THE INFLUENCE OF EXPERIMENTAL METHOD USING PAS IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL TOWARD STUDENTS PROCESS SKILLS AND ACHIEVEMENT IN THE COLLOIDAL SYSTEM.
THE INFLUENCE OF EXPERIMENTAL METHOD USING
PAS IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL TOWARD STUDENT’S
PROCESS SKILLS AND ACHIEVEMENT
IN THE COLLOIDAL SYSTEM
By:
Rahmi Wardha Lubis
409 332 028
Bilingual Chemistry Education Study Program
THESIS
Submitted to Fulfill the Requirement for Getting the Degree of
Sarjana Pendididikan
CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCE
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
MEDAN
2013
i
iv
iii
THE INFLUENCE OF EXPERIMENTAL METHOD USING PAS
IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL TOWARD STUDENT’S
PROCESS SKILLS AND ACHIEVEMENT
IN THE COLLOIDAL SYSTEM
Rahmi Wardha Lubis (409332028)
ABSTRACT
The main purpose of this research to investigate the affectivity of practicum
method using PAS on the teaching of colloid subject, whether the learning
achievements of students who have learning by using the PAS are higher than
students by using conventional methods, and the level of students sciences process
skills by using PAS, also to test the feasibility of PAS guidance in the learning
chemistry. The research has been conducted experimentally in MAN I Medan.
This research was started from sampling process followed by pretest then the
teaching treatment of the experimental method using PAS applied to the
experimental class and the conventional method applied to the control class,
followed by post test, process skill assessment and questionnaire. The last is
analysis all of data to get the result and conclusion. Instrument for achievement
test have been standardized by using validity, index of difficulty, and
discriminating Power Index, and gotten 17 questions have been valid and reliable
(rcount = 0.87). Calculation of post test data obtained, the average value of post test
for experimental class is 86.41± 6.96 and the average value of post test for control
class is 72.95 ± 5.35, where the average value of gain of experiment class is 0.8 ±
0.112, and the average value of gain of control class is 0.59 ± 0.086. Hypothesis
testing conducted by using right side t-test and got the data tcount=1.686 and
ttabel=7.87 with α =0.05, so tcount > ttabel (7.87 > 1.686). It can be concluded the
alternative hypothesis (Ha) would be received and null hypothesis (Ho) would be
rejected, so that there is significant different student achievement between
experimental class and control class where student achievement who have been
taught by using experimental method using PAS is higher than student
achievement who have been taught by using conventional method. Through
observation sheet gotten the student skill process in experimental class is 79
where the criteria level is enough. The Criteria level of feasibility of PAS
guidance based on teacher’s questionnaire is 85 where the criteria level is feasible.
And the testing of student perception to PAS guidance gotten 79.32 where the
criteria level is understand.
ix
LIST OF TABLE
Table 2.1. Characteristics of Suspension, Colloid and Solution
Table 2.2. Classification Based on the State of the Dispersed Phase
and Dispersion Medium
Table 2.3. Distingustion between lyophilic and lyophobic colloids
Table 3.3. The design of research the influence of Experimental
Method Using PAS Toward Student’s Process Skills and
Achievement in the Colloidal System Subject
Table 3.4. Research time table for the influence the experimental
Method using PAS to increase student’s achievement
and skill in teaching colloid
Table 4.1. Validity
Table 4.2. Difficulty Level
Table 4.3. Discriminating Power Index
Table 4.4. Summary of the Instrument Test
Table 4.5. Data of Questionnaire of Analysis of PAS Guidance.
