POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF REQUEST FOUND IN Politeness Strategies Of Request Found In Pride And Prejudice Movie.
POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF REQUEST FOUND IN
PRIDE AND PREJUDICE MOVIE
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
Created by:
ASRI DWI HASTARI
A 320 080 212
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
SCHOOL OF TEACHING TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2013
ii
iii
TESTIMONY
Herewith, I testify that in this research paper, there is no plagiarism of the
previous literary work which has been raised to obtain bachelor degree of
university, nor there are opinions and masterpieces which have been written or
published by others, except those in which the writing are referred in manuscript
and mentioned in literary review and bibliography.
Hence, later, if it is proven that there are some untrue statements in this
testimony, hence I will hold fully responsible.
Surakarta, March 2013
ASRI DWI HASTARI
A 320 080 212
iv
MOTTO
“only dead fish go with the flow”
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is dedicated especially to:
Jumaiyah, S.Pd, M.Si
A woman whom I could smell the heaven beneath her feet and
a woman with the hardest backbone in the world
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
In the name of Allah SWT, the most gracious and merciful, the writer would
like to thank to Allah SWT, because of this mercies and blessings she can finish
writing her research entitled “Politeness Strategies of Request Found in Pride and
Prejudice Movie”.
In conducting this research, the writer gets some helps from many people.
On this very special occasion, the writer would like to express her great gratitude
and appreciation to those who helped her completing this research paper.
1.
Drs. Sofyan Anif, M.Si, the Dean of School of Teacher Training and
Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
2.
Titis Setyabudi, S.S, M.Hum, the Head of Department of English Education.
3.
Prof. Dr. Endang Fauziati, M.Hum, the first consultant for her patience in
providing continuous guidance, advice, suggestion and correction till the end
of this research.
4.
Drs. Agus Wijayanto, MA, Ph.D, as the second consultant who has patiently
and kindly given additional idea, advice, suggestion, correction and
guidance from the beginning up to the completion of this research.
5.
All the lecturers at Department of English Education of Muhammadiyah
University of Surakarta for the valuable knowledge and experiences.
vii
6.
Her beloved mother for everything she has taught to the writer about life,
love, struggle, sacrifice, patience, kindness and cares. She is the biggest
inspiration for the writer.
7.
Her father for everything he has done to the writer. There is no word that
can describe how the writer miss him.
8.
The most amazing sibling in the world, Rizka Kusuma Wardhani and her
little family with Wahludi and Nabilah Najma Amirah. The writer really
wants to know her closer, not only as a sister but as a friend as well.
9.
Irvan Prajudha Sukarno for everything the writer cannot count. Some may
call it destiny, some may call it meant to be, but the writer just calls it ‘you
and me’. Even though, how high the mountain and how deep the cave, the
writer will always pray that the beach keep being there to unify the writer
and him today, tomorrow and forever.
10.
Rossy ‘Rose’ Youdhari for being the best mate in the last five years.
11.
Vinami Yulian, S.Kep, Ns, MSc Nurs and Fitri Kurniawan, S.Pd, M.Res
wanna be, for taking the writer from desperation. Salam Aberdonian!
12.
All friends in F Community and in Department of English Education that the
writer cannot mention one by one.
13.
The big family of MALIMPA UMS. Forever the writer will be the
’09.26.003 MPA’. Keep the people, keep the passion, and keep the
adventure!
14.
The members of MEDS. In the end, everybody can say ‘The judge is God’.
viii
15.
The writer’s high school best friends she has ever had, Teteh, Meyez, Ocha,
Nana, Sarah, A’O, Ditha, Nurul, Besga and Tungtung.
16.
Last but not least, those who cannot be mentioned one by one that have
supported the writer in finishing this research paper.
She realizes that this research paper is still far from being perfect because of
limited capability. Hence, revision, suggestion and structural criticism are hoped
for the perfection of this work. The writer does hope this study will be useful and
helpful for those who read it, especially those who are interested in Pragmatics
Study.
Surakarta, March 2013
Asri Dwi Hastari
ix
ABSTRACT
ASRI DWI HASTARI. A320080212. POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF
REQUEST FOUND IN PRIDE AND PREJUDICE MOVIE. Research Paper.
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. 2013.
This study focuses on politeness strategy of request found in Pride and
Prejudice movie using Brown and Levinson’s theory. Someone should know how
to utter a polite request in English, because a request can threat both of the
speaker and hearer’s face. Speakers have to minimize the imposition in their
request. Therefore, the users of the language must give attention to the use of
politeness strategy especially in delivering request so that it can minimize the
potential of face loss. The purpose in using politeness strategy is to make people
can communicate in the right language based on the context when the
communication is occurred.
