S KIM 1100918 Table of content
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN.............................................................................................
PERNYATAAN..................................................................................................................
ABSTRAK..........................................................................................................................
ABSTRACT........................................................................................................................
KATA PENGANTAR........................................................................................................
UCAPAN TERIMAKASIH................................................................................................
DAFTAR ISI.......................................................................................................................
DAFTAR TABEL...............................................................................................................
DAFTAR GAMBAR..........................................................................................................
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN.......................................................................................................
i
ii
iii
iv
v
vi
viii
x
xi
xiii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1. Latar Belakang......................................................................................................
1.2. Rumusan Masalah.................................................................................................
1.3. Tujuan Penelitian..................................................................................................
1.4. Manfaat Penelitian.................................................................................................
1
4
4
5
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
2.1. Superabsorbent Polymer (SAP) ............................................................................
2.1.1. Hidrogel.....................................................................................................
2.1.2. Superabsorben (SAP) ...............................................................................
2.2. Bahan Dasar Hidrogel Superabsorben (SAP)........................................................
2.2.1. Poli (Vinil Alkohol) (PVA).......................................................................
2.2.2. Ikat Silang (Crosslink)........... ..................................................................
2.2.2.1.
Agen Pengikat Silang (Crosslinker ).......................................
2.2.2.2.
Glutaraldehid Sebagai Crosslinker .........................................
2.2.3. Poli (Etilen Glikol) (PEG).........................................................................
2.3. Polimerisasi............................................................................................................
2.3.1. Polimer.......................................................................................................
2.3.1.1.
Homopolimer..........................................................................
2.3.1.2.
Kopolimer...............................................................................
2.3.2. Kopolimerisasi Graft (Cangkok)...............................................................
2.3.3. Sintesis Hidrogel Superabsorben...............................................................
6
6
7
10
10
12
13
15
17
18
18
18
19
20
22
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN
3.1. Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian.................................................................................
3.2. Alat dan Bahan.......................................................................................................
3.3. Metode Penelitian...................................................................................................
3.4. Prosedur Penelitian.................................................................................................
26
26
27
27
viii
Cantika Setya Permatasari, 2016
SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI HIDROGEL SUPERABSORBEN (SAP) BERBASIS POLI (VINIL
ALKOHOL-KO-ETILEN GLIKOL)
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu| perpustakaan.upi.edu
3.4.1. Tahap Preparasi.........................................................................................
3.4.1.1.
Pembuatan Larutan Glutaraldehid..........................................
3.4.1.2.
Pembuatan Larutan PVA 2,5%...............................................
3.4.1.3.
Pembuatan Larutan PEG 2,5%...............................................
3.4.2. Tahap Optimasi dan Sintesis.....................................................................
3.4.2.1.
Optimasi Komposisi PVA, PEG, dan GA..............................
3.4.2.2.
Sintesis Hidrogel SAP............................................................
3.4.3. Tahap Karakterisasi Hidrogel SAP............................................................
3.4.3.1.
Rasio Swelling........................................................................
3.4.3.2.
Retensi Air..............................................................................
3.4.3.3.
Uji Tarik..................................................................................
3.4.3.4.
SEM........................................................................................
3.4.3.5.
FTIR........................................................................................
3.4.3.6.
XRD........................................................................................
3.4.3.7.
TG-DTA..................................................................................
28
28
29
29
29
29
30
31
31
32
32
32
33
33
34
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN
4.1. Tahap Optimasi dan Sintesis Hidrogel SAP..........................................................
4.1.1. Optimasi Komposisi PVA, PEG dan GA..................................................
4.1.1.1.
Kondisi Optimum PVA dan PEG...........................................
4.1.1.2.
Kondisi Optimum Pengikat Silang GA..................................
Sintesis
Hidrogel
SAP...............................................................................
4.1.2.
4.2. Tahap Karakterisasi Hidrogel SAP........................................................................
4.2.1. Karakterisasi Struktur dan Morfologi Hidrogel SAP................................
4.2.1.1.
Karakterisasi FTIR..................................................................
4.2.1.2.
Karakterisasi XRD..................................................................
4.2.1.3.
Karakterisasi SEM..................................................................
4.2.1.4.
Karakterisasi TG-DTA...........................................................
4.2.2. Uji Kinerja Hidrogel SAP.........................................................................
4.2.2.1.
Pengujian Kekuatan Tarik......................................................
4.2.2.2.
Uji Rasio swelling..................................................................
4.2.2.3.
Uji Retensi Air........................................................................