Table 4.6. Data of Pre-Test and Post-Test
Table 4.7. Summary Data from Result of Normality Test
Table 4.8. Summary Data from Result of Homogeneity Test
Table 4.9. Data of Student Achievement in the pre test
Table 4.10.Data of Data of Student Achievement in the post test
Table 4.11.Average Value of Gain Normalization
Table 4.12.Normality and Homogeneity Pre Test, Post Test and Gain
Table 4.13.Table of Hypothesis Result
Table 4.14.Student Perception to PAS Guidance
Table 4.15.Student Skill Process by Using Experimental
Method with PAS
Page
21
22
23
34
43
45
46
47
48
50
50
52
53
54
55
57
58
58
60
60
viii
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 2.1. Solution, Colloid, and Suspension
Figure 2.2. Characteristics of Suspension, Colloid and Solution
Figure 2.3. Tyndall effect
Figure 2.4. Brown motion
Figure 2.5. Brown motion
Figure 2.6. Cottrell precipitation
Figure 2.7. Peptization.
Figure 2.8. The stages of research Diagram.
Figure 2.9. Research Design Flow Diagram.
Figure 4.1. Chart of Feasibility of PAS Guidance.
Figure 4.2. Student Achievement in Experiment Class by Using
Experimental Method by PAS.
Figure 4.3. Increasing of Student Achievement in Experiment Class
Figure 4.4. Student Achievement in Control Class by Using
Conventional Method.
Figure 4.5. Increasing of Student Achievement in Control Class.
Figure 4.6. Student Perception to PAS Guidance.
Page
20
21
24
24
24
26
27
35
36
49
55
56
56
57
59
x
LIST OF APPENDIX
Appendix 1.
Appendix 2.
Appendix 3.
Appendix 4.
Appendix 5.
Appendix 6.
Appendix 7.
Appendix 8.
Appendix 9.
Appendix 10.
Appendix 11.
Appendix 12.
Appendix 13.
Appendix 14.
Appendix 15.
Appendix 16.
Appendix 17.
Appendix 18.
Appendix 19.
Appendix 20.
Appendix 21.
Appendix 22.
Appendix 23.
Appendix 24.
Appendix 25.
Appendix 26.
Appendix 27.
Appendix 28.
Appendix 29.
Syllabi
Lesson Plan
Lattice of Instruments (before validation)
Test Instrument (before validation)
Validity Test Table
Validity Test
Calculation of Validity of Instrument
Valid Items
Reliability Test Table
Reliability Calculation
Index Difficulty Test Table
Calculate Index Difficulty Instrument
Table of Index Distinguish Instrument
Calculated Index Distinguish Instrument
lattice of instrument of colloid systems
(After validation)
Question Instrument after Validation
PAS Guidance
Observation Sheet of PAS Guidance In Laboratory
Questionnaires of Feasibility Test for Teachers
to Design of Experiment Guidance
Analysis of Pas Guidance
Learning outcomes data
Homogeneity Test
Normality Test
Calculation Improved Learning Outcomes (Gain)
Hypothesis Test
Questionnaire For student perception level
Analysis of Student Perception To PAS Guidance
Process skills observation sheet in colloidal system material
Calculation of process skills observation Sheet in
colloidal system material
Appendix 30. Documentation
Appendix 31. Distribution of t Value’
Appendix 32. Distribution of F Value’s
Page
68
71
98
99
106
108
109
110
111
113
115
117
119
121
123
124
128
137
144
145
147
154
156
162
167
168
169
171
172
178
180
183
64
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1. Conclusion
1. Student achievement in experiment class is higher than control class. It can
be seen from the average of post test of experiment class is 86.41 ± 6.96
while in control class is 72.95 ± 5.35.
2. The percentage of student average gain in experiment class taught by
using experimental method using PAS is 80 higher than control class
taught by using conventional method in MAN 1 Medan where the gain is
59.
3. Experimental method using PAS guidance is feasible used in teaching
chemistry on the colloidal system where the criteria level of feasibility of
PAS guidance based on teacher’s questionnaire is 85 where the criteria
level is feasible.
4. The testing of student perception to PAS guidance gotten 79.32 where the
criteria level is understand.
5. The student skill process in experimental class is 79 with the category
enough.
