Lilik presentation Is There Forest Transition in Java Tsukuba Univ1
2/24/2012
IS THERE FOREST TRANSITION IN JAVA ?:
LESSON LEARNT FROM KUNINGAN DISTRICT
Lilik B. Prasetyo
DEPT. FOREST RESOURCES CONSERVATION
FORESTRY FACULTY
http://lbprastdp.staff.ipb.ac.id/lecture/seminar/
Forest Transition
• Shifting from Deforestation
to Reforestation (Mather,
Fairbairn & Needle, 1999)
• The passage from net
deforestation to net
reforestation (Mather,
2008)
• ….. de lines in forest cover
cease and recoveries in
forest cover begin (Rudel et
al. 2005)
Forest Transition Theory:
Driving Force
• Shifting local use (pre-industrial) to need of urban-industrial state
(Mather, Fairbairn & Needle, 1999)
From Fuel wood -> gas/fossil fuel/electricity
• Agricultural intensification, technological improvement and rural
exodus (Mather, 1999)
Concentration agriculture in good land with better technology &
abandon the poor land lead reforestation (also due to migration to
urban area )
• Perception & paradigms shift (Mather, 1999)
Shifting paradigms from forest as logs to forest for environmental
services (water resources, flood mitigation, biodiversity, aesthetic value
ar on sto k …. Etc)
• Driven by forest resources scarcity & labor scarcity (Mather)
1
2/24/2012
Reforestation Countries :
China, Philippine, Vietnam
(Source : FRA, 2010)
What is happening
in Indonesia ?
Deforestation (million ha/year)
4
3.5
Deforestation (million
ha/year)
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
1990-1996
1996-2000
2000-2003
2003-2006
1.8
1.6
1990 - 2000
1.4
2000-2005
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Indonesia
S-K
Non S-K
Lowland
Uplands
S-K
Lowland
S-K
Uplands
Other
Lowland
Othe
Uplands
(Source: Hansen et al, 2009)
2
2/24/2012
Topic of Research Umbrella :
Conditions for successful implementation of
participatory forest management and the
impact on forest resource (Period: 2009-2011,
Location: Indonesia, Nepal and India)
Background:
Previous studies finding :
India and Indonesia led to the forest
Infrastructure hypothesis.
FI consist of demarcated forest land,
administration system and institution, and
technocrats to support the system
FI is one of the prerequisites/enabling
condition of Participatory Forest
Management (PFM) introduction
(success of PFM).
India and Java fit to this FI hypothesis.
Objectives of the Research Umbrella:
• Whether PFM actually contributes to
the increase of forest cover or
reforestation
• PFM in Kuningan = PHBM (Pengelolaan
Sumberdaya Hutan Bersama Masyarakat
/Management of Forest Resources with
Community (/hereinafter called PHBM)
Study Site: Kuningan District, West Java
3
2/24/2012
What is Kuningan District look like ?
Agriculture
Tourist destination areas
(Hot water)
Forestry (teak)
Rural settlement infrastructure
Good accessibility in rural areas
Good transportation mode
LAND USE/LAND COVER TYPES
Forest (Natural/
Secondary)
Teak Plantation
Pine Plantation
Paddy Field
Bush & Grass
Upland & Bareland
Mixed Garden
LULC analysis :
1997
Landsat TM 5 of The Study Area
2002
1999
2009
4
2/24/2012
3% 1%
14%
17%
Forest
21%
25%
19%
Mixed Garden
Grass & Shrubs
Upland & bareland
Paddy Field
Settlement
Land-use/Land cover
Proportion in 1997
Water Body
4% 1%
Forest
8%
13%
Mixed Garden
22%
Grass & Shrubs
Upland & bareland
32%
20%
Paddy Field
Settlement
Land-use/land cover
Proportion in 1999
6%
1%
Water Body
Forest
23%
Mixed Garden
24%
Grass & Shrubs
16%
18%
Upland & bareland
12%
Paddy Field
Settlement
Water Body
Land-use/land cover
proportion in 2002
5
2/24/2012
4%
Forest
10%
32%
21%
Mixed Garden
Grass & Shrubs
Upland & bareland
13%
15%
5%
Paddy Field
Settlement
Water Body
Land-use/land cover
Proportion in 2009
LULCC 1997 - 2009
Where is the forest growing ?
%
35.00
30.00
1999
25.00
2002
20.00
2009
15.00
10.00
PHBM larger than Non
PHBM
Non State forest (Hutan
rakyat) larger than State
forest (Hutan negara)
FI contributed to
reforestation
5.00
0.00
Study
Area
PHBM
area
Non PHBM
State
Non State
area
forest land forest
area
lands area
(Private
forest)
6
2/24/2012
Forest
30,000.00
25,000.00
20,000.00
15,000.00
10,000.00
5,000.00
0.00
1997
1999
2002
2009
1999 is the turning point to reforestation, refer to
Forest Transition Theory
Factor Contributed to Reforestation
PHBM areas ( already proved from House hold survey)
• Clear property rights by the acknowledgement of State
Forest’s oundary
• Increasing confidence of farmer to manage the land
• Current and future benefits of PHBM for farmers
Non PHBM (& Probably in PHBM areas) : Unproved !
