THE DEFENSE MECHANISM OF IAGO AS A TRAITOR TO BUILD TRUST IN OTHELLO WILLIAM SHAKESPEAR’S THE DEFENSE MECHANISM OF IAGO AS A TRAITOR TO BUILD TRUST IN OTHELLO WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE DRAMA: A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH.
THE DEFENSE MECHANISM OF IAGO AS A TRAITOR TO
BUILD TRUST IN OTHELLO WILLIAM SHAKESPEAR’S
DRAMA: A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as Particular Fulfillment of Requirement
For Getting Bachelor Degree of education
In English Department
by
YOGA N BANI
A 320 050 143
ENGLISH TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2011
i
APPROVAL
THE DEFENSE MECHANISM OF IAGO AS A TRAITOR TO
BUILD TRUST IN OTHELLO WILLIAM SHAKESPEAR’S
DRAMA:
A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
by
YOGA N BANI
A 320 050 143
Approved to be examined team by Consultant:
Consultant I
Consultant II
Drs. Abdillah Nugroho, M.Hum.
NIK. 589
Titis Setyabudi SS.
NIK. 948
ii
ACCEPTANCE
THE DEFENSE MECHANISM OF IAGO AS A TRAITOR TO
BUILD TRUST IN OTHELLO WILLIAM SHAKESPEAR’S
DRAMA:
A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
by
YOGA N BANI
A 320 060 141
Accepted and Approved by the Board of Examiners
Schools of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
On July 2010
The Board of Examiners:
1. Drs. Abdillah Nugroho, M.Hum.
(Chair person)
(…………………)
2. Titis Setyabudi,SS.
( Member I)
(…………………)
3.
(…………………)
(Member II)
Dean,
Drs. Sofyan Anif, M., Si
NIK. 547
iii
TESTIMONY
On this occasion, the writer states that in this research paper, there is no
plagiarism of the previous literary work which has been raised to obtain Bachelor
Degree of University, nor there are opinions or master-pieces which have been
written or published by others, except referred written in this research paper and
mentioned in the bibliography.
If it is proved that there are mistakes in the writer‟s statement above later in
the future, he will be wholly responsible.
Surakarta, 1 March 2010
The Writer,
YOGA N BANI
A 320 060 141
iv
MOTTO
Don’t ask what other people can do for you
but ask what you can do for other people
(Nelson Mandella)
Everything DEPENDs ON ourselves. NEVER GIVE UP!!!
ALLAH will always make everything MUCH BETTER”
( Writer )
v
DEDICATION
Alhamdulillah..............
This research paper is dedicated to:
Beloved Father and Mother, you are my
wings and you are my inspirations, your
care always become my spirit, I Love
You Pulll...
My Biggest Family for support and
giving me spirit to „Ngrampungne’ the
„Kuliah’.
My “Qory” always accompanies in
sadness, happiness, and all condition in
my life.
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalaamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Alhamdulillaahirobbil'aalamiin.........., thanks to God for giving her the chance
to breathe the wind of heaven and a perfect night to work so he can accomplish his
research paper entitled "The Defense mechanism of Iago as a Traitor to Build Trust in
Othello William Shakespear’s Drama: A Psychoanalytic Approach " as a partial
fulfillment of the requirements for getting bachelor degree of education in English
Department of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
The writer realizes that this research paper would never be possible without
other people's help, so that the writer would like to express his gratitude and
appreciation to:
1. Drs. Sofyan Anif, M., Si., the Dean of the School of Teacher Training and
Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
2. Titis Setyabudi, Ss the Chief of English Department who has permitted him to
conduct this paper, and the second consultant for being a good consultant and
giving the writer suggestion in correcting this research paper
3. Drs. Abdillah Nugroho, M.Hum , the first consultant who has given a valuable
guidance and suggestion during the completion of this research paper,
4. His beloved Mom and Dad, your smile and advice to rise up my spirit, you are my
wings to reach my dreams.
vii
5. His beloved sister, Yomi Hanifah A, I can do my best; I know you can do to.
6. His best friends; Abu Ba-u, Haris Bandeh, Glenn Prenli, Merdeka Boarding
House, all of Kopma member‟s, I proud with you all.
