Methods Decrease Electric Field Computer The Using Size Anthropometric Distance Body User.
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1957-1964
I Ketut Wijaya / International Journal of Engineering and Technology (IJET)
Methods Decrease Electric Field Computer
The Using Size Anthropometric Distance
Body User
I Ketut Wijaya
Faculty of Engineering, University of Udayana
Faculty of Electrical Engineering,
Bukit Jimbaran, Badung, Bali, Indonesia
wijaya@ee.unud.ac.id
Abstract— Computers are used with different brands and sizes. Similarly, the bad consequences such
as radiation generated is also very different. In this study was conducted to determine the level of
radiation electric field is generated and influential man. The electric field is generated between 348.67 kV
/ m up to 725.32 kV / m at a distance of 45 cm. In this condition, the electric field is below 5 kV / m, which
means it can not affect the body. In order to use the computer more comfortable then suggested eye
distance to the computer 62.08 cm, 64.83 cm, or 67.58 cm with light intensity 301,8 lux. At a distance of
64.83 cm is a convenient distance to Indonesian people working on computers with of electric field
between 166.00 kV / m up to 324.23 kV/m on of reviews ergonomics. At a distance of 67.58 cm is the
furthest distance in this study with an electric field between 143 kV / m up to 242.67 kV / m and hands it
difficult to reach the keyboard.
Keyword- electric power, efficiency, loss methods, intensity of illumination, and ability seeing from eye
I. INTRODUCTION
Many electronic equipment sometimes is a way to show achievement and quality of life. All of these tools can
help us to do many things, ranging from washing clothes, cooking, ironing, as well as for home entertainment
such as television, radio, VCD players, mobile phones and laptops. Household electronic appliances suspected
to have links with several health effects such as decreased immune system, headaches, sleep disturbances,
decline in work performance, changes in behavior, depression, brain tumors and other tumors, and cancer.
Electronic devices are the most widely used today are mobile phones, televisions, and computer. Electronic
devices emit electromagnetic fields is different, where the greater the voltage (volts per meter (V / m) or kilovolt
per meter (kV / m)) is used, then the radiation is also greater ༰3༱. Electronic devices which will be discussed in
this study is about the danger of computers due to radiation which is issued. The dangers posed by the use of
computers is due to low-frequency electromagnetic radiation, radiation which produced by computer monitors
༰4༱. The radiation caused by the computer can result in a complaint to the eye, such as eye becomes red and
watery, becoming dizzy head and neck became stiff ༰6༱, ༰7༱. The use of computers has the potential to affect the
productivity of the hormone melatonin in the body ༰6༱. The hormone melatonin can affects the condition of
sleep at night. Due to the influence of the terrain electro magnitik hormone melatonin will be reduced so that the
potential to cause a variety of complaints such as fatigue and pain of insomnia ༰5༱. The influence of computer
use in the long term is can cause cataracts, dermatis, and sexual disorders in men and women.
Need to do research to get the answers in penangulangan resulting from computer radiation, so that computer
users know the harmful effects of using a computer and can prevent it.
1.1 Problem Formulation
From the above description may be made formulation of the problem as follows:
1 What is the distance required for working comfort in using the computer?
2 How large the radiation of computer which affect human?
3 How large the intensity of light needed to work using computers?
1.2 Benefits Research
A. Benefits of theoretical
The benefits of this research is as a reference, way, knowing the risks, and troubleshooting to use the
computer properly.
B. Benefits user
After done breakdown problem as above, expected computer users can work more comfortably.
ISSN : 0975-4024
Vol 7 No 5 Oct-Nov 2015
1867
I Ketut Wijaya / International Journal of Engineering and Technology (IJET)
II. THE MATERIALS AND METHODS
The material in this study is the computer lab along with students of Electrical Engineering at the Department
of Electrical Engineering, Udayana University Jimbaran Badung. The sample in this study of 30 people who are
all students.
This research method is by writing in generally based on facts and the author's own experience. The author
also takes on a variety of references, both from the review of literature in the form of internet media sources
related to the effects of computer radiation. Data too obtained by measuring directly from the sample and also
perform calculations.
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1 Results
The level of radiation from the computer research results should be known and the cause of the radiation so
that computer users can do repair working conditions in order to avoid radiation that affect the health of the
body.
