Contrasting the main character on Sleeping Beauty's short story written by Charles Perrault and film by Walt Disney.

CONTRASTING THE MAIN CHARACTER ON

SLEEPING BEAUTY

’

S

SHORT STORY WRITTEN BY CHARLES PERRAULT AND FILM BY

WALT DISNEY

THESIS

Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for

Sarjana Degree in English Department Faculty of Arts and Humanities State Islamic University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Jualita Masruro Reg. Number : A93213154

ABSTRACT

Masruro, Jualita. 2017. Contrasting the Main Character on Sleeping Beauty’s Short Story Written by Charles Perrault and Film by Walt Disney. Thesis. English Department. Faculty of Arts and Humanities. State Islamic University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya. Thesis Advisor : Dr. Mohammad Kurjum, M.Ag.

This study focuses on contrasting the main character description in the Sleeping Beauty short story by Charles Perrault in 1697 and Sleeping Beauty film by Walt Disney which is directed by Les Clark, Eric Larson, and Wolfgang Reitherman under supervision of Clyde Geronimi, released on 29 January 1959. Sleeping Beauty is a classic fairy tale which involves a beautiful princess, a sleeping enchantment, and a handsome prince. Sleeping Beauty tells about Princess who was cursed by the witch and she could only awakened by Prince charming.

The method of this study is descriptive qualitative in analyzing the short story and film. The objective of this study is to find out the differences of the main character description in the Sleeping Beauty short story and Sleeping Beauty film. The writer collects the data which are suitable with the statement of problems. The collected data analyzed using new criticism.

The result shows that the description of the main character in the short story is beautiful, smart, and brave. The description of the main character in film is beautiful, smart, obedient, and dreamer. So the difference is in the short story, Princess is brave, while in film, Princess is obedient and dreamer.

ABSTRAK

Masruro, Jualita. 2017. Contrasting the Main Character on Sleeping Beauty’s Short Story Written by Charles Perrault and Film by Walt Disney. Skripsi. Sastra Inggris. Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora. Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya.

Dosen Pembimbing : Dr. Mohammad Kurjum, M.Ag.

Studi ini berfokus pada deskripsi karakter utama dalam cerita pendek Sleeping Beauty oleh Charles Perrault pada tahun 1697 dan film Sleeping Beauty oleh Walt Disney yang disutradarai oleh Les Clark, Eric Larson, dan Wolfgang Reitherman di bawah pengawasan Clyde Geronimi, yang dirilis pada tanggal 29 Januari 1959. Sleeping Beauty adalah dongeng klasik yang

melibatkan seorang putri cantik yang sedang tidur, dan seorang pangeran tampan. Sleeping Beauty bercerita tentang Putri yang dikutuk oleh penyihir dan dia hanya bisa terbangun oleh pangeran tampan.

Metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dalam menganalisa cerita pendek dan film. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan deskripsi karakter utama dalam cerita pendek Sleeping Beauty dan film Sleeping Beauty. Penulis mengumpulkan data yang sesuai dengan rumusan masalah. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan menggunakan new criticism.

Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa cerita pendek adalah cantik, cerdas, dan berani. deskripsi karakter utama dalam film adalah cantik, cerdas, patuh, dan pemimpi. Bedanya dalam cerita pendek, Putri itu lebih berani, sedangkan di film, Putri itu lebih patuh dan pemimpi.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INSIDE COVER ... i

DECLARATION ... ii

ADVISOR APPROVAL SHEET... iii

EXAMINER APPROVAL ... iv

DEDICATION ... v

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ... vi

MOTTO ... viii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... ix

ABSTRACT ... xi

ABSTRAK ... xii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ... 1

1.1 Background of the Study ... 1

1.2 Statement of Problems ... 4

1.3 Objectives of the Study ... 4

1.4 Scope and Limitation ... 5

1.5 Significance of Study ... 5

1.6 Method of the Study ... 5

1.7 Definition of the Key Term ... 7

CHAPTER II LITERARY REVIEW ... 8

2.1 New Criticism ... 8

2.2.2 Characterization ... 12

2.2 Previous Study ... 14

CHAPTER III ANALYSIS ... 16

3.1 Main Character in Sleeping Beauty Short Story ... 16

3.2 Main Character in Sleeping Beauty Film ... 21

3.3 The Differences of the Main Character Description ... 24

CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS ... 33

4.1 Conclusion ... 33

4.2 Suggestions ... 34

BIBLIOGRAPHY ... 36 APPENDIX ...

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CHAPTER II LITERARY REVIEW

This part is centered on discussing the theory which is going to be used as a guide of conducting this research. The theory is new criticism which focuses on character and characterization to help finding out how the main character in the short story and movie are characterized.

2.2 New Criticism

New criticism is a formalist movement in literary theory. It emphasizes close reading and focuses on objectively evaluating the text. Readers’feelings or opinions about a text produce by some personal association from past experience rather than by the text (Tyson 135). By reading the text human may change their perceptions about literary work, human may assume, critic and conclude, but the literary text is same. Readers have an authority to interpret the literary text based on their experience and imagination as their creativity.

According to Rene Wellek and Austin Warren inTheory of Literature,the natural and sensible starting-point for studying a literary work is based on the interpretation and analysis that directly toward the work (139), they not only laid the basic notion that any literary research should begin with the understanding and learning of its own matter, but also gave power to the elements within the work itself.

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Tyson has mentioned that formal elements of new criticism are elements forming the literary text. Those elements include images, symbols, metaphors, rhyme, meter, point of view, setting, characterization and plot (138). The ways knowing the evidence of author’s intention or give reader’s interpretation is by reads the text and understands all the evidence provided by the language of the text: its images, symbols, metaphors, rhyme, meter, point of view, setting, plot, and characterization.

From new critical perspective, a reader begins the journey of discovering a text’s correct interpretation by reading a literary work and its relationship to the text. Since new criticism relates with characterization, this research is focus on the character development which can be noticed from several ways: showing

character’s appearance, displaying character’s action, revealing character’s thought, letting the character speak and knowing the character from other’s reaction toward the character base on the text (138). From Tyson starting point, the writer decides to explore the thesis analysis by applying new criticism theory which is focused on the character and characterization.