35
35
35
38
42
42
43
43
46
47
49
51
52
53
54
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
5.1. Kesimpulan............................................................................................................
5.2. Saran......................................................................................................................
57
58
DAFTAR PUSTAKA..........................................................................................................
LAMPIRAN.........................................................................................................................
RIWAYAT HIDUP.............................................................................................................
59
65
88
ix
Cantika Setya Permatasari, 2016
SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI HIDROGEL SUPERABSORBEN (SAP) BERBASIS POLI (VINIL
ALKOHOL-KO-ETILEN GLIKOL)
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu| perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1.
Karakteristik Fisik Poli (Vinil Alkohol)...............................................
11
Tabel 2.2.
Sisi Aktif Agen Pengikat Silang dan Gugus Fungsi yang Diserang.....
14
Tabel 3.1.
Perbandingan Volume PVA dan PEG..................................................
29
Tabel 3.2.
Perbandingan Volume PVA-PEG Dengan Pengikat Silang GA..........
30
Tabel 4.1.
Perbandingan Komposisi PVA dan PEG..............................................
35
Tabel 4.2.
Perbandingan Komposisi GA Terhadap Kopolimer PVA-PEG...........
38
Tabel 4.3.
Hasil Analisis Spektra FTIR Hidrogel SAP..........................................
45
Tabel 4.4.
Data Parameter Difraktogram X-Ray Hidrogel SAP............................
46
Tabel 4.5.
Data Kekuatan Tarik Hidrogel SAP.....................................................
53
x
Cantika Setya Permatasari, 2016
SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI HIDROGEL SUPERABSORBEN (SAP) BERBASIS POLI (VINIL
ALKOHOL-KO-ETILEN GLIKOL)
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu| perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1.
Ilustrasi Material SAP Anionik Berbasis Akrilik..............................
8
Gambar 2.2.
Struktur Poli (Vinil Alkohol).............................................................
10
Gambar 2.3.
Struktur Glutaraldehid.......................................................................
16
Gambar 2.4.
Reaksi Ikat Silang PVA oleh GA......................................................
16
Gambar 2.5.
Struktur Poli (Etilen Glikol)..............................................................
17
Gambar 2.6.
Reaksi Pembentukan Homopolimer PVA.........................................
19
Gambar 2.7.
Mekanisme Kopolimerisasi Cangkok................................................
20
Gambar 2.8.
Proses Kopolimerisasi Grafting From...............................................
21
Gambar 2.9.
Reaksi Kopolimerisasi Cangkok Melalui Makromonomer...............
21
Gambar 2.10.
Sintesis Hidrogel Polimerisasi Radikal Bebas dan Ikat Silang.........
22
Gambar 2.11.
Sintesis Hidrogel Melalui Proses Ikat Silang Polimer Reaktif
Dengan Agen Pengikat Silang Multi-Fungsional..............................
23
Gambar 2.12.
Proses Interaksi Hidrofobik Pembentuk Gel Fisik Metode In-Situ...
24
Gambar 2.13.
Formasi Hidrogel Ionik......................................................................
25
Gambar 3.1.
Diagram Alir Penelitian Tahap Preparasi..........................................
27
Gambar 3.2.
Diagram Alir Penelitian.....................................................................
28
Gambar 4.1.
Rasio Swelling Hidrogel SAP Pada Variasi Rasio Komposisi PVAPEG....................................................................................................
Gambar 4.2.
Retensi Air Hidrogel SAP Pada Variasi Rasio Komposisi PVAPEG....................................................................................................
Gambar 4.3.
Gambar 4.5.
37
Rasio Swelling Hidrogel SAP Terikat Silang Dengan Variasi
Komposisi Agen Pengikat Silang GA................................................
Gambar 4.4.
36
39
Retensi Air Hidrogel SAP Terikat Silang Dengan Variasi
Komposisi Agen Pengikat Silang GA................................................
41
Spektra FTIR PVA dan Kopolimer PVA-PEG..................................
43
xi
Cantika Setya Permatasari, 2016
SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI HIDROGEL SUPERABSORBEN (SAP) BERBASIS POLI (VINIL
ALKOHOL-KO-ETILEN GLIKOL)
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu| perpustakaan.upi.edu
Gambar 4.6.
Spektra FTIR Hidrogel SAP Tanpa dan Dengan Pengikat Silang
GA.......................................................................................................
Gambar 4.7.
Difraktogram X-Ray Hidrogel SAP Berbasis PVA, Kopolimer
PVA-PEG dan Kopolimer PVA-PEG Terikat Silang GA..................