7. Qory “Jandi From Pekalongan” I love you.
Deep down on the writer's heart, the writer realizes that this research paper is
still far from being perfect, so all suggestions and criticisms for improving this
research are accepted widely and happily. Hopefully, this research paper will be
useful for the readers and prospective researchers.
Wassalaamu'alaikum Warahmatullaahiwabarkaatuh.
Surakarta, 1 March 2010
YOGA N BANI
viii
SUMMARY
YOGA N BANI: A 320 060 141. ANXIETY TO FIND SELF IDENTITY OF
AUGUST RUSH IN AUGUST RUSH MOVIE BY KRISTEN SHERIDAN (2007): A
PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH Research paper 2010.
This research is aimed to analyze the structural elements of the August Rush in
August Rush movie by Kristen Sheridan such as character and characterization, plot,
point of view, style and theme based on individual psychological perspective.
This research is a qualitative research. The data are taken from document
analysis. The object of the study is the anxiety in finding self identity of august rush
in august rush movie.
The result of study show a close relationship between August Rush movie and
Psychoanalytic, particularly in conscious and unconscious or the id, ego and
superego of Evan in finding his identity through music. In August Rush movie, Evan
the most have his realistic anxiety, like the explanation above that Evan is a kid who
has a natural nature that isn‟t change with the surround. Evan start when he knows
that he needs her parent to grows him up. Every day and every night before or while
sleep, Evan always think and dreams that his parent still alive somewhere. Behind his
blanket he always smiles and plants his confidence within. That is natural for a kid.
While the other anxiety (neurotic and moral anxiety) it‟s only support the realistic
anxiety as a basic nature of human when they‟re kid. It can be explain that in this
Evan‟s Id is the most dominant then superego and ego is the most dominant then
superego. It can be seen that because Evan‟s id and ego is a natural nature of kids that
isn‟t changed at all with the surround neighborhood. Evan finally chooses to run from
Wizard in favor of performing at his concert. In the meantime, Louis races to the park
when he sees Evan's pseudonym along with Lyla's name on a sign billing the concert.
Evan conducts his piece, and at its conclusion, when he turns around to see Lyla and
Louis standing hand in hand, he knows that he is reunited with his mother and father
at last
Keywords: Amxiety, Id, Ego, Superego, August Rush.
Consultant I
Consultant II
Dr.Phil. Dewi Chandraningrum.
NIK . 772
Titis Setyabudi Ss.
NIK. 948
Dean
Drs. Sofyan Anif, M., Si
NIK. 547
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE ...............................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL ......................................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE .................................................................................................
iii
TESTIMONY ....................................................................................................
iv
MOTTO .............................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION ...................................................................................................
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................
vii
SUMMARY .......................................................................................................
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT ....................................................................................
x
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ....................................................................
1
A. Background of the Study.......................................................
1
B. Literature Review ..................................................................
3
C. Problem Statement ................................................................
4
D. Limitation of the Study .........................................................
4
E. Objective of the Study...........................................................
4
F. Benefit of the Study ..............................................................
4
G. Research Method ...................................................................
5
H. Paper Organization ................................................................
7
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY .....................................................
8
A. Underlying Theory ................................................................
8
1. Notion of Psychoanalysis ................................................
8
x
2. Structure of Personality ...................................................
9
3. Defense Mechanisms ......................................................
14
B. Structural Elements of the Drama .........................................
16
a. Character and Characterization .......................................
16
b. Plot ..................................................................................
17
c. Setting .............................................................................
18
d. Point of View ..................................................................
19
e. Theme..............................................................................
20
CHAPTER III: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ................................................
22
A. Character and Characterization .............................................
22
1. Major Chracter ................................................................
22
2. Minor Character ..............................................................
23
B. Plot ........................................................................................
24
1. External conflict ..............................................................
25
2. Internal conflict ...............................................................
26
C. Point of View ........................................................................
27
D. Theme ....................................................................................
28
E. Setting ...................................................................................
28
F. Discussion .............................................................................
29
CHAPTER IV: PSYCHOANALYTIC ANALYSIS ......................................
31
A. Structure of Iago‟s Personality ..............................................
31
1. Id .....................................................................................
31
xi
2. Ego ..................................................................................
33
3. Superego ..........................................................................
34
B. Defense of Iago ....................................................................
36
1. Denial ..............................................................................
36
2. Displacement ...................................................................
39
3. Intellectualization ............................................................
39
4. Rationalization ................................................................
43
5. Regression .......................................................................
46
C. Discussion ............................................................................
48
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ...................................