This research aims to investigate the following questions: (1) the types of
politeness strategies of request are used in Pride and Prejudice movie, (2) the
dominant types of politeness strategies of request are used in Pride and Prejudice
movie, and (3) the factors contribute to the choice of politeness strategies in
realizing request in Pride and Prejudice movie.
This research is a descriptive qualitative research. The data of this research
are the excerpts which contain politeness strategy of request utterances taken from
the conversation of the characters in Pride and Prejudice movie. The collected
data are analyzed by using Brown and Levinson’s theory of politeness strategy.
Then, the data are determined its type of politeness strategy based on the theory.
Finally the dominant type of politeness strategy of request and the factors
influencing it is determined. The last, conclusion is drawn.
The result of the study those are, 1) there are four types of politeness
strategies of request which are used by the characters of Pride and Prejudice
movie, those four strategies are Bald on Record, Positive Politeness, Negative
Politeness and Off Record, 2) the greatest amount of politeness strategy of request
which is used in Pride and Prejudice movie is Bald on Record that is 45 excerpts
or 61.64%, the second is Positive Politeness which is found in 8 excerpts or
10.96%, the others are Negative Politeness is found in 16 excerpts or 21.92%, and
Off Record is found in 4 excerpts or 5.48%, thus, the dominant type of politeness
strategy of request in Pride and Prejudice movie is Bald on Record, 3)
furthermore, the result shows that the characters in Pride and Prejudice movie
were influenced by two factors in realizing politeness strategy of request, those
factors are payoff and relevant circumstances cover ‘social distance’ (D) of
speaker and hearer, relative ‘power’ (P) of speaker and hearer, and the absolute
ranking (R) of imposition in the particular culture.
Key words: Pragmatics, Politeness, Politeness Strategy, Request
x
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE ........................................................................................................... i
APPROVAL ................................................................................................. ii
ACCEPTANCE ............................................................................................ iii
TESTIMONY ............................................................................................... iv
MOTTO ........................................................................................................ v
DEDICATION .............................................................................................. vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................ vii
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................. x
TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................ xi
LIST OF TABLE .......................................................................................... xiv
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION ......................................................... 1
A. Background of the Study ......................................... 1
B. Problem of the Study ............................................... 6
C. Objective of the Study ............................................. 6
D. Significant of the Study ........................................... 7
E. Research Paper Organization .................................. 8
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE..................... 10
A. Previous Study ......................................................... 10
B. Theoretical Review .................................................. 21
1.
Notion of Politeness Strategy........................... 21
2.
Brown and Levinson’s concept of Politeness
xi
Strategy ............................................................ 24
a. Brown and Levinson’s Notion of Face ...... 25
b. Brown and Levinson’s Classification of
Politeness Strategies ................................... 27
1) Bald on Record Strategy ...................... 27
2) Positive Politeness Strategy ................. 29
3) Negative Politeness Strategy................ 33
4) Off Record Strategy ............................. 34
3.
Speech Act of Request ..................................... 37
4.
Classification of Request ................................. 40
5.
Factors Influencing People to Use Politeness
Strategy in Request .......................................... 43
a. Payoffs ....................................................... 43
b. Relevant Circumstances ............................. 44
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHOD ................................................ 48
A. Type of the Research ............................................... 48
B. Object of the Research............................................. 48
C. Data and data Source ............................................... 49
D. Technique of the Data Collection ............................ 49
E. Technique of Analyzing Data ................................. 50
CHAPTER IV
RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION............... 51
A. Research Finding ..................................................... 51
1.
Types of Politeness Strategies of Request
xii
Which Are Used in Pride and Prejudice
Movie ............................................................... 51
a. Bald on Record .......................................... 51
b. Positive Politeness ..................................... 59
c. Negative Politeness .................................... 70
d. Off Record ................................................. 79
2.
The Dominant Types of Politeness Strategies
Of Request Used in Pride and Prejudice
Movie ............................................................... 83
3.