Gambar 4.8.
51
Rasio Swelling Hidrogel SAP Berbasis PVA, Kopolimer PVAPEG dan Kopolimer PVA-PEG Terikat Silang GA...........................
Gambar 4.12.
49
Profile DTA Hidrogel SAP Berbasis PVA, Kopolimer PVA-PEG
dan Kopolimer PVA-PEG Terikat Silang GA....................................
Gambar 4.11.
48
Termogram Hidrogel SAP Berbasis PVA, Kopolimer PVA-PEG
dan Kopolimer PVA-PEG Terikat Silang GA....................................
Gambar 4.10.
46
Foto SEM Hidrogel SAP Berbasis PVA, Kopolimer PVA-PEG dan
Kopolimer PVA-PEG Terikat Silang GA...........................................
Gambar 4.9.
44
53
Retensi Air Hidrogel SAP Berbasis PVA, Kopolimer PVA-PEG
dan Kopolimer PVA-PEG Terikat Silang GA....................................
xii
Cantika Setya Permatasari, 2016
SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI HIDROGEL SUPERABSORBEN (SAP) BERBASIS POLI (VINIL
ALKOHOL-KO-ETILEN GLIKOL)
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu| perpustakaan.upi.edu
55
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1.
Data Perhitungan............................................................................. 65
Lampiran 2.
Lampiran 3.
Tabel Swelling Ratio Tahap Optimasi Komposisi PVA-PEG........ 68
Lampiran 4.
Lampiran 5.
Tabel Retensi Air Tahap Optimasi Komposisi PVA-PEG.............
Tabel Retensi Air Tahap Optimasi Komposisi PVA-PEG Terikat
Silang GA........................................................................................
Spektra FTIR Hidrogel SAP Berbasis PVA...................................
Spektra FTIR Hidrogel SAP Berbasis PVA-PEG..........................
Spektra FTIR Hidrogel SAP Berbasis PVA-PEG Terikat Silang
GA...................................................................................................
Difraktogram X-Ray Hidrogel SAP Berbasis PVA........................
Lampiran 6.
Lampiran 7.
Lampiran 8.
Lampiran 9.
Lampiran 10.
Lampiran 11.
Lampiran 12.
Lampiran 13.
Lampiran 14.
Lampiran 15.
Lampiran 16.
Lampiran 17.
Lampiran 18.
Lampiran 19.
Lampiran 20.
Lampiran 21.
Tabel Swelling Ratio Tahap Optimasi Komposisi PVA-PEG
Terikat Silang GA...........................................................................
Difraktogram X-Ray Hidrogel SAP Berbasis PVA-PEG...............
Difraktogram X-Ray Hidrogel SAP Berbasis PVA-PEG Terikat
Silang GA........................................................................................
Foto SEM Hidrogel SAP Berbasis PVA.........................................
Foto SEM Hidrogel SAP Berbasis PVA-PEG................................
Foto SEM Hidrogel SAP Berbasis PVA-PEG Terikat Silang
GA...................................................................................................
Profile TG-DTA Hidrogel SAP Berbasis PVA..............................
Profile TG-DTA Hidrogel SAP Berbasis PVA-PEG......................
Profile TG-DTA Hidrogel SAP Berbasis PVA-PEG Terikat
Silang GA........................................................................................
Kurva Tensil Hidrogel SAP Berbasis PVA....................................
Kurva Tensil Hidrogel SAP Berbasis PVA-PEG...........................
Kurva Tensil Hidrogel SAP Berbasis PVA-PEG Terikat Silang
GA..................................................................................................
Tabel Rasio Swelling Hidrogel SAP Berbasis PVA, Kopolimer
PVA-PEG dan Kopolimer PVA-PEG Terikat Silang
GA..................................................................................................
xiii
Cantika Setya Permatasari, 2016
SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI HIDROGEL SUPERABSORBEN (SAP) BERBASIS POLI (VINIL
ALKOHOL-KO-ETILEN GLIKOL)
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu| perpustakaan.upi.edu
69
70
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
Lampiran 22.
Tabel Retensi Air Hidrogel SAP Berbasis PVA, Kopolimer
PVA-PEG dan Kopolimer PVA-PEG Terikat Silang GA..............
xiv
Cantika Setya Permatasari, 2016
SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI HIDROGEL SUPERABSORBEN (SAP) BERBASIS POLI (VINIL
ALKOHOL-KO-ETILEN GLIKOL)
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu| perpustakaan.upi.edu
87
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN.............................................................................................
