Verba (L) Gerak Bahasa Sunda : Kajian Struktur Dan Makna.
DAFTAR ISI
ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................................ i
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................ ii
KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................................................... iii
DAFTAR ISI .........................................................................................................................v
DAFTAR LAMBANG DAN SIMBOL ............................................................................... x
BAB I PENDAHULUAN .....................................................................................................1
1.1 Latar Belakang .................................................................................................................1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah ...........................................................................................................6
1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ............................................................................................................6
1.4 Kerangka Teori ...............................................................................................................6
1.5 Metode dan Teknik .........................................................................................................7
1.5.1 Metode Penelitian .....................................................................................................7
1.5.2 Metode Kajian ...........................................................................................................8
1.5.3 Teknik Pengumpulan Data ........................................................................................9
1.6 Sumber Data ....................................................................................................................9
BAB II KAJIAN TEORI ......................................................................................................11
2.1 Kata .................................................................................................................................11
2.3 Verba dan Bentuknya .......................................................................................................13
2.3.1 Afiksasi ........................................................................................................................14
2.3.1.1 Prefiksasi …………………………………………………………………………...14
2.3.1.2 Infiksasi .....................................................................................................................15
2.3.1.3 Sufiksasi ....................................................................................................................15
2.3.1.4 Kombinasi Afiks .......................................................................................................15
v
vi
2.3.1.5 Simulfiksasi ...............................................................................................................16
2.3.2 (Re)duplikasi/Pengulangan ..........................................................................................16
2.4 Klasifikasi Verba .............................................................................................................17
2.5 Verba(l) Gerak ................................................................................................................18
2.6 Komposisi Preposisi dengan Verba(l) Gerak ..................................................................21
2.7 Semantik (Makna) ...........................................................................................................23
2.7.1 Makna Leksikal ............................................................................................................24
2.7.2 Makna Gramatikal (Kaitan antara Aspek dengan Verba(l) Gerak) ..............................25
BAB III ANALISIS VERBA GERAK BAHASA SUNDA; KAJIAN STRUKTUR DAN
MAKNA ...............................................................................................................................28
3.1 Pembuka ..........................................................................................................................28
3.2 Verba yang Menyatakan Gerak .......................................................................................29
3.2.1 Verba Dinamis .............................................................................................................29
3.2.1.1 Verba Aktivitas .........................................................................................................30
3.2.1.1.1 Bentuk Dasar .......................................................................................................... 30
3.2.1.1.2 Bentuk Turunan ..................................................................................................... 31
3.2.1.1.2.1 Afiksasi ............................................................................................................... 32
3.2.1.1.2.1.1 Prefiksasi .......................................................................................................... 32
3.2.1.1.2.1.1.1 Prefiksasi ba- ................................................................................................ 32
3.2.1.1.2.1.1.2 Prefiksasi m- .................................................................................................. 33
3.2.1.1.2.1.1.3 prefiksasi nga- ............................................................................................... 35
3.2.1.1.2.1.1.4 Prefiksasi ny- ................................................................................................. 37
vii
3.2.1.1.2.1.2 Kombinasi Afiks .............................................................................................. 38
3.2.1.1.2.1.2.1 Infiks –al- + Sufiks –an ................................................................................. 39
3.2.1.1.2.1.2.2 Prefiks nya- + Infiks –al- + Sufiks –keun ..................................................... 40
3.2.1.1.2.1.3 Simulfiksasi ...................................................................................................... 41
3.2.1.1.2.1.3.1 Prefiks {N-} dengan alomorf (n-, m-, nga-, ny-) + Sufiks –an ..................... 42
3.2.1.1.2.1.3.1.1 Prefiks N- + Sufiks –an .............................................................................. 42
3.2.1.1.2.1.3.1.2 Prefiks m- {N-} + Sufiks –an ..................................................................... 43
3.2.1.1.2.1.3.1.3 Prefiks nga- {N-} + Sufiks –an .................................................................. 44
3.2.1.1.2.1.3.2 Prefiks {N-} dengan alomorf (n-, m-, ng-(nga-), ny-) + Sufiks –keun ......... 46
3.2.1.1.2.1.3.2.1 Prefiks N- + Sufiks –keun .......................................................................... 46
3.2.1.1.2.1.3.2.2 Prefiks m- {N-} + Sufiks –keun .................................................................48