2.2.1 Character

Character has important role in a story, besides as a means of story that makes the story alive, character also represents a person becomes something interested in the story. According to Bennett and Royle,

characters are the life of literature. They are the objects of our curiosity and fascination, affection and dislike, admiration and criticism (60). It means

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characters are the technique that an author uses to reveal the personality and characteristic of a person in a story.

The technique to create a power in character itself will make the reader sympathy and antipathy through the characters and they can become part of the character in the story itself (Bennet and Royle 60). Character attracts the attention of audiences by making the role of character in a story is simply a copy of a person in a real life through action, speech,

description, and commentary, authors portray character that are worth caring about, rooting for, and even loving, although there are also characters you may laugh at, dislike, or even hate.

According to Kennedy and Gioia,there are some types of characters. They are flat, round, major, minor , protagonist, and antagonist (78). While Madden states that when characters lack the development that seems to bring them to life, lack the complexity that lets us know them as we know

people in our own lives, and seem to represent “types” more than real

personalities, they are called flat or stock characters (66). They are especially convenient for writers of commercial fiction: they require little detailed portraiture, for we already know them well. Although stock characters tend to have single dominant virtues and vices, characters in the finest contemporary short stories tend to have many facets, like people we meet (Kennedy and Gioia 77). Sometimes we know even judge the

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Abrams says, a round character is complex in temperament and motivation and is represented with subtle particularity; such a character therefore is as difficult to describe with any edequacy as a person in real life, and like real persons, is capable of suprising us (33).

“Round charcterization, like “dynamic,” requires space and emphasis;

is obviously usable for characters focal for point of view or interest;

hence is ordinarily combined with “flat” treatment of background figures the “chorus”. (Warren and Wellek 227).

It means that a round character has attitude and personality in complex. It is more complex than flat character. Kennedy and Gioia states that flat

characters tend to stay the same throughout a story, but round characters often change (78). So, a flat character is known the character has his or her virtuous and vices from the start the story tell about than a round character.

Moreover DiYanni, the major character is sometimes called a

protagonist whose conflict with an antagonist may spark the story’s conflict. Supporting the major character are one or more secondary or minor

characters whose function is partly to illuminate the major characters. Minor characters are often static or unchanging: they remain the same from the beginning of a work to the end (55). Madden says, when we find a character or characters who seem to be a major force in opposition to the protagonist, that character or characters is called the antagonist (66). So, there are some types of characters, namely: flat, round, major, minor, protagonist, and antagonist character.

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By studying character in a novel, someone can acquire the knowledge about character types of human being since character is representation of human life. Character becomes a prominent thing in this study since it focuses on the main characters named Princess inSleeping Beautyshort story and Aurora or Briar Rose inSleeping Beautyfilm.

2.2.2 Characterization

The purpose of characterization is to help the readers know and understandmore about character’s strength and weakness. It is easy to presume that successful characterization involves taking the reader to the heart, the inner core, of an imagined person (Muller 84). It primary explains about the real character in the story that has same aspect in real life. The realist characterization presupposes a mimetic model of literary texts whereby what is primary or original is a real person, and a character in a book is simply a copy of such a person. Such a model does not allow for a reversal of this relationship: it does not allow for the possibility that, for example, a person in“real life‟might be convincing to the extent that he or she resembles a person in a book (Bennet and Royle 63).

Characterization is an essential component in writing a good fiction because characterization has ability to characterize the people of one's imagination successfully (Holman,75). Thus, character is not enough to build a story. It must be clear how the author imagine the character in order to be more alive in a story. So characterization is how character described in the story.

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Holman said that characterization can be seen in the explicit

presentation by the author through direct expression. It can be seen in the

presentation of the character’s action or inside of the character itself (75). The characterization can be seen through the physical appearance, the dialog that character said, the action that they did, and also from their thought and feelings.

Characterization is the process by which the writer reveals the personality of a character. For examples, beautiful, obedient, smart, etc. Characterization is revealed through direct characterization and indirect characterization. Direct characterization tells the audience what the personality of the character is, for example; “He is handsome”. Indirect characterization shows things that reveal the personality of a character. There are five different methods of indirect characterization;

1) Speech - What does the character say? How does the character speak?; 2) Thoughts - What isrevealed through the character’s private

thoughts and feelings?; 3) Effect on - What is revealed through the

character’s others (others effect on other people? How do other feel

about the characters feel or behave in reaction to the character?; 4) Actions - What does the character do? How does the character

behave?; 5) Looks - What does the character look like? How does the character dress? (Holman 76).

Characterization is important because it is a part of making story. In order to make the reader interested in the character, they need to seem real. The author achieves it by depicting them as real human. A good characterization gives

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character alive and believable. This study will explore the thesis analysis by applying new criticism theory which is focused on the character and

characterization. Itwill be focused to analyze the main character description inSleeping Beauty’s short story and film.

2.3 Previous Studies

This study refers to previous studies related to the topic. The first related study is a graduating paper entitled“Main Character Alteration of Maleficent from Sleeping Beauty intoMaleficent Movie”written by Nur Halidasia, 2016, Alauddin State Islamic University of Makassar. This study focuses on the main character alteration from Sleeping Beauty film (1959) into Maleficent movie

(2014). The study is a qualitative method by Vladimir Propp’s narrative analysis

to deermine the position of the main character. The result is motivations changed that Maleficent may become a villain-heroin, but Disney is only willing to stretch the boundaries ofSleeping Beautyso far.Maleficenttries to common ideology and fit the same positive frame into the original story as what postmodernism purposed.

The second related study is a journal paper entitled“Sleeping Beauty or Rebellious Antagonist–Passive and Active Stereotypes in Fantasy and

Fairytales”weitten by Emma Norlin, 2009, Lulea University of Technology. In this study, Emma discovered that the passive themes, in a way, are more obvious. Eventhough all themes, e.g. sleep, appear on different levels, it is still easier to see that the sleep is a sign of passivity, than to definitively state that the fear

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characters have of powerful women. This makes it difficult to determine whether or not a fictional character exist within the bounds of a certain stereotype. As with everything, it is easier to state that a character may portray certain traits of a stereotype, and to conclude that stereotype exist, for better or for worst.