PERNYATAAN..................................................................................................................
ABSTRAK..........................................................................................................................
ABSTRACT........................................................................................................................
KATA PENGANTAR........................................................................................................
UCAPAN TERIMAKASIH................................................................................................
DAFTAR ISI.......................................................................................................................
DAFTAR TABEL...............................................................................................................
DAFTAR GAMBAR..........................................................................................................
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN.......................................................................................................
i
ii
iii
iv
v
vi
viii
x
xi
xiii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1. Latar Belakang......................................................................................................
1.2. Rumusan Masalah.................................................................................................
1.3. Tujuan Penelitian..................................................................................................
1.4. Manfaat Penelitian.................................................................................................
1
4
4
5
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
2.1. Superabsorbent Polymer (SAP) ............................................................................
2.1.1. Hidrogel.....................................................................................................
2.1.2. Superabsorben (SAP) ...............................................................................
2.2. Bahan Dasar Hidrogel Superabsorben (SAP)........................................................
2.2.1. Poli (Vinil Alkohol) (PVA).......................................................................
2.2.2. Ikat Silang (Crosslink)........... ..................................................................
2.2.2.1.
Agen Pengikat Silang (Crosslinker ).......................................
2.2.2.2.
Glutaraldehid Sebagai Crosslinker .........................................
2.2.3. Poli (Etilen Glikol) (PEG).........................................................................
2.3. Polimerisasi............................................................................................................
2.3.1. Polimer.......................................................................................................
2.3.1.1.
Homopolimer..........................................................................
2.3.1.2.
Kopolimer...............................................................................
2.3.2. Kopolimerisasi Graft (Cangkok)...............................................................
2.3.3. Sintesis Hidrogel Superabsorben...............................................................
6
6
7
10
10
12
13
15
17
18
18
18
19
20
22
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN
3.1. Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian.................................................................................
3.2. Alat dan Bahan.......................................................................................................
3.3. Metode Penelitian...................................................................................................
3.4. Prosedur Penelitian.................................................................................................
26
26
27
27
viii
Cantika Setya Permatasari, 2016
SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI HIDROGEL SUPERABSORBEN (SAP) BERBASIS POLI (VINIL
ALKOHOL-KO-ETILEN GLIKOL)
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu| perpustakaan.upi.edu
3.4.1. Tahap Preparasi.........................................................................................
3.4.1.1.
Pembuatan Larutan Glutaraldehid..........................................
3.4.1.2.
Pembuatan Larutan PVA 2,5%...............................................
3.4.1.3.
Pembuatan Larutan PEG 2,5%...............................................
3.4.2. Tahap Optimasi dan Sintesis.....................................................................
3.4.2.1.
Optimasi Komposisi PVA, PEG, dan GA..............................
3.4.2.2.
Sintesis Hidrogel SAP............................................................
3.4.3. Tahap Karakterisasi Hidrogel SAP............................................................
3.4.3.1.
Rasio Swelling........................................................................
3.4.3.2.
Retensi Air..............................................................................
3.4.3.3.
Uji Tarik..................................................................................
3.4.3.4.
SEM........................................................................................
3.4.3.5.
FTIR........................................................................................
3.4.3.6.
XRD........................................................................................
3.4.3.7.
TG-DTA..................................................................................
28
28
29
29
29
29
30
31
31
32
32
32
33
33
34
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN
4.1. Tahap Optimasi dan Sintesis Hidrogel SAP..........................................................
4.1.1. Optimasi Komposisi PVA, PEG dan GA..................................................
4.1.1.1.
Kondisi Optimum PVA dan PEG...........................................
4.1.1.2.
Kondisi Optimum Pengikat Silang GA..................................
Sintesis
Hidrogel
SAP...............................................................................
4.1.2.
4.2. Tahap Karakterisasi Hidrogel SAP........................................................................
4.2.1. Karakterisasi Struktur dan Morfologi Hidrogel SAP................................
4.2.1.1.
Karakterisasi FTIR..................................................................
4.2.1.2.
Karakterisasi XRD..................................................................
4.2.1.3.
Karakterisasi SEM..................................................................
4.2.1.4.
Karakterisasi TG-DTA...........................................................
4.2.2. Uji Kinerja Hidrogel SAP.........................................................................
4.2.2.1.
Pengujian Kekuatan Tarik......................................................
4.2.2.2.
Uji Rasio swelling..................................................................
4.2.2.3.
Uji Retensi Air........................................................................
