Stigmatization and stigma resistance in Paulo Coelho`s the witch of portobello.

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T TheWticho fPo trobellotor evea lCoelho' s s

s e

m age on sitgmaitzed identtiy .In thi sparitcula rwork ,Coelho ciritcize sthe o h l e o C . d e t n a r g r o f e k a t e l p o e p y n a m t a h t y t e i c o s s y a d a w o n n i s n o it a z it a m g it s y b y t e i c o s d e z il a n i g r a m e h t o t n o it a z it a m g it s h c u s f o s t c e f f e e h t d a b w o h s li e v n u a h c n i a m e h t g n it t e

s racte r being constanlty sitgmaitzed fo r he r idenitites , f o e u s s i e h t n o e g a s s e m s ' o h l e o C p s a r g o t r e d r o n I . y ti t n e d i y s p y G e h t y ll a i c e p s e s ' o h l e o C g n it e r p r e t n i n i h c r a e s e r y r a r b il f o d o h t e m e h t d e y o l p m e I , n o it a z it a m g it s o ll e b o t r o P f o h c ti W e h

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T TheWticho f

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r gwtihsuchi ssues ,theinterpretaitonoft het exti sessenital.I n g n it e r p r e t n

i The Wtich o f Portobello , thi s study employ s Pau l Ricoue'r s s a n o i c i p s u s f o s c it u e n e m r e h d e lt it h c a o r p p a l a c i h p o s o li h

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t Addiitonally ,Erving Goffman’ sconcep tof sitgma and David Mayal’l s f o t p e c n o

c Gypsy idenitites are employed to suppor tthe arguments. Ricouer’ s l a c it ir c f o l e d o m a s a o s l a t u b k r o w e m a r f e h t s a y l n o t o n s t c a s c it u e n e m r e h y d u t s s i h t n e p r a h s o t g n i k n i h

t .Meanwhlie ,Goffman and Mayal’l sconcept sare n o i c i p s u s e h t e t a r o b a l e d n a y fi t n e d i o t d e s

u . Ther esistance soft hecharacter sare e u s s i e h t e m o c r e v o o t n o it u l o s s ' o h l e o C t n e s e r p o t r e d r o n i d e z y l a n a r e h tr u f o s l a . n o it a z it a m g it s f o o h l e o C y b d e y a rt r o p s i o h w , a n e h t A t a h t s w o h s y d u t s s i h

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m ot hevicitm sofs itgmaitzaiton.I nt heend ,thist hesi sarguest hatt hrough

o ll e b o t r o P f o h c ti W e h

T Coelho expect shi sreaders to develop sympathy ast he m g it s e h t d n e f e d o t p e t s t s ri

f aitzedi ndividual .s

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p terutama kaum margina l dengan cara s u r e n e m s u r e t a i d a n a m i d i s i s o p m a l a d a y n a m a t u r e t k a r a k n a k k a t e l e m

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A PAGE ........................................................................................... ii ACCEPTANCEPAGE.......................................................................................i.ii

Y T I L A N I G I R O F O T N E M E T A T

S ................................................................. iv .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. S T N E M E G D E L W O N K C

A vi

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T NTENTS....................................................................................vii T

C A R T S B

A .................................................................................................. x....i K

A R T S B

A .......................................................................................................... x

I R E T P A H

C INTRODUCTION ....................................................................... 1 1 .Backgroundoft heStudy ... 1 2 .Signiifcanceoft heStudy ... 5 3 .ResearchQuesitons ... 11 4 .Scopeoft heStudy ... 21 5 .ResearchMethod ... 13 6 .Chapters Outilne ... 14

I I R E T P A H

C LITERATUREREVIEW ........................................................ 16 1 .Reviewo fRelatedStudies... 16 2 .Theoreitca lFramework ... 21

1 Pau lRicouer’ sConcep to fSuspicion ... 21 .

2 ErvingGoffman’ sConcep to fSitgma ... 26 .

3 DavidMayal’l sConcep tofGypsyI dent y ti ... 03 E

F I L S ’ A N E H T A N I S N G I S E H T I I I R E T P A H

C ........................................ 36 e

h T .

1 DeadWtich ... 37 .

2 TheOirginoft heWtich ... 04 .

3 TheLegacyoftheWtich ... 68 E

C N A T S I S E R S ’ A N E H T A V I R E T P A H

C .................................................... 76 .

1 TheEalryResistance... 76 .

2 SitgmaResistancet hroughGeneraitons... 82 .

3 SitgmaResistancea saWtich ... 84 .

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ii i v V

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C CONCLUSION......................................................................... 93 .