The similarity between this study and those previous studies is about the analysis of the main character. However, what makes this research different is that this research also analyzes about differences of main character description in Sleeping Beauty’sshort story and film, while the previous researchers just analyzedSleeping Beautyin a film, not in a short story.

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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

In literature, there are many ways to express ideas, especially in a literary work such as prose, poem, drama, or film. Literature creates imagination and does not always present as a fact or a reality. However, it may be created based on true story. Literature serves imaginative story. Literature commonly aims to entertain the readers with its pleasure story. It allows to draw on existing ideas to create new interesting works.

The common literary work nowadays is adaptation from written text to another media such as film. Adaptation of this kind is often described as deeply problematic; it is a real and common phenomenon that nevertheless constitutes a problem. In the transference of a story from one form to another, there is the basic question of

adherence to the source, of what can be lost. The early writings about the relationship between literature and film are valuable in identifying some of the core issues at the heart of the adaptation process (Maria 491). Adaptation is the transformation of literary text to film. Texts adapted by reworking it to suit a new purpose, audience and cultural context to emphasise a perspective or theme that was overlooked in the original text. An adaptation involves reworking the characters, plot and language of a text in a new medium or text type to make it simpler or more relevant to a new audience.

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One of story which is commonly adapted into movie is fairy tales. Disney

adaptations of fairy tales are particularly interesting to an intertextuality of children’s

literature because, as touchstones of popular culture, they reflect the way in which

each generation’s retellings have assumed and foregrounded the dominant socio-linguistic and cultural codes and values at a particular moment in history (Hunt, 133). This cannot be separated from pop culture ideas that is the media favored by society and the profitable ones that will be produced.

Sleeping Beautyis one of known fairy tale. The 1959 animated Disney classic called Sleeping Beauty was an adaptation of Charles Perrault's.Sleeping Beauty collected by the Brothers Grimm was an orally transmitted version of the originally literary tale published by Charles Perrault in 1697.Sleeping Beautyis a classic fairy tale which involves a beautiful princess, a sleeping enchantment, and a handsome prince.Sleeping Beautytells about Princess who cursed by the witch and she could only awakened by prince charming. Both of the story are similar, but there are several differences between them.

In Sleeping Beauty short story, when the Queen gave birth to a baby princess, seven fairies came down and gave the infant blessings. However one evil fairy set a curse that would make the princess prick her finger on a spindle of a spinning wheel and die. Seventh fairy set a magic on the princess that she would sleep, instead of dying, for a hundred years until a prince comes and awakes her from her sleep. At the age of 16, the princess gets her finger pricked by the spindle, and falls asleep. After

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prince goes into the castle and finds the princess asleep, she awakes, and they fall in love with each other. The princess and the prince marries and the princess gives birth to a daughter and a son, and they live happily ever after.

In Sleeping Beauty film, When a new princess is born to King Stefan and his wife, the entire kingdom rejoices. At a ceremony, three good fairies - Flora, Fauna, and Merryweather - bestow gifts of magic on the child. But an evil sorceress named Maleficent shows up, and because of a rude remark by Merryweather, she places a curse on the princess - that she will die before sunset on her 16th birthday after pricking her finger on a spinning wheel's spindle. Merryweather turns things around by casting a spell that will allow the princess - named Aurora - to awake from an ageless sleep with a kiss from her true love. The fairies take Aurora to their cottage in the woods to keep her away from the eyes of Maleficent, and raise her as their own child, named Briar Rose. On her 16th birthday Aurora meets Prince Phillip, the son of a king whose own kingdom will soon merge with King Stefan's - and falls in love. Maleficent manages to kidnap the Prince and her horrible prophecy is fulfilled when she tricks Aurora into pricking her finger on the spindle of a spinning wheel and falling asleep. Realizing that the Prince is in trouble, the three good fairies head to Maleficent's castle at the Forbidden Mountain, and spring the Prince loose. But the Prince soon finds himself up against Maleficent's army of brutes, and the power of Maleficent's evil spells - which include a thorn forest as thick as weeds around King Stefan's castle, and Maleficent transformed herself into a huge dragon and fought

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with the prince, who won the battle with the help of the three good fairies and a magic sword they gave to him. And then, when the evil witch was finally dead. Phillip and the fairies get inside the castle and up to the tower, where Aurora lies on her bed. Phillip slowly walks towards her and gives her a faint kiss on her lips. Aurora awakens, sees Phillip and begins to smile. Then, everyone in the kingdom awakened too, and Princess Aurora and Prince lived happily ever after.

Based on short story and filmSleeping Beautyabove, both of them there will be found similarities and differences in the description of characters. This study will focus on the differences in description of the main character inSleeping Beauty’s

short story and film. The writer using new criticism as the theoretical framework which focused on character and characterization.

1.2 Statement of Problems

1. How is the main character described in theSleeping Beautyshort story? 2. How is the main character described in theSleeping Beautyfilm?

3. What are the differences of the main character description in theSleeping Beautyshort story andSleeping Beauty film?

1.3 Objectives of the Study

Based on the problems, the objectives of the study aimed to:

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2. To describe the main character in theSleeping Beautyfilm.

3. To find out the differences of the main character description in theSleeping Beautyshort story andSleeping Beautyfilm.

1.4 Scope and Limitation

To avoid a broad discussion, this study focuses onthe main character’s

description in the short story and film. This study will stand on the scope of

contrasting the main character onSleeping Beauty short story by Charles Perrault in 1697 andSleeping Beautyfilm by Walt Disney which is directed by Les Clark, Eric Larson, and Wolfgang Reitherman under supervision of Clyde Geronimi, released on 29 January 1959 especially on the differences.

1.5 Significance of the Study

The writer hopes that this study will be useful for the readers especially students who are majoring in literature. The writer divides the significance into two categories, the theoretical and the practical ones.

Theoretically, the results of the study are expected to give some contribution to develop the theory and analysis on literary study related to new criticism in the short story and film especially in character description. Practically, the writer hopes that this study can be helpful reference for the english students who are interested in conducting further research.