3.1.1 Distance comfort in using computers
a. Anthropometric size
Anthropometric size is taken of the size of samples with straight forward clenched hands be measured
directly on the sample in a sitting position.
TABLE 1. Size Anthropometric With A Sample 30 (N = 30)
Size Hand straight Into Home
N
The average (cm)
SD
30
64.83
1.67
percentile 5
percentile 50
percentile 95
62.08
64.83
Results of Measurement Sample ༰8༱
67.58
The mean size reach of hands in front of 30 people of sample, obtained by 64.83 cm with a standard deviation
of 1.67.
b. Percentile size of anthropometric
Size anthropometry percentile sought was to obtain the shortest distance and the distance of farthest from eye
to the computers which be permitted.
3.1.2 The level of computer radiation
Computer radiation measurements obtained from measuring with the electric field measuring instrument. The
results of measurements taken are as follows:
ISSN : 0975-4024
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I Ketut Wijaya / International Journal of Engineering and Technology (IJET)
TABLE 2. Size Radiation Electric Field Computer
Level of Radiation Electric Field (V / m)
No.
Brand or
type
Large
(inc)
1
Flatron
W1953 SE
17 inn
710.33
390.33
254.33
233.67
170.00
2
Flatron
W1953 SE
17 inn
348.67
296.00
248.00
201.67
172.00
3
Flatron
W1953 SE
17 inn
576.00
372.33
271.00
166.00
143.00
4
Flatron
W1953 SE
17 inn
657.34
432.45
289.23
171.00
156.23
5
Compaq
W185q
17 inn
667.67
449.33
339.00
277.67
242.67
6
Compaq
W185q
17 inn
687.34
509.23
453.12
324.23
201.54
7
Compaq
W185q
17 inn
679.12
467.76
367.45
278.45
189.89
8
Compaq
W185q
17 inn
725.32
467.34
387.36
285.54
201.76
9
Compaq
W185q
17 inn
689.34
483.32
382.43
301.19
199.91
The Average
637.90
Results of Measurement Sample ༰8༱
429.79
332.44
248.82
186.33
45 cm
50 cm
62,08
cm
64,83
cm
67,58
cm
3.1.3 The intensity of light needed to work using computers
The room the research can use natural light, but because of the demands and eliminate glare then a fairly wide
window covered with a green cloth drapery. The intensity of light in the room the research can be well
controlled, only use general illumination which is the result of the calculation.
a. The average of light intensity
TABLE 3. Results Calculation And Result Measurement On The Every Corner Of The Room
No.
Measurement Place
The Intensity
of Light
1
The right side
299.3
2
The right side
299.6
3
The right side
305.0
4
In The Middle
310.0
5
The Left side
300.0
6
The Left side
300.0
7
The Left side
299.4
The mean
Results of Measurement Sample ༰8༱
301.9
After obtained many lights are used from the result calculation, then the light intensity is measured by lux
meter at 7 vertex.
3.2 Discussion
3.2.1 Distance comfort in using computers
In a reviewed of ergonomics the distance of work being comfortable in the study was obtained from size of
anthropometry a sample on condition sitting down raised his hand straight forward grasping. Anthropometric
ISSN : 0975-4024
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I Ketut Wijaya / International Journal of Engineering and Technology (IJET)
size of sample used as a measure of distance eye to the computer in working using the computer. Distance of
eyes to computers adjusted to the size antropmetri between distance 62.08 cm, 64.83 cm, or 67.58 cm. This
distance is the best distance from the research used in use of computer. This distance is based on a practical
standpoint, and that recommendation standpoint is 45.7 to 71.1 cm which are recognized by the standards of
ergonomics ༰9༱, ༰11༱. Distance of eyes to the computer that is used in this research is the distance which
adjusted to the size of the anthropometry of sample. Distance anthropometric measure suggested in this study is
a distance with the influence of an electric field smallest.
Distance of results of research based on this antropotri size can be ensured be able to reduce the influence of
the electric field of the computer screen according to the distance of the eye. Distance to the computer according
to the results of this research will be able to reduce pain in the eye ༰14༱. Computer users have to do
reconditioning sit on the computer screen, if do not want to be sick due to the influence of the electric field of
the komputer.