1 Achievemen tandSigni ifcance ... 93 .

2 Relevance ... 98 Y

H P A R G O I L B I

B .......................................................................................... 01 2 ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. X I D N E P P

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A :Biographyo fPauloCoelho... ... 106 .. 2

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A Anggoro(2016 .) S itgma itza itonandS itgmaResistanceinPaulo s ’ o h l e o

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T TheWticho fPo trobellotor evea lCoelho' s s

s e

T TheWticho f

o ll e b o t r o

P a swel last hes oluitonofs uchs itgmaitzaiton sass eeni nt hecharacters ' n il a e d n I . e c n a t s i s e

r gwtihsuchi ssues ,theinterpretaitonoft het exti sessenital.I n g n it e r p r e t n

i The Wtich o f Portobello , thi s study employ s Pau l Ricoue'r s s a n o i c i p s u s f o s c it u e n e m r e h d e lt it h c a o r p p a l a c i h p o s o li h

p t heframeworkoft hi s

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t Addiitonally ,Erving Goffman’ sconcep tof sitgma and David Mayal’l s f o t p e c n o

t .Meanwhlie ,Goffman and Mayal’l sconcept sare n o i c i p s u s e h t e t a r o b a l e d n a y fi t n e d i o t d e s

u . Ther esistance soft hecharacter sare

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h istance .Thi swisdom in resisitng sitgma thus become Coelho' s t e g a s s e

m ot hevicitm sofs itgmaitzaiton.I nt heend ,thist hesi sarguest hatt hrough

o ll e b o t r o P f o h c ti W e h

T Coelho expect shi sreaders to develop sympathy ast he m g it s e h t d n e f e d o t p e t s t s ri

f aitzedi ndividual .s

f o e m e h t e h t n o e r o m e r o l p x e n a c s r e h c r a e s e r e r u t u f , y ll a n i F s a l l e w s a s k r o w s ' o h l e o C r e h t o n a n i n o it a z il a n i g r a

m deconsrtuctsthemi nordert o

s u h t d n a n e p p a h n a c n o it a z il a n i g r a m h c u s w o h n o r e w s n a t e

g provide et h b est

. n o it u l o s o w y e

(13)

K

A

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T

S

B

A

1 0 2 ( o r o g g n A o t e S s u n a ir d

A 6 .) S itgma itza itonandS itgmaResistanceinPaulo s

’ o h l e o

C TheWticho fPortobello. Yogyakatra :Magiste rKaijan BahasaI ngg irs , .

a m r a h D a t a n a S s a ti s r e v i n U , a n a jr a s a c s a P m a r g o r P

ti l e n e

P ian i n imenggunakan nove lPaulo Coelho yang bejrudu lTheWtich o

ll e b o t r o P f

o untuk mengungkap pesan Coelho dalam menyikap iidenttia syang m

a l a D . n a k a m g it s i

d novelini ,Coelhomengk irits ipembe iransitgmayangbanyak r

a j a w p a g g n a i

d sampa i saa t ini . Coelho menunjukkan buruknya efek dar i t

a k a r a y s a m a d a p e k a m g it s n a ir e b m e

p terutama kaum margina l dengan cara

s u r e n e m s u r e t a i d a n a m i d i s i s o p m a l a d a y n a m a t u r e t k a r a k n a k k a t e l e m

i a g a b e s i k il i m a i d g n a y s a ti t n e d i a n e r a k n a k a m g it s i

d Gypsy .Untuk menangkap

o h l e o C n a s e

p dalampermasalahans itgmasisas,is ayamenggunakanmetodekaijan n

a k ri s f a n e m m a l a d a k a t s u

p nove lini dengan menunjukkan sitgmaitsas iyang r

e t k a r a k i m a l a i

d -karakternyadanbagaimanamerekabereaks.i m

e m i n i s i s e

T baha spermasalahan sitgmasisas idengan solusinya diilha t ir

d pelrawanan karakter-karakte rd idalam novel .Dalam menginterpretas i The o

ll e b o tr o P f o h c ti

W ,thesi sin imenggunakan pendekatan flioso if skarya Pau l l

u d u jr e b r e u o c i

R hermeneuitc so f suspicion sebaga ikerangka berpiki rdalam i

n i s i s e h

t . eS baga itambahan ,konsep sitgma karya Erving Goffman dan konsep s

a ti t n e d i g n a t n e t l l a y a M d i v a

D Gypsy digunakan sebaga ipendukung argumen .

i r o e

T hermeneu itcsRicoue rberperan sebaga ikerangkaberpikri nd a jugasebaga i m

a j a tr e p m e m k u t n u s it ir k n a ri k i m e p l e d o

m peneilitan .Konsep Goffman dan

n a k s a l e j n e m n a d i s a k if it n e d i g n e m k u t n u n a k a n u g i d l l a y a

M suspicion tersebut .

n a s e p n a k k u j n u n e m a k g n a r m a l a d a s il a n a i d a g u j r e t k a r a k a r a p i r a d n a n a w a lr e P

i s a s it a m g it s n a h a l a s a m r e p i s a t a g n e m k u t n u o h l e o

C .

k u j n u n e m i n i n a it il e n e

P kan bahwa Athena yang secara teru smeneru s a

m g it s g n u g g n a n e m m a l a d n a ir i d n e s u l a l e s k a d it i s a s it a m g it s i m a l a g n e

m -sitgma

t u b e s r e

t karena karakte rlain membelanya dengan berbaga icara .Pengalaman -t

u b e s r e t i s a s it a m g it s n a m a l a g n e

p , bersama dengan kemampuan sfia t dan

a s a i b k a d it g n a y a n e h t A n a u p m a m e

k ,membawanya pada identtia syang pailng

a m g it s t a p a d n e m k a y n a

b —seorang wtich .Athena melawan sitgmaitsas itersebu t a

r a c i a g a b r e b n a g n e

d . Cara-cara yang selalu berubah in i menunjukkan a

n a s k a ji b e K . a n e h t A n a a n a s k a ji b e

k a n tersebu tmenjad ipesan Coelho untuk para i

s a s it a m g it s n a b r o

k .Akhrinya ,thesisi n iberpendapa tbahwamelalu iTheWtich o f o

ll e b o t r o

P Coelho menginginkan pembacanya untuk bersimpaitsebagail angkah i

s a s it a m g it s n a b r o k p a it e s a l e b m e m k u t n u l a w

a .