5.2. Suggestion
1. Experimental method using PAS can be used by chemistry teacher to
increase student achievement in colloidal system subject.
2. The result of this study stills a lot of lacking, so expected similar study
could be done to develop. Among others by conducting similar studies on
the other population or other variables.
.
64
65
REFERENCE
Arikunto, S., (2011), Dasar-Dasar Evaluasi Pendidikan, Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.
Djagia , C.A., (2012), Koloid , file:///F:/koloid.html (29th january 2012).
Dewi, S., (2011), Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran dalam Upaya Membentuk
Kepribadian yang Berkarakter Mulia dan Hasil Belajar yang Tinggi pada
Materi Bentuk Geometri Molekul, Tesis Jurusan Kimia, FMIPA, UNIMED,
Medan.
Dunn, Lee., (2002), Theories of learning, http://www.brookes.ac.uk/services/
ocsd/ 2_learntch/theories.html, Oxford Centre for Staff and Learning
Development OCSLD.
Hamdu Ghullam and Lisa Agustina., (2011), pengaruh motivasi belajar siswa
terhadap pestasi belajar ipa di sekolah dasar (Studi Kasus terhadap Siswa
Kelas IV SDN Tarumanagara Kecamatan Tawang Kota Tasikmalaya),
Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Vol. 12 No. 1ISSN 1412-565X.
Holmes, S., (2011), Koagulasi dan Penstabilan Koloid, file:///F:/koagulasi-danpenstabilan-koloid.html (29th january 2012).
Jahro, I. S., dan Susilawati, (2009), Analisis Penerapan Metode Praktikum Pada
Pembelajaran Ilmu Kimia Di Sekolah Menengah Atas, Jurnal Pendidikan
Kimia 1: 20-26, ISSN:2085-3653.
Jahro, I. S., dan Susilawati, (2009), Desain Praktikum Alternative Sederhana
(PAS) Wujud Kreatifitas Guru Dalam Pelaksanaan Kegiatan Praktikum
Pada Pembelajaran Kimia, Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia 2: 44-47, ISSN:20853653.
Jahro, I. S et all., (2010), Pengembangan Berpikir Kritis dan Optimalisasi
Penerapan Keterampilan Proses Pada Praktikum Kimia Anorganik I Semi
Riset, Teaching Grant Program Hibah Kompetisi Berbasis Institusi (PHKI)
Batch I Unimed.
Justiana, S and Muchtaridi, (2009), Chemistry 2, Yudhistira, Jakarta.
Lubis, R.LS., (2009), Peranan Penerapan Kegiatan Praktikum Pada Pokok
Bahasan Asam Basa Dan Garam Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Di Smp
Terbuka, Skripsi Jurusan Kimia, FMIPA, UNIMED, Medan.
Manurung, H. M., (2011), Effectiveness of laboratory experiment Method to
increase student’s achievement in Teaching of thermochemistry, Skripsi
Jurusan Kimia, FMIPA, UNIMED, Medan.
Nana Sudjana, (2009), Penilaian Hasil Prose Belajar Mengajar, Bandung : PT
Remaja Rosdakarya.
Nn, 2008, koagulasi, file:///F:/KOAGULASIjadi.html (29th january 2012)
Nn, 2011, Sistem Koloid, file:///F:/makalah-kimia-sistem-koloid.html (29th january
2012).
Padilla, M.J., (2013), The Science Process Skills, http://www.narst.org/
publications/ research/ skill.cfm ( 2 februari 2013).
66
Pandini, N.I., 2012, Contoh Soal Koloid, file:///F:/Contoh%20Soal%
20Koloid%20% 20Planet%20Kimia.htm (29th january 2012).
Purba, M., (2006), Kimia Untuk SMA Kelas XI, Erlangga, Jakarta.
