POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF THE REQUEST FOUND IN MIRROR-MIRROR: SNOW WHITE MOVIE (2012) Politeness strategies of the Request Found in Mirror-Mirror: Snow White movie (2012).
POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF THE REQUEST FOUND
IN MIRROR-MIRROR: SNOW WHITE MOVIE (2012)
Submitted to Fulfil of One the Requirement
For Completion of Graduate Degree in Language Education
A THESIS
A Thesis
By
Heri Cahyono Putro
S200110055
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
GRADUATE PROGRAM
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2015
i
ii
iii
iv
ABSTRACT
HERI CAHYONO PUTRO. S200110055. POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF
THE
REQUEST
FOUND
IN
MIRROR-MIRROR:
SNOW
WHITE
MOVIE.Thesis. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta 2015.
Politeness is closed with interaction among the people. It is usually also
call “polite social behaviour” or etiquette, within a culture. It means that
politeness is cannot be same each country or place. This study is focused on
politeness strategy of request, because it is the based on the social relationship
communication. This research investigates the politeness strategies of the requests
found in Mirror-Mirror: Snow White Movie. Descriptive qualitative research used
by method’s researcher. The data source of this research form scripts of the
movie. The researcher used techniques in collecting data by documentation. Then,
the researcher was coding the data of his research. The data of politeness
strategies used by three groups were coded with serial number, types of politeness
strategies, pragmalinguistic features, and the factors contribute to choosing
politeness strategies.
The results are four types of politeness strategies, they are bald on record,
positive politeness, negative politeness and off record. The pragmalinguistic
features of request consist of internal modification and external modifications.
The factors contribute in choosing politeness strategies are consist of the payoffs
as a priori consideration and the circumtances as sociological variables.
Key words: Politeness strategies, Request, Pragmalinguistic
ivv
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
MOTTO:
Set elah kesukar an past i akan ada kemudahan
Ber j uanglah untuk hidup dengan ikhlas dan j uj ur
All is w ell....Amin
DEDICATION:
Allah SWT
His beloved Father and Mother
His Special one;
Shennthurtu/Nanongtu/Cebongtu/
Yuppytu/Pimbemtu/Nur Rohmawati
All of his friends
(Febby, Ferry, Pak Trisno Solo,
Mas Agung, Mas Luthfi, Bu Wiwik
and the others)
His beloved lectures
(Mom Endang Fauziati, Mr. Anam
Sutopo, Mrs. Agustina, and the
others)
viv
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
vii
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillahirobil’alamin, the researcher says thanks to Allah SWT for
the merciful and blessing in order that the researcher can finish this thesis from
the first up to the last.
It has been realized by the researcher that this writing would never been
completed comprehensively without any help from others, and actually many
people have contributed spiritually or physically for this thesis. The researcher
would like to express the deepest gratitude and an appreciation to:
1. Prof. Dr. Khudzaifah Dimyati, SH., M.Hum, as the director of Graduate
Program of Muhamammadiyah University of Surakarta
2. Prof. Dr. Markhamah, M. Hum, the head of Magister Language Study of
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta who have given her a chance to write
this thesis.
3. Prof. Dr. Endang Fauziati, M. Hum, The First Advisor, for her careful
guidance, support, suggestion, corrections and advice, which has helped the
writer to shape up this work.
4. Dr. Anam Sutopo, M. Hum., the Second Advisor, for her careful guidance and
advice, which has helped the writer to shape up this work.
5. His beloved father (Nur Hariyadi Pamungkas) and mother (Sulastri), who
always gives his the support and pray to the researcher to finish this thesis.
6. His Special One, Nur Rohmawati who always give her supports, her prays, her
loves which has helped the writer to shape up this study.