35
35
35
38
42
42
43
43
46
47
49
51
52
53
54
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
5.1. Kesimpulan............................................................................................................
5.2. Saran......................................................................................................................
57
58
DAFTAR PUSTAKA..........................................................................................................
LAMPIRAN.........................................................................................................................
RIWAYAT HIDUP.............................................................................................................
59
65
88
ix
Cantika Setya Permatasari, 2016
SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI HIDROGEL SUPERABSORBEN (SAP) BERBASIS POLI (VINIL
ALKOHOL-KO-ETILEN GLIKOL)
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu| perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1.
Karakteristik Fisik Poli (Vinil Alkohol)...............................................
11
Tabel 2.2.
Sisi Aktif Agen Pengikat Silang dan Gugus Fungsi yang Diserang.....
14
Tabel 3.1.
Perbandingan Volume PVA dan PEG..................................................
29
Tabel 3.2.
Perbandingan Volume PVA-PEG Dengan Pengikat Silang GA..........
30
Tabel 4.1.
Perbandingan Komposisi PVA dan PEG..............................................
35
Tabel 4.2.
Perbandingan Komposisi GA Terhadap Kopolimer PVA-PEG...........
38
Tabel 4.3.
Hasil Analisis Spektra FTIR Hidrogel SAP..........................................
45
Tabel 4.4.
Data Parameter Difraktogram X-Ray Hidrogel SAP............................
46
Tabel 4.5.
Data Kekuatan Tarik Hidrogel SAP.....................................................
53
x
Cantika Setya Permatasari, 2016
SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI HIDROGEL SUPERABSORBEN (SAP) BERBASIS POLI (VINIL
ALKOHOL-KO-ETILEN GLIKOL)
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu| perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1.
Ilustrasi Material SAP Anionik Berbasis Akrilik..............................
8
Gambar 2.2.
Struktur Poli (Vinil Alkohol).............................................................
10
Gambar 2.3.
Struktur Glutaraldehid.......................................................................
16
Gambar 2.4.
Reaksi Ikat Silang PVA oleh GA......................................................
16
Gambar 2.5.
Struktur Poli (Etilen Glikol)..............................................................
17
Gambar 2.6.
Reaksi Pembentukan Homopolimer PVA.........................................
19
Gambar 2.7.
Mekanisme Kopolimerisasi Cangkok................................................
20
Gambar 2.8.
Proses Kopolimerisasi Grafting From...............................................
21
Gambar 2.9.
Reaksi Kopolimerisasi Cangkok Melalui Makromonomer...............
21
Gambar 2.10.
Sintesis Hidrogel Polimerisasi Radikal Bebas dan Ikat Silang.........
22
Gambar 2.11.
Sintesis Hidrogel Melalui Proses Ikat Silang Polimer Reaktif
Dengan Agen Pengikat Silang Multi-Fungsional..............................
23
Gambar 2.12.
Proses Interaksi Hidrofobik Pembentuk Gel Fisik Metode In-Situ...
24
Gambar 2.13.
Formasi Hidrogel Ionik......................................................................
25
Gambar 3.1.
Diagram Alir Penelitian Tahap Preparasi..........................................
27
Gambar 3.2.
Diagram Alir Penelitian.....................................................................
28
Gambar 4.1.
Rasio Swelling Hidrogel SAP Pada Variasi Rasio Komposisi PVAPEG....................................................................................................
Gambar 4.2.
Retensi Air Hidrogel SAP Pada Variasi Rasio Komposisi PVAPEG....................................................................................................
Gambar 4.3.
Gambar 4.5.
37
Rasio Swelling Hidrogel SAP Terikat Silang Dengan Variasi
Komposisi Agen Pengikat Silang GA................................................
Gambar 4.4.
36
39
Retensi Air Hidrogel SAP Terikat Silang Dengan Variasi
Komposisi Agen Pengikat Silang GA................................................
41
Spektra FTIR PVA dan Kopolimer PVA-PEG..................................
43
xi
Cantika Setya Permatasari, 2016
SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI HIDROGEL SUPERABSORBEN (SAP) BERBASIS POLI (VINIL
ALKOHOL-KO-ETILEN GLIKOL)
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu| perpustakaan.upi.edu
Gambar 4.6.
Spektra FTIR Hidrogel SAP Tanpa dan Dengan Pengikat Silang
GA.......................................................................................................
Gambar 4.7.
Difraktogram X-Ray Hidrogel SAP Berbasis PVA, Kopolimer
PVA-PEG dan Kopolimer PVA-PEG Terikat Silang GA..................