Ratna
dkk,
(2009),
Koloid
dan
Sistem
Dispersi,
file:///F:/Koloid%20dan%20Sistem%
20Dispersi%20_%20ChemIsTry.Org%20_%20Situs%20Kimia%20Indonesia%20_.htm (29 januari
2012)
Sihombing, M., (2008), Efektivitas penggunaan metode praktikum untuk
Meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada Pengajaran sifat koligatif larutan
Non elektrolit di SMA, Skripsi Jurusan Kimia, FMIPA, UNIMED, Medan.
Silitonga, P.M., (2008), Statistik, FMIPA, UNIMED, Medan.
Simanjuntak, A.S., (2011), Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Contextual Teaching
Learning (CTL) dengan media power point terhadap peningkatan tiga
tingkat representasi kimia Siswa SMA pada sub-pokok bahasan
Penyetaraan reaksi redoks dan sel volta, Skripsi Jurusan Kimia, FMIPA,
UNIMED, Medan.
Situmorang, manihar dan hotmartogi r. Sihole., (2004), Efektifitas Metode
Praktikum Pada Pengajaran Gugus Fungsional Di Sma Toba Samosir,
FMIPA
Universitas
Negeri
Medan,
Medan.
http://www.geocities.ws/J_sains/
Vol1_No1.html#EFEKTIFITAS%20METODE%20PRAKTIKUM%20PA
DA%20PENGAJARAN%20GUGUS%20FUNGSIONAL%20DI%20SM
A%20TOBA%20SAMOSIR (10th january 2012)
Susilawati, (2008), hubungan pelaksanaan praktikum kimia terhadap persepsi
siswa pada materi kimia di sma se-kota binjai, Skripsi Jurusan Kimia,
FMIPA, UNIMED, Medan.
Tim Pendidikan Kimia. (2011). Dasar-Dasar Pendidikan MIPA, Fakultas FMIPA
Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan.
Wiratma, I.G.L., (2003), Meningkatkan Keterampilan Mahasiswa Dalam
Praktikum Kimia Analitik Dengan Model Belajar Resistasi Pra Laboratorium Pada Mahasiswa, Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pengajaran IKIP
Negeri Singaraja, No. 1 TH. XXXVI, ISSN 0215-8250
PAS IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL TOWARD STUDENT’S
PROCESS SKILLS AND ACHIEVEMENT
IN THE COLLOIDAL SYSTEM
By:
Rahmi Wardha Lubis
409 332 028
Bilingual Chemistry Education Study Program
THESIS
Submitted to Fulfill the Requirement for Getting the Degree of
Sarjana Pendididikan
CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCE
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
MEDAN
2013
i
iv
iii
THE INFLUENCE OF EXPERIMENTAL METHOD USING PAS
IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL TOWARD STUDENT’S
PROCESS SKILLS AND ACHIEVEMENT
IN THE COLLOIDAL SYSTEM
Rahmi Wardha Lubis (409332028)
ABSTRACT
The main purpose of this research to investigate the affectivity of practicum
method using PAS on the teaching of colloid subject, whether the learning
achievements of students who have learning by using the PAS are higher than
students by using conventional methods, and the level of students sciences process
skills by using PAS, also to test the feasibility of PAS guidance in the learning
chemistry. The research has been conducted experimentally in MAN I Medan.
This research was started from sampling process followed by pretest then the
teaching treatment of the experimental method using PAS applied to the
experimental class and the conventional method applied to the control class,
followed by post test, process skill assessment and questionnaire. The last is
analysis all of data to get the result and conclusion. Instrument for achievement
test have been standardized by using validity, index of difficulty, and
discriminating Power Index, and gotten 17 questions have been valid and reliable
(rcount = 0.87). Calculation of post test data obtained, the average value of post test
for experimental class is 86.41± 6.96 and the average value of post test for control
class is 72.95 ± 5.35, where the average value of gain of experiment class is 0.8 ±
0.112, and the average value of gain of control class is 0.59 ± 0.086. Hypothesis
testing conducted by using right side t-test and got the data tcount=1.686 and
ttabel=7.87 with α =0.05, so tcount > ttabel (7.87 > 1.686). It can be concluded the
alternative hypothesis (Ha) would be received and null hypothesis (Ho) would be
rejected, so that there is significant different student achievement between
experimental class and control class where student achievement who have been
taught by using experimental method using PAS is higher than student
achievement who have been taught by using conventional method. Through
observation sheet gotten the student skill process in experimental class is 79
where the criteria level is enough. The Criteria level of feasibility of PAS
guidance based on teacher’s questionnaire is 85 where the criteria level is feasible.