t a k r i h k

A a ,parapenelti id imasayang akan datang dapa tmengeksploras i a

m e

n a d i d a jr e

t membe irkansolus iyangt erbai k. i

c n u k a t a

(14)

N

O

I

T

C

U

D

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I

1 Backgroundoft heStudy

y ll u f t o n e r a y e h t e s u a c e b r e f f u s s y a w l a s e it ir o n i m r e h t o y n a m d n a s e i s p y G

t e i c o s t s o h r o j a m e h t y b d e t p e c c

a ies .Manyhisto ircal events r ecordthe brutaltiy t ha t y

e h t e s u a c e b y l n o e v i e c e r o t e v a h y e h

t are different from common people .Thei r ,

s e it it n e d

i ort heatt irbute swhichmakethemdfiferent, areperceivedast hreat samong .

e l p o e p r e h t

o Thus , sitgma i s “an att irbute tha t i s deeply discrediitng”1 _w_h_li_e f

o n o it c a e h t o t s r e f e r n o it a z it a m g it

s labeilng an att irbute wtih sitgma . sA a resutl , a

m g it s e h t f o e s u a c e b r a e f n i e v il s y a w l a y e h

t driected t o t hose i denitites. Many o f s

e it it n e d i r i e h t e d i h o t d e c r o f e r a e l p o e p e s e h

t ,causing them to suffer .Sadly ,such e

r a s n o it a z it a m g it

s stli lqutiecommon i nt hist wenty-fris tcentury .Thedeclaraitono f e

h t h ti w g n i h t e m o s s e o d y l d r a h s t h g ir n a m u

h sitgmaitzaitons tha thappen around t he .

d lr o w

k r o w s i h n i n o it a z it a m g it s f o e u s s i h c u s s e s i a r o h l e o C o l u a

P The Wtich o f

o ll e b o t r o

P .Athena ,the main protagonis to fthe story ,i sa woman who constanlty a

m g it s e h t f o e s u a c e b s r e f f u

s she receives .Athen 'a sstoryi s t old by her l ove racitng r o t a r r a n d e m a n n u s i h t , y r o t s e h t f o g n i n n i g e b e h t n I . y h p a r g o i b r e h f o r o t a r r a n a s a

n i p o n w o y m e s o p m i o t n o it n e t n i y m t ' n s a w t i e c n i S “ s e t a t

s ion sont her eade .r.. Isoon

h c a o r p p a t s e b e h t t a h t d e d i c e d d n a y h p a r g o i b t h g i a rt s a g n it ir w f o a e d i e h t d e n o d n a b a

(15)

” e m d l o t d a h e l p o e p t a h w e b ir c s n a rt o t y l p m i s e b d l u o

w 2 .The Wtich o fPortobello

h t a e d l a t u r b s ’ a n e h t A h ti w s tr a t

s —mutliated and burned .Soon a tfer ,the plo tset s y

a d e h t o t k c a

b when a Ch irsitan couple from Beriu tadopt she rwhen she i sstli lan h

c i h w , t n a f n

i reveal stha the rbi trh mothe ri sa Gypsy .Athena’ schlidhood i san .

e r u t u f e h t t c i d e r p d n a s g n i h t e e s o t e l b a s i e h s e s u a c e b e n o l a u s u n

u A sshegrow sup ,

s e it it n e d i r e h o t d e t c e ri d s n o it a z it a m g it s s u o ir a v s e c n e ir e p x e a n e h t

A . However ,

.s n o it a z it a m g it s h c u s t s i s e r o t y a w a s d n if s y a w l a a n e h t

A sA anadul tshet irest o ifnd

t u

o he rreali denttiy ,whichl ead shert ohe rbi trhmother .Theencounte rw tihhe rbi trh c

, a n a il i L , r e h t o

m hange she rlfie forever .She become smore aware o fhe rGypsy s

n r a e l e h S . r e w o p r e h d n a y ti t n e d

i abou thowt ousehe rpower f rom awomannamed s

A . r o t n e m s ’ a n e h t A r e h s e k a m h c i h w , a d d

E a resutl ,Athenai sablet o rtansformi nto .

a if o S a i g a H d e ll a c e s l e e n o e m o

s Int hisf orm,s hei sablet operformva irou smriacle .s h ti w m e h t p l e h n a c r e w o p r e h k n i h t y e h t e s u a c e b r e h w o ll o f o t e m o c e l p o e p y n a M

h t t a t l u c c i n a t a S e h t “ s a m e h t d e s u c c a k c u B n a I d n e r e v e R , r e v e w o H . s m e l b o r p r i e h

t e

( ” d n a l g n E f o t r a e

h TWP 224) .He then gather shi spa irshioner sto protes tthem .In e fi l r e h e u n it n o c d n a h t a e d r e h e k a f o t s a h a n e h t A , 't n u h h c ti w ' s i h t e p a c s e o t r e d r o