Table 1. Distance comfortable to the Use Pesentil Anthropometrics
3.2.2 Radiation of computer
Level of radiation waves micro emitted by monitor screen of computer, is waves electro magnetic which have
long of waves between 0.3 to 30 cm and large of frekwesi the wave electro magnetic between 1-100 gigahertz.
Microwaves, infrared waves and radio waves do not have a clear difference on the conditions and nature of the
wave ༰2༱. To reduce the wave effect of microwaves namely on electro-magnetic waves, the distance between the
eyes with the computer should be more than 30 cm ༰5༱. Results of research conducted , produce some results in
accordance with anthropometric measure distance. Average of electric field at a distance of 45 cm generates the
magnetic field at 689.34 kV / m, at a distance of 50 generating 483.32 kV / m, at a distance of 62.08 cm
generates 382.43 kV / m, at a distance of 64.83 cm generates 301.19 kV / m, and at a distance of 67.58 cm
generates 199.91 kV / m. Results measuring obtained is the average of radiation within safe levels namely are
below 5 kV /m ༰10༱, this matter may imply the use of the computer is still in safe condition. Impact of electric
field radiation in above or below 5 kV / m, or directly, and prolonged exposure may affect the health of
computer user ༰5༱.
The greater of electric power used by the computer, the greater the electric field that is issued by the monitor
with unit V / m. The strength of the electric field can be avoided by adjusting the distance between the monitor
with eye. Although it has been done adjusting spacing, but also must to do a short rest break to avoid yestrain.
800
1
700
2
600
3
500
4
400
5
300
6
200
7
100
8
0
45 cm
50 cm
62,08 cm
64,83 cm
67,58 cm
9
Table 2. The level of computer radiation
3.2.3 The intensity of light suggested
Large the light intensity obtained from the calculation is equal to 301.9 lux, is sufficient to provide lighting in
the reading room. The greater the intensity of light will give a reading ability of the eye to see of the letter
without adding eye accommodation. On light intensity 301.9 lux, as the eye can see the letter with a height of
ISSN : 0975-4024
Vol 7 No 5 Oct-Nov 2015
1870
I Ketut Wijaya / International Journal of Engineering and Technology (IJET)
2.1 cm x 1.1 cm at a distance of 4.21 meters. The result of calculation reinforced by the opinions Ankrum (2008)
states, the lighting design is often focused on size which customized with job specifications, so the
recommended light intensity between 200-500 lux ༰2༱.
The light intensity based the research Wijaya (2014, 2015) by lowering the light point based on
anthropometric student standing upright hand lifted up to above grasping will get light intensity which enough
to read ༰14༱, ༰15༱.
Working with computers should be with certain requirements, namely the requirement of lighting and
temperature to make workers comfortable with no complaints. Working with lighting shall be in accordance
with the requirements of the required light intensity and temperature shall be in accordance with cold
temperatures of people Indonesia. This provision emphasizes that the of electricity power should is used
efficiently and meet the requirement of use.
312
310
308
306
304
302
300
298
296
294
292
The right side
The right side
The right side
In The Middle
The Left side
The Left side
The Left side
The Intensity of
Light
The Average
Table 3. The Intensity Of Light Suggested
IV. CONCLUSIONS
From the above description can be concluded as follows:
Computers in this study had radiation of the electric field of less than 5 kV/m, are still considered safe in the
work using computers. But many the experts which say that a computer can cause illness such as stiffness in the
hands, pain in the eyes, dizziness, and headaches for no apparent reason. If the computer is used for a long time
every day, preferably know how to use a computer such as: break moment, the distance of eye on to computer,
and with adequate lighting intensity ie 250-500 lux.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I am grateful to Prof. I Made Sutajaya and Prof. I Dewa Putu Sutjana above guidance and enter the given.
Hopefully we can cooperate well.
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1.
First author : I Ketut Wijaya.
I was born : in Padangbai, Karangasem, Bali, Indonesia
Date: October 12, 1959
Education :
1. Education Strata 1: Institute of Technology Surabaya in Surabaya, Indonesia and Acquired degree
which is Ir, 1986
2. Education Strata 2: Ergonomics of Work Physiology Udayana University in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia,
and degree which obtained is M.Erg (Master Ergonomics), 2007
3. Education Strata 3: Ergonomics of Work Physiology Udayana University in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia,
and degree which obtained is Dr (Doctor), in 2011
Often participated in the training, the writing and research national nor international.