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1.6 Method of the Study

This study is a descriptive qualitative research. This study usesSleeping Beautyshort story by Charles Perrault in 1697 andSleeping Beautyfilm by Walt Disney which is directed by Les Clark, Eric Larson, and Wolfgang Reitherman under supervision of Clyde Geronimi, released on 29 January 1959 as the main source data. Thus, through qualitative method this study wants to get a valid description about the differences of the main character description betweenSleeping Beautyin the short story andSleeping Beautyin film. This study collects the data from many sources; they are film, books, e-books, and also online sources to get better understanding. There are some steps that this study used in order to present the analysis:

a) Reading and understanding the short story carefully. b) Watching the film to understand it.

c) Collecting and selecting the data about the main character and characterization in the text and film..

d) Classifying sentences and dialogues which show the similarity and the difference characterization in the short story and film.

e) Analyzing the data that have been collected based on the statement problems.

f) Finding the difference characterization of the main character in the Sleeping Beauty’s short story andfilm.

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1.7 Definitions of the Key Term

Adaptation : a concept that derived by postmodernist Linda Hutcheon. She said that adaptations are everywhere today on the television and movie screen, on the musical and dramatic stage, on the internet, in novels and comic books, in our nearest theme park and video arcade (Hutcheon 2)

Fairytale : A fanciful story written for or told to children, usually containing at least one supernatural element (magic, dragons, elves, ghosts, hobgoblins, witches, etc.) affecting people, animals, and/or things. Most fairy tales are based on the traditional folklore of a specific culture. (Shores 1)

Short story : a piece of prose fiction which can be read at a single sitting. (Menrath 1)

Movie : the source of entertainment, attracting the audience as it is made according to the liking of the audience. It is aimed for the maximum profit. (Arnheim 6)

Film : a picture which is not aimed for profit but it is a piece of art conveying the information and lesson to the audience. It is mostly liked and watched by artist type people or the people who belongs to the literature. Film resembles painting, music, literature, and the dance in this respect—it is a medium that may, but need not, be used to produce artistic results. (Arnheim 5)

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CHAPTER III ANALYSIS

In this chapter, this study discusses the statement of problems. The first analysis are description of the main character in theSleeping Beautyshort story. The second analysis are description of the main character in theSleeping Beauty film. The third analysis are the differences the main character description between theSleeping Beauty’s short story andfilm. Inside this analysis process, this study uses new criticism theory to expose the differences description of the main character in difference literary works.

3.1 Main Character inSleeping BeautyShort Story

In theSleeping Beautyshort story by Charles Perrault is a fairytale published in 1697. This short story tells of a Princess who was cursed asleep for 100 years and then awakened by a king's son. They married and had two children. There are several characters involved in Perrault's Sleeping Beauty story. The characters are Princess, Prince, King, Queen, Seven Fairies, Old Fairy (Witch), Ogress (Mother in law), Morning, and Day.

Princess is the main character in theSleeping Beautyshort story.She considered as the main character because in the story the narrator always mentions Princess's name and she always becomes the center of the story. Main character is an important character dominates the story, usually be a protagonist. The author

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uses one person to narrate the story. Princess also belongs to a protagonist as the main character. There are the description of Princess:

3.1.1 Beautiful

Kant said in “Analytic of Beauty” thatdefinition of the beautiful is

deducible from the foregoing definition of it as an object of delight apart from any interest (5). It means beautiful depends on the logical judgment that is influenced by culture that defines beauty itself. For examples, beautiful for Indonesian with African are different. Beautiful for Indonesian are fair-skinned and dark-haired, while for African are black and curly-haired. It is just a difference of perception in perceiving beauty physically. However, beauty is not just physically visible, personality beauty is also important in interpreting beautiful itself. For example beautiful in thought, beautiful in behavior, beautiful in skill, beautiful in

appearance, etc.

InSleeping Beautyshort story, Princess is described as a beautiful figure. Beautiful can be found from the narrator's description in the following quotation:

“By this means the Princess had all theperfections imaginable” (Sleeping Beauty

1).Perfections is a relative description because everyone has different descriptions based on their respective cultures. Although the exact gifts are insignificant to the story, the narrator is interesting as a representation of the culture which the story comes. Rewards are awarded to Princess representing feminine traits. The following gifts are significant for this reason:

“In the meanwhile all the fairies began to give their gifts to the Princess. The youngest gave her for gift that she should be the most beautiful person

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in the world; the next, that she should have the wit of an angel; third, that she should have a wonderful grace in everything should did; the fourth dance perfectly well; the fifth, that she should ding like a nightingalee; and the sixth, that she should play all kinds of music to th utmost perfection.” (Sleeping Beauty 2)

“Most beautiful person in the world”is the physical beauty. Physical beauty is important things for female characters. The race of human has been obsessed with physical beauty. However, this gift is given first which implies that Princess will be beautiful.

“Wit of an angel”, wit is intelligence and cleverness. This is the second gift

and it placement shows that it is an important trait in making a virtually perferct

woman. “Wonderful grace”, grace is charm and elegance. Princess must have grace to be pleasant person. “Dance perfectly well”, dancing is importan in the

royal court especially in fairy tales. Princess must be able to dance well to present herself positively in public.“Sing like a nightingale”, singing is another talent which will increase the Princess’ range of talent. People with beautiful voices are held in high esteem. “Play all kinds of music”, like beautiful voices, the ability to

perform music was held in even higher esteem.

“One would have taken her for a little angel, she was so very beautiful; for her swooning away had not diminished one bit of her complexion; her cheeks were carnation, and her lips were coral; indeed, her eyes were shut, but she was heard to breathe softly, which satisfied those about her that she

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This quotation describes the physical beauty of Princess on sleeping. It shows that Princess has pink cheek and coral lips which natural color. The story aims to convince readers that the Princess is sleeping and in good health.

3.1.2 Smart

Smart is having or showing a quick-witted intelligence (Oxford). Princess described as a smart person though in the short story is unsignificant. At the beginning of the story when she was rewarded by the fairy, one of them is a wit of an angel which means intellegence and cleverness (see 3.1.1).

"What are you doing there, goody?" said the Princess.

"I am spinning, my pretty child," said the old woman, who did not know who she was.