And the testing of student perception to PAS guidance gotten 79.32 where the
criteria level is understand.
ix
LIST OF TABLE
Table 2.1. Characteristics of Suspension, Colloid and Solution
Table 2.2. Classification Based on the State of the Dispersed Phase
and Dispersion Medium
Table 2.3. Distingustion between lyophilic and lyophobic colloids
Table 3.3. The design of research the influence of Experimental
Method Using PAS Toward Student’s Process Skills and
Achievement in the Colloidal System Subject
Table 3.4. Research time table for the influence the experimental
Method using PAS to increase student’s achievement
and skill in teaching colloid
Table 4.1. Validity
Table 4.2. Difficulty Level
Table 4.3. Discriminating Power Index
Table 4.4. Summary of the Instrument Test
Table 4.5. Data of Questionnaire of Analysis of PAS Guidance.
Table 4.6. Data of Pre-Test and Post-Test
Table 4.7. Summary Data from Result of Normality Test
Table 4.8. Summary Data from Result of Homogeneity Test
Table 4.9. Data of Student Achievement in the pre test
Table 4.10.Data of Data of Student Achievement in the post test
Table 4.11.Average Value of Gain Normalization
Table 4.12.Normality and Homogeneity Pre Test, Post Test and Gain
Table 4.13.Table of Hypothesis Result
Table 4.14.Student Perception to PAS Guidance
Table 4.15.Student Skill Process by Using Experimental
Method with PAS
Page
21
22
23
34
43
45
46
47
48
50
50
52
53
54
55
57
58
58
60
60
viii
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 2.1. Solution, Colloid, and Suspension
Figure 2.2. Characteristics of Suspension, Colloid and Solution
Figure 2.3. Tyndall effect
Figure 2.4. Brown motion
Figure 2.5. Brown motion
Figure 2.6. Cottrell precipitation
Figure 2.7. Peptization.
Figure 2.8. The stages of research Diagram.
Figure 2.9. Research Design Flow Diagram.
Figure 4.1. Chart of Feasibility of PAS Guidance.
Figure 4.2. Student Achievement in Experiment Class by Using
Experimental Method by PAS.
Figure 4.3. Increasing of Student Achievement in Experiment Class
Figure 4.4. Student Achievement in Control Class by Using
Conventional Method.
Figure 4.5. Increasing of Student Achievement in Control Class.
Figure 4.6. Student Perception to PAS Guidance.
Page
20
21
24
24
24
26
27
35
36
49
55
56
56
57
59
x
LIST OF APPENDIX
Appendix 1.
Appendix 2.
Appendix 3.
Appendix 4.
Appendix 5.
Appendix 6.
Appendix 7.
Appendix 8.
Appendix 9.
Appendix 10.
Appendix 11.
Appendix 12.
Appendix 13.
Appendix 14.
Appendix 15.
Appendix 16.
Appendix 17.
Appendix 18.
Appendix 19.
Appendix 20.
Appendix 21.
Appendix 22.
Appendix 23.
Appendix 24.
Appendix 25.
Appendix 26.
Appendix 27.
Appendix 28.
Appendix 29.