. y lt e r c e s

o h l e o

C “seldom use scomplex allego ires ,metaphors ,or i dioms .Al lhi swork s i h f o s tr a e h e h t o s l a t u b n o it a n i g a m i e h t y l n o t o n s e r u t p a c e l y t s s i h .. . e l p m i s s i

2 _P_a_u_l_o _C_o_e_l_h_o_,_T_h_e _W_ti_c_h _o_f_P_o_r_t_o_b_e_ll_o₍_A _B_r_u_x_a _d_e _P_o _tr_o_b_e_ll_o ₎ _rt_a_n_s_._M_a_r_g_a_r_e_t_J_u_l_l_C_o_s_t_a₍_N_e_w :

k r o

(16)

s e v l e s r u o g n i d n if n i s e il s s e n i p p a h .. .s i e g a s s e m s i H . s r e d a e

r ”3. In The Wtich o f

, o ll e b o t r o

P Coelhoconsistenltyuses t he samestyle . tI i sastoryo fa woman named w

a n e h t

A h o t ire sto ifnd happines sby ifnding hersefl .However ,before ifnding r

e h e s u a c e b t s ri f g n ir e f f u s h ti w l a e d o t s a h a n e h t A s s e n i p p a

h idenit ites ea r

sitgmaitzedbadlybyt hesocietyeveni nanurbansetitng.Throught hi snovel ,Coelho a

h t e z i s a h p m e o t s t n a

w tmany innocen tvicitm ssuffe rbecause they expe irence r

a li m i

s sitgmaitzaitona sAthena’s. o

h l e o

C ha sar easont ochoose urban setitng .A ssuggestedbyPete rH .Mann , e

t idea lform o fsocial l fie should be present i n t he ciite sbecause “tolerance o fo r avoidance o f eccent irc behaviou r i s much more ilkely in the ctiy than the

e d i s y rt n u o

c ”4_._O_n_e _o _f_t_h_e _r_e_a_s_o_n_s _b_e_h_i_n_d _t_h_i _s_t_o_l_e_r_a_n_c_e _i _s_b_e_c_a_u_s_e _c_i _it_e _s_a_n_d _o_t_h_e _r a

h s a e r a n a b r

u v e bette raccess t o socia lservice ssuch a spoilce depa trment .In othe r c

a y n a , s d r o

w t sofi ntolerancet ha thappeni nside t heseurbanarea sarepunishableby y

a w r e tt e b a n i w a

l . A sar esul,tt her esident so furbanarea sareconsideredt obemore .s

a e r a l a r u r n i g n i v il e r a o h w e s o h t o t d e r a p m o c d e z il i v i

c Urbanarea sarealsoknown

i e h t r o

f r seculartiy . “Compeititon among town s sitmulated speciailzaiton and l a c i h p a r g o e g d n a s ll i k s g n it n u o c c a , y c a r e ti l r o f d e e n e h T . n o it a v o n n i l a c i g o l o n h c e t

” n o it a c u d e r a l u c e s n i t s e v n i o t s n w o t e h t e s u a c e g d e l w o n

k 5_._T_h_i _s_s_e_c_u_l_a_r _ti_y_i _s_o_n_e _o _f

e h

t reasons why people in urban area sare considered modern .I ti sbeileved that a

3 _G_l_a_u_c_o _O_tr_o_l_a_n_o _&_P_a_u_l_o _C_o_e_l_h_o_{, “}_A_n _I_n_t_e_r_v_i_e_w _w_ti_h _P_a_u_l_o _C_o_e_l_h_o_:_T_h_e _C_o_m_i_n_g _o_f_A_g_e _o _f_a n

o n e m o n e h P n a il i z a r

B ”, World Ltierature Today 77 , 1 (Apr-Jun 2003): 75 , W , eb 6 May 02 31 <http://wwwj.sto.rorg/stable/40157785>.

4_P_e_t_e_r_H_._M_a_n_n_,_A_n_A_p_p_r_o_a_c_h_t_o_U_r_b_a_n_S_o_c_i_o_l_o_g_y₍_L_o_n_d_o_n_:_R_o_u_lt_e_d_g_e_&_K_e_g_a_n_P_a_u_l_,₁₉₇₀₎₁₀₉_.

5_K_i_n_g_s_l_e_y _D_a_v_i_s_,“_T_h_e_U_r_b_a_n_i_z_a_it_o_n_o_f_t_h_e_H_u_m_a_n _P_o_p_u_l_a_it_o_n_”,_U_r_b_a_n_i_s_m_i_n _W_o_r_l_d _P_e_r_s_p_e_c_it_v_e_:_A

r e d a e

(17)

d n u o r a n o i n i p o d n a e d u ti tt a f o y ti s r e v i d e h t f o s s e n e r a w a e r o m s w o h s “ n a m n r e d o m

, d n a e k il a s k n i h t e n o y r e v e t a h t f e il e b e h t n i f f o f l e s m i h g n i s o l c n a h t r e h t a r , m i h

m i h e k il t s u j , d e e d n

i .”6

l a i c o s n a m u h f o m r o f l a e d i e h t s a n e e s s i e fi l n a b r u , d e n o it n e m y l s u o i v e r p s A