Worked as a lecturer at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering University of Udayana Badung, Indonesia from
1987 to the present.
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1957-1964
I Ketut Wijaya / International Journal of Engineering and Technology (IJET)
Methods Decrease Electric Field Computer
The Using Size Anthropometric Distance
Body User
I Ketut Wijaya
Faculty of Engineering, University of Udayana
Faculty of Electrical Engineering,
Bukit Jimbaran, Badung, Bali, Indonesia
wijaya@ee.unud.ac.id
Abstract— Computers are used with different brands and sizes. Similarly, the bad consequences such
as radiation generated is also very different. In this study was conducted to determine the level of
radiation electric field is generated and influential man. The electric field is generated between 348.67 kV
/ m up to 725.32 kV / m at a distance of 45 cm. In this condition, the electric field is below 5 kV / m, which
means it can not affect the body. In order to use the computer more comfortable then suggested eye
distance to the computer 62.08 cm, 64.83 cm, or 67.58 cm with light intensity 301,8 lux. At a distance of
64.83 cm is a convenient distance to Indonesian people working on computers with of electric field
between 166.00 kV / m up to 324.23 kV/m on of reviews ergonomics. At a distance of 67.58 cm is the
furthest distance in this study with an electric field between 143 kV / m up to 242.67 kV / m and hands it
difficult to reach the keyboard.
Keyword- electric power, efficiency, loss methods, intensity of illumination, and ability seeing from eye
I. INTRODUCTION
Many electronic equipment sometimes is a way to show achievement and quality of life. All of these tools can
help us to do many things, ranging from washing clothes, cooking, ironing, as well as for home entertainment
such as television, radio, VCD players, mobile phones and laptops. Household electronic appliances suspected
to have links with several health effects such as decreased immune system, headaches, sleep disturbances,
decline in work performance, changes in behavior, depression, brain tumors and other tumors, and cancer.
Electronic devices are the most widely used today are mobile phones, televisions, and computer. Electronic
devices emit electromagnetic fields is different, where the greater the voltage (volts per meter (V / m) or kilovolt
per meter (kV / m)) is used, then the radiation is also greater ༰3༱. Electronic devices which will be discussed in
this study is about the danger of computers due to radiation which is issued. The dangers posed by the use of
computers is due to low-frequency electromagnetic radiation, radiation which produced by computer monitors
༰4༱. The radiation caused by the computer can result in a complaint to the eye, such as eye becomes red and
watery, becoming dizzy head and neck became stiff ༰6༱, ༰7༱. The use of computers has the potential to affect the
productivity of the hormone melatonin in the body ༰6༱. The hormone melatonin can affects the condition of
sleep at night. Due to the influence of the terrain electro magnitik hormone melatonin will be reduced so that the
potential to cause a variety of complaints such as fatigue and pain of insomnia ༰5༱. The influence of computer
use in the long term is can cause cataracts, dermatis, and sexual disorders in men and women.
Need to do research to get the answers in penangulangan resulting from computer radiation, so that computer
users know the harmful effects of using a computer and can prevent it.
1.1 Problem Formulation
From the above description may be made formulation of the problem as follows:
1 What is the distance required for working comfort in using the computer?
2 How large the radiation of computer which affect human?
3 How large the intensity of light needed to work using computers?
1.2 Benefits Research
A. Benefits of theoretical
The benefits of this research is as a reference, way, knowing the risks, and troubleshooting to use the
computer properly.
B. Benefits user
After done breakdown problem as above, expected computer users can work more comfortably.
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II. THE MATERIALS AND METHODS
The material in this study is the computer lab along with students of Electrical Engineering at the Department
of Electrical Engineering, Udayana University Jimbaran Badung. The sample in this study of 30 people who are
all students.
This research method is by writing in generally based on facts and the author's own experience. The author
also takes on a variety of references, both from the review of literature in the form of internet media sources
related to the effects of computer radiation. Data too obtained by measuring directly from the sample and also
perform calculations.