3.2.1.1.2.1.3.2.3 Prefiks ng- {N-} + Sufiks –keun ................................................................49
3.2.1.1.2.2 Reduplikasi ......................................................................................................... 50
3.2.1.1.2.2.1 Dwimurni ......................................................................................................... 51
3.2.1.1.2.2.1.1 Dwimurni berafiks (prefiks Nasal {N-} dan sufiks –an) .............................. 52
3.2.1.1.2.2.2 Dwireka ............................................................................................................ 54
3.2.1.1.2.2.3 Dwipurwa Berafiks (sufiks –an) ...................................................................... 55
3.2.1.1.2.3 Komposisi Preposisi dengan Verba(l) Gerak ...................................................... 56
3.2.1.1.2.3.1 Preposisi Direktif Lokasional Tak Tentu ........................................................ 57
3.2.1.2 Verba Peristiwa Transisional ................................................................................... 58
3.2.1.2.1 Bentuk Dasar .......................................................................................................... 59
3.2.1.2.2 Bentuk Turunan ..................................................................................................... 60
3.2.1.2.2.1 Afiksasi ............................................................................................................... 60
viii
3.2.1.2.2.1.1 Prefiksasi .......................................................................................................... 61
3.2.1.2.2.1.1.1 Prefiksasi m- .................................................................................................. 61
3.2.1.2.2.1.1.2 Prefiksasi ng- ................................................................................................ 62
3.2.1.2.2.1.1.3 Prefiksasi nga- .............................................................................................. 64
3.2.1.2.2.1.1.4 Prefiksasi ny- ................................................................................................. 65
3.2.1.2.2.1.1.5 Prefiksasi ka- ................................................................................................. 67
3.2.1.2.2.1.1.6 Prefiksasi ti- .................................................................................................. 68
3.2.1.2.2.2 Reduplikasi .........................................................................................................69
3.2.1.2.2.2.1 Dwimurni Berafiks (Sufiks –an) .....................................................................70
3.2.1.2.2.2.2 Dwipurwa Berafiks (sufiks –an) ......................................................................71
3.3 Makna yang Menyatakan Gerak .....................................................................................72
3.3.1 Makna Pusat Gerak ......................................................................................................72
3.3.1.1 Gerak Mobilitas Tubuh .............................................................................................73
3.3.1.1.1 Beranjak/Berdiri .....................................................................................................73
3.3.1.1.2 Jatuh .......................................................................................................................74
3.3.1.1.3 Bergoyang/Menari ..................................................................................................74
3.3.1.2 Gerak Aktivitas Kaki ................................................................................................75
3.3.1.2.1 Berjalan ..................................................................................................................76
3.3.1.2.2 Berlari ....................................................................................................................77
3.3.1.2.3 Melompat/Lompatan ..............................................................................................78
3.3.1.2.4 Kecelakaan .............................................................................................................79
3.3.1.3 Gerak Aktivitas Tangan ............................................................................................79
3.3.1.3.1 Memungut ..............................................................................................................80
ix
3.3.1.3.2 Tarikan/Dorongan ..................................................................................................80
3.3.1.3.4 Pukulan ..................................................................................................................81
3.3.2 Makna Acuan Ruang (Lokasional) ..............................................................................82
3.3.2.1 VG menginklusifkan Ruang Darat ............................................................................82
3.3.2.2 VG Menginklusifkan Ruang Air ...............................................................................84
3.3.2.3 VG Menginklusifkan Ruang Udara ..........................................................................85
3.3.3 Makna Verba(l) Gerak dengan Arah ............................................................................87
3.3.4 Verba(l) Gerak Waktu Internal ....................................................................................88
3.3.4.1 Keaspekan Perfektif (Telis) ......................................................................................89
3.3.4.2 Keaspekan Imperfektif (Atelis) .................................................................................90
3.3.4.2.1 Habituatif-tan Progresif-Frekuentatif .....................................................................91
3.3.4.2.2 Kontinuatif-Progresif .............................................................................................92
BAB IV SIMPULAN DAN SARAN ..................................................................................94
4.1 Simpulan .........................................................................................................................94
4.2 Saran ...............................................................................................................................95
SINOPSIS .............................................................................................................................96
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...........................................................................................................99
LAMPIRAN I .......................................................................................................................101
LAMPIRAN II ......................................................................................................................110
BIOGRAFI ............................................................................................................................122
ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................................ i
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................ ii
KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................................................... iii
DAFTAR ISI .........................................................................................................................v
DAFTAR LAMBANG DAN SIMBOL ............................................................................... x
BAB I PENDAHULUAN .....................................................................................................1
1.1 Latar Belakang .................................................................................................................1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah ...........................................................................................................6
1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ............................................................................................................6
1.4 Kerangka Teori ...............................................................................................................6
1.5 Metode dan Teknik .........................................................................................................7
1.5.1 Metode Penelitian .....................................................................................................7
1.5.2 Metode Kajian ...........................................................................................................8
1.5.3 Teknik Pengumpulan Data ........................................................................................9
1.6 Sumber Data ....................................................................................................................9
BAB II KAJIAN TEORI ......................................................................................................11
2.1 Kata .................................................................................................................................11
2.3 Verba dan Bentuknya .......................................................................................................13
2.3.1 Afiksasi ........................................................................................................................14
2.3.1.1 Prefiksasi …………………………………………………………………………...14
2.3.1.2 Infiksasi .....................................................................................................................15
2.3.1.3 Sufiksasi ....................................................................................................................15
2.3.1.4 Kombinasi Afiks .......................................................................................................15
v
vi
2.3.1.5 Simulfiksasi ...............................................................................................................16
2.3.2 (Re)duplikasi/Pengulangan ..........................................................................................16
2.4 Klasifikasi Verba .............................................................................................................17
2.5 Verba(l) Gerak ................................................................................................................18
2.6 Komposisi Preposisi dengan Verba(l) Gerak ..................................................................21
2.7 Semantik (Makna) ...........................................................................................................23
2.7.1 Makna Leksikal ............................................................................................................24
2.7.2 Makna Gramatikal (Kaitan antara Aspek dengan Verba(l) Gerak) ..............................25
BAB III ANALISIS VERBA GERAK BAHASA SUNDA; KAJIAN STRUKTUR DAN
MAKNA ...............................................................................................................................28
3.1 Pembuka ..........................................................................................................................28
3.2 Verba yang Menyatakan Gerak .......................................................................................29
3.2.1 Verba Dinamis .............................................................................................................29
3.2.1.1 Verba Aktivitas .........................................................................................................30
3.2.1.1.1 Bentuk Dasar .......................................................................................................... 30
3.2.1.1.2 Bentuk Turunan ..................................................................................................... 31
3.2.1.1.2.1 Afiksasi ............................................................................................................... 32
3.2.1.1.2.1.1 Prefiksasi .......................................................................................................... 32
3.2.1.1.2.1.1.1 Prefiksasi ba- ................................................................................................ 32
3.2.1.1.2.1.1.2 Prefiksasi m- .................................................................................................. 33
3.2.1.1.2.1.1.3 prefiksasi nga- ............................................................................................... 35
3.2.1.1.2.1.1.4 Prefiksasi ny- ................................................................................................. 37
vii
3.2.1.1.2.1.2 Kombinasi Afiks .............................................................................................. 38
3.2.1.1.2.1.2.1 Infiks –al- + Sufiks –an ................................................................................. 39
3.2.1.1.2.1.2.2 Prefiks nya- + Infiks –al- + Sufiks –keun ..................................................... 40
3.2.1.1.2.1.3 Simulfiksasi ...................................................................................................... 41
3.2.1.1.2.1.3.1 Prefiks {N-} dengan alomorf (n-, m-, nga-, ny-) + Sufiks –an ..................... 42
3.2.1.1.2.1.3.1.1 Prefiks N- + Sufiks –an .............................................................................. 42
3.2.1.1.2.1.3.1.2 Prefiks m- {N-} + Sufiks –an ..................................................................... 43
3.2.1.1.2.1.3.1.3 Prefiks nga- {N-} + Sufiks –an .................................................................. 44
3.2.1.1.2.1.3.2 Prefiks {N-} dengan alomorf (n-, m-, ng-(nga-), ny-) + Sufiks –keun ......... 46
3.2.1.1.2.1.3.2.1 Prefiks N- + Sufiks –keun .......................................................................... 46
3.2.1.1.2.1.3.2.2 Prefiks m- {N-} + Sufiks –keun .................................................................48