. r e h t e g o t e fi l n r e d o m a e fi l d n a s e it i s r e v i d e h t t p e c c a n a c e n o y r e v e e r e h w e fi

l T his

l a e r e h t h c t a m t o n s e o d , r e v e w o h , m s il a e d

i -lfiecondiiton .Desptiet he modernizaiton , a

e r e h

t res tli lmanyurbanr esident swhocannotacceptt hediversiite samongt hem .A s a resul ,tt heybecomet heculprtist hats itgmaitzemanyi nnocen tvicitm .s

s k r o w r e h t o s i h n i n e e s e b n a c a m g it s f o r e g n a d e h t f o s s e n e r a w a s ’ o h l e o

C .I n

s e t u n i M n e v e l

E ,Coelhot ellst hestoryo faprosttiutenamedMaira .Sinceprosttiuiton s a k r o w o h w e s o h t e z it a m g it s o t d n e t e l p o e p , n e m o w r o f s b o j t s r o w e h t f o e n o s i

e t u ti t s o r

p s .Int hi snovel ,Coelhogoesf romdiscussingt hesitgmaoft heprosttiutest o n

e m o w e h t f o a m g it s e h

t in general. A s the narrato r o f thi snovel ,he state s d n a , a m g it s a e t a e r c o t y l n o s e v r e s m r e t e h t d n a , d lr o w e h t l o rt n o c n e m , s y a d a w o n “

” e t u ti t s o r p a d e b b u d y ll a c it a m o t u a s i e n il f o t u o s p e t s o h w n a m o w y n

a 7_._I_n_T_h_e_W_ti_c_h

o ll e b o t r o P f

o ,Coelho develop sthe sitgmaitzaiton issue in a much broade rway . t

a h t w o h s o t s t n a w o h l e o C , a n e h t A h g u o r h

T everyone can be the vicitm o f

. n o it a z it a m g it

, y ll a it i n

I Athena seem s ilke anorma lperson who t irest o make a ilvingi n an a

e r a n a b r

u .However ,Athenaalwaysf eelst hatshei sl ackings omething .Event hough

6_A_l_e_x_I_n_k_e_l_e_s_{, “}_T_h_e_M_o_d_e_r_n_i_z_a_it_o_n _o _f_M_a_n_”,_U_r_b_a_n_i_s_m_i_n _W_o_r_l_d _P_e_r_s_p_e_c_it_v_e_:_A_R_e_a_d_e_r_,_E_d_._S_y_l_v_i_a

a v a F s i e l

F (NewYork :Thoma sY .Crowel lCompany ,1968)363.

7_P_a_u_l_o_C_o_e_l_h_o_,_E_l_e_v_e_n_M_i_n_u_t_e_s₍_O_n_z_e_M_i_n_u_t_o_s₎_t_r_a_n _.s_M_a_r_g_a_r_e_t_J_u_l_l_C_o_s_t_a₍_N_e_w_Y_o_r_k_:_H_a_r_p_e_r_C_o_l_il_n_s_, )

3 0 0

(18)

r e h o t g n i d r o c c a e fi l l u f s s e c c u s a s a h e h

s adopitve mother ,she decide sto ifnd he r g

n o l r e h e c a r b m e d n a r e h t o m h tr i

b -forgottenGypsyidenttiy.

h , y e n o m n r a e o t y ti li b a r e h , s s e c c u s l a n o i s s e f o r p r e h l l a f i s a s a w t

I er j oya t

n o s r e h h ti w d e y a l p e h s n e h w t n e m t n e t n o c r e h , e m o h w e n a d n u o f g n i v a

h —

n o s d n a r g y

m —had al lbeen relegated to second place . Iwa squ tie simply h tr i b r e h f o h c r a e s n i o g o t d e d i c e d d 'e h s t a h t e m d l o t e n ir e h S n e h w d e if ir r e t

.r e h t o

m (TWP 48 - )8 5 o

H wever , embracing he r Gypsy identtiy also mean s expe irencing simlia r , e n o y s p y G e h t y ll a i c e p s e , s e it it n e d i r e h f o h c a E . s r o t s e c n a r e h s a n o it a z it a m g it s

. y t e i c o s e h t o t n o it a l e r n i s m e l b o r p t n e r e f fi d s t n o r f n o c

2 Signi ifcanceoft heStudy

h t n i n e e s e b n a c s

A e b ire fsummary ,Athena’ sGypsy i denttiy i sone o fhe r t

a h t s e it it n e d

i i sheavliys itgmaitzed .TheGypsiest hemselve shavebecomeoneoft he a s a m e h t e z it a m g it s s l a i c if f o e h t n e v E . o g a e m it g n o l e c n i s s e it e i c o s d e z il a n i g r a m

g i s e b o t r a e p p a e r e h T “ . e c a n e

m ni ifcan tsimlia ir ite sbetween of ifcia land ltierary o t e ri s e d a d n a e c a n e m d n o b a g a v e h t r e v o n r e c n o c l a e r a g n i w o h s h t o b h ti w , s e c r u o s

d lr o w r e d n u e v i s r e v b u s d n a t n a r e n it i e h t f o e c a f e h t n i r e d r o n i a t n i a

m .”8 _G_y_p_s_y_’ _s

s u j s i e c a n e m d n o b a g a v s a n o it a z it a m g it

s toneoft hes itgmat hatt heyhavet or eceive . s

e ti r w e h s k o o b e h t n i r e t c a r a h c y s p y G s t u p s e m it e m o s o h l e o

C such a s The

t s i m e h c l

A .