"Ha!" said the Princess, "this is very pretty; how do you do it? Give it to me, that I may see if I can do so." (Sleeping Beauty 3)

In the quotation, Princess looks curious about new things. She learns spinning to Old Woman who does not know that she is a princess. It is just a picture in a short story that shows that she is a curious person about new things.

3.1.3 Brave

Brave is ready to face and endure danger or pain; showing courage

(Oxford). Princess is not described implicitly that she is a brave woman, but from the telling story she is a brave woman. This is evidenced by when she was sixteen years old, she went out of the kingdom by herself.

“...the young Princess happened one day to divert herself in running up and down the palace; when going up from one apartment to another, she came

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into a little room on the top of the tower, where a good old woman, alone, was spinning with her spindle. This good woman had never heard of the King's proclamation against spindles.”(Sleeping Beauty 3)

Later when Princess woke up from her long sleep becauseKing’s soncoming, she was not afraid of the stranger she had just seen.

And now, as the enchantment was at an end, the Princess awaked, and looking on him with eyes more tender than the first view might seem to admit of:

"Is it you, my Prince?" said she to him. "You have waited a long while." (Sleeping Beauty 9)

Later when Princess married Prince and had two children. Princess has to face her mother-in-law, Ogress who is a cannibal. When Ogress will eat her children, she boldly protects her children until Prince comes to save them.

"I have a mind to eat little Morning for my dinner tomorrow." "and will eat her with a sauce Robert."

"I will sup on little Day."

"I will eat the Queen with the same sauce I had with her children." (Sleeping Beauty 11-12)

"Do it; do it" (said she, stretching out her neck). "Execute your orders, and then I shall go and see my children, my poor children, whom I so much and so tenderly loved." (Sleeping Beauty 13)

3.2 Main Character inSleeping BeautyFilm

In theSleeping Beautyfilm by Walt Disney, all of the characters has their name. The characters are Princess Aurora, Prince Phillip, King Stefan, Queen,

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King Hubert, Maleficent, and Three Good Fairies (Flora, Fauna, and Merryweather).

The main character inSleeping Beautyon film is the same withSleeping Beautyon short story who became the main character is Princess Aurora or Briar Rose. There are the description of Princess Aurora:

3.2.1 Beautiful

Beautiful is pleasing the senses or mind aesthetically (Oxford). Beautiful has abroad meaning as described in the previous explanation (see 3.1.1). Beautiful in text and film has difference description because in the text the readers rely on the personal imagination influenced by each other's knowledge, while in film without being described in detail, the audiences will know the physical description of the characters by looking at the visualization.

Princess Aurora as the main character described as the most beautiful one that was given by Flora:

Flora: Each of us the child may bless with a single gift. No more, no less. [at the cradle] Little princess, my gift shall be the gift of beauty.

Choir: One gift, beauty rare Full of sunshine in her hair Lips that shame the red red rose She'll walk with springtime Wherever she goes (script 4)

This quotation shows that Aurora has blond hair and red lips. Physically visualized by image, Aurora is white, slim and elegant. Those beautiful that

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appear in the film based on western culture which means that people are said to be pretty is blond and fair-skinned. This shows that the film wants to impress the audience with the physical appearance of a Princess. Aurora also has a beautiful voice. In the film, there is a singing conversation that shows the beautiful voice of Aurora.

Briar Rose:

But if I know you I know what you'll do You'll love me at once [Phillip joins her singing]

3.1.3 Obedient

Obedient is complying or willing to comply with orders or requests;

submissive to another's will (Oxford). Obedient is obey the rules made by others. In this film, Aurora lives with three good fairies for 16 years. The three fairies provide rules that should not be violated by Aurora. Aurora is very obedient to the rules of three good fairies who look after her that she considers her aunts.

Merryweather: Want you to pick some berries. Flora: That's it, berries!

Briar Rose: Berries? Fauna: Lots of berries.

Briar Rose: But I picked berries yesterday. Flora: Oh, we need more, dear.

Fauna: Lots, lots more. Flora: Yes!

M a s r u r o |23

Flora: Now don't hurry back, dear. Merryweather: And don't go to far.

Flora: And don't speak to strangers. (Script 14)

Based on the quotation, Aurora is obey to her aunts’srules respectfully, although she may disagree with them. When Aurora meets Prince Phillip in the forest, she still remembers her aunt's rule.

Briar Rose :“...No, I'm really notsupposed to speak to strangers…”

3.2.3 Dreamer

Dreams are defined as the mental activity of the sleeper in so far as he is asleep (Freud 38). Dream is a series of thoughts, images, and sensations occurring in a person's mind during sleep. Dreamer is a person who dreams.

Aurora is a dreamer because she feels her dream is hindered by the rules who made by the three fairies who take care of her. She wanted to meet a prince whom she dreamed of.

Briar Rose:

Oh, a prince. Well, he's tall and handsome and ... and so romantic. Oh we walked together, and talked together, and just before we say goodbye, he takes me in his arms, and then ... I wake up. [the animals sink their heads]

Briar Rose:

Yes, it's only in my dreams. But they say if you dream a thing more than once, It's sure to come true. And I've seen him so many times! (Script 16)

M a s r u r o |24

In the quotation, Aurora or Briar Rose telling her dreams to the animals that she meet a prince. But it was only a dream that she woke up.

3.2.4 Smart

In this film, the main character also smart. Smart is quick to understand, learn, and devise or apply ideas (see 3.1.2). Aurora is aware of her surroundings, That proved when she was told to go to the forest to pick berries by her aunts.

Merryweather: Want you to pick some berries. Flora : That's it, berries!

Briar Rose : Berries? Fauna : Lots of berries.

Briar Rose : I picked berries yesterday.

Flora : Oh, we need more, dear. (Script 14)

This quotation shows that her aunts push her out of the cottage to pick berries, she stops, looks back, smiles, and then moves on. Aurora analyzes the situation, she knows they are throwing her out so they can decorate for her birthday.

3.3 The Differences of the Main Character Description in the Sleeping Beauty’s Short Story and Film

This part discusses the differences of the main character description in short story and film.