Syllabi
Lesson Plan
Lattice of Instruments (before validation)
Test Instrument (before validation)
Validity Test Table
Validity Test
Calculation of Validity of Instrument
Valid Items
Reliability Test Table
Reliability Calculation
Index Difficulty Test Table
Calculate Index Difficulty Instrument
Table of Index Distinguish Instrument
Calculated Index Distinguish Instrument
lattice of instrument of colloid systems
(After validation)
Question Instrument after Validation
PAS Guidance
Observation Sheet of PAS Guidance In Laboratory
Questionnaires of Feasibility Test for Teachers
to Design of Experiment Guidance
Analysis of Pas Guidance
Learning outcomes data
Homogeneity Test
Normality Test
Calculation Improved Learning Outcomes (Gain)
Hypothesis Test
Questionnaire For student perception level
Analysis of Student Perception To PAS Guidance
Process skills observation sheet in colloidal system material
Calculation of process skills observation Sheet in
colloidal system material
Appendix 30. Documentation
Appendix 31. Distribution of t Value’
Appendix 32. Distribution of F Value’s
Page
68
71
98
99
106
108
109
110
111
113
115
117
119
121
123
124
128
137
144
145
147
154
156
162
167
168
169
171
172
178
180
183
64
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1. Conclusion
1. Student achievement in experiment class is higher than control class. It can
be seen from the average of post test of experiment class is 86.41 ± 6.96
while in control class is 72.95 ± 5.35.
2. The percentage of student average gain in experiment class taught by
using experimental method using PAS is 80 higher than control class
taught by using conventional method in MAN 1 Medan where the gain is
59.
3. Experimental method using PAS guidance is feasible used in teaching
chemistry on the colloidal system where the criteria level of feasibility of
PAS guidance based on teacher’s questionnaire is 85 where the criteria
level is feasible.
4. The testing of student perception to PAS guidance gotten 79.32 where the
criteria level is understand.
5. The student skill process in experimental class is 79 with the category
enough.
5.2. Suggestion
1. Experimental method using PAS can be used by chemistry teacher to
increase student achievement in colloidal system subject.
2. The result of this study stills a lot of lacking, so expected similar study
could be done to develop. Among others by conducting similar studies on
the other population or other variables.
.
64
65
REFERENCE
Arikunto, S., (2011), Dasar-Dasar Evaluasi Pendidikan, Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.
Djagia , C.A., (2012), Koloid , file:///F:/koloid.html (29th january 2012).
Dewi, S., (2011), Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran dalam Upaya Membentuk
Kepribadian yang Berkarakter Mulia dan Hasil Belajar yang Tinggi pada
Materi Bentuk Geometri Molekul, Tesis Jurusan Kimia, FMIPA, UNIMED,
Medan.
Dunn, Lee., (2002), Theories of learning, http://www.brookes.ac.uk/services/
ocsd/ 2_learntch/theories.html, Oxford Centre for Staff and Learning
Development OCSLD.
Hamdu Ghullam and Lisa Agustina., (2011), pengaruh motivasi belajar siswa
terhadap pestasi belajar ipa di sekolah dasar (Studi Kasus terhadap Siswa
Kelas IV SDN Tarumanagara Kecamatan Tawang Kota Tasikmalaya),
Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Vol. 12 No. 1ISSN 1412-565X.
Holmes, S., (2011), Koagulasi dan Penstabilan Koloid, file:///F:/koagulasi-danpenstabilan-koloid.html (29th january 2012).
Jahro, I. S., dan Susilawati, (2009), Analisis Penerapan Metode Praktikum Pada
Pembelajaran Ilmu Kimia Di Sekolah Menengah Atas, Jurnal Pendidikan
Kimia 1: 20-26, ISSN:2085-3653.
Jahro, I. S., dan Susilawati, (2009), Desain Praktikum Alternative Sederhana
(PAS) Wujud Kreatifitas Guru Dalam Pelaksanaan Kegiatan Praktikum
Pada Pembelajaran Kimia, Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia 2: 44-47, ISSN:20853653.