I The Alchemist, Gypsy appear sa sa mino rcharacte rwtih an ablitiy to .

s m a e r d t e r p r e t n

i The Alchemist tisefl t ell sastory o fa boy namedSanitago who ha s

(19)

n e d d i h a o t m i h s d a e l ti e s u a c e b m a e r d t a h t s w o ll o f n e h t e H . e c i w t m a e r d e m a s e h t

o t p l e h r e h r o f k s a o t y s p y G a o t s e m o c e h , y r o t s e h t f o g n i n n i g e b e h t t A . e r u s a e rt

s w o h s y s p y G e h t h ti w r e t n u o c n e s i H . m a e r d t a h t t e r p r e t n

i how people alway s

. e p y t o e r e t s g n i v i g y b m e h t e z it a m g it s

t a h t d i a s o s l a s a w t I .s r e h t o g n i k c ir t s e v il r i e h t t n e p s s e i s p y G t a h t d i a s e l p o e P

g n i k a t , d n a n e r d li h c d e p p a n d i k y e h t t a h t d n a , li v e d e h t h ti w t c a p a d a h y e h t

d a m , s p m a c s u o ir e t s y m e h t o t y a w a m e h

t e t hem t hei rslaves .A sa chlid, t he y b d e r u t p a c e b d l u o w e h t a h t h t a e d o t d e n e t h g ir f n e e b s y a w l a d a h y o b

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m e h t o t n o it a z it a m g it s f o e u s s i e h t s e s i a r o h l e o

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s n a m u h t a h t f e il e b s ’ o h l e o C h ti w e e r g a o t s m e e s m u t a T l e i n a D y lr e v e B . fl e s ti y ti t n e d i

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r o f s e u n it n o c d n a e c n e c s e l o d

a a lfieitme”21_._I_n _t_h_e _e_n_d_,_s_h_e _e_m_p_h_a_s_i_z_e _s_o_n _h_o_w . s t n e m g d u j n o m m o c s ’ y t e i c o s e h t f o e s u a c e b k s a t h c u s e v a h o t s i t i t l u c if fi d

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M The Wtich o fPortobello ,Athena also encounter ssimlia rdfi ifcutly .

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l a o g h c u s g n i v e i h c a n i p l e h n a c y d u t s s i h t n i d e y o l p m

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h es'j ourneyt o ifndheri denttiybu tmoreonhowt hesociety I , s r e d a e r n a i s e n o d n I h ti w y lr a l u c it r a P . n o it a z it a m g it s f o t c e j b u s a s a y ti t n e d i r e h s e e s

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t can en irch them wtih plurailsm values .Anothe rhopei s t o grasp Coelho' s c

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t 22_,_t_h_a_t _i _s_w_h_y _I_a_l_s_o _h_o_p_e _t_h_a_t _t_h_i _s_s_t_u_d_y_c_a_n _a_l_w_a_y _s e

o C f o s r e d a e r e h t d n i m e

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. e c n e i c s n o c d n a , n o i s s a p m o c , e c n e t e p m o c d li u b o t y ti s r e v i n U a m r a h D a t a n a S

n it c u d n o c e r a s r e h c r a e s e r , y lr a l u c it r a

P g thei rstudies on magica l reailsm .

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r i .”s 23

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O H L E O C O L U A P F O Y H P A R G O I B a s a b o j s i H . li z a r B , o ri e n a J e d o i R n i , 6 4 9 1 , 0 2 t s u g u A n r o b s a w o h l e o C o l u a P s i h y b d e i n a p m o c c a s i o h l e o C , s n o i s a c c o y n a m n I .t o l a l e v a rt o t m i h s e ri u q e r r e ti r w e ti

l raryagen tnamedM฀nica Antunes .A sa ilnkbetweenCoelho andt he pubilshing r e f e r s r e h s il b u p y n a m , s i h t f o e s u a c e B . s s e n s s e l h t u r r e h r o f n w o n k s i a c i n o M , d lr o w .' a n o l e c r a B f o h c ti w e h t' s a r e h o t