M a s r u r o |25

3.3.1 Beautiful

In short story and film, the main character is described as the most beautiful and physically perfect girl. The difference between the two beautiful depictions is the description of the main character in the story. On the short story, princess’ beauty is not described in detail, just mentioned that she is the most beautiful person in the world. While in the film, Aurora’sbeauty is described in detail because it supported by image.

“By this means the Princess had all theperfectionsimaginable.”

(Sleeping Beauty 1)

“In the meanwhileall the fairies began to give their gifts to the Princess. The youngest gave her for gift that she should be the most beautiful person in the world;”(Sleeping Beauty 2)

“One would have taken her for a little angel, she was so very beautiful; for her swooning away had not diminished one bit of her complexion; her cheeks were carnation, and her lips were coral; indeed, her eyes were shut, but she was heard to breathe softly...”

(Sleeping Beauty 4) In film:

Flora: Each of us the child may bless with a single gift. No more, no less. [at the cradle] Little princess, my gift shall be the gift of beauty.

Choir: One gift, beauty rare Full of sunshine in her hair Lips that shame the red red rose She'll walk with springtime (Script 4) Wherever she goes

M a s r u r o |26

Another difference that describes the beauty of the main character of the short story and the film is non physical beauty. In the short story, the princess is rewarded by seven fairies who in the prize are given wit of an angel, dance perfectly, sing like a nightingale, and play all kinds of music to the utmost perfection (Sleeping Beauty 2). While in film, there are only three fairies who give gifts to Aurora of beauty and song. Aurora has a beautiful voice, she sang until all the animals in the forest follow the strains of singing. Her voice was heard by Prince Phillip who falls in love with Aurora.

Phillip:“...There was something strange about that voice. Too

beautiful to be real. Maybe it was a mysterious being, a wood sprite ...”(Script 17)

However, the other beauty portrayed in the film isAurora’s delight, though she only shares her story with the animals in the forest.

3.3.2 Smart

In the short story, the main character is described as someone who is smart because she has been blessed by one of the fairies that is wit of an angel. One day she goes to a tower and meets an old woman, she wants to learn spinning, her curiosity makes her pierced needle and she has been sleeping for a long time because of a curse since she was a baby.

"What are you doing there, goody?" said the Princess.

M a s r u r o |27

"Ha!" said the Princess, "this is very pretty; how do you do it? Give it to me, that I may see if I can do so." (Sleeping Beauty 3)

In the film, Aurora's intelligence is visible when she gets his sixteenth birthday. Her aunts is preparing a surprise for her, so as not to get caught, they tell Aurora to go to the forest to pick the berries.

Merryweather : Want you to pick some berries. Flora : That's it, berries!

Briar Rose : Berries? Fauna : Lots of berries.

Briar Rose : I picked berries yesterday. Flora : Oh, we need more, dear.

Actually, she knows they are throwing her out so they can decorate for her birthday.

The smart differences depicted in the story are sensitivity. In short story, main character is curious to learn spinning. While in the film, main character is aware to her surrounding environments.

3.3.3 Dreamer

In short story, the main character is not described as a dreamer or what she wants. While in the film is different from the main characters on the short story. In film, the main character is the big dreamer. Her dream is to meet a prince who will take her to a magnificent palace. She wants to have someone beside her.

Briar Rose : Oh, a prince. Well, he's tall and handsome and ... and so romantic. Oh we walked together, and talked together, and

M a s r u r o |28

just before we say goodbye, he takes me in his arms, and then ... I wake up. [the animals sink their heads]

Briar Rose : Yes, it's only in my dreams. But they say if you dream a thing more than once, It's sure to come true. And I've seen him so many times!

The difference is the path traversed by the main character. In the short story, the main character's dream is not described. While in the film, the desire of the main character is delivered directly in front of his animal friends that she wants to meet a Prince who will take her to a great empire.

3.3.4 Obedient

Obedient is to obey the rules made by someone. In the short story, the obedient is shown by patrialkal. When Princess was married to the Prince. She obeys to her husband. Princess followed what the Prince said that he returned to his kingdom without bringing Princess and their children. Then Prince took them when his father was dead and left them again when going to war for several days. Princess followed what the prince said, she lived with her mother in law in a Prince’s house.

“..the Princess had no occasion; and the Prince left her next morning to return to the city, where his father must needs have been in pain for him.” (Sleeping Beauty 10)

He was obliged to continue his expedition all the summer, and as soon as he departed the Queen-mother sent her daughter-in-law to a country house among the woods, that she might with the more ease gratify her

M a s r u r o |29

It different with the film, Aurora is very obedient to the rules of three good fairies who look after her that she considers her aunts.

Briar Rose : Oh dear, why do they still treat me like a child.

Owl : Who?

Briar Rose : Why, Flora and Fauna and Merryweather. They never want me to meet anyone. [to the animals] But you know? I fooled 'em. I have met someone! (Script 16)

Aurora is obedient to her aunts and usually obeys their rules

respectfully, although she may disagree with them. Since she was raised not to talk to strangers, Aurora was naturally startled and apprehensive when the handsome Prince Phillip appeared in the forest.

Merryweather: Want you to pick some berries. Flora: That's it, berries!

Briar Rose: Berries? Fauna: Lots of berries.

Briar Rose: But I picked berries yesterday. Flora: Oh, we need more, dear.

Fauna: Lots, lots more. Flora: Yes!

[The fairies push Briar Rose out of the house] Flora: Now don't hurry back, dear.

Merryweather: And don't go to far.

Flora: And don't speak to strangers. (Script 14)

The differences in obedient characters on short stories and movies are illustrated by the conflicts faced by the main characters. In the short story,

M a s r u r o |30

the main character is obedient to Prince as her husband. While in the film, the main character is obedient to the rules of the three fairies he calls aunts.

3.3.4 Brave

Brave is exhibiting courage (see 3.1.3). In short story, Princess is brave because she described it with some events that make it look brave. First, in the story Princess goes to a tower alone and meets the old women. Second, Princess faces the curse of an evil fairy she does not know and slept for a long time and she awaken by King’s son which she did not know. Third, after Princess was taken to Prince's kingdom, she had to face the cruelty of mother in law who wanted to eat herself and her children when Prince was not home.

