Lilik presentation Is There Forest Transition in Java
2/22/2012
IS THERE FOREST TRANSITION IN JAVA ?:
LESSON LEARNT FROM KUNINGAN DISTRICT
Topic of Research Umbrella :
Conditions for successful implementation of
participatory forest management and the
impact on forest resource (Period: 2009-2011,
Location: Indonesia, Nepal and India)
Background:
Previous studies finding :
India and Indonesia led to the forest
Infrastructure hypothesis.
Lilik B. Prasetyo
Ellyn K. Damayanti
Misa Masuda
FI consist of demarcated forest land,
administration system and institution, and
technocrats to support the system
FI is one of the prerequisites/enabling
condition of Participatory Forest
Management (PFM) introduction
(success of PFM).
India and Java fit to this FI hypothesis.
Study Site: Kuningan District, West Java
Objectives of the Research Umbrella:
1
• Why PFM could be expanded and
functioned in Nepal despite lack of FI? -> Revision of FI theory & Proving the
success of PFM in term of Forest Cover
(on going research –Lilik, Ellyn, Maria )
2
• Whether the conditions obtained from
the case of Nepal can be applied to
Indonesia (outside Java)? --> Final goal
3
• Whether PFM actually contributes to
the increase of biomass or reforestation
(Lilik, Ellyn, Masuda, Shiga)
1997
Landsat TM 5 of The Study Area
LAND USE/LAND COVER TYPES
2002
Forest (Natural/
Secondary)
1999
Teak Plantation
Pine Plantation
Mixed Garden
2009
Upland & Bareland
Bush & Grass
Paddy Field
1
2/22/2012
4% 1%
3% 1%
14%
17%
25%
19%
Forest
8%
13%
Forest
21%
Mixed Garden
22%
Mixed Garden
Grass & Shrubs
Grass & Shrubs
Upland & bareland
32%
20%
Upland & bareland
Paddy Field
Paddy Field
6%
Settlement
Settlement
Land-use/Land cover
Proportion in 1997
Land-use/land cover
Proportion in 1999
Water Body
1%
4%
Forest
23%
Grass & Shrubs
Forest
10%
Mixed Garden
24%
32%
21%
Upland & bareland
Upland & bareland
13%
12%
15%
5%
Paddy Field
Paddy Field
Settlement
Settlement
Water Body
Water Body
Land-use/land cover
proportion in 2002
LULCC 1997 - 2009
Mixed Garden
Grass & Shrubs
16%
18%
Water Body
Land-use/land cover
Proportion in 2009
Proportion of Forest cover change based on area
%
35.00
30.00
1999
25.00
2002
20.00
2009
15.00
10.00
PHBM larger than Non
PHBM
Non State forest (Hutan
rakyat) larger than State
forest (Hutan negara)
FI contributed to
reforestation
5.00
0.00
Study
Area
PHBM
area
Non PHBM
State
Non State
area
forest land forest
area
lands area
(Private
forest)
2
2/22/2012
Factor Contributed to Reforestation
Forest
• Clear property rights by
the acknowledgement
of State Forest’s
boundary
• Increasing confidence
of farmer to manage
the land
• Current and future
benefits of PHBM for
farmers
• FI is enabling condition
-> FI hypothesis could
explain the condition of
Kuningan
• Economic factor is
motivation to induce
reforestation
• Is there any other
theory to explain
Kuningan case ?
Forest Transition Theory:
Definition
• Shifting from
Deforestation to
Reforestation
(Mather, Fairbairn &
Needle, 1999)
• The passage from net
deforestation to net
reforestation
(Mather, 2008)
30,000.00
25,000.00
20,000.00
15,000.00
10,000.00
5,000.00
0.00
1997
1999
2002
2009
1999 is the turning point to reforestation, refer to
Forest Transition Theory
Thank you
Driving Force (European Case)
• Local use (pre-industrial) to need
of urban-industrial state (Mather,
Fairbairn & Needle, 1999)
• Agricultural intensification,
technological improvement and
rural exodus (Mather, 1999)
• Timber trade & fuel wood
requirement (Mather, 1999)
• Perception & paradigms shift
(Mather, 1999)
Forest transition is a complex process, local specific, need further research especially
in developing countries (Indonesia is very diverse in term of FI, Culture, Economic condition)
3
IS THERE FOREST TRANSITION IN JAVA ?:
LESSON LEARNT FROM KUNINGAN DISTRICT
Topic of Research Umbrella :
Conditions for successful implementation of
participatory forest management and the
impact on forest resource (Period: 2009-2011,
Location: Indonesia, Nepal and India)
Background:
Previous studies finding :
India and Indonesia led to the forest
Infrastructure hypothesis.