Coelho i sthe fris tchlid o fthe Braziilan couple Lygia Ara irpe Coelho de s e e s m o m s i h d n a e e r h t s i o h l e o C n e h W . a z u o S e d o h l e o C a m i e u Q o r d e P d n a a z u o S s 't I ? a m a M , y a d o t y t h g u a n g n i e b m 'I y h w w o n k u o y o d “ : s e il p e r e h y l d a b e v a h e b m i h a b s i h d n a d r a h y r e v g n i k r o w n e e b s 'e H . g n i k r o w t ' n s i l e g n a n a i d r a u g y m e s u a c e

b ttery

” t u o n u r s a

h .158 A san elementarystudent ,Coelho ha sa t hinand weakbody .Coelho . g n it ir w n i t n e l a t s i h s w o h s h c i h w , l o o h c s s i h n i n o it it e p m o c g n it ir w a s n i w e c n o o t e u D . s t c e j b u s l o o h c s s i h f o y n a m n i s li a f o h l e o C , g n it ir w n i t n e l a t s i h f o e ti p s e D

hi sdeviances ,Coelho' sparents t hen force him t o t ake a p irvate l essons—”physica l n o o n r e tf a e h t n i g n i y d u t s d n a g n i n r o m e h t n i e s i c r e x

e ”.159 _C_o_e_l_h_o _h_i_m_s_e_l _f

. e c n e ir e p x e h c u s s e t a h e h h c u m w o h s e g d e l w o n k c a a w “ e h n e h w m i h l o rt n o c o t e u n it n o c s t n e r a p s ' o h l e o

C sf orcedt o enroll i nt he

d e p o h d a h e h s a s tr a e h t n a h t r e h t a r m a e rt s e c n e i c

s ”.160 _A _s_c_a_n _b_e _s_e_e_n_,_t_h_e_y _d_o _n_o_t

” l a m r o n “ a n i o h l e o C t u p y ll u f e c r o f y e h T . r e ti r w a s a e v il o t n o s r i e h t e e s o t h s i w 8 5

1 _F_e_r_n_a_n_d_o _M_o_r_a_i_s_,_P_a_u_l_o _C_o_e_l_h_o _:_A _W_a_r_r_i_o _'r _s_L_fi_e_:_T_h_e _A_u_t_h_o_r_i_z_e_d _B_i_o_g_r_a_p_h_y ₍_N_e_w _Y_o_r_k_:

. 8 4 ) 9 0 0 2 , s n il l o C r e p r a H 9 5

1 _M_o_r_a_i_s_,₅₄_. 0

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u l y s a l a t n e m a o t t n e s s i o h l e o C , l o o h c s n i y l d a b g n i o D . r e e r a

c mj us tbefore hesta tr s

a s i m e h t f o e n o , s t n e m t a e rt f o t o l a s e o g r e d n u o h l e o C e r e H . t s il a n r u o j a s a r e e r a c s i h . 't n e m t a e rt k c o h s' e c n a b r u t s i d l a t n e m t a h t a e d i e h t n o d e s a b s a w y p a r e h t e v i s l u v n o c o rt c e l E i a r b e h t n i s e c n a b r u t s i d l a c ir t c e l e' m o r f d e tl u s e

r n' .A tfert ent ot wentysession s e h t y b d e s u a c s n o i s l u v n o c e h t , y a d r e h t o y r e v e d e il p p a s k c o h s c ir t c e l e f o e h t ' e z i n a g r o e r' , d e v e il e b s a w t i , d l u o w s e g r a h c c ir t c e l e f o n o i s s e c c u s l a m r o n o t n r u t e r o t m i h g n i w o ll a , n i a r b s 't n e it a

p .161

f o l e g n A e h t , y a d e n

O Death ,ort heappa iritono fdeath tisefl ,appear sbeforeCoelho. o h l e o C . m i h y f s it a s o t t a o g a s ll i k o h l e o C o s e c if ir c a s a s d n a m e d h t a e D f o l e g n A s i h T t n e p s I “ . m u l y s a e h t n i t n e p s e h e m it e h t l l a m o r f s r e f f u s e h w o h s ti m d a f l e s m i h y t n e w

t -eigh tdayst here ,missedclasse ,sl os tmyj obandwasr eleasedasi f Ihadbeen t s ri f e h t n i d e tt i m d a n e e b g n i v a h r e v e y m r o f n o s a e r o n s a w e r e h t h g u o h t n e v e , d e r u c ! e m it s i h t ti e n o d y ll a e r e v a h s t n e r a p y M . e c a l

p ”162 In t he end ,Coelho beileves t ha t e r e h t e m it s i h g n i d n e p

s give shimabette rwayt os eel fie—abette rwisdom.

a s e k a m e h , e m it e n O . e c n e ir e p x e l a r u t a n r e p u s s i h r o f n w o n k o s l a s i o h l e o C t h g u o h t g n o l a r e tf A . l u o s s i h f o e g n a h c x e n i s u o m a f m i h e k a m o t li v e D e h t h ti w t c a p l a s n i o j o s l a o h l e o C . t c a p e h t s l e c n a c e

h o to fsects .Oneof t hem i sThe Chlidren o f w o n d n a l i z a r B n i s r e w o ll o f f o s d e r d n u h t c a rt t a o t d e g a n a m d a h “ t c e s e h T . t c e s d o G , n e r d li h c h ti w x e s d e g a r u o c n e y e h t t a h t s a w h c i h w g n o m a , s n o it a g e ll a s u o ir e s d e c a f n e r d li h c n w o r i e h t d n a s t n e r a p n e e w t e b n e v

e ”.163

1 6

1 _M_o_r_a_i_s_,₁₄₇_. 2

1 _M_o_r_a_i_s_,₁₁₅_. 3

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ll e w o D c a M a il i c e C o t d e ir r a m o h l e o