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1 Results
The level of radiation from the computer research results should be known and the cause of the radiation so
that computer users can do repair working conditions in order to avoid radiation that affect the health of the
body.
3.1.1 Distance comfort in using computers
a. Anthropometric size
Anthropometric size is taken of the size of samples with straight forward clenched hands be measured
directly on the sample in a sitting position.
TABLE 1. Size Anthropometric With A Sample 30 (N = 30)
Size Hand straight Into Home
N
The average (cm)
SD
30
64.83
1.67
percentile 5
percentile 50
percentile 95
62.08
64.83
Results of Measurement Sample ༰8༱
67.58
The mean size reach of hands in front of 30 people of sample, obtained by 64.83 cm with a standard deviation
of 1.67.
b. Percentile size of anthropometric
Size anthropometry percentile sought was to obtain the shortest distance and the distance of farthest from eye
to the computers which be permitted.
3.1.2 The level of computer radiation
Computer radiation measurements obtained from measuring with the electric field measuring instrument. The
results of measurements taken are as follows:
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TABLE 2. Size Radiation Electric Field Computer
Level of Radiation Electric Field (V / m)
No.
Brand or
type
Large
(inc)
1
Flatron
W1953 SE
17 inn
710.33
390.33
254.33
233.67
170.00
2
Flatron
W1953 SE
17 inn
348.67
296.00
248.00
201.67
172.00
3
Flatron
W1953 SE
17 inn
576.00
372.33
271.00
166.00
143.00
4
Flatron
W1953 SE
17 inn
657.34
432.45
289.23
171.00
156.23
5
Compaq
W185q
17 inn
667.67
449.33
339.00
277.67
242.67
6
Compaq
W185q
17 inn
687.34
509.23
453.12
324.23
201.54
7
Compaq
W185q
17 inn
679.12
467.76
367.45
278.45
189.89
8
Compaq
W185q
17 inn
725.32
467.34
387.36
285.54
201.76
9
Compaq
W185q
17 inn
689.34
483.32
382.43
301.19
199.91
The Average
637.90
Results of Measurement Sample ༰8༱
429.79
332.44
248.82
186.33
45 cm
50 cm
62,08
cm
64,83
cm
67,58
cm
3.1.3 The intensity of light needed to work using computers
The room the research can use natural light, but because of the demands and eliminate glare then a fairly wide
window covered with a green cloth drapery. The intensity of light in the room the research can be well
controlled, only use general illumination which is the result of the calculation.
a. The average of light intensity
TABLE 3. Results Calculation And Result Measurement On The Every Corner Of The Room
No.
Measurement Place
The Intensity
of Light
1
The right side
299.3
2
The right side
299.6
3
The right side
305.0
4
In The Middle
310.0
5
The Left side
300.0
6
The Left side
300.0
7
The Left side
299.4
The mean
Results of Measurement Sample ༰8༱
301.9
After obtained many lights are used from the result calculation, then the light intensity is measured by lux
meter at 7 vertex.
3.2 Discussion
3.2.1 Distance comfort in using computers
In a reviewed of ergonomics the distance of work being comfortable in the study was obtained from size of
anthropometry a sample on condition sitting down raised his hand straight forward grasping. Anthropometric
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size of sample used as a measure of distance eye to the computer in working using the computer. Distance of
eyes to computers adjusted to the size antropmetri between distance 62.08 cm, 64.83 cm, or 67.58 cm. This
distance is the best distance from the research used in use of computer. This distance is based on a practical
standpoint, and that recommendation standpoint is 45.7 to 71.1 cm which are recognized by the standards of
ergonomics ༰9༱, ༰11༱. Distance of eyes to the computer that is used in this research is the distance which
adjusted to the size of the anthropometry of sample. Distance anthropometric measure suggested in this study is
a distance with the influence of an electric field smallest.
Distance of results of research based on this antropotri size can be ensured be able to reduce the influence of
the electric field of the computer screen according to the distance of the eye. Distance to the computer according
to the results of this research will be able to reduce pain in the eye ༰14༱. Computer users have to do
reconditioning sit on the computer screen, if do not want to be sick due to the influence of the electric field of
the komputer.
