unive6ity
Cunins.
r.
(2002). Prugnrlns
Roudodge, London
ud
ant discatts.: A rcso,rce
book
New Yod(.
Hud$n. Crover. (2$0). tr:yntiat tntratl,ctoty Linsuistics
Black{ell Publishes lnc.
P,r.iple:
Leech, Ceoffr€y N. (r 933).
I-€vinson, Sqncn. c. ( 1933).
oJ Ptasndis,
tot
studenB.
MBwt\rsri
Lotd6: Lf€fran,
2r,srar?s. Cmbridge: Cambridsc Univesity pres.
Li. FenE Q0o5) lret"ppositio, ,1tulysi i" ll,\,qtisina In&@a.. Voluoc 2. No,I I
(Scrial No.2l). Wuhu Univc6iiy. Rerieved on Mat 5,2l]l0 aron
htp://x^w.linguis!.ore.cn/do./su20051 14u20051 I t3.pdl
Mtrkmd, R.,dd Marlna
Caliomia:
Bmnt
Per€t T.
(l9AU l0
Steps
in tttiti"s the R.s.arch papet.
Educationsl Selics, Inc.
M.s.. Kaslm. (2002). Elsalar Aarara: Masalah .tdn Pc*.nbansannra. y ocyakfia:
''Pmdigma Yogyalatu.
Renkena,
Js.
-robn
{1993). Drrr.o,rse Ahabsis: An
Bcnjmins PublishinA Conpmy.
Rowling. J.K. (2005) Hatrr
Pot*
Intodrtorr tettb@t.
ahd the HattBload
P,n a
Ansrcrdanr:
L6ndon: BI@hsbu.y.