51
A. Conclusion ............................................................................
51
B. Suggestion .............................................................................
53
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX’s
xii
BUILD TRUST IN OTHELLO WILLIAM SHAKESPEAR’S
DRAMA: A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as Particular Fulfillment of Requirement
For Getting Bachelor Degree of education
In English Department
by
YOGA N BANI
A 320 050 143
ENGLISH TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2011
i
APPROVAL
THE DEFENSE MECHANISM OF IAGO AS A TRAITOR TO
BUILD TRUST IN OTHELLO WILLIAM SHAKESPEAR’S
DRAMA:
A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
by
YOGA N BANI
A 320 050 143
Approved to be examined team by Consultant:
Consultant I
Consultant II
Drs. Abdillah Nugroho, M.Hum.
NIK. 589
Titis Setyabudi SS.
NIK. 948
ii
ACCEPTANCE
THE DEFENSE MECHANISM OF IAGO AS A TRAITOR TO
BUILD TRUST IN OTHELLO WILLIAM SHAKESPEAR’S
DRAMA:
A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
by
YOGA N BANI
A 320 060 141
Accepted and Approved by the Board of Examiners
Schools of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
On July 2010
The Board of Examiners:
1. Drs. Abdillah Nugroho, M.Hum.
(Chair person)
(…………………)
2. Titis Setyabudi,SS.
( Member I)
(…………………)
3.
(…………………)
(Member II)
Dean,
Drs. Sofyan Anif, M., Si
NIK. 547
iii
TESTIMONY
On this occasion, the writer states that in this research paper, there is no
plagiarism of the previous literary work which has been raised to obtain Bachelor
Degree of University, nor there are opinions or master-pieces which have been
written or published by others, except referred written in this research paper and
mentioned in the bibliography.
If it is proved that there are mistakes in the writer‟s statement above later in
the future, he will be wholly responsible.
Surakarta, 1 March 2010
The Writer,
YOGA N BANI
A 320 060 141
iv
MOTTO
Don’t ask what other people can do for you
but ask what you can do for other people
(Nelson Mandella)
Everything DEPENDs ON ourselves. NEVER GIVE UP!!!
ALLAH will always make everything MUCH BETTER”
( Writer )
v
DEDICATION
Alhamdulillah..............
This research paper is dedicated to:
Beloved Father and Mother, you are my
wings and you are my inspirations, your
care always become my spirit, I Love
You Pulll...
My Biggest Family for support and
giving me spirit to „Ngrampungne’ the
„Kuliah’.
My “Qory” always accompanies in
sadness, happiness, and all condition in
my life.
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalaamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Alhamdulillaahirobbil'aalamiin.........., thanks to God for giving her the chance
to breathe the wind of heaven and a perfect night to work so he can accomplish his
research paper entitled "The Defense mechanism of Iago as a Traitor to Build Trust in
Othello William Shakespear’s Drama: A Psychoanalytic Approach " as a partial
fulfillment of the requirements for getting bachelor degree of education in English
Department of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
The writer realizes that this research paper would never be possible without
other people's help, so that the writer would like to express his gratitude and
appreciation to:
1. Drs. Sofyan Anif, M., Si., the Dean of the School of Teacher Training and
Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
2. Titis Setyabudi, Ss the Chief of English Department who has permitted him to
conduct this paper, and the second consultant for being a good consultant and
giving the writer suggestion in correcting this research paper
3. Drs. Abdillah Nugroho, M.Hum , the first consultant who has given a valuable
guidance and suggestion during the completion of this research paper,
4. His beloved Mom and Dad, your smile and advice to rise up my spirit, you are my
wings to reach my dreams.
vii
5. His beloved sister, Yomi Hanifah A, I can do my best; I know you can do to.
6. His best friends; Abu Ba-u, Haris Bandeh, Glenn Prenli, Merdeka Boarding
House, all of Kopma member‟s, I proud with you all.
7. Qory “Jandi From Pekalongan” I love you.
Deep down on the writer's heart, the writer realizes that this research paper is
still far from being perfect, so all suggestions and criticisms for improving this
research are accepted widely and happily. Hopefully, this research paper will be
useful for the readers and prospective researchers.
Wassalaamu'alaikum Warahmatullaahiwabarkaatuh.