• Decrease of fuel wood demand -> replace by subsidized gas
• Economics incentives -> logs price due to wood scarcity
• Temporary migration to urban/Part time farming
-> shifting from food crops to Trees
Thank you
7
2/24/2012
8
IS THERE FOREST TRANSITION IN JAVA ?:
LESSON LEARNT FROM KUNINGAN DISTRICT
Lilik B. Prasetyo
DEPT. FOREST RESOURCES CONSERVATION
FORESTRY FACULTY
http://lbprastdp.staff.ipb.ac.id/lecture/seminar/
Forest Transition
• Shifting from Deforestation
to Reforestation (Mather,
Fairbairn & Needle, 1999)
• The passage from net
deforestation to net
reforestation (Mather,
2008)
• ….. de lines in forest cover
cease and recoveries in
forest cover begin (Rudel et
al. 2005)
Forest Transition Theory:
Driving Force
• Shifting local use (pre-industrial) to need of urban-industrial state
(Mather, Fairbairn & Needle, 1999)
From Fuel wood -> gas/fossil fuel/electricity
• Agricultural intensification, technological improvement and rural
exodus (Mather, 1999)
Concentration agriculture in good land with better technology &
abandon the poor land lead reforestation (also due to migration to
urban area )
• Perception & paradigms shift (Mather, 1999)
Shifting paradigms from forest as logs to forest for environmental
services (water resources, flood mitigation, biodiversity, aesthetic value
ar on sto k …. Etc)
• Driven by forest resources scarcity & labor scarcity (Mather)
1
2/24/2012
Reforestation Countries :
China, Philippine, Vietnam
(Source : FRA, 2010)
What is happening
in Indonesia ?
Deforestation (million ha/year)
4
3.5
Deforestation (million
ha/year)
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
1990-1996
1996-2000
2000-2003
2003-2006
1.8
1.6
1990 - 2000
1.4
2000-2005
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Indonesia
S-K
Non S-K
Lowland
Uplands
S-K
Lowland
S-K
Uplands
Other
Lowland
Othe
Uplands
(Source: Hansen et al, 2009)
2
2/24/2012
Topic of Research Umbrella :
Conditions for successful implementation of
participatory forest management and the
impact on forest resource (Period: 2009-2011,
Location: Indonesia, Nepal and India)
Background:
Previous studies finding :
India and Indonesia led to the forest
Infrastructure hypothesis.
FI consist of demarcated forest land,
administration system and institution, and
technocrats to support the system
FI is one of the prerequisites/enabling
condition of Participatory Forest
Management (PFM) introduction
(success of PFM).
India and Java fit to this FI hypothesis.
Objectives of the Research Umbrella:
• Whether PFM actually contributes to
the increase of forest cover or
reforestation
• PFM in Kuningan = PHBM (Pengelolaan
Sumberdaya Hutan Bersama Masyarakat
/Management of Forest Resources with
Community (/hereinafter called PHBM)
Study Site: Kuningan District, West Java
3
2/24/2012
What is Kuningan District look like ?
Agriculture
Tourist destination areas
(Hot water)
Forestry (teak)
Rural settlement infrastructure
Good accessibility in rural areas
Good transportation mode
LAND USE/LAND COVER TYPES
Forest (Natural/
Secondary)
Teak Plantation
Pine Plantation
Paddy Field
Bush & Grass
Upland & Bareland
Mixed Garden
LULC analysis :
1997
Landsat TM 5 of The Study Area
2002
1999
2009
4
2/24/2012
3% 1%
14%
17%
Forest
21%
25%
19%
Mixed Garden
Grass & Shrubs
Upland & bareland
Paddy Field
Settlement
Land-use/Land cover
Proportion in 1997
Water Body
4% 1%
Forest
8%
13%
Mixed Garden
22%
Grass & Shrubs
Upland & bareland
32%
20%
Paddy Field
Settlement
Land-use/land cover
Proportion in 1999
6%
1%
Water Body
Forest
23%
Mixed Garden
24%
Grass & Shrubs
16%
18%
Upland & bareland
12%
Paddy Field
Settlement
Water Body
Land-use/land cover
proportion in 2002
5
2/24/2012
4%
Forest
10%
32%
21%
Mixed Garden
Grass & Shrubs
Upland & bareland
13%
15%
5%
Paddy Field
Settlement
Water Body
Land-use/land cover
Proportion in 2009
LULCC 1997 - 2009
Where is the forest growing ?
%
35.00
30.00
1999
25.00
2002
20.00
2009
15.00
10.00
PHBM larger than Non
PHBM
Non State forest (Hutan
rakyat) larger than State
forest (Hutan negara)
FI contributed to
reforestation
5.00
0.00
Study
Area
PHBM
area
Non PHBM
State
Non State
area
forest land forest
area
lands area
(Private
forest)
6
2/24/2012
Forest
30,000.00
25,000.00
20,000.00
15,000.00
10,000.00
5,000.00
0.00
1997
1999
2002
2009
1999 is the turning point to reforestation, refer to
Forest Transition Theory
Factor Contributed to Reforestation
PHBM areas ( already proved from House hold survey)
• Clear property rights by the acknowledgement of State
Forest’s oundary
• Increasing confidence of farmer to manage the land
• Current and future benefits of PHBM for farmers
Non PHBM (& Probably in PHBM areas) : Unproved !
• Decrease of fuel wood demand -> replace by subsidized gas
• Economics incentives -> logs price due to wood scarcity
• Temporary migration to urban/Part time farming
-> shifting from food crops to Trees
Thank you
7
2/24/2012
8