The Factors Contribute to the Choice of
Politeness Strategies in Realizing Request in
Pride and Prejudice Movie .............................. 87
B. Discussion of The Finding....................................... 150
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION.......................... 155
A. Conclusion ............................................................... 155
B. Pedagogical Implications......................................... 157
C. Suggestion ............................................................... 158
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
xiii
LIST OF THE TABLE
Table 1
Result of the analysis ................................................................. 86
xiv
PRIDE AND PREJUDICE MOVIE
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
Created by:
ASRI DWI HASTARI
A 320 080 212
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
SCHOOL OF TEACHING TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2013
ii
iii
TESTIMONY
Herewith, I testify that in this research paper, there is no plagiarism of the
previous literary work which has been raised to obtain bachelor degree of
university, nor there are opinions and masterpieces which have been written or
published by others, except those in which the writing are referred in manuscript
and mentioned in literary review and bibliography.
Hence, later, if it is proven that there are some untrue statements in this
testimony, hence I will hold fully responsible.
Surakarta, March 2013
ASRI DWI HASTARI
A 320 080 212
iv
MOTTO
“only dead fish go with the flow”
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is dedicated especially to:
Jumaiyah, S.Pd, M.Si
A woman whom I could smell the heaven beneath her feet and
a woman with the hardest backbone in the world
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
In the name of Allah SWT, the most gracious and merciful, the writer would
like to thank to Allah SWT, because of this mercies and blessings she can finish
writing her research entitled “Politeness Strategies of Request Found in Pride and
Prejudice Movie”.
In conducting this research, the writer gets some helps from many people.
On this very special occasion, the writer would like to express her great gratitude
and appreciation to those who helped her completing this research paper.
1.
Drs. Sofyan Anif, M.Si, the Dean of School of Teacher Training and
Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
2.
Titis Setyabudi, S.S, M.Hum, the Head of Department of English Education.
3.
Prof. Dr. Endang Fauziati, M.Hum, the first consultant for her patience in
providing continuous guidance, advice, suggestion and correction till the end
of this research.
4.
Drs. Agus Wijayanto, MA, Ph.D, as the second consultant who has patiently
and kindly given additional idea, advice, suggestion, correction and
guidance from the beginning up to the completion of this research.
5.
All the lecturers at Department of English Education of Muhammadiyah
University of Surakarta for the valuable knowledge and experiences.
vii
6.
Her beloved mother for everything she has taught to the writer about life,
love, struggle, sacrifice, patience, kindness and cares. She is the biggest
inspiration for the writer.
7.
Her father for everything he has done to the writer. There is no word that
can describe how the writer miss him.
8.
The most amazing sibling in the world, Rizka Kusuma Wardhani and her
little family with Wahludi and Nabilah Najma Amirah. The writer really
wants to know her closer, not only as a sister but as a friend as well.
9.
Irvan Prajudha Sukarno for everything the writer cannot count. Some may
call it destiny, some may call it meant to be, but the writer just calls it ‘you
and me’. Even though, how high the mountain and how deep the cave, the
writer will always pray that the beach keep being there to unify the writer
and him today, tomorrow and forever.
10.
Rossy ‘Rose’ Youdhari for being the best mate in the last five years.
11.
Vinami Yulian, S.Kep, Ns, MSc Nurs and Fitri Kurniawan, S.Pd, M.Res
wanna be, for taking the writer from desperation. Salam Aberdonian!
12.
All friends in F Community and in Department of English Education that the
writer cannot mention one by one.
13.
The big family of MALIMPA UMS. Forever the writer will be the
’09.26.003 MPA’. Keep the people, keep the passion, and keep the
adventure!
14.
The members of MEDS. In the end, everybody can say ‘The judge is God’.
viii
15.
The writer’s high school best friends she has ever had, Teteh, Meyez, Ocha,
Nana, Sarah, A’O, Ditha, Nurul, Besga and Tungtung.
16.
Last but not least, those who cannot be mentioned one by one that have
supported the writer in finishing this research paper.
She realizes that this research paper is still far from being perfect because of
limited capability. Hence, revision, suggestion and structural criticism are hoped
for the perfection of this work. The writer does hope this study will be useful and
helpful for those who read it, especially those who are interested in Pragmatics
Study.
Surakarta, March 2013
Asri Dwi Hastari
ix
ABSTRACT
ASRI DWI HASTARI. A320080212. POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF
REQUEST FOUND IN PRIDE AND PREJUDICE MOVIE. Research Paper.
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. 2013.
This study focuses on politeness strategy of request found in Pride and
Prejudice movie using Brown and Levinson’s theory. Someone should know how
to utter a polite request in English, because a request can threat both of the
speaker and hearer’s face. Speakers have to minimize the imposition in their
request. Therefore, the users of the language must give attention to the use of
politeness strategy especially in delivering request so that it can minimize the
potential of face loss. The purpose in using politeness strategy is to make people
can communicate in the right language based on the context when the
communication is occurred.