3.2.1.1.2.1.3.2.3 Prefiks ng- {N-} + Sufiks –keun ................................................................49
3.2.1.1.2.2 Reduplikasi ......................................................................................................... 50
3.2.1.1.2.2.1 Dwimurni ......................................................................................................... 51
3.2.1.1.2.2.1.1 Dwimurni berafiks (prefiks Nasal {N-} dan sufiks –an) .............................. 52
3.2.1.1.2.2.2 Dwireka ............................................................................................................ 54
3.2.1.1.2.2.3 Dwipurwa Berafiks (sufiks –an) ...................................................................... 55
3.2.1.1.2.3 Komposisi Preposisi dengan Verba(l) Gerak ...................................................... 56
3.2.1.1.2.3.1 Preposisi Direktif Lokasional Tak Tentu ........................................................ 57
3.2.1.2 Verba Peristiwa Transisional ................................................................................... 58
3.2.1.2.1 Bentuk Dasar .......................................................................................................... 59
3.2.1.2.2 Bentuk Turunan ..................................................................................................... 60
3.2.1.2.2.1 Afiksasi ............................................................................................................... 60
viii
3.2.1.2.2.1.1 Prefiksasi .......................................................................................................... 61
3.2.1.2.2.1.1.1 Prefiksasi m- .................................................................................................. 61
3.2.1.2.2.1.1.2 Prefiksasi ng- ................................................................................................ 62
3.2.1.2.2.1.1.3 Prefiksasi nga- .............................................................................................. 64
3.2.1.2.2.1.1.4 Prefiksasi ny- ................................................................................................. 65
3.2.1.2.2.1.1.5 Prefiksasi ka- ................................................................................................. 67
3.2.1.2.2.1.1.6 Prefiksasi ti- .................................................................................................. 68
3.2.1.2.2.2 Reduplikasi .........................................................................................................69
3.2.1.2.2.2.1 Dwimurni Berafiks (Sufiks –an) .....................................................................70
3.2.1.2.2.2.2 Dwipurwa Berafiks (sufiks –an) ......................................................................71
3.3 Makna yang Menyatakan Gerak .....................................................................................72
3.3.1 Makna Pusat Gerak ......................................................................................................72
3.3.1.1 Gerak Mobilitas Tubuh .............................................................................................73
3.3.1.1.1 Beranjak/Berdiri .....................................................................................................73
3.3.1.1.2 Jatuh .......................................................................................................................74
3.3.1.1.3 Bergoyang/Menari ..................................................................................................74
3.3.1.2 Gerak Aktivitas Kaki ................................................................................................75
3.3.1.2.1 Berjalan ..................................................................................................................76
3.3.1.2.2 Berlari ....................................................................................................................77
3.3.1.2.3 Melompat/Lompatan ..............................................................................................78
3.3.1.2.4 Kecelakaan .............................................................................................................79
3.3.1.3 Gerak Aktivitas Tangan ............................................................................................79
3.3.1.3.1 Memungut ..............................................................................................................80
ix
3.3.1.3.2 Tarikan/Dorongan ..................................................................................................80
3.3.1.3.4 Pukulan ..................................................................................................................81
3.3.2 Makna Acuan Ruang (Lokasional) ..............................................................................82
3.3.2.1 VG menginklusifkan Ruang Darat ............................................................................82
3.3.2.2 VG Menginklusifkan Ruang Air ...............................................................................84
3.3.2.3 VG Menginklusifkan Ruang Udara ..........................................................................85
3.3.3 Makna Verba(l) Gerak dengan Arah ............................................................................87
3.3.4 Verba(l) Gerak Waktu Internal ....................................................................................88
3.3.4.1 Keaspekan Perfektif (Telis) ......................................................................................89
3.3.4.2 Keaspekan Imperfektif (Atelis) .................................................................................90
3.3.4.2.1 Habituatif-tan Progresif-Frekuentatif .....................................................................91
3.3.4.2.2 Kontinuatif-Progresif .............................................................................................92
BAB IV SIMPULAN DAN SARAN ..................................................................................94
4.1 Simpulan .........................................................................................................................94
4.2 Saran ...............................................................................................................................95
SINOPSIS .............................................................................................................................96
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...........................................................................................................99
LAMPIRAN I .......................................................................................................................101
LAMPIRAN II ......................................................................................................................110
BIOGRAFI ............................................................................................................................122