Lilik B. Prasetyo
Ellyn K. Damayanti
Misa Masuda
FI consist of demarcated forest land,
administration system and institution, and
technocrats to support the system
FI is one of the prerequisites/enabling
condition of Participatory Forest
Management (PFM) introduction
(success of PFM).
India and Java fit to this FI hypothesis.
Study Site: Kuningan District, West Java
Objectives of the Research Umbrella:
1
• Why PFM could be expanded and
functioned in Nepal despite lack of FI? -> Revision of FI theory & Proving the
success of PFM in term of Forest Cover
(on going research –Lilik, Ellyn, Maria )
2
• Whether the conditions obtained from
the case of Nepal can be applied to
Indonesia (outside Java)? --> Final goal
3
• Whether PFM actually contributes to
the increase of biomass or reforestation
(Lilik, Ellyn, Masuda, Shiga)
1997
Landsat TM 5 of The Study Area
LAND USE/LAND COVER TYPES
2002
Forest (Natural/
Secondary)
1999
Teak Plantation
Pine Plantation
Mixed Garden
2009
Upland & Bareland
Bush & Grass
Paddy Field
1
2/22/2012
4% 1%
3% 1%
14%
17%
25%
19%
Forest
8%
13%
Forest
21%
Mixed Garden
22%
Mixed Garden
Grass & Shrubs
Grass & Shrubs
Upland & bareland
32%
20%
Upland & bareland
Paddy Field
Paddy Field
6%
Settlement
Settlement
Land-use/Land cover
Proportion in 1997
Land-use/land cover
Proportion in 1999
Water Body
1%
4%
Forest
23%
Grass & Shrubs
Forest
10%
Mixed Garden
24%
32%
21%
Upland & bareland
Upland & bareland
13%
12%
15%
5%
Paddy Field
Paddy Field
Settlement
Settlement
Water Body
Water Body
Land-use/land cover
proportion in 2002
LULCC 1997 - 2009
Mixed Garden
Grass & Shrubs
16%
18%
Water Body
Land-use/land cover
Proportion in 2009
Proportion of Forest cover change based on area
%
35.00
30.00
1999
25.00
2002
20.00
2009
15.00
10.00
PHBM larger than Non
PHBM
Non State forest (Hutan
rakyat) larger than State
forest (Hutan negara)
FI contributed to
reforestation
5.00
0.00
Study
Area
PHBM
area
Non PHBM
State
Non State
area
forest land forest
area
lands area
(Private
forest)
2
2/22/2012
Factor Contributed to Reforestation
Forest
• Clear property rights by
the acknowledgement
of State Forest’s
boundary
• Increasing confidence
of farmer to manage
the land
• Current and future
benefits of PHBM for
farmers
• FI is enabling condition
-> FI hypothesis could
explain the condition of
Kuningan
• Economic factor is
motivation to induce
reforestation
• Is there any other
theory to explain
Kuningan case ?
Forest Transition Theory:
Definition
• Shifting from
Deforestation to
Reforestation
(Mather, Fairbairn &
Needle, 1999)
• The passage from net
deforestation to net
reforestation
(Mather, 2008)
30,000.00
25,000.00
20,000.00
15,000.00
10,000.00
5,000.00
0.00
1997
1999
2002
2009
1999 is the turning point to reforestation, refer to
Forest Transition Theory
Thank you
Driving Force (European Case)
• Local use (pre-industrial) to need
of urban-industrial state (Mather,
Fairbairn & Needle, 1999)
• Agricultural intensification,
technological improvement and
rural exodus (Mather, 1999)
• Timber trade & fuel wood
requirement (Mather, 1999)
• Perception & paradigms shift
(Mather, 1999)
Forest transition is a complex process, local specific, need further research especially
in developing countries (Indonesia is very diverse in term of FI, Culture, Economic condition)
3