Table 1. Distance comfortable to the Use Pesentil Anthropometrics
3.2.2 Radiation of computer
Level of radiation waves micro emitted by monitor screen of computer, is waves electro magnetic which have
long of waves between 0.3 to 30 cm and large of frekwesi the wave electro magnetic between 1-100 gigahertz.
Microwaves, infrared waves and radio waves do not have a clear difference on the conditions and nature of the
wave ༰2༱. To reduce the wave effect of microwaves namely on electro-magnetic waves, the distance between the
eyes with the computer should be more than 30 cm ༰5༱. Results of research conducted , produce some results in
accordance with anthropometric measure distance. Average of electric field at a distance of 45 cm generates the
magnetic field at 689.34 kV / m, at a distance of 50 generating 483.32 kV / m, at a distance of 62.08 cm
generates 382.43 kV / m, at a distance of 64.83 cm generates 301.19 kV / m, and at a distance of 67.58 cm
generates 199.91 kV / m. Results measuring obtained is the average of radiation within safe levels namely are
below 5 kV /m ༰10༱, this matter may imply the use of the computer is still in safe condition. Impact of electric
field radiation in above or below 5 kV / m, or directly, and prolonged exposure may affect the health of
computer user ༰5༱.
The greater of electric power used by the computer, the greater the electric field that is issued by the monitor
with unit V / m. The strength of the electric field can be avoided by adjusting the distance between the monitor
with eye. Although it has been done adjusting spacing, but also must to do a short rest break to avoid yestrain.
800
1
700
2
600
3
500
4
400
5
300
6
200
7
100
8
0
45 cm
50 cm
62,08 cm
64,83 cm
67,58 cm
9
Table 2. The level of computer radiation
3.2.3 The intensity of light suggested
Large the light intensity obtained from the calculation is equal to 301.9 lux, is sufficient to provide lighting in
the reading room. The greater the intensity of light will give a reading ability of the eye to see of the letter
without adding eye accommodation. On light intensity 301.9 lux, as the eye can see the letter with a height of
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2.1 cm x 1.1 cm at a distance of 4.21 meters. The result of calculation reinforced by the opinions Ankrum (2008)
states, the lighting design is often focused on size which customized with job specifications, so the
recommended light intensity between 200-500 lux ༰2༱.
The light intensity based the research Wijaya (2014, 2015) by lowering the light point based on
anthropometric student standing upright hand lifted up to above grasping will get light intensity which enough
to read ༰14༱, ༰15༱.
Working with computers should be with certain requirements, namely the requirement of lighting and
temperature to make workers comfortable with no complaints. Working with lighting shall be in accordance
with the requirements of the required light intensity and temperature shall be in accordance with cold
temperatures of people Indonesia. This provision emphasizes that the of electricity power should is used
efficiently and meet the requirement of use.
312
310
308
306
304
302
300
298
296
294
292
The right side
The right side
The right side
In The Middle
The Left side
The Left side
The Left side
The Intensity of
Light
The Average
Table 3. The Intensity Of Light Suggested
IV. CONCLUSIONS
From the above description can be concluded as follows:
Computers in this study had radiation of the electric field of less than 5 kV/m, are still considered safe in the
work using computers. But many the experts which say that a computer can cause illness such as stiffness in the
hands, pain in the eyes, dizziness, and headaches for no apparent reason. If the computer is used for a long time
every day, preferably know how to use a computer such as: break moment, the distance of eye on to computer,
and with adequate lighting intensity ie 250-500 lux.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I am grateful to Prof. I Made Sutajaya and Prof. I Dewa Putu Sutjana above guidance and enter the given.
Hopefully we can cooperate well.
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1.
First author : I Ketut Wijaya.
I was born : in Padangbai, Karangasem, Bali, Indonesia
Date: October 12, 1959
Education :
1. Education Strata 1: Institute of Technology Surabaya in Surabaya, Indonesia and Acquired degree
which is Ir, 1986
2. Education Strata 2: Ergonomics of Work Physiology Udayana University in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia,
and degree which obtained is M.Erg (Master Ergonomics), 2007
3. Education Strata 3: Ergonomics of Work Physiology Udayana University in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia,
and degree which obtained is Dr (Doctor), in 2011
Often participated in the training, the writing and research national nor international.
Worked as a lecturer at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering University of Udayana Badung, Indonesia from
1987 to the present.
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