C —o rCissa ,on2July1976 .“Theyhad t e s r e t a l d l u o w o l u a P e r e h w , o ll e b o tr o P r a e n , ll i H g n it t o N n i , d a o R t t e s s a B n i d e lt t e s

l e v o n s i

h The Wtich o fPortobello”.164 _C_o_e_l_h_o _w_o_r_k _s_a _s_a _l_y_ir_c _w_r_ti_e_r_w_h_li_e _C_i_s_s_a

u o j a s a s k r o

w rnailst .Coelho himsel fclaimst ha t“London wast he step Idreamed o f d

li h c a s a w I n e h w g n i k a

t ”.165 _I_n_t_e_r_m_o _f_w _ir_it_n_g_,_h_o_w_e_v_e_r_,_h_e_b_e_c_o_m_e _s_s_o_s_t_e_r_li_e_a_n_d

e h t n e h w e g a ir r a m s i h y b d e w o ll o f n e h t s i g n it ir w n i e r u li a f s ' o h l e o C . e v it c u d o r p n u

o t s e d i c e d e l p u o

c have a divorce on 24 March 1979 .Shorlty a tfer ,Coelho meet s d a h e h s h c i h w n o , t o r a t n i t s il a i c e p s a y d a e rl a e h s ,t e m y e h t n e h W “ . a c i c it i O a n it s ir h C

s n o it c i d e r p s ti t e r p r e t n i o t w o h w e n k e h s. .. d n a , s k o o b s u o r e m u n d a e

r ”.166

s ir h C o t e g a ir r a m d n o c e s s ' o h l e o

C itna since22June1980prevalist li lpresen t .

e m

it Two years l ate rwhen Coelho t urns t hi try six ,he ha sa spritiua lawakening i n ,

k o o b t s ri f s i h n i t i t u o b a e t o r w d n a n i a p

S The Pligrimage .However ,i twa shi s k

o o b d n o c e

s —The Alchemist which made him famous .Aside from the previously e

t o r w o s l a e h , s k r o w d e n o it n e

m Brida ,The Valkyries ,By the Rive rPiedra ISa t t

p e W d n a n w o

D ,Maktub ,The Fitfh Mountain ,Warrio ro fthe Light :A Manual , e

i D o t s e d i c e D a k i n o r e

V ,TheDevi landMis sPrym, ElevenMinutes ,TheZahir ,Like r

e v i R g n i w o l F e h

t ,TheWinne rStand sAlone ,Aleph ,Manuscrip tFoundi nAccraand y

r e tl u d

A .

4 6

1 _M_o_r_a_i_s_,₃₆₄_. 5

1 _M_o_r_a_i_s_,₃₆₇_. 6

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O H L E O C O L U A P H T I W W E I V R E T N I N A e lt it e h t h ti w d e h s il b u p s i w e i v r e t n i s i h

T AnI nterviewwtihPauloCoelho:t he n o n e m o n e h P n a il i z a r B a f o e g A f o g n i m o

C .The i nterview i sconducted by Glauco 3 0 0 2 n i o n a l o tr

O .O trolano ,who work sfo rWo lrd Ltierature Today (WLT) ,i s g n it t u p n i e l b i s n o p s e

r TheAlchemistint het op-ten ils to fBraziilannovelsf ort hepas t s o t o h l e o C g n i k s a s i n o it s e u q t s ri f s i H . s r a e y y t n e w

t hare hi ssecre to fltierary

, t s i x e t o n s e o d a l u m r o f h c u s t a h t g n i y a s y b s e il p e r o h l e o C . a l u m r o f e h t r o y m e h c l a d n o c e s s ' o n a l o tr O . r e tt e b f l e s m i h w o n k o t t e g o t s g n it ir w s i h s e s u y l n o e h t a h t d n a o C . s k r o w s i h e c n e u lf n i s k r o w e s o h w o h l e o C g n i k s a s i n o it s e u

q elhomeniton ssevera l

. e k a l B m a il li W d n a r e ll i M y r n e H , o d a m A e g r o J ,s e g r o B s i u L e g r o J : s e m a n s u o m a f o h l e o C , r e ti r w n a il i z a r B s a f l e s m i h s e e s o h l e o C f i g n i k s a s i o n a l o tr O e li h W a w o h o s l a t u b l i z a r B t u o b a g n it ir w s y a w l a t o n s i ti t a h t g n it a t s y b s d n o p s e

r Braziilan

f o e c n a t s l a c i g o l o e d i r o l a c it il o p e h t k s a o t d e ir t o s l a o n a l o tr O . d lr o w e h t s e e s s k r o w s ' o h l e o

C .Coelho answer sbystaitng t ha this l tierature i scommitted t o a new y ti t n e d i n w o s i h f o h c r a e s n i n a m : e d u ti tt a l a c it il o

p .O trolano also emphasizes the

o h l e o C . n o it i d n o c n a m u h o t g n i d r a g e r n r e c n o c e r o m e v i g o t e r u t a r e ti l r o f d e e n h c a e t c e p s e r e w f i d e v e i h c a e b n a c s n a m u h n e e w t e b s p i h s n o it a l e r d o o g t a h t s e v e il e b , t s o m e h t e v o l o h l e o C k r o w h c i h w t u o b a n o it s e u q h ti w s d n e w e i v r e t n i e h T . r e h t o h l e o C e r e h

w oanswert ha thel ovet hemequally.167

7 6