Surakarta, 1 March 2010
YOGA N BANI
viii
SUMMARY
YOGA N BANI: A 320 060 141. ANXIETY TO FIND SELF IDENTITY OF
AUGUST RUSH IN AUGUST RUSH MOVIE BY KRISTEN SHERIDAN (2007): A
PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH Research paper 2010.
This research is aimed to analyze the structural elements of the August Rush in
August Rush movie by Kristen Sheridan such as character and characterization, plot,
point of view, style and theme based on individual psychological perspective.
This research is a qualitative research. The data are taken from document
analysis. The object of the study is the anxiety in finding self identity of august rush
in august rush movie.
The result of study show a close relationship between August Rush movie and
Psychoanalytic, particularly in conscious and unconscious or the id, ego and
superego of Evan in finding his identity through music. In August Rush movie, Evan
the most have his realistic anxiety, like the explanation above that Evan is a kid who
has a natural nature that isn‟t change with the surround. Evan start when he knows
that he needs her parent to grows him up. Every day and every night before or while
sleep, Evan always think and dreams that his parent still alive somewhere. Behind his
blanket he always smiles and plants his confidence within. That is natural for a kid.
While the other anxiety (neurotic and moral anxiety) it‟s only support the realistic
anxiety as a basic nature of human when they‟re kid. It can be explain that in this
Evan‟s Id is the most dominant then superego and ego is the most dominant then
superego. It can be seen that because Evan‟s id and ego is a natural nature of kids that
isn‟t changed at all with the surround neighborhood. Evan finally chooses to run from
Wizard in favor of performing at his concert. In the meantime, Louis races to the park
when he sees Evan's pseudonym along with Lyla's name on a sign billing the concert.
Evan conducts his piece, and at its conclusion, when he turns around to see Lyla and
Louis standing hand in hand, he knows that he is reunited with his mother and father
at last
Keywords: Amxiety, Id, Ego, Superego, August Rush.
Consultant I
Consultant II
Dr.Phil. Dewi Chandraningrum.
NIK . 772
Titis Setyabudi Ss.
NIK. 948
Dean
Drs. Sofyan Anif, M., Si
NIK. 547
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE ...............................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL ......................................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE .................................................................................................
iii
TESTIMONY ....................................................................................................
iv
MOTTO .............................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION ...................................................................................................
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................
vii
SUMMARY .......................................................................................................
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT ....................................................................................
x
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ....................................................................
1
A. Background of the Study.......................................................
1
B. Literature Review ..................................................................
3
C. Problem Statement ................................................................
4
D. Limitation of the Study .........................................................
4
E. Objective of the Study...........................................................
4
F. Benefit of the Study ..............................................................
4
G. Research Method ...................................................................
5
H. Paper Organization ................................................................
7
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY .....................................................
8
A. Underlying Theory ................................................................
8
1. Notion of Psychoanalysis ................................................
8
x
2. Structure of Personality ...................................................
9
3. Defense Mechanisms ......................................................
14
B. Structural Elements of the Drama .........................................
16
a. Character and Characterization .......................................
16
b. Plot ..................................................................................
17
c. Setting .............................................................................
18
d. Point of View ..................................................................
19
e. Theme..............................................................................
20
CHAPTER III: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ................................................
22
A. Character and Characterization .............................................
22
1. Major Chracter ................................................................
22
2. Minor Character ..............................................................
23
B. Plot ........................................................................................
24
1. External conflict ..............................................................
25
2. Internal conflict ...............................................................
26
C. Point of View ........................................................................
27
D. Theme ....................................................................................
28
E. Setting ...................................................................................
28
F. Discussion .............................................................................
29
CHAPTER IV: PSYCHOANALYTIC ANALYSIS ......................................
31
A. Structure of Iago‟s Personality ..............................................
31
1. Id .....................................................................................
31
xi
2. Ego ..................................................................................
33
3. Superego ..........................................................................
34
B. Defense of Iago ....................................................................
36
1. Denial ..............................................................................
36
2. Displacement ...................................................................
39
3. Intellectualization ............................................................
39
4. Rationalization ................................................................
43
5. Regression .......................................................................
46
C. Discussion ............................................................................
48
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ...................................
51
A. Conclusion ............................................................................
51
B. Suggestion .............................................................................
53
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX’s
xii