This research aims to investigate the following questions: (1) the types of
politeness strategies of request are used in Pride and Prejudice movie, (2) the
dominant types of politeness strategies of request are used in Pride and Prejudice
movie, and (3) the factors contribute to the choice of politeness strategies in
realizing request in Pride and Prejudice movie.
This research is a descriptive qualitative research. The data of this research
are the excerpts which contain politeness strategy of request utterances taken from
the conversation of the characters in Pride and Prejudice movie. The collected
data are analyzed by using Brown and Levinson’s theory of politeness strategy.
Then, the data are determined its type of politeness strategy based on the theory.
Finally the dominant type of politeness strategy of request and the factors
influencing it is determined. The last, conclusion is drawn.
The result of the study those are, 1) there are four types of politeness
strategies of request which are used by the characters of Pride and Prejudice
movie, those four strategies are Bald on Record, Positive Politeness, Negative
Politeness and Off Record, 2) the greatest amount of politeness strategy of request
which is used in Pride and Prejudice movie is Bald on Record that is 45 excerpts
or 61.64%, the second is Positive Politeness which is found in 8 excerpts or
10.96%, the others are Negative Politeness is found in 16 excerpts or 21.92%, and
Off Record is found in 4 excerpts or 5.48%, thus, the dominant type of politeness
strategy of request in Pride and Prejudice movie is Bald on Record, 3)
furthermore, the result shows that the characters in Pride and Prejudice movie
were influenced by two factors in realizing politeness strategy of request, those
factors are payoff and relevant circumstances cover ‘social distance’ (D) of
speaker and hearer, relative ‘power’ (P) of speaker and hearer, and the absolute
ranking (R) of imposition in the particular culture.
Key words: Pragmatics, Politeness, Politeness Strategy, Request
x
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE ........................................................................................................... i
APPROVAL ................................................................................................. ii
ACCEPTANCE ............................................................................................ iii
TESTIMONY ............................................................................................... iv
MOTTO ........................................................................................................ v
DEDICATION .............................................................................................. vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................ vii
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................. x
TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................ xi
LIST OF TABLE .......................................................................................... xiv
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION ......................................................... 1
A. Background of the Study ......................................... 1
B. Problem of the Study ............................................... 6
C. Objective of the Study ............................................. 6
D. Significant of the Study ........................................... 7
E. Research Paper Organization .................................. 8
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE..................... 10
A. Previous Study ......................................................... 10
B. Theoretical Review .................................................. 21
1.
Notion of Politeness Strategy........................... 21
2.
Brown and Levinson’s concept of Politeness
xi
Strategy ............................................................ 24
a. Brown and Levinson’s Notion of Face ...... 25
b. Brown and Levinson’s Classification of
Politeness Strategies ................................... 27
1) Bald on Record Strategy ...................... 27
2) Positive Politeness Strategy ................. 29
3) Negative Politeness Strategy................ 33
4) Off Record Strategy ............................. 34
3.
Speech Act of Request ..................................... 37
4.
Classification of Request ................................. 40
5.
Factors Influencing People to Use Politeness
Strategy in Request .......................................... 43
a. Payoffs ....................................................... 43
b. Relevant Circumstances ............................. 44
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHOD ................................................ 48
A. Type of the Research ............................................... 48
B. Object of the Research............................................. 48
C. Data and data Source ............................................... 49
D. Technique of the Data Collection ............................ 49
E. Technique of Analyzing Data ................................. 50
CHAPTER IV
RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION............... 51
A. Research Finding ..................................................... 51
1.
Types of Politeness Strategies of Request
xii
Which Are Used in Pride and Prejudice
Movie ............................................................... 51
a. Bald on Record .......................................... 51
b. Positive Politeness ..................................... 59
c. Negative Politeness .................................... 70
d. Off Record ................................................. 79
2.
The Dominant Types of Politeness Strategies
Of Request Used in Pride and Prejudice
Movie ............................................................... 83
3.
The Factors Contribute to the Choice of
Politeness Strategies in Realizing Request in
Pride and Prejudice Movie .............................. 87
B. Discussion of The Finding....................................... 150
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION.......................... 155
A. Conclusion ............................................................... 155
B. Pedagogical Implications......................................... 157
C. Suggestion ............................................................... 158
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
xiii
LIST OF THE TABLE
Table 1
Result of the analysis ................................................................. 86
xiv