7. His beloved brother (Haris Setiyawan) who teach me English with patience.
vii
viii
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE................................................................................................................... i
NOTE OF ADVISOR I ........................................................................................ ii
NOTE OF ADVISOR II...................................................................................... iii
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... iv
MOTTO AND DEDICATION............................................................................ vi
PRONOUNCEMENT .......................................................................................... v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................. vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................... xi
LIST OF APPENDICES .................................................................................... xii
LIST OF TABLE .............................................................................................. xiii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION .......................................................................... 1
A. Background of the Research ......................................................... 1
B. The Limitation of the Problem ...................................................... 8
C. Problem of the Research ............................................................... 8
D. Objective of the Research ............................................................. 9
E. Benefits of the research ................................................................. 9
F. Scope of the Research ................................................................. 10
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED THEORY ............................................ 11
A. Previous Study on Request .......................................................... 11
B. Underlying Theory...................................................................... 24
1. Notion of Politeness ................................................................ 25
2. Politeness strategy................................................................... 27
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ix
a. Positive Face .......................................................................... 28
b. Negative Politeness ................................................................. 29
3. Types of Politeness Strategy ....................................................... 34
a. Bald on Record ....................................................................... 34
b. Positive Politeness .................................................................. 36
c. Negative Politeness ................................................................. 40
d. Off record ............................................................................... 43
4. Factors Influencing the Choice of politeness Startegies ................. 46
a. The payoffs: A priori consideration ......................................... 47
b. The circumtances: Sociological variables ................................ 48
c. The intergration of assessment of payoffs and weighting of risk
in the choice of strategies ............................................................ 51
5. Pragmalinguistic .......................................................................... 52
6. Pragmalinguistics Features of Request ......................................... 55
a. Internal Modification............................................................... 56
b. External Modification ............................................................. 60
7. Request Strategy .......................................................................... 64
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD ............................................................. 69
A. Type of the Study........................................................................ 69
B. Object of the Study ..................................................................... 69
C. Data and Data Source .................................................................. 70
D. Technique of Collecting Data ...................................................... 71
E. Technique of Analysing Data ...................................................... 72
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CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION ............................. 74
A. Research Finding ........................................................................ 74
1. Types of Politeness Strategy in Request ................................. 74
a. Bald on Record................................................................... 75
b. Positive Politeness.............................................................. 80
c. Negative Politeness ............................................................ 85
d. Off Record ......................................................................... 89
2. Pragmalinguistic Features Used by the Characters .................. 95
a. Internal Modification .......................................................... 96
b. External Modification ....................................................... 101
3. The Factors Contribute in Choosing Politeness Strategy ........ 105
a. The Payoffs: A priori consideration ................................... 106
b. The Circumtances: Sociological variables ......................... 113
B. Discussions ............................................................................... 117
CHAPTER
V
CONCLUSION,
PEDAGOGICAL
IMPLICATION
AND
SUGGESTION ................................................................................................ 120
A. Conclusion................................................................................ 121
B. Pedagogical Implication ............................................................ 123
C. Suggestion ................................................................................ 124
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDICES
xi
xii
LIST OF APPENDICES
1. Transcript Mirror Mrirror: Snow White Movie ........................... Appendix 1
2. Types of Politeness Strategies .................................................... Appendix 2
3. Pragmalinguistic Features ........................................................... Appendix 3
4. The Factors Contribute of Choosing Politeness Strategy ............ Appendix 4
xii
xiii
LIST OF TABLE
1. Table.II.1: Politeness Strategy by Brown and Levinson ............................ 33
2. Table I1.2: Request Strategy Types ........................................................... 66
3. Table IV.1: Bald on Record Strategies ...................................................... 80
4. Table IV.2: Positive Politeness Strategies ................................................. 85
5. Table IV.3: Negative Politeness Strategies ................................................ 89
6. Table IV.4: Off Record Strategies ............................................................. 93
7. Table IV.5: The Result of Politeness Strategies ......................................... 93
8. Table IV.6: The Result of Pragmalinguistic Features .............................. 105
9. Table IV.7: The Factors of Contribute in Choosing Politeness ................ 117
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xiv
IN MIRROR-MIRROR: SNOW WHITE MOVIE (2012)
Submitted to Fulfil of One the Requirement
For Completion of Graduate Degree in Language Education
A THESIS
A Thesis
By
Heri Cahyono Putro
S200110055
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
GRADUATE PROGRAM
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2015
i
ii
iii
iv
ABSTRACT
HERI CAHYONO PUTRO. S200110055. POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF
THE
REQUEST
FOUND
IN
MIRROR-MIRROR:
SNOW
WHITE
MOVIE.Thesis. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta 2015.
Politeness is closed with interaction among the people. It is usually also
call “polite social behaviour” or etiquette, within a culture. It means that
politeness is cannot be same each country or place. This study is focused on
politeness strategy of request, because it is the based on the social relationship
communication. This research investigates the politeness strategies of the requests
found in Mirror-Mirror: Snow White Movie. Descriptive qualitative research used
by method’s researcher. The data source of this research form scripts of the
movie. The researcher used techniques in collecting data by documentation. Then,
the researcher was coding the data of his research. The data of politeness
strategies used by three groups were coded with serial number, types of politeness
strategies, pragmalinguistic features, and the factors contribute to choosing
politeness strategies.
The results are four types of politeness strategies, they are bald on record,
positive politeness, negative politeness and off record. The pragmalinguistic
features of request consist of internal modification and external modifications.
The factors contribute in choosing politeness strategies are consist of the payoffs
as a priori consideration and the circumtances as sociological variables.
Key words: Politeness strategies, Request, Pragmalinguistic
ivv
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
MOTTO:
Set elah kesukar an past i akan ada kemudahan
Ber j uanglah untuk hidup dengan ikhlas dan j uj ur
All is w ell....Amin
DEDICATION:
Allah SWT
His beloved Father and Mother
His Special one;
Shennthurtu/Nanongtu/Cebongtu/
Yuppytu/Pimbemtu/Nur Rohmawati
All of his friends
(Febby, Ferry, Pak Trisno Solo,
Mas Agung, Mas Luthfi, Bu Wiwik
and the others)
His beloved lectures
(Mom Endang Fauziati, Mr. Anam
Sutopo, Mrs. Agustina, and the
others)
viv
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
vii
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillahirobil’alamin, the researcher says thanks to Allah SWT for
the merciful and blessing in order that the researcher can finish this thesis from
the first up to the last.