Jahro, I. S et all., (2010), Pengembangan Berpikir Kritis dan Optimalisasi
Penerapan Keterampilan Proses Pada Praktikum Kimia Anorganik I Semi
Riset, Teaching Grant Program Hibah Kompetisi Berbasis Institusi (PHKI)
Batch I Unimed.
Justiana, S and Muchtaridi, (2009), Chemistry 2, Yudhistira, Jakarta.
Lubis, R.LS., (2009), Peranan Penerapan Kegiatan Praktikum Pada Pokok
Bahasan Asam Basa Dan Garam Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Di Smp
Terbuka, Skripsi Jurusan Kimia, FMIPA, UNIMED, Medan.
Manurung, H. M., (2011), Effectiveness of laboratory experiment Method to
increase student’s achievement in Teaching of thermochemistry, Skripsi
Jurusan Kimia, FMIPA, UNIMED, Medan.
Nana Sudjana, (2009), Penilaian Hasil Prose Belajar Mengajar, Bandung : PT
Remaja Rosdakarya.
Nn, 2008, koagulasi, file:///F:/KOAGULASIjadi.html (29th january 2012)
Nn, 2011, Sistem Koloid, file:///F:/makalah-kimia-sistem-koloid.html (29th january
2012).
Padilla, M.J., (2013), The Science Process Skills, http://www.narst.org/
publications/ research/ skill.cfm ( 2 februari 2013).
66
Pandini, N.I., 2012, Contoh Soal Koloid, file:///F:/Contoh%20Soal%
20Koloid%20% 20Planet%20Kimia.htm (29th january 2012).
Purba, M., (2006), Kimia Untuk SMA Kelas XI, Erlangga, Jakarta.
Ratna
dkk,
(2009),
Koloid
dan
Sistem
Dispersi,
file:///F:/Koloid%20dan%20Sistem%
20Dispersi%20_%20ChemIsTry.Org%20_%20Situs%20Kimia%20Indonesia%20_.htm (29 januari
2012)
Sihombing, M., (2008), Efektivitas penggunaan metode praktikum untuk
Meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada Pengajaran sifat koligatif larutan
Non elektrolit di SMA, Skripsi Jurusan Kimia, FMIPA, UNIMED, Medan.
Silitonga, P.M., (2008), Statistik, FMIPA, UNIMED, Medan.
Simanjuntak, A.S., (2011), Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Contextual Teaching
Learning (CTL) dengan media power point terhadap peningkatan tiga
tingkat representasi kimia Siswa SMA pada sub-pokok bahasan
Penyetaraan reaksi redoks dan sel volta, Skripsi Jurusan Kimia, FMIPA,
UNIMED, Medan.
Situmorang, manihar dan hotmartogi r. Sihole., (2004), Efektifitas Metode
Praktikum Pada Pengajaran Gugus Fungsional Di Sma Toba Samosir,
FMIPA
Universitas
Negeri
Medan,
Medan.
http://www.geocities.ws/J_sains/
Vol1_No1.html#EFEKTIFITAS%20METODE%20PRAKTIKUM%20PA
DA%20PENGAJARAN%20GUGUS%20FUNGSIONAL%20DI%20SM
A%20TOBA%20SAMOSIR (10th january 2012)
Susilawati, (2008), hubungan pelaksanaan praktikum kimia terhadap persepsi
siswa pada materi kimia di sma se-kota binjai, Skripsi Jurusan Kimia,
FMIPA, UNIMED, Medan.
Tim Pendidikan Kimia. (2011). Dasar-Dasar Pendidikan MIPA, Fakultas FMIPA
Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan.
Wiratma, I.G.L., (2003), Meningkatkan Keterampilan Mahasiswa Dalam
Praktikum Kimia Analitik Dengan Model Belajar Resistasi Pra Laboratorium Pada Mahasiswa, Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pengajaran IKIP
Negeri Singaraja, No. 1 TH. XXXVI, ISSN 0215-8250