First: “...the young Princess happened one day to divert herself in running up and down the palace; when going up from one apartment to another, she came into a little room on the top of the tower, where a good old woman, alone, was spinning with her spindle. This good woman had never heard of the King's proclamation against spindles.” (Sleeping Beauty 3)

Second, Princess woke up from her long sleep becauseKing’s soncoming, she was not afraid of the stranger she had just seen.

And now, as the enchantment was at an end, the Princess awaked, and looking on him with eyes more tender than the first view might seem to admit of:

M a s r u r o |31

Third : "I have a mind to eat little Morning for my dinner tomorrow." "and will eat her with a sauce Robert."

"I will sup on little Day."

"I will eat the Queen with the same sauce I had with her children." (Sleeping Beauty 11-12)

"Do it; do it" (said she, stretching out her neck). "Execute your orders, and then I shall go and see my children, my poor children, whom I so much and so tenderly loved." (Sleeping Beauty 13)

It different with film, Aurora as the main character in film is not too complicated shows her brave as told in short story. Aurora is confronted with the rules of three fairies and the curse of sleep against her. Aurora lived ini the woods with three fairies and animals until sixteen years.But Aurora is not brave enough to break the rules by her aunts because Aurora love them.

Briar Rose : Oh dear, why do they still treat me like a child.

Owl : Who?

Briar Rose :“Why, Flora and Fauna and Merryweather. They never want me to meet anyone..” (Script 16)

When Aurora begins to meet someone, the three fairies explain what actually happened to the Aurora. Aurora must accept that she must return to her parents in the kingdom, so she must give up not to meet with Phillip.

The prominent difference in both stories is the problem facing the main character in the story. In a short story described as more brave than in

M a s r u r o |32

the film, the main character in the short story is told as a princess who is cursed asleep and awakened by the king's son and as a wife who was saved by Prince from the mother in law which cannibal. In the film, the problem is not as complicated in the short story, the main character is only told as a princess who was cursed asleep and awakened by true love kiss of a prince, finished.

✝✞✟✠✡✠☛ ☞✌ ✌

CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

4.1 Conclusion

In this study, the writer focuses on the differences of the main character description in theSleeping Beauty’s short story and movie.The first part of the analysis discusses about description of the main character in theSleeping Beauty short story by Charles Perrault. In this part, Princess described beutiful, tough, and smart. Description of Princess in short story is more complex than in the film because they have different need and plot. Perrault described the character as a strong woman. Perrault did not finish the story with "Happily Ever After" like in the Disney version. The story was probably to remind young ladies that even if wait a hundred years for prince to come, there still will be some obstacles you will have to face as a couple.

The second part of the analysis discusses about characterization of the main character in theSleeping Beautyfilm by Walt Disney. In this part, Princess Aurora described beautiful, obedient, smart, and dreamer. Description of Princess in the film is more simple than in the shor story because they have different need and plot. Disney described the character based on children need. So Disney changed several part of the story makes more simple story.

The result shows there are the main character description in the story. The main character ofSleeping Beautyin short story is beautiful, smart, and brave. The main character ofSleeping Beautyin film is beautiful, smart, obedient, and

✍✎✏✑✒✑✓ ✔✕ ✖

dreamer. Although they have similar description, but in telling the main characters in short story and film are different. The difference description of the main

character shows the different struggle faced by main characters in short stories and film. The description of the main character in short story is brave. While the description of the main character are obedient and dreamer.

4.2 Suggestions

Based on the conclusion, the suggestion for the next researchers who conduct the similar research are contrasting the main character onSleeping Beauty. There are two suggestions for the readers. First, the readers can take moral value from the study. Do not revenge, because revenge behaviour will lead to disputes and prolonged hostility, Allah and His Messenger SAW hate people who revenge. Allah recommends to forgiveness the fellow associate. Allah says in the Quran Ali Imran verse 133-134:

The meaning:

“And hasten so forgiveness from your Lord and a garden as wide as the heavens and earth are prepared for the righteous”(Ali Imron, verse 133).

✗✘✙✚✛✚✜ ✢✣ ✤

The meaning:

“Who spend (in the cause of Allah) during case and hardship and who restrain anger andwho pardon the people and Allah loves doers of good;”(Ali Imron, verse 134).

Revenge behaviour will harm youself or someone else, besides hated by the people it is also hated by Allah and His Messenger Prophet Muhammad:

“The most hated God is a vengeful man”. (HR. Bukhari)

Second, the readers must be selective to take a quotation from another research which are not available including in this research, because this research is not perfect and have many mistakes in process of writing.

✥✦✧★✩★✪✫✬6

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Abrams, M.H.A Glossary of Literary Terms.7thedition. Boston: Earl McPeek. 1999.

Abrams, M.H. Greenblatt, Stephen. Norton Anthology of English Literature. New York: W.W Norton & Co Inc.2000.

Arnheim, Rudolf.Film As Art. Los Angeles: University of California University Press. 1957.

Bennet, Royle.Literature, Criticism and Theory.3rdedition. Britain: Great Britain. 2014.

DiYanni, Robert.Literature: Reading Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. 5th _edition.

New York: McGraw Hill. 2002.

Halidasia, Nur.The Character Alteration of Maleficent from “Sleeping Beauty”into Maleficent Movie. Makassar: State Islamic University of Alauddin Makassar. 2016.

Holman, C Hugh, ed.A Handbook to Literature. 3rd_{edition. Indianapolis: The}

Bobbs Merril Company. 1978.

Hunt, Peter.Understanding Children’s Literature. USA: Routlegde. 1999. Hutcheon, Linda.Theory of Adaptation. Great Britain: Routledge. 2006.

Madden, Frank.Exploring Literature: Writing and Arguing about Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and the Essay.4th_{edition. Pearson Education, Inc. 2009.}

Maria.Literature and Film Adaptation Theory. Journal. “Ovidius” University of Constanta.

✭✮✯✰✱✰✲✳✴ ✵

Menrath, J.Definition of Short Story. Retrieved from: http://www.menrath-online.de. 2003

Muller, Gilbert H and John A Williams.Introduction to Literature. New York: McGraw Hill Book Company, 1985. Print

Norlin, Emma.Sleeping Beauty or Rebellious Antagonist-Passive and Active Stereotypes in Fantasy and Fairytales. Lulea University of Technology. 2009.