Gambar 4.8.
51
Rasio Swelling Hidrogel SAP Berbasis PVA, Kopolimer PVAPEG dan Kopolimer PVA-PEG Terikat Silang GA...........................
Gambar 4.12.
49
Profile DTA Hidrogel SAP Berbasis PVA, Kopolimer PVA-PEG
dan Kopolimer PVA-PEG Terikat Silang GA....................................
Gambar 4.11.
48
Termogram Hidrogel SAP Berbasis PVA, Kopolimer PVA-PEG
dan Kopolimer PVA-PEG Terikat Silang GA....................................
Gambar 4.10.
46
Foto SEM Hidrogel SAP Berbasis PVA, Kopolimer PVA-PEG dan
Kopolimer PVA-PEG Terikat Silang GA...........................................
Gambar 4.9.
44
53
Retensi Air Hidrogel SAP Berbasis PVA, Kopolimer PVA-PEG
dan Kopolimer PVA-PEG Terikat Silang GA....................................
xii
Cantika Setya Permatasari, 2016
SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI HIDROGEL SUPERABSORBEN (SAP) BERBASIS POLI (VINIL
ALKOHOL-KO-ETILEN GLIKOL)
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu| perpustakaan.upi.edu
55
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1.
Data Perhitungan............................................................................. 65
Lampiran 2.
Lampiran 3.
Tabel Swelling Ratio Tahap Optimasi Komposisi PVA-PEG........ 68
Lampiran 4.
Lampiran 5.
Tabel Retensi Air Tahap Optimasi Komposisi PVA-PEG.............
Tabel Retensi Air Tahap Optimasi Komposisi PVA-PEG Terikat
Silang GA........................................................................................
Spektra FTIR Hidrogel SAP Berbasis PVA...................................
Spektra FTIR Hidrogel SAP Berbasis PVA-PEG..........................
Spektra FTIR Hidrogel SAP Berbasis PVA-PEG Terikat Silang
GA...................................................................................................
Difraktogram X-Ray Hidrogel SAP Berbasis PVA........................
Lampiran 6.
Lampiran 7.
Lampiran 8.
Lampiran 9.
Lampiran 10.
Lampiran 11.
Lampiran 12.
Lampiran 13.
Lampiran 14.
Lampiran 15.
Lampiran 16.
Lampiran 17.
Lampiran 18.
Lampiran 19.
Lampiran 20.
Lampiran 21.
Tabel Swelling Ratio Tahap Optimasi Komposisi PVA-PEG
Terikat Silang GA...........................................................................
Difraktogram X-Ray Hidrogel SAP Berbasis PVA-PEG...............
Difraktogram X-Ray Hidrogel SAP Berbasis PVA-PEG Terikat
Silang GA........................................................................................
Foto SEM Hidrogel SAP Berbasis PVA.........................................
Foto SEM Hidrogel SAP Berbasis PVA-PEG................................
Foto SEM Hidrogel SAP Berbasis PVA-PEG Terikat Silang
GA...................................................................................................
Profile TG-DTA Hidrogel SAP Berbasis PVA..............................
Profile TG-DTA Hidrogel SAP Berbasis PVA-PEG......................
Profile TG-DTA Hidrogel SAP Berbasis PVA-PEG Terikat
Silang GA........................................................................................
Kurva Tensil Hidrogel SAP Berbasis PVA....................................
Kurva Tensil Hidrogel SAP Berbasis PVA-PEG...........................
Kurva Tensil Hidrogel SAP Berbasis PVA-PEG Terikat Silang
GA..................................................................................................
Tabel Rasio Swelling Hidrogel SAP Berbasis PVA, Kopolimer
PVA-PEG dan Kopolimer PVA-PEG Terikat Silang
GA..................................................................................................
xiii
Cantika Setya Permatasari, 2016
SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI HIDROGEL SUPERABSORBEN (SAP) BERBASIS POLI (VINIL
ALKOHOL-KO-ETILEN GLIKOL)
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu| perpustakaan.upi.edu
69
70
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
Lampiran 22.
Tabel Retensi Air Hidrogel SAP Berbasis PVA, Kopolimer
PVA-PEG dan Kopolimer PVA-PEG Terikat Silang GA..............
xiv
Cantika Setya Permatasari, 2016
SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI HIDROGEL SUPERABSORBEN (SAP) BERBASIS POLI (VINIL
ALKOHOL-KO-ETILEN GLIKOL)
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu| perpustakaan.upi.edu
87