It has been realized by the researcher that this writing would never been
completed comprehensively without any help from others, and actually many
people have contributed spiritually or physically for this thesis. The researcher
would like to express the deepest gratitude and an appreciation to:
1. Prof. Dr. Khudzaifah Dimyati, SH., M.Hum, as the director of Graduate
Program of Muhamammadiyah University of Surakarta
2. Prof. Dr. Markhamah, M. Hum, the head of Magister Language Study of
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta who have given her a chance to write
this thesis.
3. Prof. Dr. Endang Fauziati, M. Hum, The First Advisor, for her careful
guidance, support, suggestion, corrections and advice, which has helped the
writer to shape up this work.
4. Dr. Anam Sutopo, M. Hum., the Second Advisor, for her careful guidance and
advice, which has helped the writer to shape up this work.
5. His beloved father (Nur Hariyadi Pamungkas) and mother (Sulastri), who
always gives his the support and pray to the researcher to finish this thesis.
6. His Special One, Nur Rohmawati who always give her supports, her prays, her
loves which has helped the writer to shape up this study.
7. His beloved brother (Haris Setiyawan) who teach me English with patience.
vii
viii
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE................................................................................................................... i
NOTE OF ADVISOR I ........................................................................................ ii
NOTE OF ADVISOR II...................................................................................... iii
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... iv
MOTTO AND DEDICATION............................................................................ vi
PRONOUNCEMENT .......................................................................................... v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................. vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................... xi
LIST OF APPENDICES .................................................................................... xii
LIST OF TABLE .............................................................................................. xiii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION .......................................................................... 1
A. Background of the Research ......................................................... 1
B. The Limitation of the Problem ...................................................... 8
C. Problem of the Research ............................................................... 8
D. Objective of the Research ............................................................. 9
E. Benefits of the research ................................................................. 9
F. Scope of the Research ................................................................. 10
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED THEORY ............................................ 11
A. Previous Study on Request .......................................................... 11
B. Underlying Theory...................................................................... 24
1. Notion of Politeness ................................................................ 25
2. Politeness strategy................................................................... 27
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ix
a. Positive Face .......................................................................... 28
b. Negative Politeness ................................................................. 29
3. Types of Politeness Strategy ....................................................... 34
a. Bald on Record ....................................................................... 34
b. Positive Politeness .................................................................. 36
c. Negative Politeness ................................................................. 40
d. Off record ............................................................................... 43
4. Factors Influencing the Choice of politeness Startegies ................. 46
a. The payoffs: A priori consideration ......................................... 47
b. The circumtances: Sociological variables ................................ 48
c. The intergration of assessment of payoffs and weighting of risk
in the choice of strategies ............................................................ 51
5. Pragmalinguistic .......................................................................... 52
6. Pragmalinguistics Features of Request ......................................... 55
a. Internal Modification............................................................... 56
b. External Modification ............................................................. 60
7. Request Strategy .......................................................................... 64
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD ............................................................. 69
A. Type of the Study........................................................................ 69
B. Object of the Study ..................................................................... 69
C. Data and Data Source .................................................................. 70
D. Technique of Collecting Data ...................................................... 71
E. Technique of Analysing Data ...................................................... 72
x
xi
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION ............................. 74
A. Research Finding ........................................................................ 74
1. Types of Politeness Strategy in Request ................................. 74
a. Bald on Record................................................................... 75
b. Positive Politeness.............................................................. 80
c. Negative Politeness ............................................................ 85
d. Off Record ......................................................................... 89
2. Pragmalinguistic Features Used by the Characters .................. 95
a. Internal Modification .......................................................... 96
b. External Modification ....................................................... 101
3. The Factors Contribute in Choosing Politeness Strategy ........ 105
a. The Payoffs: A priori consideration ................................... 106
b. The Circumtances: Sociological variables ......................... 113
B. Discussions ............................................................................... 117
CHAPTER
V
CONCLUSION,
PEDAGOGICAL
IMPLICATION
AND
SUGGESTION ................................................................................................ 120
A. Conclusion................................................................................ 121
B. Pedagogical Implication ............................................................ 123
C. Suggestion ................................................................................ 124
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDICES
xi
xii
LIST OF APPENDICES
1. Transcript Mirror Mrirror: Snow White Movie ........................... Appendix 1
2. Types of Politeness Strategies .................................................... Appendix 2
3. Pragmalinguistic Features ........................................................... Appendix 3
4. The Factors Contribute of Choosing Politeness Strategy ............ Appendix 4
xii
xiii
LIST OF TABLE
1. Table.II.1: Politeness Strategy by Brown and Levinson ............................ 33
2. Table I1.2: Request Strategy Types ........................................................... 66
3. Table IV.1: Bald on Record Strategies ...................................................... 80
4. Table IV.2: Positive Politeness Strategies ................................................. 85
5. Table IV.3: Negative Politeness Strategies ................................................ 89
6. Table IV.4: Off Record Strategies ............................................................. 93
7. Table IV.5: The Result of Politeness Strategies ......................................... 93
8. Table IV.6: The Result of Pragmalinguistic Features .............................. 105
9. Table IV.7: The Factors of Contribute in Choosing Politeness ................ 117
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xiv