Kant, Immanuel.Critique of Judgementpart. 1, book 1. Sec. 1-7. Tran. James Creed Meridith. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1911.

Kennedy, X.J. Gioia, Dana.Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry,

Drama, and Writing Part 1 Fiction. 8th_{edition. Singapore: Longman. 2001.}

Shores, Louis.Genres of Children’s Literature. USA: Florida State University. 2011

The Sleeping Beauty.The Aldine,6(9), 184–185. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/20636611. 1873.

Tyson, Lois.Critical Theory Today: A User-Friendly Guide Second Edition.New York: Routledge. 2006.

Wellek, Rene, Warren, Austin.Theory of Literature.3rdedition. New York: Harcourt. Brace Jovanovich, Publishers. 1962.

M a s r u r o |32

the film, the main character in the short story is told as a princess who is cursed asleep and awakened by the king's son and as a wife who was saved by Prince from the mother in law which cannibal. In the film, the problem is not as complicated in the short story, the main character is only told as a princess who was cursed asleep and awakened by true love kiss of a prince, finished.

✝✞✟✠✡✠☛ ☞✌ ✌

CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

4.1 Conclusion

In this study, the writer focuses on the differences of the main character description in theSleeping Beauty’s short story and movie.The first part of the analysis discusses about description of the main character in theSleeping Beauty

short story by Charles Perrault. In this part, Princess described beutiful, tough, and smart. Description of Princess in short story is more complex than in the film because they have different need and plot. Perrault described the character as a strong woman. Perrault did not finish the story with "Happily Ever After" like in the Disney version. The story was probably to remind young ladies that even if wait a hundred years for prince to come, there still will be some obstacles you will have to face as a couple.

The second part of the analysis discusses about characterization of the main character in theSleeping Beautyfilm by Walt Disney. In this part, Princess Aurora described beautiful, obedient, smart, and dreamer. Description of Princess in the film is more simple than in the shor story because they have different need and plot. Disney described the character based on children need. So Disney changed several part of the story makes more simple story.

The result shows there are the main character description in the story. The main character ofSleeping Beautyin short story is beautiful, smart, and brave. The main character ofSleeping Beautyin film is beautiful, smart, obedient, and

✍✎✏✑✒✑✓ ✔✕ ✖

dreamer. Although they have similar description, but in telling the main characters in short story and film are different. The difference description of the main

character shows the different struggle faced by main characters in short stories and film. The description of the main character in short story is brave. While the description of the main character are obedient and dreamer.

4.2 Suggestions

Based on the conclusion, the suggestion for the next researchers who conduct the similar research are contrasting the main character onSleeping Beauty. There are two suggestions for the readers. First, the readers can take moral value from the study. Do not revenge, because revenge behaviour will lead to disputes and prolonged hostility, Allah and His Messenger SAW hate people who revenge. Allah recommends to forgiveness the fellow associate. Allah says in the Quran Ali Imran verse 133-134:

The meaning:

“And hasten so forgiveness from your Lord and a garden as wide as the heavens and earth are prepared for the righteous”(Ali Imron, verse 133).

✗✘✙✚✛✚✜ ✢✣ ✤

The meaning:

“Who spend (in the cause of Allah) during case and hardship and who restrain anger andwho pardon the people and Allah loves doers of good;”(Ali Imron, verse 134).

Revenge behaviour will harm youself or someone else, besides hated by the people it is also hated by Allah and His Messenger Prophet Muhammad: “The most hated God is a vengeful man”. (HR. Bukhari)

Second, the readers must be selective to take a quotation from another research which are not available including in this research, because this research is not perfect and have many mistakes in process of writing.

✥✦✧★✩★✪✫✬6

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Abrams, M.H.A Glossary of Literary Terms.7thedition. Boston: Earl McPeek. 1999.

Abrams, M.H. Greenblatt, Stephen. Norton Anthology of English Literature. New York: W.W Norton & Co Inc.2000.

Arnheim, Rudolf.Film As Art. Los Angeles: University of California University Press. 1957.

Bennet, Royle.Literature, Criticism and Theory.3rdedition. Britain: Great Britain. 2014.

DiYanni, Robert.Literature: Reading Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. 5th _edition.

New York: McGraw Hill. 2002.

Halidasia, Nur.The Character Alteration of Maleficent from “Sleeping Beauty”into Maleficent Movie. Makassar: State Islamic University of Alauddin Makassar. 2016.

Holman, C Hugh, ed.A Handbook to Literature. 3rd_{edition. Indianapolis: The}

Bobbs Merril Company. 1978.

Hunt, Peter.Understanding Children’s Literature. USA: Routlegde. 1999. Hutcheon, Linda.Theory of Adaptation. Great Britain: Routledge. 2006.

Madden, Frank.Exploring Literature: Writing and Arguing about Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and the Essay.4th_{edition. Pearson Education, Inc. 2009.}

Maria.Literature and Film Adaptation Theory. Journal. “Ovidius” University of Constanta.

✭✮✯✰✱✰✲✳✴ ✵

Menrath, J.Definition of Short Story. Retrieved from: http://www.menrath-online.de. 2003

Muller, Gilbert H and John A Williams.Introduction to Literature. New York: McGraw Hill Book Company, 1985. Print

Norlin, Emma.Sleeping Beauty or Rebellious Antagonist-Passive and Active Stereotypes in Fantasy and Fairytales. Lulea University of Technology. 2009.

Kant, Immanuel.Critique of Judgementpart. 1, book 1. Sec. 1-7. Tran. James Creed Meridith. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1911.

Kennedy, X.J. Gioia, Dana.Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry,

Drama, and Writing Part 1 Fiction. 8th_{edition. Singapore: Longman. 2001.}

Shores, Louis.Genres of Children’s Literature. USA: Florida State University. 2011

The Sleeping Beauty.The Aldine,6(9), 184–185. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/20636611. 1873.

Tyson, Lois.Critical Theory Today: A User-Friendly Guide Second Edition.New York: Routledge. 2006.

Wellek, Rene, Warren, Austin.Theory of Literature.3rdedition. New York: Harcourt. Brace Jovanovich, Publishers. 1962.